Multiplex PCR tests sentinel the appearance of pandemic influenza viruses including H1N1 swine influenza
Identifieur interne : 001F40 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 001F39; suivant : 001F41Multiplex PCR tests sentinel the appearance of pandemic influenza viruses including H1N1 swine influenza
Auteurs : James B. Mahony [Canada] ; Todd Hatchette [Canada] ; Davor Ojkic [Canada] ; Steven J. Drews [Canada] ; Jonathan Gubbay [Canada] ; Donald E. Low [Canada] ; Martin Petric [Canada] ; Patrick Tang [Canada] ; Sylvia Chong [Canada] ; Kathy Luinstra [Canada] ; Astrid Petrich [Canada] ; Marek Smieja [Canada]Source :
- Journal of Clinical Virology [ 1386-6532 ] ; 2009.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Animaux, Equus caballus, Grippe chez les oiseaux (virologie), Grippe humaine (diagnostic), Grippe humaine (virologie), Humains, Infections à Orthomyxoviridae (médecine vétérinaire), Infections à Orthomyxoviridae (virologie), Oiseaux, Orthomyxoviridae (), Orthomyxoviridae (génétique), Orthomyxoviridae (isolement et purification), Réaction de polymérisation en chaîne (), Sensibilité et spécificité, Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A (), Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A (génétique), Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A (isolement et purification), Sous-type H5N1 du virus de la grippe A (), Sous-type H5N1 du virus de la grippe A (génétique), Sous-type H5N1 du virus de la grippe A (isolement et purification), Suidae.
- MESH :
- diagnostic : Grippe humaine.
- génétique : Orthomyxoviridae, Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A, Sous-type H5N1 du virus de la grippe A.
- isolement et purification : Orthomyxoviridae, Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A, Sous-type H5N1 du virus de la grippe A.
- médecine vétérinaire : Infections à Orthomyxoviridae.
- virologie : Grippe chez les oiseaux, Grippe humaine, Infections à Orthomyxoviridae.
- Animaux, Equus caballus, Humains, Oiseaux, Orthomyxoviridae, Réaction de polymérisation en chaîne, Sensibilité et spécificité, Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A, Sous-type H5N1 du virus de la grippe A, Suidae.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Animals, Birds, Horses, Humans, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype (classification), Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype (genetics), Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype (isolation & purification), Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype (classification), Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype (genetics), Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype (isolation & purification), Influenza in Birds (virology), Influenza, Human (diagnosis), Influenza, Human (virology), Orthomyxoviridae (classification), Orthomyxoviridae (genetics), Orthomyxoviridae (isolation & purification), Orthomyxoviridae Infections (veterinary), Orthomyxoviridae Infections (virology), Polymerase Chain Reaction (methods), Sensitivity and Specificity, Swine.
- MESH :
- classification : Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype, Orthomyxoviridae.
- diagnosis : Influenza, Human.
- genetics : Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype, Orthomyxoviridae.
- isolation & purification : Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype, Orthomyxoviridae.
- methods : Polymerase Chain Reaction.
- veterinary : Orthomyxoviridae Infections.
- virology : Influenza in Birds, Influenza, Human, Orthomyxoviridae Infections.
- Animals, Birds, Horses, Humans, Sensitivity and Specificity, Swine.
Abstract
Since the turn of the century seven new respiratory viruses have infected man and two of these have resulted in worldwide epidemics. Both SARS Coronavirus which quickly spread to 29 countries in February 2003 and H1N1 swine influenza that recently spread from Mexico to 30 countries in three weeks represent major pandemic threats for mankind. Diagnostic assays are required to detect novel influenza strains with pandemic potential.
In this report we evaluate the ability of a multiplex PCR test (xTAG™ RVP) to detect new, “non-seasonal” influenza viruses including the H1N1 swine influenza A/swine/California/04/2009.
Laboratory based study using retrospective and prospective specimens.
This multiplex PCR test detected the present of non-seasonal (non-H1, non-H3) influenza in 20 of 20 patients infected with H1N1 swine flu virus. In addition to detecting the current swine flu the xTAG™ RVP test detected the H5N1 A/Vietnam/1203/2004 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus that circulated in South East Asia in 2003 as well as 17 out of 17 influenza A viruses representing 11 HA subtypes isolated from birds, swine and horses not yet seen in the human population.
