Evidence of injection drug use in Kisumu, Kenya: Implications for HIV prevention
Identifieur interne : 001B65 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 001B64; suivant : 001B66Evidence of injection drug use in Kisumu, Kenya: Implications for HIV prevention
Auteurs : Jennifer L. Syvertsen ; Kawango Agot ; Spala Ohaga ; Steffanie A. Strathdee ; Carol S. Camlin ; Eunice Omanga ; Petronilla Odonde ; Grace Rota ; Kelvin Akoth ; Juan Peng ; Karla D. WagnerSource :
- Drug and alcohol dependence [ 0376-8716 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Injection drug use is increasingly contributing to the HIV epidemic across sub-Saharan Africa. This paper provides the first descriptive analysis of injection drug use in western Kenya, where HIV prevalence is already highest in the nation at 15.1%.
We draw on quantitative data from a study of injection drug use in Kisumu, Kenya. We generated descriptive statistics on socio-demographics, sexual characteristics, and drug-related behaviors. Logistic regression models were adjusted for sex to identify correlates of self-reported HIV positive status.
Of 151 participants, mean age was 28.8 years, 84% (n=127) were male, and overall self-reported HIV prevalence reached 19.4%. Women had greater than four times the odds of being HIV positive relative to men (Odds Ratio [OR] 4.5, CI: 1.7, 11.8, p=.003). Controlling for sex, ever experiencing STI symptoms (Adjusted Odds ratio [AOR] 4.6, 95% CI 1.7, 12.0, p=.002) and sharing needles or syringes due to lack of access (AOR 3.6, 95% CI 1.2, 10.5, p=.02) were significantly associated with HIV positive status. Lower education (AOR 2.3, 95% CI 0.9, 5.6, p=.08), trading sex for drugs (AOR 2.8, 95% CI 0.9, 8.8, p=.08), being injected by a peddler (AOR 2.9, 95% CI 1.0, 8.5, p=.05), and injecting heroin (AOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.0, 5.7, p=.06), were marginally associated with HIV.
This exploratory study identified patterns of unsafe drug injection and concurrent sexual risk in western Kenya, yet few resources are currently available to address addiction or injection-related harm. Expanded research, surveillance, and gender sensitive programming are needed.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.02.037
PubMed: 25861945
PubMed Central: 4447587
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Evidence of injection drug use in Kisumu, Kenya: Implications for HIV prevention</title><author><name sortKey="Syvertsen, Jennifer L" sort="Syvertsen, Jennifer L" uniqKey="Syvertsen J" first="Jennifer L." last="Syvertsen">Jennifer L. Syvertsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, 4046 Smith Laboratory, 174 W. 18th Ave. Columbus, OH 43210-1106 USA, phone: +1 614-247-6815, fax: +1 614-292-4155</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agot, Kawango" sort="Agot, Kawango" uniqKey="Agot K" first="Kawango" last="Agot">Kawango Agot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Impact Research and Development Organization, P.O. Box 9171-40141, Kisumu, Kenya</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ohaga, Spala" sort="Ohaga, Spala" uniqKey="Ohaga S" first="Spala" last="Ohaga">Spala Ohaga</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Impact Research and Development Organization, P.O. Box 9171-40141, Kisumu, Kenya</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strathdee, Steffanie A" sort="Strathdee, Steffanie A" uniqKey="Strathdee S" first="Steffanie A." last="Strathdee">Steffanie A. Strathdee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Division of Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, Central Research Services Facility (CRSF), La Jolla, CA, 92093-0507, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Camlin, Carol S" sort="Camlin, Carol S" uniqKey="Camlin C" first="Carol S." last="Camlin">Carol S. Camlin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences and Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California at San Francisco, 550 16th St., 3rd Floor [UCSF Mailcode 1224], San Francisco, CA 94158-2549 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Omanga, Eunice" sort="Omanga, Eunice" uniqKey="Omanga E" first="Eunice" last="Omanga">Eunice Omanga</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Impact Research and Development Organization, P.O. Box 9171-40141, Kisumu, Kenya</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Odonde, Petronilla" sort="Odonde, Petronilla" uniqKey="Odonde P" first="Petronilla" last="Odonde">Petronilla Odonde</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Impact Research and Development Organization, P.O. Box 9171-40141, Kisumu, Kenya</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rota, Grace" sort="Rota, Grace" uniqKey="Rota G" first="Grace" last="Rota">Grace Rota</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 614-40100, Kisumu, Kenya</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Akoth, Kelvin" sort="Akoth, Kelvin" uniqKey="Akoth K" first="Kelvin" last="Akoth">Kelvin Akoth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 614-40100, Kisumu, Kenya</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peng, Juan" sort="Peng, Juan" uniqKey="Peng J" first="Juan" last="Peng">Juan Peng</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, 2012 Kenny Road, Columbus, Ohio, 43221 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Karla D" sort="Wagner, Karla D" uniqKey="Wagner K" first="Karla D." last="Wagner">Karla D. Wagner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St. MS 0274, Reno, NV 89557 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25861945</idno><idno type="pmc">4447587</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4447587</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4447587</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.02.037</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001B65</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001B65</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Evidence