Inconsistencies in Self-Reporting of Sexual Activity Among Young People in Nairobi, Kenya
Identifieur interne : 000927 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000926; suivant : 000928Inconsistencies in Self-Reporting of Sexual Activity Among Young People in Nairobi, Kenya
Auteurs : Donatien Beguy ; Caroline W. Kabiru ; Evangeline N. Nderu ; Moses W. NgwareSource :
- The Journal of Adolescent Health [ 1054-139X ] ; 2009.
Abstract
Accurate and reliable data on the prevalence of adolescents' sexual behavior are paramount for effective sexual and reproductive health intervention. Adolescents' sexual behavior has been widely studied. However, scholars have raised concerns about the accuracy and reliability of self-reported sexual behavior by adolescents. Previous research shows high levels of adolescent sexual activity in urban informal settlements; yet, the accuracy of self-reported sexual experience in these settings is understudied.
The objective of this article is to assess consistency of self-reported sexual activity among 2324 adolescents living in slum and nonslum settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. We examine two forms of inconsistencies, namely, what we term “reborn virgins” and inconsistent timing of sexual debut, during two rounds of survey. Factors influencing inconsistent reporting are explored through logistic regression.
A total of 469 (20%) adolescents gave inconsistent information on whether they have ever had sex (n = 190) or timing of first intercourse (n = 279). Males, slum residents, and adolescents attending school were more likely to give inconsistent sexual information. Among inconsistent reporters, slum residents, adolescents reporting substance use, and those with secondary (vs. primary) education were more likely to reclaim virginity status than to misreport the timing of first sex. However, older adolescents were less likely to reclaim virginity status.
We found significant differences between adolescents who provide consistent reports and those who misreport sexual behavior data. We argue that researchers should account for biases stemming from misreporting of sensitive information among young people and, in particular, should be cognizant of how reporting quality may vary across demographic groups.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.03.014
PubMed: 19931832
PubMed Central: 2784947
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Inconsistencies in Self-Reporting of Sexual Activity Among Young People in Nairobi, Kenya</title><author><name sortKey="Beguy, Donatien" sort="Beguy, Donatien" uniqKey="Beguy D" first="Donatien" last="Beguy">Donatien Beguy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kabiru, Caroline W" sort="Kabiru, Caroline W" uniqKey="Kabiru C" first="Caroline W." last="Kabiru">Caroline W. Kabiru</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nderu, Evangeline N" sort="Nderu, Evangeline N" uniqKey="Nderu E" first="Evangeline N." last="Nderu">Evangeline N. Nderu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ngware, Moses W" sort="Ngware, Moses W" uniqKey="Ngware M" first="Moses W." last="Ngware">Moses W. Ngware</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">19931832</idno><idno type="pmc">2784947</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2784947</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2784947</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.03.014</idno><date when="2009">2009</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002608</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002608</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002607</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002607</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">002797</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">002797</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000927</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Inconsistencies in Self-Reporting of Sexual Activity Among Young People in Nairobi, Kenya</title><author><name sortKey="Beguy, Donatien" sort="Beguy, Donatien" uniqKey="Beguy D" first="Donatien" last="Beguy">Donatien Beguy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kabiru, Caroline W" sort="Kabiru, Caroline W" uniqKey="Kabiru C" first="Caroline W." last="Kabiru">Caroline W. Kabiru</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nderu, Evangeline N" sort="Nderu, Evangeline N" uniqKey="Nderu E" first="Evangeline N." last="Nderu">Evangeline N. Nderu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ngware, Moses