Based on these results we believe that this molecular test can perform an important role as a sentinel test to detect novel non-seasonal influenza A viruses in patients presenting with influenza-like illness (ILI) and therefore act as an early warning system for the detection of future pandemic influenza threats.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2009.05.031
PubMed: 19515609
PubMed Central: 5153328
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PMC:5153328Le document en format XML
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Disease Control, Vancouver, B.C., Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>British Columbia Center for Disease Control, Vancouver, B.C.</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>B.C.</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chong, Sylvia" sort="Chong, Sylvia" uniqKey="Chong S" first="Sylvia" last="Chong">Sylvia Chong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hamilton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name 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Mahony</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hamilton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hatchette, Todd" sort="Hatchette, Todd" uniqKey="Hatchette T" first="Todd" last="Hatchette">Todd Hatchette</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Medicine and Microbiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine and Microbiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nova Scotia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ojkic, Davor" sort="Ojkic, Davor" uniqKey="Ojkic D" first="Davor" last="Ojkic">Davor Ojkic</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Ontario Veterinary College and Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Ontario Veterinary College and Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Drews, Steven J" sort="Drews, Steven J" uniqKey="Drews S" first="Steven J." last="Drews">Steven J. Drews</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gubbay, Jonathan" sort="Gubbay, Jonathan" uniqKey="Gubbay J" first="Jonathan" last="Gubbay">Jonathan Gubbay</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Low, Donald E" sort="Low, Donald E" uniqKey="Low D" first="Donald E." last="Low">Donald E. Low</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Petric, Martin" sort="Petric, Martin" uniqKey="Petric M" first="Martin" last="Petric">Martin Petric</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">British Columbia Center for Disease Control, Vancouver, B.C., Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>British Columbia Center for Disease Control, Vancouver, B.C.</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>B.C.</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, Patrick" sort="Tang, Patrick" uniqKey="Tang P" first="Patrick" last="Tang">Patrick Tang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">British Columbia Center for Disease Control, Vancouver, B.C., Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>British Columbia Center for Disease Control, Vancouver, B.C.</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>B.C.</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chong, Sylvia" sort="Chong, Sylvia" uniqKey="Chong S" first="Sylvia" last="Chong">Sylvia Chong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hamilton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luinstra, Kathy" sort="Luinstra, Kathy" uniqKey="Luinstra K" first="Kathy" last="Luinstra">Kathy Luinstra</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hamilton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Petrich, Astrid" sort="Petrich, Astrid" uniqKey="Petrich A" first="Astrid" last="Petrich">Astrid Petrich</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hamilton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smieja, Marek" sort="Smieja, Marek" uniqKey="Smieja M" first="Marek" last="Smieja">Marek Smieja</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hamilton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Clinical Virology</title><idno type="ISSN">1386-6532</idno><idno type="eISSN">1873-5967</idno><imprint><date when="2009">2009</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Birds</term><term>Horses</term><term>Humans</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype (classification)</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype (genetics)</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype (isolation & purification)</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype (classification)</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype (genetics)</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype (isolation & purification)</term><term>Influenza in Birds (virology)</term><term>Influenza, Human (diagnosis)</term><term>Influenza, Human (virology)</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae (classification)</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae (genetics)</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae (isolation & purification)</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae Infections (veterinary)</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae Infections (virology)</term><term>Polymerase Chain Reaction (methods)</term><term>Sensitivity and Specificity</term><term>Swine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Equus caballus</term><term>Grippe chez les oiseaux (virologie)</term><term>Grippe humaine (diagnostic)</term><term>Grippe humaine (virologie)</term><term>Humains</term><term>Infections à Orthomyxoviridae (médecine vétérinaire)</term><term>Infections à Orthomyxoviridae (virologie)</term><term>Oiseaux</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae ()</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae (génétique)</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae (isolement et purification)</term><term>Réaction de polymérisation en chaîne ()</term><term>Sensibilité et spécificité</term><term>Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A ()</term><term>Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A (génétique)</term><term>Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A (isolement et purification)</term><term>Sous-type H5N1 du virus de la grippe A ()</term><term>Sous-type H5N1 du virus de la grippe A (génétique)</term><term>Sous-type H5N1 du virus de la grippe A (isolement et purification)</term><term>Suidae</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="classification" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza, Human</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnostic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Grippe humaine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Orthomyxoviridae</term><term>Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A</term><term>Sous-type H5N1 du virus de la grippe A</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolement et purification" xml:lang="fr"><term>Orthomyxoviridae</term><term>Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A</term><term>Sous-type H5N1 du virus de la grippe A</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Polymerase Chain Reaction</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="médecine vétérinaire" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à Orthomyxoviridae</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="veterinary" xml:lang="en"><term>Orthomyxoviridae Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Grippe chez les oiseaux</term><term>Grippe humaine</term><term>Infections à Orthomyxoviridae</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza in Birds</term><term>Influenza, Human</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Birds</term><term>Horses</term><term>Humans</term><term>Sensitivity and Specificity</term><term>Swine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Equus caballus</term><term>Humains</term><term>Oiseaux</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae</term><term>Réaction de polymérisation en chaîne</term><term>Sensibilité et spécificité</term><term>Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A</term><term>Sous-type H5N1 du virus de la grippe A</term><term>Suidae</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Since the turn of the century seven new respiratory viruses have infected man and two of these have resulted in worldwide epidemics. Both SARS Coronavirus which quickly spread to 29 countries in February 2003 and H1N1 swine influenza that recently spread from Mexico to 30 countries in three weeks represent major pandemic threats for mankind. Diagnostic assays are required to detect novel influenza strains with pandemic potential.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>In this report we evaluate the ability of a multiplex PCR test (xTAG™ RVP) to detect new, “non-seasonal” influenza viruses including the H1N1 swine influenza A/swine/California/04/2009.</p></sec><sec><title>Study design</title><p>Laboratory based study using retrospective and prospective specimens.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>This multiplex PCR test detected the present of non-seasonal (non-H1, non-H3) influenza in 20 of 20 patients infected with H1N1 swine flu virus. In addition to detecting the current swine flu the xTAG™ RVP test detected the H5N1 A/Vietnam/1203/2004 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus that circulated in South East Asia in 2003 as well as 17 out of 17 influenza A viruses representing 11 HA subtypes isolated from birds, swine and horses not yet seen in the human population.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Based on these results we believe that this molecular test can perform an important role as a sentinel test to detect novel non-seasonal influenza A viruses in patients presenting with influenza-like illness (ILI) and therefore act as an early warning system for the detection of future pandemic influenza threats.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mahony, J B" uniqKey="Mahony J">J.B. Mahony</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mahony, J" uniqKey="Mahony J">J. Mahony</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chong, S" uniqKey="Chong S">S. Chong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Merante, F" uniqKey="Merante F">F. Merante</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yaghoubian, S" uniqKey="Yaghoubian S">S. Yaghoubian</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sinha, T" uniqKey="Sinha T">T. Sinha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lisle, C" uniqKey="Lisle C">C. Lisle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Janeczko, R" uniqKey="Janeczko R">R. Janeczko</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Merante, F" uniqKey="Merante F">F. Merante</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yaghoubian, S" uniqKey="Yaghoubian S">S. Yaghoubian</name></author><author><name sortKey="Janeczko, R" uniqKey="Janeczko R">R. Janeczko</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><double pmid="19515609"><pmc><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Multiplex PCR tests sentinel the appearance of pandemic influenza viruses including H1N1 swine influenza</title><author><name sortKey="Mahony, James B" sort="Mahony, James B" uniqKey="Mahony J" first="James B." last="Mahony">James B. Mahony</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hamilton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hatchette, Todd" sort="Hatchette, Todd" uniqKey="Hatchette T" first="Todd" last="Hatchette">Todd Hatchette</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Medicine and Microbiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine and Microbiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nova Scotia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ojkic, Davor" sort="Ojkic, Davor" uniqKey="Ojkic D" first="Davor" last="Ojkic">Davor Ojkic</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Ontario Veterinary College and Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Ontario Veterinary College and Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Drews, Steven J" sort="Drews, Steven J" uniqKey="Drews S" first="Steven J." last="Drews">Steven J. Drews</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gubbay, Jonathan" sort="Gubbay, Jonathan" uniqKey="Gubbay J" first="Jonathan" last="Gubbay">Jonathan Gubbay</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Low, Donald E" sort="Low, Donald E" uniqKey="Low D" first="Donald E." last="Low">Donald E. Low</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Petric, Martin" sort="Petric, Martin" uniqKey="Petric M" first="Martin" last="Petric">Martin Petric</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">British Columbia Center for Disease Control, Vancouver, B.C., Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>British Columbia Center for Disease Control, Vancouver, B.C.