of injection drug use in Kisumu, Kenya: Implications for HIV prevention</title><author><name sortKey="Syvertsen, Jennifer L" sort="Syvertsen, Jennifer L" uniqKey="Syvertsen J" first="Jennifer L." last="Syvertsen">Jennifer L. Syvertsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, 4046 Smith Laboratory, 174 W. 18th Ave. Columbus, OH 43210-1106 USA, phone: +1 614-247-6815, fax: +1 614-292-4155</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agot, Kawango" sort="Agot, Kawango" uniqKey="Agot K" first="Kawango" last="Agot">Kawango Agot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Impact Research and Development Organization, P.O. Box 9171-40141, Kisumu, Kenya</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ohaga, Spala" sort="Ohaga, Spala" uniqKey="Ohaga S" first="Spala" last="Ohaga">Spala Ohaga</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Impact Research and Development Organization, P.O. Box 9171-40141, Kisumu, Kenya</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strathdee, Steffanie A" sort="Strathdee, Steffanie A" uniqKey="Strathdee S" first="Steffanie A." last="Strathdee">Steffanie A. Strathdee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Division of Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, Central Research Services Facility (CRSF), La Jolla, CA, 92093-0507, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Camlin, Carol S" sort="Camlin, Carol S" uniqKey="Camlin C" first="Carol S." last="Camlin">Carol S. Camlin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences and Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California at San Francisco, 550 16th St., 3rd Floor [UCSF Mailcode 1224], San Francisco, CA 94158-2549 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Omanga, Eunice" sort="Omanga, Eunice" uniqKey="Omanga E" first="Eunice" last="Omanga">Eunice Omanga</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Impact Research and Development Organization, P.O. Box 9171-40141, Kisumu, Kenya</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Odonde, Petronilla" sort="Odonde, Petronilla" uniqKey="Odonde P" first="Petronilla" last="Odonde">Petronilla Odonde</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Impact Research and Development Organization, P.O. Box 9171-40141, Kisumu, Kenya</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rota, Grace" sort="Rota, Grace" uniqKey="Rota G" first="Grace" last="Rota">Grace Rota</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 614-40100, Kisumu, Kenya</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Akoth, Kelvin" sort="Akoth, Kelvin" uniqKey="Akoth K" first="Kelvin" last="Akoth">Kelvin Akoth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 614-40100, Kisumu, Kenya</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peng, Juan" sort="Peng, Juan" uniqKey="Peng J" first="Juan" last="Peng">Juan Peng</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, 2012 Kenny Road, Columbus, Ohio, 43221 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Karla D" sort="Wagner, Karla D" uniqKey="Wagner K" first="Karla D." last="Wagner">Karla D. Wagner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St. MS 0274, Reno, NV 89557 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Drug and alcohol dependence</title><idno type="ISSN">0376-8716</idno><idno type="eISSN">1879-0046</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="S1"><title>Background</title><p id="P1">Injection drug use is increasingly contributing to the HIV epidemic across sub-Saharan Africa. This paper provides the first descriptive analysis of injection drug use in western Kenya, where HIV prevalence is already highest in the nation at 15.1%.</p></sec><sec id="S2"><title>Methods</title><p id="P2">We draw on quantitative data from a study of injection drug use in Kisumu, Kenya. We generated descriptive statistics on socio-demographics, sexual characteristics, and drug-related behaviors. Logistic regression models were adjusted for sex to identify correlates of self-reported HIV positive status.</p></sec><sec id="S3"><title>Results</title><p id="P3">Of 151 participants, mean age was 28.8 years, 84% (n=127) were male, and overall self-reported HIV prevalence reached 19.4%. Women had greater than four times the odds of being HIV positive relative to men (Odds Ratio [OR] 4.5, CI: 1.7, 11.8, p=.003). Controlling for sex, ever experiencing STI symptoms (Adjusted Odds ratio [AOR] 4.6, 95% CI 1.7, 12.0, p=.002) and sharing needles or syringes due to lack of access (AOR 3.6, 95% CI 1.2, 10.5, p=.02) were significantly associated with HIV positive status. Lower education (AOR 2.3, 95% CI 0.9, 5.6, p=.08), trading sex for drugs (AOR 2.8, 95% CI 0.9, 8.8, p=.08), being injected by a peddler (AOR 2.9, 95% CI 1.0, 8.5, p=.05), and injecting heroin (AOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.0, 5.7, p=.06), were marginally associated with HIV.</p></sec><sec id="S4"><title>Conclusions</title><p id="P4">This exploratory study identified patterns of unsafe drug injection and concurrent sexual risk in western Kenya, yet few resources are currently available to address addiction or injection-related harm. Expanded research, surveillance, and gender sensitive programming are needed.