Sexual behaviors and associated factors among antiretroviral treatment attendees in Ethiopia
Identifieur interne : 003140 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 003139; suivant : 003141Sexual behaviors and associated factors among antiretroviral treatment attendees in Ethiopia
Auteurs : Kassahun Demissie [Éthiopie] ; Shifera Asfaw [Éthiopie] ; Lakew Abebe [Éthiopie] ; Getachew Kiros [Éthiopie]Source :
- HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) [ 1179-1373 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome is one of the major public health problems throughout the world. Nowadays, antiretroviral treatment (ART) is available in health institutions and HIV-positive individuals who are eligible for ART are taking it. But studies show reinfection of HIV is occurring in them for unknown reasons.
This study aimed to assess risky sexual practice and associated factors among HIV-positive ART attendees.
An institution-based cross-sectional study was employed in ten randomly selected health centers in Addis Ababa, between October 05 and November 05, 2013. Simple random sampling technique was employed to select 376 respondents for face-to-face interviews from ART registration book. After the data collection process, data were entered and analyzed using the SPSS version 20 statistical package. Then the effect of each variable was observed by regression analysis to identify the predictors for risky sexual practice at a significant level of
A total of 376 respondents were included in the study, with 100% response rate. The mean age of the total respondents was 35.28±8.94 (standard deviation). Of the 376 respondents, 30.4% had a history of risky sexual practice, which was inconsistent condom use in the last 3 months prior to the study period. Factors associated with risky sexual practice included alcohol consumption (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =2.01, 95% CI: 1.07, 3.77), being single (AOR =0.29, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.59) and widowed (AOR =0.32, 95% CI: 0.13, 0.77) respondents, and the gender of the respondents, with an AOR of 1.55 (95% CI: 1.01, 2.33), shows a significant relationship with risky sexual behavior.
Generally, a significant number (30%) of the respondents engaged in risky sexual behavior; so health providers should encourage, support, and allow clients to effectively use condoms during their sexual practice.
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DOI: 10.2147/HIV.S78300
PubMed: 26082664
PubMed Central: 4461086
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Sexual behaviors and associated factors among antiretroviral treatment attendees in Ethiopia</title><author><name sortKey="Demissie, Kassahun" sort="Demissie, Kassahun" uniqKey="Demissie K" first="Kassahun" last="Demissie">Kassahun Demissie</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-hiv-7-183">Addis Ababa Regional Laboratory, Ethiopia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Addis Ababa Regional Laboratory</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asfaw, Shifera" sort="Asfaw, Shifera" uniqKey="Asfaw S" first="Shifera" last="Asfaw">Shifera Asfaw</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-hiv-7-183">Department of Health Education and Behavioral Science, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Ethiopia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Education and Behavioral Science, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jimma University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abebe, Lakew" sort="Abebe, Lakew" uniqKey="Abebe L" first="Lakew" last="Abebe">Lakew Abebe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-hiv-7-183">Department of Health Education and Behavioral Science, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Ethiopia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Education and Behavioral Science, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jimma University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kiros, Getachew" sort="Kiros, Getachew" uniqKey="Kiros G" first="Getachew" last="Kiros">Getachew Kiros</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-hiv-7-183">Department of Health Education and Behavioral Science, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Ethiopia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Education and Behavioral Science, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jimma University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26082664</idno><idno type="pmc">4461086</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4461086</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4461086</idno><idno type="doi">10.2147/HIV.S78300</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000093</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000093</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000093</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000093</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000A58</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000A58</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">003140</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Sexual behaviors and associated factors among antiretroviral treatment attendees in Ethiopia</title><author><name sortKey="Demissie, Kassahun" sort="Demissie, Kassahun" uniqKey="Demissie K" first="Kassahun" last="Demissie">Kassahun Demissie</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-hiv-7-183">Addis Ababa Regional Laboratory, Ethiopia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Addis Ababa Regional Laboratory</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asfaw, Shifera" sort="Asfaw, Shifera" uniqKey="Asfaw S" first="Shifera" last="Asfaw">Shifera Asfaw</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-hiv-7-183">Department of Health Education and Behavioral Science, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Ethiopia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Education and Behavioral Science, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jimma University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abebe, Lakew" sort="Abebe, Lakew" uniqKey="Abebe L" first="Lakew" last="Abebe">Lakew Abebe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-hiv-7-183">Department of Health Education and Behavioral Science, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Ethiopia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Education and Behavioral Science, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jimma University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kiros, Getachew" sort="Kiros, Getachew" uniqKey="Kiros G" first="Getachew" last="Kiros">Getachew Kiros</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-hiv-7-183">Department of Health Education and Behavioral Science, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Ethiopia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Education and Behavioral Science, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jimma University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.)</title><idno type="eISSN">1179-1373</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome is one of the major public health problems throughout the world. Nowadays, antiretroviral treatment (ART) is available in health institutions and HIV-positive individuals who are eligible for ART are taking it. But studies show reinfection of HIV is occurring in them for unknown reasons.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>This study aimed to assess risky sexual practice and associated factors among HIV-positive ART attendees.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>An institution-based cross-sectional study was employed in ten randomly selected health centers in Addis Ababa, between October 05 and November 05, 2013. Simple random sampling technique was employed to select 376 respondents for face-to-face interviews from ART registration book. After the data collection process, data were entered and analyzed using the SPSS version 20 statistical package. Then the effect of each variable was observed by regression analysis to identify the predictors for risky sexual practice at a significant level of <italic>P</italic><0.05.