Sexual risk behaviors among youth heads of household in Gikongoro, south province of Rwanda
Identifieur interne : 001C56 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 001C55; suivant : 001C57Sexual risk behaviors among youth heads of household in Gikongoro, south province of Rwanda
Auteurs : Joseph Ntaganira [Rwanda] ; Laura J. Hass [Rwanda] ; Sheila Hosner [Rwanda] ; Lisanne Brown [États-Unis] ; Nancy B. Mock [Rwanda, États-Unis]Source :
- BMC Public Health [ 1471-2458 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
As a result of the 1994 genocide and AIDS, Rwanda has a crisis of orphans. In 2005, the Ministry of Local Governance and Social Affairs of Rwanda has reported one million vulnerable children. Many of these are not only orphans but also youth heads of households (YHH). The purpose of this study was to: (a) identify risk behaviors that expose YHH to HIV infection, (b) determine gender-specific high risk profiles and, (c) determine predictors of sexual onset.
A household survey was conducted among 692 YHH, aged 12-24, all beneficiaries of a World Vision basic needs program in Gikongoro, Rwanda, from January to March 2004. Participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Data was collected on socio-demographic variables, HIV/AIDS prevention knowledge and sexual risk behaviors. Bivariate analyses of the study variables were performed to examine differences between males and females. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze factors that were independently associated with the debut of having sex.
Forty-one percent of respondents reported sexual onset before age 15. Males were more likely to start earlier than females (50.4% versus 26.7%) but females reported more sexual onset with an older partner. Fifty-eight percent of females had their first intercourse with a partner who was four or more years older than themselves. While sexual activity was low (1.75 mean lifetime sexual partner, 0.45 mean sexual partner last twelve months), sexual experience was related to less social connectedness and use of drugs. Having a close friend also appeared to be protective for sexual debut. The analysis also found that although YHH were aware of some prevention measures against HIV/AIDS, there was low (19.8%) knowledge of the "ABC" prevention program promoted by the government. In addition, despite 85% of respondents knowing someone who had died of AIDS, only 31% perceived themselves at risk of HIV infection, and there was very low (13.2%) condom use among the sexually experienced.
Results suggest the urgent need of HIV prevention programs tailored to YHH that provide knowledge, enhance negotiations skills, and increase the perception of HIV infection risk among YHH in Rwanda.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-225
PubMed: 22439985
PubMed Central: 3328255
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Hass</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Tulane University, Rwanda Country Office, No. 22 Avenue des Grands Lacs, B.P. 5266 Kiyovu, Kigali, Rwanda</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country><wicri:regionArea>Tulane University, Rwanda Country Office, No. 22 Avenue des Grands Lacs, B.P. 5266 Kiyovu, Kigali</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kigali</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hosner, Sheila" sort="Hosner, Sheila" uniqKey="Hosner S" first="Sheila" last="Hosner">Sheila Hosner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Tulane University, Rwanda Country Office, No. 22 Avenue des Grands Lacs, B.P. 5266 Kiyovu, Kigali, Rwanda</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country><wicri:regionArea>Tulane University, Rwanda Country Office, No. 22 Avenue des Grands Lacs, B.P. 5266 Kiyovu, Kigali</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kigali</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brown, Lisanne" sort="Brown, Lisanne" uniqKey="Brown L" first="Lisanne" last="Brown">Lisanne Brown</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of International Health and Development, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2200, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of International Health and Development, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2200, New Orleans, LA 70112</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Louisiane</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mock, Nancy B" sort="Mock, Nancy B" uniqKey="Mock N" first="Nancy B" last="Mock">Nancy B. 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Hass</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Tulane University, Rwanda Country Office, No. 22 Avenue des Grands Lacs, B.P. 5266 Kiyovu, Kigali, Rwanda</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country><wicri:regionArea>Tulane University, Rwanda Country Office, No. 22 Avenue des Grands Lacs, B.P. 5266 Kiyovu, Kigali</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kigali</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hosner, Sheila" sort="Hosner, Sheila" uniqKey="Hosner S" first="Sheila" last="Hosner">Sheila Hosner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Tulane University, Rwanda Country Office, No. 22 Avenue des Grands Lacs, B.P. 5266 Kiyovu, Kigali, Rwanda</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country><wicri:regionArea>Tulane University, Rwanda Country Office, No. 22 Avenue des Grands Lacs, B.P. 5266 Kiyovu, Kigali</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kigali</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brown, Lisanne" sort="Brown, Lisanne" uniqKey="Brown