</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>B.C.</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, Patrick" sort="Tang, Patrick" uniqKey="Tang P" first="Patrick" last="Tang">Patrick Tang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">British Columbia Center for Disease Control, Vancouver, B.C., Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>British Columbia Center for Disease Control, Vancouver, B.C.</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>B.C.</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chong, Sylvia" sort="Chong, Sylvia" uniqKey="Chong S" first="Sylvia" last="Chong">Sylvia Chong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hamilton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luinstra, Kathy" sort="Luinstra, Kathy" uniqKey="Luinstra K" first="Kathy" last="Luinstra">Kathy Luinstra</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hamilton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Petrich, Astrid" sort="Petrich, Astrid" uniqKey="Petrich A" first="Astrid" last="Petrich">Astrid Petrich</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hamilton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smieja, Marek" sort="Smieja, Marek" uniqKey="Smieja M" first="Marek" last="Smieja">Marek Smieja</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hamilton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">19515609</idno><idno type="pmc">5153328</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5153328</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5153328</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.jcv.2009.05.031</idno><date when="2009">2009</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000892</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000892</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000892</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000892</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000C98</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000C98</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Multiplex PCR tests sentinel the appearance of pandemic influenza viruses including H1N1 swine influenza</title><author><name sortKey="Mahony, James B" sort="Mahony, James B" uniqKey="Mahony J" first="James B." last="Mahony">James B. Mahony</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hamilton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hatchette, Todd" sort="Hatchette, Todd" uniqKey="Hatchette T" first="Todd" last="Hatchette">Todd Hatchette</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Medicine and Microbiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine and Microbiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nova Scotia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ojkic, Davor" sort="Ojkic, Davor" uniqKey="Ojkic D" first="Davor" last="Ojkic">Davor Ojkic</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Ontario Veterinary College and Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Ontario Veterinary College and Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Drews, Steven J" sort="Drews, Steven J" uniqKey="Drews S" first="Steven J." last="Drews">Steven J. Drews</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gubbay, Jonathan" sort="Gubbay, Jonathan" uniqKey="Gubbay J" first="Jonathan" last="Gubbay">Jonathan Gubbay</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Low, Donald E" sort="Low, Donald E" uniqKey="Low D" first="Donald E." last="Low">Donald E. Low</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Petric, Martin" sort="Petric, Martin" uniqKey="Petric M" first="Martin" last="Petric">Martin Petric</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">British Columbia Center for Disease Control, Vancouver, B.C., Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>British Columbia Center for Disease Control, Vancouver, B.C.</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>B.C.</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, Patrick" sort="Tang, Patrick" uniqKey="Tang P" first="Patrick" last="Tang">Patrick Tang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">British Columbia Center for Disease Control, Vancouver, B.C., Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>British Columbia Center for Disease Control, Vancouver, B.C.</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>B.C.</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chong, Sylvia" sort="Chong, Sylvia" uniqKey="Chong S" first="Sylvia" last="Chong">Sylvia Chong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hamilton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luinstra, Kathy" sort="Luinstra, Kathy" uniqKey="Luinstra K" first="Kathy" last="Luinstra">Kathy Luinstra</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hamilton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Petrich, Astrid" sort="Petrich, Astrid" uniqKey="Petrich A" first="Astrid" last="Petrich">Astrid Petrich</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hamilton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smieja, Marek" sort="Smieja, Marek" uniqKey="Smieja M" first="Marek" last="Smieja">Marek Smieja</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hamilton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Clinical Virology</title><idno type="ISSN">1386-6532</idno><idno type="eISSN">1873-5967</idno><imprint><date when="2009">2009</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Since the turn of the century seven new respiratory viruses have infected man and two of these have resulted in worldwide epidemics. Both SARS Coronavirus which quickly spread to 29 countries in February 2003 and H1N1 swine influenza that recently spread from Mexico to 30 countries in three weeks represent major pandemic threats for mankind. Diagnostic assays are required to detect novel influenza strains with pandemic potential.