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>A total of 376 respondents were included in the study, with 100% response rate. The mean age of the total respondents was 35.28±8.94 (standard deviation). Of the 376 respondents, 30.4% had a history of risky sexual practice, which was inconsistent condom use in the last 3 months prior to the study period. Factors associated with risky sexual practice included alcohol consumption (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =2.01, 95% CI: 1.07, 3.77), being single (AOR =0.29, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.59) and widowed (AOR =0.32, 95% CI: 0.13, 0.77) respondents, and the gender of the respondents, with an AOR of 1.55 (95% CI: 1.01, 2.33), shows a significant relationship with risky sexual behavior.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Generally, a significant number (30%) of the respondents engaged in risky sexual behavior; so health providers should encourage, support, and allow clients to effectively use condoms during their sexual practice.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ibrahim, N" uniqKey="Ibrahim N">N Ibrahim</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ndziessi, G" uniqKey="Ndziessi G">G Ndziessi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cohen, J" uniqKey="Cohen J">J 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Padian</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Swendeman, D" uniqKey="Swendeman D">D Swendeman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rotheram Borus, Mj" uniqKey="Rotheram Borus M">MJ Rotheram-Borus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Comulada, S" uniqKey="Comulada S">S Comulada</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weiss, R" uniqKey="Weiss R">R Weiss</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ramos, Me" uniqKey="Ramos M">ME Ramos</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aisa, M" uniqKey="Aisa M">M Aisa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Germana, Hl" uniqKey="Germana H">HL Germana</name></author><author><name sortKey="Elia, Jm" uniqKey="Elia J">JM Elia</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Francis, B" uniqKey="Francis B">B Francis</name></author><author><name sortKey="David, Rb" uniqKey="David R">RB David</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ajay, Ks" 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">HIV AIDS (Auckl)</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">HIV AIDS (Auckl)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.)</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1179-1373</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Dove Medical Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26082664</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4461086</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2147/HIV.S78300</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">hiv-7-183</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Sexual behaviors and associated factors among antiretroviral treatment attendees in Ethiopia</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Demissie</surname><given-names>Kassahun</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-hiv-7-183">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Asfaw</surname><given-names>Shifera</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-hiv-7-183">2</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1-hiv-7-183"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Abebe</surname><given-names>Lakew</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-hiv-7-183">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kiros</surname><given-names>Getachew</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-hiv-7-183">2</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-hiv-7-183"><label>1</label>Addis Ababa Regional Laboratory, Ethiopia</aff><aff id="af2-hiv-7-183"><label>2</label>Department of Health Education and Behavioral Science, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Ethiopia</aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-hiv-7-183">Correspondence: Shifera Asfaw, Department of Health Education and Behavioral Science, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, PO Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia, Email <email>shifasfaw@gmail.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>6</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><fpage>183</fpage><lpage>190</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2015 Demissie et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><license><license-p>The full terms of the License are available at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</ext-link>. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Background</title><p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome is one of the major public health problems throughout the world. Nowadays, antiretroviral treatment (ART) is available in health institutions and HIV-positive individuals who are eligible for ART are taking it. But studies show reinfection of HIV is occurring in them for unknown reasons.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>This study aimed to assess risky sexual practice and associated factors among HIV-positive ART attendees.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>An institution-based cross-sectional study was employed in ten randomly selected health centers in Addis Ababa, between October 05 and November 05, 2013. Simple random sampling technique was employed to select 376 respondents for face-to-face interviews from ART registration book. After the data collection process, data were entered and analyzed using the SPSS version 20 statistical package. Then the effect of each variable was observed by regression analysis to identify the predictors for risky sexual practice at a significant level of <italic>P</italic><0.05.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>A total of 376 respondents were included in the study, with 100% response rate. The mean age of the total respondents was 35.28±8.94 (standard deviation). Of the 376 respondents, 30.4% had a history of risky sexual practice, which was inconsistent condom use in the last 3 months prior to the study period. Factors associated with risky sexual practice included alcohol consumption (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =2.01, 95% CI: 1.07, 3.77), being single (AOR =0.29, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.59) and widowed (AOR =0.32, 95% CI: 0.13, 0.77) respondents, and the gender of the respondents, with an AOR of 1.55 (95% CI: 1.01, 2.33), shows a significant relationship with risky sexual behavior.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Generally, a significant number (30%) of the respondents engaged in risky sexual behavior; so health providers should encourage, support, and allow clients to effectively use condoms during their sexual practice.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>sexual behaviors</kwd><kwd>inconsistent condom use</kwd><kwd>ART user</kwd><kwd>HIV prevention</kwd><kwd>reinfection</kwd><kwd>alcohol consumption</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><table-wrap id="t1-hiv-7-183" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Sociodemographic characteristics of ART attendants in selected health centers of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (2013)</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Characteristics</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Frequency (N=376)</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percent</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Gender</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Male</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">132</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35.1</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Female</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">244</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64.9</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Age</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 18–24</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.8</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 25–31</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">130</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34.6</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 32–38</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">120</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.9</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 