L" first="Lisanne" last="Brown">Lisanne Brown</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of International Health and Development, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2200, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of International Health and Development, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2200, New Orleans, LA 70112</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Louisiane</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mock, Nancy B" sort="Mock, Nancy B" uniqKey="Mock N" first="Nancy B" last="Mock">Nancy B. Mock</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Tulane University, Rwanda Country Office, No. 22 Avenue des Grands Lacs, B.P. 5266 Kiyovu, Kigali, Rwanda</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Rwanda</country><wicri:regionArea>Tulane University, Rwanda Country Office, No. 22 Avenue des Grands Lacs, B.P. 5266 Kiyovu, Kigali</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kigali</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of International Health and Development, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2200, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of International Health and Development, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2200, New Orleans, LA 70112</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Louisiane</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BMC Public Health</title><idno type="eISSN">1471-2458</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>As a result of the 1994 genocide and AIDS, Rwanda has a crisis of orphans. In 2005, the Ministry of Local Governance and Social Affairs of Rwanda has reported one million vulnerable children. Many of these are not only orphans but also youth heads of households (YHH). The purpose of this study was to: (a) identify risk behaviors that expose YHH to HIV infection, (b) determine gender-specific high risk profiles and, (c) determine predictors of sexual onset.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>A household survey was conducted among 692 YHH, aged 12-24, all beneficiaries of a World Vision basic needs program in Gikongoro, Rwanda, from January to March 2004. Participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Data was collected on socio-demographic variables, HIV/AIDS prevention knowledge and sexual risk behaviors. Bivariate analyses of the study variables were performed to examine differences between males and females. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze factors that were independently associated with the debut of having sex.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Forty-one percent of respondents reported sexual onset before age 15. Males were more likely to start earlier than females (50.4% versus 26.7%) but females reported more sexual onset with an older partner. Fifty-eight percent of females had their first intercourse with a partner who was four or more years older than themselves. While sexual activity was low (1.75 mean lifetime sexual partner, 0.45 mean sexual partner last twelve months), sexual experience was related to less social connectedness and use of drugs. Having a close friend also appeared to be protective for sexual debut. The analysis also found that although YHH were aware of some prevention measures against HIV/AIDS, there was low (19.8%) knowledge of the "ABC" prevention program promoted by the government. In addition, despite 85% of respondents knowing someone who had died of AIDS, only 31% perceived themselves at risk of HIV infection, and there was very low (13.2%) condom use among the sexually experienced.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Results suggest the urgent need of HIV prevention programs tailored to YHH that provide knowledge, enhance negotiations skills, and increase the perception of HIV infection risk among YHH in Rwanda.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Deininger, K" uniqKey="Deininger K">K Deininger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia, M" uniqKey="Garcia M">M Garcia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Subbarao, K" uniqKey="Subbarao K">K Subbarao</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kirby, Db" uniqKey="Kirby D">DB Kirby</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laris, Ba" 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">BMC Public Health</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">BMC Public Health</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>BMC Public Health</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1471-2458</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BioMed Central</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22439985</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3328255</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1471-2458-12-225</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/1471-2458-12-225</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Sexual risk behaviors among youth heads of household in Gikongoro, south province of Rwanda</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes" id="A1"><name><surname>Ntaganira</surname><given-names>Joseph</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>jntaganira@yahoo.com</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes" id="A2"><name><surname>Hass</surname><given-names>Laura