W" sort="Ngware, Moses W" uniqKey="Ngware M" first="Moses W." last="Ngware">Moses W. Ngware</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Journal of Adolescent Health</title><idno type="ISSN">1054-139X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1879-1972</idno><imprint><date when="2009">2009</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Accurate and reliable data on the prevalence of adolescents' sexual behavior are paramount for effective sexual and reproductive health intervention. Adolescents' sexual behavior has been widely studied. However, scholars have raised concerns about the accuracy and reliability of self-reported sexual behavior by adolescents. Previous research shows high levels of adolescent sexual activity in urban informal settlements; yet, the accuracy of self-reported sexual experience in these settings is understudied.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>The objective of this article is to assess consistency of self-reported sexual activity among 2324 adolescents living in slum and nonslum settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. We examine two forms of inconsistencies, namely, what we term “reborn virgins” and inconsistent timing of sexual debut, during two rounds of survey. Factors influencing inconsistent reporting are explored through logistic regression.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>A total of 469 (20%) adolescents gave inconsistent information on whether they have ever had sex (n = 190) or timing of first intercourse (n = 279). Males, slum residents, and adolescents attending school were more likely to give inconsistent sexual information. Among inconsistent reporters, slum residents, adolescents reporting substance use, and those with secondary (vs. primary) education were more likely to reclaim virginity status than to misreport the timing of first sex. However, older adolescents were less likely to reclaim virginity status.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>We found significant differences between adolescents who provide consistent reports and those who misreport sexual behavior data. We argue that researchers should account for biases stemming from misreporting of sensitive information among young people and, in particular, should be cognizant of how reporting quality may vary across demographic groups.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lauritsen, J L" uniqKey="Lauritsen J">J.L. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Adolesc Health</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Adolesc Health</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>The Journal of Adolescent Health</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1054-139X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1879-1972</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Elsevier</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">19931832</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2784947</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">S1054-139X(09)00123-2</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.03.014</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Inconsistencies in Self-Reporting of Sexual Activity Among Young People in Nairobi, Kenya</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Beguy</surname><given-names>Donatien</given-names></name><degrees>Ph.D.</degrees><email>dbeguy@aphrc.org</email><email>dbeguy@yahoo.fr</email><xref rid="cor1" ref-type="corresp">∗</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kabiru</surname><given-names>Caroline W.</given-names></name><degrees>Ph.D.</degrees></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nderu</surname><given-names>Evangeline N.</given-names></name><degrees>Ph.D.</degrees></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ngware</surname><given-names>Moses W.</given-names></name><degrees>Ph.D.</degrees></contrib></contrib-group><aff>African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>∗</label>Address correspondence to: Donatien Beguy, Ph.D., African Population and Health Research Center, Shelter Afrique Centre, 2<sup>nd</sup> Floor, Longonot Road, Upper Hill. P. O. Box 10787-00100, Nairobi, Kenya. <email>dbeguy@aphrc.org</email><email>dbeguy@yahoo.fr</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>1</day><month>12</month><year>2009</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on .</pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>12</month><year>2009</year></pub-date><volume>45</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>595</fpage><lpage>601</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>30</day><month>9</month><year>2008</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>19</day><month>3</month><year>2009</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2009 Elsevier Inc.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2009</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Society for Adolescent Medicine</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>Open Access under <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">CC BY 3.0</ext-link> license</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Accurate and reliable data on the prevalence of adolescents' sexual behavior are paramount for effective sexual and reproductive health intervention. Adolescents' sexual behavior has been widely studied. However, scholars have raised concerns about the accuracy and reliability of self-reported sexual behavior by adolescents. Previous research shows high levels of adolescent sexual activity in urban informal settlements; yet, the accuracy of self-reported sexual experience in these settings is understudied.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>The objective of this article is to assess consistency of self-reported sexual activity among 2324 adolescents living in slum and nonslum settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. We examine two forms of inconsistencies, namely, what we term “reborn virgins” and inconsistent timing of sexual debut, during two rounds of survey. Factors influencing inconsistent reporting are explored through logistic regression.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>A total of 469 (20%) adolescents gave inconsistent information on whether they have ever had sex (n = 190) or timing of first intercourse (n = 279). Males, slum residents, and adolescents attending school were more likely to give inconsistent sexual information. Among inconsistent reporters, slum residents, adolescents reporting substance use, and those with secondary (vs. primary) education were more likely to reclaim virginity status than to misreport the timing of first sex. However, older adolescents were less likely to reclaim virginity status.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>We found significant differences between adolescents who provide consistent reports and those who misreport sexual behavior data. We argue that researchers should account for biases stemming from misreporting of sensitive information among young people and, in particular, should be cognizant of how reporting quality may vary across demographic groups.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><title>Keywords</title><kwd>Adolescents</kwd><kwd>Sexual activity</kwd><kwd>Inconsistency</kwd><kwd>Slum</kwd><kwd>Informal settlements</kwd><kwd>Nairobi</kwd><kwd>Kenya</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><table-wrap id="tbl1" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Percentage distribution of adolescents by background characteristics and inconsistencies</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Characteristics</th><th colspan="3">Sexually experienced<hr></hr></th><th>Not sexually experienced<hr></hr></th><th></th><th rowspan="2">Inconsistent among sexually active</th></tr><tr><th>“Reborn virgin”</th><th>Inconsistent timing</th><th>Consistent ever</th><th>Consistent never</th><th>Total</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Mean age (SD) years</td><td>16.2 (1.7)</td><td>16.6 (1.8)</td><td>16.5 (1.9)</td><td>13.9 (1.8)</td><td>14.9 (2.2)</td><td>16.5 (1.8)</td></tr><tr><td>Slum resident</td><td align="char">89.0</td><td align="char">75.6</td><td align="char">74.1</td><td align="char">77.7</td><td align="char">76.3</td><td align="char">49.6</td></tr><tr><td>Female</td><td align="char">37.9</td><td align="char">47.3</td><td align="char">51.3</td><td align="char">51.9</td><td align="char">50.1</td><td align="char">44.4</td></tr><tr><td>Ever smoked or used drugs</td><td align="char">33.2</td><td align="char">11.8</td><td align="char">20.7</td><td align="char">4.8</td><td align="char">11.4</td><td align="char">48.2</td></tr><tr><td>Ever consumed alcohol</td><td align="char">26.8</td><td align="char">10.8</td><td align="char">21.3</td><td align="char">3.7</td><td align="char">10.2</td><td align="char">43.3</td></tr><tr><td>In school at Wave 1</td><td align="char">70.0</td><td align="char">68.1</td><td align="char">56.5</td><td