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>In this report we evaluate the ability of a multiplex PCR test (xTAG™ RVP) to detect new, “non-seasonal” influenza viruses including the H1N1 swine influenza A/swine/California/04/2009.</p></sec><sec><title>Study design</title><p>Laboratory based study using retrospective and prospective specimens.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>This multiplex PCR test detected the present of non-seasonal (non-H1, non-H3) influenza in 20 of 20 patients infected with H1N1 swine flu virus. In addition to detecting the current swine flu the xTAG™ RVP test detected the H5N1 A/Vietnam/1203/2004 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus that circulated in South East Asia in 2003 as well as 17 out of 17 influenza A viruses representing 11 HA subtypes isolated from birds, swine and horses not yet seen in the human population.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Based on these results we believe that this molecular test can perform an important role as a sentinel test to detect novel non-seasonal influenza A viruses in patients presenting with influenza-like illness (ILI) and therefore act as an early warning system for the detection of future pandemic influenza threats.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mahony, J B" uniqKey="Mahony J">J.B. Mahony</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mahony, J" uniqKey="Mahony J">J. Mahony</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chong, S" uniqKey="Chong S">S. Chong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Merante, F" uniqKey="Merante F">F. Merante</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yaghoubian, S" uniqKey="Yaghoubian S">S. Yaghoubian</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sinha, T" uniqKey="Sinha T">T. Sinha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lisle, C" uniqKey="Lisle C">C. Lisle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Janeczko, R" uniqKey="Janeczko R">R. Janeczko</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Merante, F" uniqKey="Merante F">F. Merante</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yaghoubian, S" uniqKey="Yaghoubian S">S. Yaghoubian</name></author><author><name sortKey="Janeczko, R" uniqKey="Janeczko R">R. Janeczko</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI></pmc><pubmed><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Multiplex PCR tests sentinel the appearance of pandemic influenza viruses including H1N1 swine influenza.</title><author><name sortKey="Mahony, James B" sort="Mahony, James B" uniqKey="Mahony J" first="James B" last="Mahony">James B. Mahony</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada. mahonyj@mcmaster.ca</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hamilton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hatchette, Todd" sort="Hatchette, Todd" uniqKey="Hatchette T" first="Todd" last="Hatchette">Todd Hatchette</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ojkic, Davor" sort="Ojkic, Davor" uniqKey="Ojkic D" first="Davor" last="Ojkic">Davor Ojkic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Drews, Steven J" sort="Drews, Steven J" uniqKey="Drews S" first="Steven J" last="Drews">Steven J. Drews</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gubbay, Jonathan" sort="Gubbay, Jonathan" uniqKey="Gubbay J" first="Jonathan" last="Gubbay">Jonathan Gubbay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Low, Donald E" sort="Low, Donald E" uniqKey="Low D" first="Donald E" last="Low">Donald E. Low</name></author><author><name sortKey="Petric, Martin" sort="Petric, Martin" uniqKey="Petric M" first="Martin" last="Petric">Martin Petric</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, Patrick" sort="Tang, Patrick" uniqKey="Tang P" first="Patrick" last="Tang">Patrick Tang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chong, Sylvia" sort="Chong, Sylvia" uniqKey="Chong S" first="Sylvia" last="Chong">Sylvia Chong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Luinstra, Kathy" sort="Luinstra, Kathy" uniqKey="Luinstra K" first="Kathy" last="Luinstra">Kathy Luinstra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Petrich, Astrid" sort="Petrich, Astrid" uniqKey="Petrich A" first="Astrid" last="Petrich">Astrid Petrich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smieja, Marek" sort="Smieja, Marek" uniqKey="Smieja M" first="Marek" last="Smieja">Marek Smieja</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2009">2009</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:19515609</idno><idno type="pmid">19515609</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.jcv.2009.05.031</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">001885</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001885</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">001885</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">001885</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">001832</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">001832</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Multiplex PCR tests sentinel the appearance of pandemic influenza viruses including H1N1 swine influenza.