Comparison of Sexual Risky Factors of Men Who Have Sex With Men and Sex-buying Men as Groups Vulnerable to Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Identifieur interne : 002714 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 002713; suivant : 002715Comparison of Sexual Risky Factors of Men Who Have Sex With Men and Sex-buying Men as Groups Vulnerable to Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Auteurs : Minsoo Jung [Corée du Sud] ; Joongyub Lee [Corée du Sud] ; Dong Seok Kwon [Corée du Sud] ; Byung-Joo Park [Corée du Sud]Source :
- Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health [ 1975-8375 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
It is necessary to examine groups carrying out sexually risky behavior because the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is high among them. In this study, the prevalence of STDs among homosexuals and sex-buying men in South Korea was investigated, along with their sexual risk factors.
Men who have sex with men (MSMs, n=108) were recruited in Seoul and Busan by applying the time location sampling method, while sex-buying men (n=118) were recruited from a john school in Gyeonggi province, the suburbs of Seoul. Dependent variables included past or present infection with syphilis, Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and human immunodeficiency virus. Independent variables included health behavior, social support, sexual behavior, and safe sex.
It was found that when the MSMs were non-drunk while having sexual intercourse (odds ratio [OR], 0.132), they showed a higher STD infection rate when they had a higher number of anal sex partners (OR, 5.872), rarely used condoms (OR, 1.980), had lower self-efficacy (OR, 0.229), and were more anxious about becoming infected with an STD (OR, 3.723). However, the men who paid for sex showed high STD infections when they had more sex partners (OR, 2.286) and lower education levels (OR, 3.028).
STD infections among the two groups were high when they were engaged with many sex partners and not having protected sex. In other words, there was a gap in risky sex behavior within such groups, which was significantly related to the possibility of developing an STD. Therefore, the preventive intervention against STDs for these groups needs to be expanded to include management of sex behaviors.
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DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.2012.45.3.156
PubMed: 22712042
PubMed Central: 3374965
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Comparison of Sexual Risky Factors of Men Who Have Sex With Men and Sex-buying Men as Groups Vulnerable to Sexually Transmitted Diseases</title><author><name sortKey="Jung, Minsoo" sort="Jung, Minsoo" uniqKey="Jung M" first="Minsoo" last="Jung">Minsoo Jung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Health Science Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Health Science Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">The Institute for Social Development and Policy Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>The Institute for Social Development and Policy Research, Seoul National University, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Joongyub" sort="Lee, Joongyub" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Joongyub" last="Lee">Joongyub Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kwon, Dong Seok" sort="Kwon, Dong Seok" uniqKey="Kwon D" first="Dong Seok" last="Kwon">Dong Seok Kwon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">Korea Federation for HIV/AIDS Prevention, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Korea Federation for HIV/AIDS Prevention, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Byung Joo" sort="Park, Byung Joo" uniqKey="Park B" first="Byung-Joo" last="Park">Byung-Joo Park</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">22712042</idno><idno type="pmc">3374965</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3374965</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3374965</idno><idno type="doi">10.3961/jpmph.2012.45.3.156</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002715</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002715</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002714</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002714</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Comparison of Sexual Risky Factors of Men Who Have Sex With Men and Sex-buying Men as Groups Vulnerable to Sexually Transmitted Diseases</title><author><name sortKey="Jung, Minsoo" sort="Jung, Minsoo" uniqKey="Jung M" first="Minsoo" last="Jung">Minsoo Jung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Health Science Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Health Science Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">The Institute for Social Development and Policy Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>The Institute for Social Development and Policy Research, Seoul National University, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Joongyub" sort="Lee, Joongyub" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Joongyub" last="Lee">Joongyub Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kwon, Dong Seok" sort="Kwon, Dong Seok" uniqKey="Kwon D" first="Dong Seok" last="Kwon">Dong Seok Kwon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">Korea Federation for HIV/AIDS Prevention, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Korea Federation for HIV/AIDS Prevention, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Byung Joo" sort="Park, Byung Joo" uniqKey="Park B" first="Byung-Joo" last="Park">Byung-Joo Park</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health</title><idno type="ISSN">1975-8375</idno><idno type="eISSN">2233-4521</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>It is necessary to examine groups carrying out sexually risky behavior because the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is high among them. In this study, the prevalence of STDs among homosexuals and sex-buying men in South Korea was investigated, along with their sexual risk factors.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Men who have sex with men (MSMs, n=108) were recruited in Seoul and Busan by applying the time location sampling method, while sex-buying men (n=118) were recruited from a john school in Gyeonggi province, the suburbs of Seoul. Dependent variables included past or present infection with syphilis, Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and human immunodeficiency virus. Independent variables included health behavior, social support, sexual behavior, and safe sex.