39–45</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.4</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> ≥46</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.4</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Ethnicity</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Amhara</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">191</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50.8</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Oromo</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">97</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.8</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Guraghe</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.3</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Tigre</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.2</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Other<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn1-hiv-7-183">a</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.9</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Educational status</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Unable to read and write</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">49</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.0</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Able to read and write</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.7</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Grade 1–8</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">119</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.6</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Grade 9–10</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.3</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Grade 11–12</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.9</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Above grade 12</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.4</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Religion</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Orthodox</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">291</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77.4</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Muslim</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.9</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Protestant</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.5</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Other<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn2-hiv-7-183">b</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.2</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Marital status</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Married</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">196</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52.1</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Single</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">74</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.7</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Divorced</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.6</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Widow</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.7</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Widower</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.9</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Occupational status</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Employed</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">255</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">67.9</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Unemployed</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">121</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.1</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Income status (BIRR)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 150–300</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.1</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 301–650</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.4</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 651–1,200</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.1</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 1,201–1,600</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.5</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn1-hiv-7-183"><label>a</label><p><bold>Notes:</bold> Wolyta, dorzie, siltie, gamo, hadya;</p></fn><fn id="tfn2-hiv-7-183"><label>b</label><p>Catholic, Adventist, no religion.</p></fn><fn id="tfn3-hiv-7-183"><p><bold>Abbreviation:</bold> ART, antiretroviral treatment.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t2-hiv-7-183" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Attitude toward safe sex of respondents among ART attendants in selected health centers of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (2013)</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Variable</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Frequency (N)</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Standard deviation</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Range</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Attitude sum</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">376</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.55</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.94</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn4-hiv-7-183"><p><bold>Abbreviation:</bold> ART, antiretroviral treatment.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t3-hiv-7-183" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>HIV status disclosure and alcohol and other substance use of respondents among ART attendants in selected health centers of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (2013)</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Variable</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Frequency</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percent</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="3" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1"><bold>Alcohol and substance abuse</bold></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol use</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Yes</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.2</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">315</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83.8</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Khat</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Yes</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">74</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.7</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">302</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80.3</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Smoking</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Yes</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.4</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">367</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">97.6</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Shisha</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Yes</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.6</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">374</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">99.5</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HIV status disclosure</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Yes</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">211</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56.1</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">165</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43.9</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn5-hiv-7-183"><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; ART, antiretroviral treatment.