J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2">2</xref><email>lhaas@tulanerw.org</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes" id="A3"><name><surname>Hosner</surname><given-names>Sheila</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2">2</xref><email>shosner@tulanerw.org</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes" id="A4"><name><surname>Brown</surname><given-names>Lisanne</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3">3</xref><email>br71365@tulane.edu</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes" id="A5"><name><surname>Mock</surname><given-names>Nancy B</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3">3</xref><email>mock@tulane.edu</email></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><label>1</label>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National University of Rwanda, School of Public Health, B.P. 5229 Kicukiro, Kigali, Rwanda</aff><aff id="I2"><label>2</label>Tulane University, Rwanda Country Office, No. 22 Avenue des Grands Lacs, B.P. 5266 Kiyovu, Kigali, Rwanda</aff><aff id="I3"><label>3</label>Department of International Health and Development, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2200, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA</aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>3</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><fpage>225</fpage><lpage>225</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>18</day><month>3</month><year>2011</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>22</day><month>3</month><year>2012</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright ©2012 Ntaganira et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Ntaganira et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0</ext-link>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/12/225"></self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Background</title><p>As a result of the 1994 genocide and AIDS, Rwanda has a crisis of orphans. In 2005, the Ministry of Local Governance and Social Affairs of Rwanda has reported one million vulnerable children. Many of these are not only orphans but also youth heads of households (YHH). The purpose of this study was to: (a) identify risk behaviors that expose YHH to HIV infection, (b) determine gender-specific high risk profiles and, (c) determine predictors of sexual onset.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>A household survey was conducted among 692 YHH, aged 12-24, all beneficiaries of a World Vision basic needs program in Gikongoro, Rwanda, from January to March 2004. Participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Data was collected on socio-demographic variables, HIV/AIDS prevention knowledge and sexual risk behaviors. Bivariate analyses of the study variables were performed to examine differences between males and females. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze factors that were independently associated with the debut of having sex.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Forty-one percent of respondents reported sexual onset before age 15. Males were more likely to start earlier than females (50.4% versus 26.7%) but females reported more sexual onset with an older partner. Fifty-eight percent of females had their first intercourse with a partner who was four or more years older than themselves. While sexual activity was low (1.75 mean lifetime sexual partner, 0.45 mean sexual partner last twelve months), sexual experience was related to less social connectedness and use of drugs. Having a close friend also appeared to be protective for sexual debut. The analysis also found that although YHH were aware of some prevention measures against HIV/AIDS, there was low (19.8%) knowledge of the "ABC" prevention program promoted by the government. In addition, despite 85% of respondents knowing someone who had died of AIDS, only 31% perceived themselves at risk of HIV infection, and there was very low (13.2%) condom use among the sexually experienced.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Results suggest the urgent need of HIV prevention programs tailored to YHH that provide knowledge, enhance negotiations skills, and increase the perception of HIV infection risk among YHH in Rwanda.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Youth Heads of Household</kwd><kwd>HIV/AIDS</kwd><kwd>Sexual risk behaviors</kwd><kwd>Gender differences</kwd><kwd>Rwanda</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Rwanda</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Louisiane</li></region></list><tree><country name="Rwanda"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ntaganira, Joseph" sort="Ntaganira, Joseph" uniqKey="Ntaganira J" first="Joseph" last="Ntaganira">Joseph Ntaganira</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Hass, Laura J" sort="Hass, Laura J" uniqKey="Hass L" first="Laura J" last="Hass">Laura J. Hass</name><name sortKey="Hosner, Sheila" sort="Hosner, Sheila" uniqKey="Hosner S" first="Sheila" last="Hosner">Sheila Hosner</name><name sortKey="Mock, Nancy B" sort="Mock, Nancy B" uniqKey="Mock N" first="Nancy B" last="Mock">Nancy B. Mock</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Louisiane"><name sortKey="Brown, Lisanne" sort="Brown, Lisanne" uniqKey="Brown L" first="Lisanne" last="Brown">Lisanne Brown</name></region><name sortKey="Mock, Nancy B" sort="Mock, Nancy B" uniqKey="Mock N" first="Nancy B" last="Mock">Nancy B. Mock</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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