</title><author><name sortKey="Mahony, James B" sort="Mahony, James B" uniqKey="Mahony J" first="James B" last="Mahony">James B. Mahony</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada. mahonyj@mcmaster.ca</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University and the Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Center, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hamilton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hatchette, Todd" sort="Hatchette, Todd" uniqKey="Hatchette T" first="Todd" last="Hatchette">Todd Hatchette</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ojkic, Davor" sort="Ojkic, Davor" uniqKey="Ojkic D" first="Davor" last="Ojkic">Davor Ojkic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Drews, Steven J" sort="Drews, Steven J" uniqKey="Drews S" first="Steven J" last="Drews">Steven J. Drews</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gubbay, Jonathan" sort="Gubbay, Jonathan" uniqKey="Gubbay J" first="Jonathan" last="Gubbay">Jonathan Gubbay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Low, Donald E" sort="Low, Donald E" uniqKey="Low D" first="Donald E" last="Low">Donald E. Low</name></author><author><name sortKey="Petric, Martin" sort="Petric, Martin" uniqKey="Petric M" first="Martin" last="Petric">Martin Petric</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, Patrick" sort="Tang, Patrick" uniqKey="Tang P" first="Patrick" last="Tang">Patrick Tang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chong, Sylvia" sort="Chong, Sylvia" uniqKey="Chong S" first="Sylvia" last="Chong">Sylvia Chong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Luinstra, Kathy" sort="Luinstra, Kathy" uniqKey="Luinstra K" first="Kathy" last="Luinstra">Kathy Luinstra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Petrich, Astrid" sort="Petrich, Astrid" uniqKey="Petrich A" first="Astrid" last="Petrich">Astrid Petrich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smieja, Marek" sort="Smieja, Marek" uniqKey="Smieja M" first="Marek" last="Smieja">Marek Smieja</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology</title><idno type="eISSN">1873-5967</idno><imprint><date when="2009" type="published">2009</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Birds</term><term>Horses</term><term>Humans</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype (classification)</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype (genetics)</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype (isolation & purification)</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype (classification)</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype (genetics)</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype (isolation & purification)</term><term>Influenza in Birds (virology)</term><term>Influenza, Human (diagnosis)</term><term>Influenza, Human (virology)</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae (classification)</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae (genetics)</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae (isolation & purification)</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae Infections (veterinary)</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae Infections (virology)</term><term>Polymerase Chain Reaction (methods)</term><term>Sensitivity and Specificity</term><term>Swine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Equus caballus</term><term>Grippe chez les oiseaux (virologie)</term><term>Grippe humaine (diagnostic)</term><term>Grippe humaine (virologie)</term><term>Humains</term><term>Infections à Orthomyxoviridae (médecine vétérinaire)</term><term>Infections à Orthomyxoviridae (virologie)</term><term>Oiseaux</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae ()</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae (génétique)</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae (isolement et purification)</term><term>Réaction de polymérisation en chaîne ()</term><term>Sensibilité et spécificité</term><term>Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A ()</term><term>Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A (génétique)</term><term>Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A (isolement et purification)</term><term>Sous-type H5N1 du virus de la grippe A ()</term><term>Sous-type H5N1 du virus de la grippe A (génétique)</term><term>Sous-type H5N1 du virus de la grippe A (isolement et purification)</term><term>Suidae</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="classification" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza, Human</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnostic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Grippe humaine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Orthomyxoviridae</term><term>Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A</term><term>Sous-type H5N1 du virus de la grippe A</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolement et purification" xml:lang="fr"><term>Orthomyxoviridae</term><term>Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A</term><term>Sous-type H5N1 du virus de la grippe A</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Polymerase Chain Reaction</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="médecine vétérinaire" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à Orthomyxoviridae</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="veterinary" xml:lang="en"><term>Orthomyxoviridae Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Grippe chez les oiseaux</term><term>Grippe humaine</term><term>Infections à Orthomyxoviridae</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza in Birds</term><term>Influenza, Human</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Birds</term><term>Horses</term><term>Humans</term><term>Sensitivity and Specificity</term><term>Swine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Equus caballus</term><term>Humains</term><term>Oiseaux</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae</term><term>Réaction de polymérisation en chaîne</term><term>Sensibilité et spécificité</term><term>Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A</term><term>Sous-type H5N1 du virus de la grippe A</term><term>Suidae</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Since the turn of the century seven new respiratory viruses have infected man and two of these have resulted in worldwide epidemics. Both SARS Coronavirus which quickly spread to 29 countries in February 2003 and H1N1 swine influenza that recently spread from Mexico to 30 countries in three weeks represent major pandemic threats for mankind. Diagnostic assays are required to detect novel influenza strains with pandemic potential.</div></front></TEI></pubmed></double></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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