align="char">94.1</td><td align="char">81.0</td><td align="char">53.5</td></tr><tr><td colspan="7">Highest education level<xref rid="tblfn1" ref-type="table-fn">∗</xref></td></tr><tr><td> Primary</td><td align="char">56.8</td><td align="char">56.6</td><td align="char">59.0</td><td align="char">75.1</td><td align="char">67.9</td><td align="char">47.6</td></tr><tr><td> Secondary</td><td align="char">31.6</td><td align="char">32.6</td><td align="char">30.0</td><td align="char">15.9</td><td align="char">22.2</td><td align="char">50.3</td></tr><tr><td colspan="7">Living arrangements<xref rid="tblfn1" ref-type="table-fn">∗</xref></td></tr><tr><td> Two-parent family</td><td align="char">34.2</td><td align="char">28.3</td><td align="char">32.4</td><td align="char">38.1</td><td align="char">35.4</td><td align="char">47.2</td></tr><tr><td> One-parent family</td><td align="char">18.4</td><td align="char">21.9</td><td align="char">19.7</td><td align="char">18.4</td><td align="char">19.1</td><td align="char">49.5</td></tr><tr><td> Other</td><td align="char">33.2</td><td align="char">42.3</td><td align="char">39.2</td><td align="char">31.3</td><td align="char">34.5</td><td align="char">48.1</td></tr><tr><td colspan="7">No. of adolescents in household<xref rid="tblfn1" ref-type="table-fn">∗</xref></td></tr><tr><td> One</td><td align="char">17.9</td><td align="char">21.5</td><td align="char">21.9</td><td align="char">23.3</td><td align="char">22.3</td><td align="char">46.3</td></tr><tr><td> Two</td><td align="char">26.8</td><td align="char">31.2</td><td align="char">33.2</td><td align="char">29.4</td><td align="char">30.2</td><td align="char">45.5</td></tr><tr><td> Three</td><td align="char">23.7</td><td align="char">24.7</td><td align="char">17.3</td><td align="char">19.7</td><td align="char">20.1</td><td align="char">57.0</td></tr><tr><td> Four or more</td><td align="char">17.4</td><td align="char">15.1</td><td align="char">18.9</td><td align="char">15.5</td><td align="char">16.3</td><td align="char">44.4</td></tr><tr><td> n</td><td align="char">190</td><td align="char">279</td><td align="char">497</td><td align="char">1358</td><td align="char">2324</td><td align="char">966</td></tr><tr><td> %</td><td align="char">8.2</td><td align="char">12.0</td><td align="char">21.4</td><td align="char">58.4</td><td align="char">100.0</td><td align="char">48.6</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tblfn1"><label>∗</label><p>For education, living arrangements, and number of adolescents in the household, the total percentage does not add up to 100 because of missing values. Missing values are included in the logistic models to reduce bias stemming from deletion of missing values.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tbl2" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Odds ratios (OR) and robust 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for predictors of inconsistent reporting of sexual activity (logistic regression)</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Variable</th><th colspan="2">OR (95% CI)<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th>Bivariate model</th><th>Multivariate model</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Slum resident (ref: nonslum resident)</td><td align="char">1.2 (.9–1.7)</td><td align="char">1.5<xref rid="tblfn2" ref-type="table-fn">∗</xref> (1.0–2.3)</td></tr><tr><td>Male (ref: female)</td><td align="char">1.4<xref rid="tblfn3" ref-type="table-fn">∗∗</xref> (1.1–1.8)</td><td align="char">1.4<xref rid="tblfn3" ref-type="table-fn">∗∗</xref> (1.0–1.8)</td></tr><tr><td>Age</td><td align="char">1.0 (.9–1.1)</td><td align="char">1.1<xref rid="tblfn2" ref-type="table-fn">∗</xref> (1.0–1.2)</td></tr><tr><td>Tried smoking or used drug</td><td align="char">1.0 (.7–1.4)</td><td align="char">1.0 (.7–1.5)</td></tr><tr><td>Ever consumed alcohol</td><td align="char">.8 (.6–1.1)</td><td align="char">.7 (.5–1.1)</td></tr><tr><td>Attending school (Wave 1)</td><td align="char">1.7<xref rid="tblfn4" ref-type="table-fn">∗∗∗</xref> (1.3–2.2)</td><td align="char">1.9<xref rid="tblfn4" ref-type="table-fn">∗∗∗</xref> (1.4–2.6).