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>It was found that when the MSMs were non-drunk while having sexual intercourse (odds ratio [OR], 0.132), they showed a higher STD infection rate when they had a higher number of anal sex partners (OR, 5.872), rarely used condoms (OR, 1.980), had lower self-efficacy (OR, 0.229), and were more anxious about becoming infected with an STD (OR, 3.723). However, the men who paid for sex showed high STD infections when they had more sex partners (OR, 2.286) and lower education levels (OR, 3.028).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>STD infections among the two groups were high when they were engaged with many sex partners and not having protected sex. In other words, there was a gap in risky sex behavior within such groups, which was significantly related to the possibility of developing an STD. Therefore, the preventive intervention against STDs for these groups needs to be expanded to include management of sex behaviors.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Workowski, Ka" uniqKey="Workowski K">KA Workowski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Berman, S" uniqKey="Berman S">S Berman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Johnston, Lg" uniqKey="Johnston L">LG Johnston</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sabin, K" uniqKey="Sabin K">K Sabin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mai, Th" uniqKey="Mai T">TH Mai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pham, Th" uniqKey="Pham T">TH Pham</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cho, Bh" uniqKey="Cho B">BH Cho</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Laumann, Eo" uniqKey="Laumann E">EO Laumann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gagnon, Jh" uniqKey="Gagnon J">JH Gagnon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Michael, Rt" uniqKey="Michael R">RT Michael</name></author><author><name sortKey="Michaels, S" uniqKey="Michaels S">S Michaels</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aral, So" uniqKey="Aral S">SO Aral</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lipshutz, Ja" uniqKey="Lipshutz J">JA Lipshutz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Douglas, Jm" uniqKey="Douglas J">JM Douglas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Scorgie, F" uniqKey="Scorgie F">F Scorgie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chersich, Mf" uniqKey="Chersich M">MF Chersich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ntaganira, I" uniqKey="Ntaganira I">I Ntaganira</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gerbase, A" uniqKey="Gerbase A">A Gerbase</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lule, F" uniqKey="Lule F">F Lule</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lo, Yr" uniqKey="Lo Y">YR Lo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Youm, Y" uniqKey="Youm Y">Y Youm</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mackesy Amiti, Me" uniqKey="Mackesy Amiti M">ME Mackesy-Amiti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, Ct" uniqKey="Williams C">CT Williams</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ouellet, Lj" uniqKey="Ouellet L">LJ Ouellet</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jung, M" uniqKey="Jung M">M Jung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Choi, M" uniqKey="Choi M">M Choi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Weitzer, R" uniqKey="Weitzer R">R Weitzer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brockerhoff, M" uniqKey="Brockerhoff M">M Brockerhoff</name></author><author><name sortKey="Biddlecom, Ae" uniqKey="Biddlecom A">AE Biddlecom</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Muhib, Fb" uniqKey="Muhib F">FB Muhib</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, Ls" uniqKey="Lin L">LS Lin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stueve, A" uniqKey="Stueve A">A Stueve</name></author><author><name sortKey="Miller, Rl" uniqKey="Miller R">RL Miller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ford, Wl" uniqKey="Ford W">WL Ford</name></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Wd" uniqKey="Johnson W">WD Johnson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Semaan, S" uniqKey="Semaan S">S Semaan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lauby, J" uniqKey="Lauby J">J Lauby</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liebman, J" uniqKey="Liebman J">J Liebman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Basen Engquist, K" uniqKey="Basen Engquist K">K Basen-Engquist</name></author><author><name sortKey="Masse, Lc" uniqKey="Masse L">LC Masse</name></author><author><name sortKey="Coyle, K" uniqKey="Coyle K">K Coyle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kirby, D" uniqKey="Kirby D">D Kirby</name></author><author><name sortKey="Parcel, Gs" uniqKey="Parcel G">GS Parcel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Banspach, S" uniqKey="Banspach S">S Banspach</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jiang, J" uniqKey="Jiang J">J Jiang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cao, N" uniqKey="Cao N">N Cao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, J" uniqKey="Zhang J">J Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xia, Q" uniqKey="Xia Q">Q Xia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gong, X" uniqKey="Gong X">X Gong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xue, H" uniqKey="Xue H">H Xue</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Azim, T" uniqKey="Azim T">T Azim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Islam, Mn" uniqKey="Islam M">MN Islam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bogaerts, J" uniqKey="Bogaerts J">J Bogaerts</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mian, Ma" uniqKey="Mian M">MA Mian</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sarker, Ms" uniqKey="Sarker M">MS Sarker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fattah, Kr" uniqKey="Fattah K">KR Fattah</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lee, Sj" uniqKey="Lee S">SJ Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ha, Us" uniqKey="Ha U">US Ha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Sw" uniqKey="Kim S">SW Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cho, Yh" uniqKey="Cho Y">YH Cho</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yoon, Ms" uniqKey="Yoon M">MS Yoon</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kim, O" uniqKey="Kim O">O Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Ss" uniqKey="Kim S">SS Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Ms" uniqKey="Park