</p></sec></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">7513587</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">3445</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Drug Alcohol Depend</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Drug Alcohol Depend</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Drug and alcohol dependence</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0376-8716</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1879-0046</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25861945</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4447587</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.02.037</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS672108</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Evidence of injection drug use in Kisumu, Kenya: Implications for HIV prevention</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Syvertsen</surname><given-names>Jennifer L.</given-names></name><email>Syvertsen.1@osu.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">a</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Agot</surname><given-names>Kawango</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">b</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ohaga</surname><given-names>Spala</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">b</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Strathdee</surname><given-names>Steffanie A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">c</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Camlin</surname><given-names>Carol S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">d</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Omanga</surname><given-names>Eunice</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">b</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Odonde</surname><given-names>Petronilla</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">b</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rota</surname><given-names>Grace</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">e</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Akoth</surname><given-names>Kelvin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">e</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peng</surname><given-names>Juan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">f</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wagner</surname><given-names>Karla D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">g</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>a</label>Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, 4046 Smith Laboratory, 174 W. 18th Ave. Columbus, OH 43210-1106 USA, phone: +1 614-247-6815, fax: +1 614-292-4155</aff><aff id="A2"><label>b</label>Impact Research and Development Organization, P.O. Box 9171-40141, Kisumu, Kenya</aff><aff id="A3"><label>c</label>Division of Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, Central Research Services Facility (CRSF), La Jolla, CA, 92093-0507, USA</aff><aff id="A4"><label>d</label>Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences and Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California at San Francisco, 550 16th St., 3rd Floor [UCSF Mailcode 1224], San Francisco, CA 94158-2549 USA</aff><aff id="A5"><label>e</label>Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 614-40100, Kisumu, Kenya</aff><aff id="A6"><label>f</label>Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, 2012 Kenny Road, Columbus, Ohio, 43221 USA</aff><aff id="A7"><label>g</label>School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St. MS 0274, Reno, NV 89557 USA</aff><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>22</day><month>4</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>3</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>1</day><month>6</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>01</day><month>6</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>151</volume><fpage>262</fpage><lpage>266</lpage><pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.02.037</pmc-comment>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year></permissions><abstract><sec id="S1"><title>Background</title><p id="P1">Injection drug use is increasingly contributing to the HIV epidemic across sub-Saharan Africa. This paper provides the first descriptive analysis of injection drug use in western Kenya, where HIV prevalence is already highest in the nation at 15.1%.</p></sec><sec id="S2"><title>Methods</title><p id="P2">We draw on quantitative data from a study of injection drug use in Kisumu, Kenya. We generated descriptive statistics on socio-demographics, sexual characteristics, and drug-related behaviors. Logistic regression models were adjusted for sex to identify correlates of self-reported HIV positive status.</p></sec><sec id="S3"><title>Results</title><p id="P3">Of 151 participants, mean age was 28.8 years, 84% (n=127) were male, and overall self-reported HIV prevalence reached 19.4%. Women had greater than four times the odds of being HIV positive relative to men (Odds Ratio [OR] 4.5, CI: 1.7, 11.8, p=.003). Controlling for sex, ever experiencing STI symptoms (Adjusted Odds ratio [AOR] 4.6, 95% CI 1.7, 12.0, p=.002) and sharing needles or syringes due to lack of access (AOR 3.6, 95% CI 1.2, 10.5, p=.02) were significantly associated with HIV positive status. Lower education (AOR 2.3, 95% CI 0.9, 5.6, p=.08), trading sex for drugs (AOR 2.8, 95% CI 0.9, 8.8, p=.08), being injected by a peddler (AOR 2.9, 95% CI 1.0, 8.5, p=.05), and injecting heroin (AOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.0, 5.7, p=.06), were marginally associated with HIV.</p></sec><sec id="S4"><title>Conclusions</title><p id="P4">This exploratory study identified patterns of unsafe drug injection and concurrent sexual risk in western Kenya, yet few resources are currently available to address addiction or injection-related harm. Expanded research, surveillance, and gender sensitive programming are needed.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>heroin</kwd><kwd>sub-Saharan Africa</kwd><kwd>gender</kwd><kwd>sexual risk</kwd><kwd>harm reduction</kwd><kwd>HIV interventions</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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