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t4-hiv-7-183" position="float"><label>Table 4</label><caption><p>Stigma experience of respondents among ART attendants in selected health centers of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (2013)</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Variable</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Frequency (N=376)</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percent</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Stigma experienced</bold></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Enacted stigma</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Stigmatized</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">122</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.4</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Not stigmatized</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">254</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">67.6</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Perceived stigma</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Stigmatized</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">171</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45.5</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Not stigmatized</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">205</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">54.5</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn6-hiv-7-183"><p><bold>Abbreviation:</bold> ART, antiretroviral treatment.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t5-hiv-7-183" position="float"><label>Table 5</label><caption><p>Regression analysis of sociodemographic characteristics and individual factors with risky sexual practice (inconsistent condom use) among ART attendants in Addis Ababa health centers (2013)</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Characteristics</th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Inconsistent condom use
<hr></hr></th><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">COR (95% CI)</th><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">AOR (95% CI)</th></tr><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-hiv-7-183">a</xref></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn8-hiv-7-183">a</xref></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gender</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Male</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81 (31)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51 (44.3)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1.78 (1.14–2.83)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn7-hiv-7-183">*</xref></bold></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1.55 (1.01–2.33)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn7-hiv-7-183">*</xref></bold></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Female</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">180 (69)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64 (55.7)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 18–24</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12 (4.6)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6 (5.2)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.21 (0.42–3.46)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 25–31</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92 (35.2)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38 (33.0)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 32–38</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84 (32.2)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36 (31.3)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.04 (0.60–1.79)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 39–45</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45 (17.2)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24 (20.9)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.29 (0.69–2.40)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> ≥46</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28 (10.7)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11 (9.6)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.951 (0.43–2.10)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Educational status</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Unable to read and write</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37 (14.2)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12 (10.4)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.75 (0.35–1.59)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Able to read and write</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25 (9.6)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19 (16.5)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.75 (0.86–3.58)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Grade 1–8</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83 (31.8)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36 (31.3)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Grade 9–10</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">57 (21.8)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27 (23.5)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.05 (0.57–1.93)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Grade 11–12</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33 (12.6)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8 (7.0)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.56 (0.24–1.33)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Above grade 12</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26 (10.0)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13 (11.3)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.15 (0.53–2.49)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Marital status</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Married</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">117 (44.8)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79 (68.7)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Single</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61 (23.4)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13 (11.3)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.32 (0.16–0.62)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn7-hiv-7-183">*</xref></bold></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.30 (0.15–0.59)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn7-hiv-7-183">*</xref></bold></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Widow</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34 (14.2)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7 (6.1)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.28 (0.12–0.67)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn7-hiv-7-183">*</xref></bold></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.32 (0.13–0.78)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn7-hiv-7-183">*</xref></bold></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Widower</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9 (3.4)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (1.7)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.33 (0.07–1.58)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.25 (0.05–1.27)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Divorced</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37 (14.2)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14 (12.2)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.57 (0.29–1.12)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.64 (0.32–1.29)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Religion</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Orthodox</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">201 (77)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90 (78.3)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Muslim</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27 (10.3)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14 (12.2)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.17 (0.59–2.34)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Protestant</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23 (8.8)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9 (7.8)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.88 (0.39–1.99)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Others<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn9-hiv-7-183">b</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9 (3.14)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 (1.76)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.57 (0.12–2.71)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ethnicity</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Amhara</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">127 (48.7)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64 (55.7)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Oromo</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77 (29.5)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20 (17.4)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.52 (0.29–1.93)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Guraghe</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35 (13.4)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15 (13.0)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.86 (0.44–1.69)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Tigre</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16 (6.1)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11 (9.6)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.39 (0.61–3.16)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Other</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6 (2.3)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (4.3)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.68 (0.49–5.72)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Occupational status</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Employed</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">178 (68.2)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77 (67.0)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Unemployed</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83 (31.8)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38 (33.0)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.97 (0.61–1.55)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Income status (BIRR)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 150–300</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72 (27.6)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26 (22.8)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 301–650</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">58 (22.2)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30 (26.3)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.43 (0.76–2.69)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 651–1200</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">67 (25.7)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31 (27.2)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.28 (0.69–2.38)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 1,201–1,600</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64 (24.5)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27 (23.7)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.17 (0.62–2.21)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><bold>Notes:</bold></p></fn><fn id="tfn7-hiv-7-183"><label>*</label><p><italic>P</italic><0.05;</p></fn><fn id="tfn8-hiv-7-183"><label>a</label><p>values in parentheses indicate percentages;</p></fn><fn id="tfn9-hiv-7-183"><label>b</label><p>Catholic, Adventist, and no religion. Bold indicates that this variable has a significant relationship with risky sexual practice.</p></fn><fn id="tfn10-hiv-7-183"><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> ART, antiretroviral treatment; COR, crude odd ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t6-hiv-7-183" position="float"><label>Table 6</label><caption><p>Multiple logistic regression analysis of individual and perceived social factors with risky sexual practice (inconsistent condom use) among ART attendants in Addis Ababa health centers (2013)</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Variable</th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Inconsistent condom use
<hr></hr></th><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">COR (95% CI)</th><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">AOR (95% CI)</th></tr><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn12-hiv-7-183">a</xref></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn12-hiv-7-183">a</xref></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HIV disclosure status</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Yes</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">151 (57.9)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60 (52.2)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">110 (42.1)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55 (47.8)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.80 (0.51–1.24)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol use</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Yes</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34 (13.0)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27 (23.5)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>2.05 (1.17–3.59)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn11-hiv-7-183">*</xref></bold></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>2.01 (1.070–3.77)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn11-hiv-7-183">*</xref></bold></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">227 (87.0)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88 (76.5)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Kaht</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Yes</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51 (19.5)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23 (20.0)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.03 (0.59–1.78)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">210 (80.5)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92 (80)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Smoking</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Yes</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7 (2.7)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (1.7)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.642 (0.13–3.14)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">254 (97.3)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">113 (98.3)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Shisha</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Yes</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (1.9)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (0.9)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.45 (0.05–3.88)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">256 (98.1)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">114 (99.1)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Stigma experience</bold></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Enacted stigma</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Stigmatized</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77 (29.5)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45 (39.1)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.65 (0.41–1.03)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Not stigmatized</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">184 (70.5)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">70 (60.9)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Perceived stigma</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Stigmatized</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">113 (43.3)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">58 (50.4)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.75 (0.48–1.17)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Not stigmatized</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">148 (56.7)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">57 (49.6)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><bold>Notes:</bold></p></fn><fn id="tfn11-hiv-7-183"><label>*</label><p><italic>P</italic><0.05;</p></fn><fn id="tfn12-hiv-7-183"><label>a</label><p>values in parentheses indicate percentages. Bold indicates that this variable has a significant relationship with risky sexual practice.</p></fn><fn id="tfn13-hiv-7-183"><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> ART, antiretroviral treatment; COR, crude odd ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Éthiopie</li></country></list><tree><country name="Éthiopie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Demissie, Kassahun" sort="Demissie, Kassahun" uniqKey="Demissie K" first="Kassahun" last="Demissie">Kassahun Demissie</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Abebe, Lakew" sort="Abebe, Lakew" uniqKey="Abebe L" first="Lakew" last="Abebe">Lakew Abebe</name><name sortKey="Asfaw, Shifera" sort="Asfaw, Shifera" uniqKey="Asfaw S" first="Shifera" last="Asfaw">Shifera Asfaw</name><name sortKey="Kiros, Getachew" sort="Kiros, Getachew" uniqKey="Kiros G" first="Getachew" last="Kiros">Getachew Kiros</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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