</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">Education level (ref. primary)</td></tr><tr><td> Secondary</td><td align="char">1.1 (.8–1.5)</td><td align="char">1.1 (.8–1.6)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">Living arrangements (ref. one-parent family)</td></tr><tr><td> Two-parent family</td><td align="char">1.0 (.7–1.5)</td><td align="char">1.0 (.7–1.4)</td></tr><tr><td> Other</td><td align="char">1.0 (.7–1.3)</td><td align="char">.8 (.6–1.1)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">Number of adolescents in household (ref: one)</td></tr><tr><td> Two</td><td align="char">1.0 (.7–1.4)</td><td align="char">.9 (.7–1.4)</td></tr><tr><td> Three</td><td align="char">1.5<xref rid="tblfn3" ref-type="table-fn">∗∗</xref> (1.0–2.3)</td><td align="char">1.6<xref rid="tblfn3" ref-type="table-fn">∗∗</xref> (1.0–2.4)</td></tr><tr><td> Four or more</td><td align="char">.9 (.6–1.4)</td><td align="char">.9 (.6–1.4)</td></tr><tr><td> Observations</td><td>–</td><td>966</td></tr><tr><td> Wald χ<sup>2</sup></td><td>–</td><td>39.26<xref rid="tblfn4" ref-type="table-fn">∗∗∗</xref></td></tr><tr><td> Log likelihood</td><td>–</td><td>−648.52</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>Ref. = reference.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tblfn2"><label>∗</label><p><italic>p</italic> < .1.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tblfn3"><label>∗∗</label><p><italic>p</italic> < .05.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tblfn4"><label>∗∗∗</label><p><italic>p</italic> < .01.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tbl3" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Odds ratios (OR) and robust 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for predictors of type of inconsistency (“reborn virgin” vs. inconsistent timing) of sexual activity (logistic regression)</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2">Variable</th><th colspan="2">OR (95% CI)<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th>Bivariate model</th><th>Multivariate model</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Slum resident (ref: nonslum resident)</td><td align="char">2.6<xref rid="tblfn7" ref-type="table-fn">∗∗∗</xref> (1.5–4.5)</td><td align="char">4.8<xref rid="tblfn7" ref-type="table-fn">∗∗∗</xref> (2.1–10.7)</td></tr><tr><td>Male (ref: female)</td><td align="char">1.5<xref rid="tblfn5" ref-type="table-fn">∗</xref> (1.0–2.2)</td><td align="char">1.1 (.7–1.7)</td></tr><tr><td>Age</td><td align="char">.9<xref rid="tblfn6" ref-type="table-fn">∗∗</xref> (.8–1.0)</td><td align="char">.8<xref rid="tblfn6" ref-type="table-fn">∗∗</xref> (.7–1.0)</td></tr><tr><td>Tried smoking or used drug</td><td align="char">3.7<xref rid="tblfn7" ref-type="table-fn">∗∗∗</xref> (2.3–6.0)</td><td align="char">2.8<xref rid="tblfn7" ref-type="table-fn">∗∗∗</xref> (1.6–4.9)</td></tr><tr><td>Ever consumed alcohol</td><td align="char">3.0<xref rid="tblfn7" ref-type="table-fn">∗∗∗</xref> (1.8–5.1)</td><td align="char">3.0<xref rid="tblfn7" ref-type="table-fn">∗∗∗</xref> (1.6–5.7)</td></tr><tr><td>Currently attending school (Wave 1)</td><td align="char">1.1 (.7–1.6)</td><td align="char">.9 (.5–1.5)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">Education level (ref. primary)</td></tr><tr><td> Secondary</td><td align="char">1.0 (.6–1.5)</td><td align="char">2.1<xref rid="tblfn6" ref-type="table-fn">∗∗</xref> (1.1–4.0)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">Living arrangements (ref: one-parent family)</td></tr><tr><td> Two-parent family</td><td align="char">1.1 (.6–1.8)</td><td align="char">.7 (.4–1.3)</td></tr><tr><td> Other</td><td align="char">1.5 (.9–2.5)</td><td align="char">1.1 (.6–1.9)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">Number of adolescents in household (ref: one)</td></tr><tr><td> Two</td><td align="char">1.0 (.6–1.8)</td><td align="char">.8 (.5–1.5)</td></tr><tr><td> Three</td><td align="char">1.2 (.6–2.1)</td><td align="char">1.1 (.6–2.2)</td></tr><tr><td> Four or more</td><td align="char">1.4 (.7–2.7)</td><td align="char">1.3 (.6–2.6)</td></tr><tr><td> Observations</td><td>–</td><td>469</td></tr><tr><td> Wald χ<sup>2</sup></td><td>–</td><td>58.40<xref rid="tblfn7" ref-type="table-fn">∗∗∗</xref></td></tr><tr><td> Log likelihood</td><td>–</td><td>−278.20</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tblfn5"><label>∗</label><p><italic>p</italic> < .1.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tblfn6"><label>∗∗</label><p><italic>p</italic><.05.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tblfn7"><label>∗∗∗</label><p><italic>p</italic><.01.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Beguy, Donatien" sort="Beguy, Donatien" uniqKey="Beguy D" first="Donatien" last="Beguy">Donatien Beguy</name><name sortKey="Kabiru, Caroline W" sort="Kabiru, Caroline W" uniqKey="Kabiru C" first="Caroline W." last="Kabiru">Caroline W. 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