M">MS Park</name></author><author><name sortKey="Suh, Sd" uniqKey="Suh S">SD Suh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Mw" uniqKey="Lee M">MW Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Ks" uniqKey="Kim K">KS Kim</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Poon, An" uniqKey="Poon A">AN Poon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Z" uniqKey="Li Z">Z Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, N" uniqKey="Wang N">N Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hong, Y" uniqKey="Hong Y">Y Hong</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Prev Med Public Health</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Prev Med Public Health</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JPMPH</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1975-8375</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2233-4521</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22712042</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3374965</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3961/jpmph.2012.45.3.156</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Comparison of Sexual Risky Factors of Men Who Have Sex With Men and Sex-buying Men as Groups Vulnerable to Sexually Transmitted Diseases</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jung</surname><given-names>Minsoo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>Joongyub</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kwon</surname><given-names>Dong Seok</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>Byung-Joo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Health Science Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>The Institute for Social Development and Policy Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.</aff><aff id="A4"><label>4</label>Korea Federation for HIV/AIDS Prevention, Seoul, Korea.</aff><aff id="A5"><label>5</label>Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.</aff><author-notes><corresp>Corresponding author: Byung-Joo Park, MD, PhD. 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea. Tel: +82-2-740-8325, Fax: +82-2-747-4830, <email>bjpark@snu.ac.kr</email></corresp><fn id="FN1" fn-type="current-aff"><p><sup>*</sup>Current affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>5</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>5</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>45</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>156</fpage><lpage>163</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>31</day><month>8</month><year>2011</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>09</day><month>11</month><year>2011</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2012 The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</ext-link>) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>It is necessary to examine groups carrying out sexually risky behavior because the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is high among them. In this study, the prevalence of STDs among homosexuals and sex-buying men in South Korea was investigated, along with their sexual risk factors.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Men who have sex with men (MSMs, n=108) were recruited in Seoul and Busan by applying the time location sampling method, while sex-buying men (n=118) were recruited from a john school in Gyeonggi province, the suburbs of Seoul. Dependent variables included past or present infection with syphilis, Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and human immunodeficiency virus. Independent variables included health behavior, social support, sexual behavior, and safe sex.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>It was found that when the MSMs were non-drunk while having sexual intercourse (odds ratio [OR], 0.132), they showed a higher STD infection rate when they had a higher number of anal sex partners (OR, 5.872), rarely used condoms (OR, 1.980), had lower self-efficacy (OR, 0.229), and were more anxious about becoming infected with an STD (OR, 3.723). However, the men who paid for sex showed high STD infections when they had more sex partners (OR, 2.286) and lower education levels (OR, 3.028).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>STD infections among the two groups were high when they were engaged with many sex partners and not having protected sex. In other words, there was a gap in risky sex behavior within such groups, which was significantly related to the possibility of developing an STD. Therefore, the preventive intervention against STDs for these groups needs to be expanded to include management of sex behaviors.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Sexually transmitted diseases</kwd><kwd>Sexual behavior</kwd><kwd>Homosexuality</kwd><kwd>Prostitution</kwd><kwd>Korea</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><table-wrap id="T1" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>General characteristics of the sample (n, %)</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jpmph-45-156-i001"></graphic><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>Missing and non-response items are excluded.</p><p>MSMs, men who have sex with men; SBMs, sex-buying men; NA, not applicable; ns, not significant; STD, sexually transmitted disease.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T2" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among MSMs and SBMs</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jpmph-45-156-i002"></graphic><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>MSMs, men who have sex with men; SBMs, sex-buying men; NA, not applicable; TP-PA, treponema pallidum antibodies; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; STD, sexually transmitted disease.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T3" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Sexual risk factors of present and past infection with sexually transmitted disease among MSMs and SBMs</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jpmph-45-156-i003"></graphic><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>MSMs, men who have sex with men; SBMs, sex-buying men; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; STD, sexually transmitted disease.</p><p><sup>†</sup><italic>p</italic> < 0.1, <sup>*</sup><italic>p</italic> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><italic>p</italic> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><italic>p</italic> % 0.001.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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