Tuberculosis and pneumonia in HIV-infected children: an overview
Identifieur interne : 004395 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 004394; suivant : 004396Tuberculosis and pneumonia in HIV-infected children: an overview
Auteurs : Helena Rabie [Afrique du Sud] ; Pierre Goussard [Afrique du Sud]Source :
- Pneumonia [ 2200-6133 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Pneumonia remains the most common cause of hospitalization and the most important cause of death in young children. In high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-burden settings, HIV-infected children carry a high burden of lower respiratory tract infection from common respiratory viruses, bacteria and
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/s41479-016-0021-y
PubMed: 28702298
PubMed Central: 5471701
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Tuberculosis and pneumonia in HIV-infected children: an overview</title><author><name sortKey="Rabie, Helena" sort="Rabie, Helena" uniqKey="Rabie H" first="Helena" last="Rabie">Helena Rabie</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Stellenbosch and Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Stellenbosch and Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.11956.3a</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000012214904X</institution-id><institution>Childrens Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Unit (KidCRU),</institution><institution>University of Stellenbosch,</institution></institution-wrap>Cape Town, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Cape Town</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.11956.3a</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000012214904X</institution-id><institution>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,</institution><institution>Stellenbosch University,</institution></institution-wrap>PO Box 241, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>PO Box 241, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goussard, Pierre" sort="Goussard, Pierre" uniqKey="Goussard P" first="Pierre" last="Goussard">Pierre Goussard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Stellenbosch and Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Stellenbosch and Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">28702298</idno><idno type="pmc">5471701</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5471701</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5471701</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/s41479-016-0021-y</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000A31</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000A31</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000A30</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000A30</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000406</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000406</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">004395</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Tuberculosis and pneumonia in HIV-infected children: an overview</title><author><name sortKey="Rabie, Helena" sort="Rabie, Helena" uniqKey="Rabie H" first="Helena" last="Rabie">Helena Rabie</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Stellenbosch and Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Stellenbosch and Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.11956.3a</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000012214904X</institution-id><institution>Childrens Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Unit (KidCRU),</institution><institution>University of Stellenbosch,</institution></institution-wrap>Cape Town, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Cape Town</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.11956.3a</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000012214904X</institution-id><institution>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,</institution><institution>Stellenbosch University,</institution></institution-wrap>PO Box 241, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>PO Box 241, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goussard, Pierre" sort="Goussard, Pierre" uniqKey="Goussard P" first="Pierre" last="Goussard">Pierre Goussard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Stellenbosch and Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Stellenbosch and Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Pneumonia</title><idno type="eISSN">2200-6133</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Pneumonia remains the most common cause of hospitalization and the most important cause of death in young children. In high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-burden settings, HIV-infected children carry a high burden of lower respiratory tract infection from common respiratory viruses, bacteria and <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic>. In addition, <italic>Pneumocystis jirovecii</italic> and cytomegalovirus are important opportunistic pathogens. As the vertical transmission risk of HIV decreases and access to antiretroviral therapy increases, the epidemiology of these infections is changing, but HIV-infected infants and children still carry a disproportionate burden of these infections. There is also increasing recognition of the impact of <italic>in utero</italic> exposure to HIV on the general health of exposed but uninfected infants. The reasons for this increased risk are not limited to socioeconomic status or adverse environmental conditions—there is emerging evidence that these HIV-exposed but uninfected infants may have particular immune deficits that could increase their vulnerability to respiratory pathogens. We discuss the impact of tuberculosis and other lower respiratory tract infections on the health of HIV-infected infants and children.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Newell, Ml" uniqKey="Newell M">ML Newell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Coovadia, H" uniqKey="Coovadia H">H Coovadia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cortina Borja, M" uniqKey="Cortina Borja M">M Cortina-Borja</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rollins, N" uniqKey="Rollins N">N Rollins</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gaillard, P" uniqKey="Gaillard P">P Gaillard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dabis, F" uniqKey="Dabis F">F Dabis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ferrand, Ra" uniqKey="Ferrand R">RA Ferrand</name></author><author><name sortKey="Corbett, El" uniqKey="Corbett E">EL 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Steiner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rao, M" uniqKey="Rao M">M Rao</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="review-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Pneumonia (Nathan)</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Pneumonia (Nathan)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Pneumonia</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2200-6133</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BioMed Central</publisher-name><publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">28702298</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5471701</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">21</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/s41479-016-0021-y</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Tuberculosis and pneumonia in HIV-infected children: an overview</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Rabie</surname><given-names>Helena</given-names></name><address><phone>+27 21 938 9506</phone><email>hrabie@sun.ac.za</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Goussard</surname><given-names>Pierre</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><aff id="Aff1"><label>1</label>Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Stellenbosch and Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa</aff><aff id="Aff2"><label>2</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.11956.3a</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000012214904X</institution-id><institution>Childrens Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Unit (KidCRU),</institution><institution>University of Stellenbosch,</institution></institution-wrap>Cape Town, South Africa</aff><aff id="Aff3"><label>3</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.11956.3a</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">000000012214904X</institution-id><institution>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,</institution><institution>Stellenbosch University,</institution></institution-wrap>PO Box 241, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa</aff></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>11</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>24</day><month>11</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><elocation-id>19</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>6</day><month>9</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>3</day><month>11</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author(s) 2016</copyright-statement><license license-type="OpenAccess"><license-p><bold>Open Access</bold>This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</ext-link>) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract id="Abs1"><p>Pneumonia remains the most common cause of hospitalization and the most important cause of death in young children. In high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-burden settings, HIV-infected children carry a high burden of lower respiratory tract infection from common respiratory viruses, bacteria and <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic>. In addition, <italic>Pneumocystis jirovecii</italic> and cytomegalovirus are important opportunistic pathogens. As the vertical transmission risk of HIV decreases and access to antiretroviral therapy increases, the epidemiology of these infections is changing, but HIV-infected infants and children still carry a disproportionate burden of these infections. There is also increasing recognition of the impact of <italic>in utero</italic> exposure to HIV on the general health of exposed but uninfected infants. The reasons for this increased risk are not limited to socioeconomic status or adverse environmental conditions—there is emerging evidence that these HIV-exposed but uninfected infants may have particular immune deficits that could increase their vulnerability to respiratory pathogens. We discuss the impact of tuberculosis and other lower respiratory tract infections on the health of HIV-infected infants and children.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>Human immunodeficiency virus</kwd><kwd>HIV</kwd><kwd>Children</kwd><kwd>Lower respiratory tract infection</kwd><kwd>Tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>Pneumonia</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution> The National Research Foundation </institution></funding-source></award-group></funding-group><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name><meta-value>© The Author(s) 2016</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Afrique du Sud</li></country></list><tree><country name="Afrique du Sud"><noRegion><name sortKey="Rabie, Helena" sort="Rabie, Helena" uniqKey="Rabie H" first="Helena" last="Rabie">Helena Rabie</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Goussard, Pierre" sort="Goussard, Pierre" uniqKey="Goussard P" first="Pierre" last="Goussard">Pierre Goussard</name><name sortKey="Rabie, Helena" sort="Rabie, Helena" uniqKey="Rabie H" first="Helena" last="Rabie">Helena Rabie</name><name sortKey="Rabie, Helena" sort="Rabie, Helena" uniqKey="Rabie H" first="Helena" last="Rabie">Helena Rabie</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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