Poverty, Food Insufficiency and HIV Infection and Sexual Behaviour among Young Rural Zimbabwean Women
Identifieur interne : 001479 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001478; suivant : 001480Poverty, Food Insufficiency and HIV Infection and Sexual Behaviour among Young Rural Zimbabwean Women
Auteurs : Sophie J. S. Pascoe [Royaume-Uni] ; Lisa F. Langhaug [Royaume-Uni] ; Webster Mavhu [Zimbabwe] ; James Hargreaves [Royaume-Uni] ; Shabbar Jaffar [Royaume-Uni] ; Richard Hayes [Royaume-Uni] ; Frances M. Cowan [Royaume-Uni, Zimbabwe]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Despite a recent decline, Zimbabwe still has the fifth highest adult HIV prevalence in the world at 14.7%; 56% of the population are currently living in extreme poverty.
Cross-sectional population-based survey of 18–22 year olds, conducted in 30 communities in south-eastern Zimbabwe in 2007.
To examine whether the risk of HIV infection among young rural Zimbabwean women is associated with socio-economic position and whether different socio-economic domains, including food sufficiency, might be associated with HIV risk in different ways.
Eligible participants completed a structured questionnaire and provided a finger-prick blood sample tested for antibodies to HIV and HSV-2. The relationship between poverty and HIV was explored for three socio-economic domains: ability to afford essential items; asset wealth; food sufficiency. Analyses were performed to examine whether these domains were associated with HIV infection or risk factors for infection among young women, and to explore which factors might mediate the relationship between poverty and HIV.
2593 eligible females participated in the survey and were included in the analyses. Overall HIV prevalence among these young females was 7.7% (95% CI: 6.7–8.7); HSV-2 prevalence was 11.2% (95% CI: 9.9–12.4). Lower socio-economic position was associated with lower educational attainment, earlier marriage, increased risk of depression and anxiety disorders and increased reporting of higher risk sexual behaviours such as earlier sexual debut, more and older sexual partners and transactional sex. Young women reporting insufficient food were at increased risk of HIV infection and HSV-2.
This study provides evidence from Zimbabwe that among young poor women, economic need and food insufficiency are associated with the adoption of unsafe behaviours. Targeted structural interventions that aim to tackle social and economic constraints including insufficient food should be developed and evaluated alongside behaviour and biomedical interventions, as a component of HIV prevention programming and policy.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115290
PubMed: 25625868
PubMed Central: 4307980
Affiliations:
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S." last="Pascoe">Sophie J. S. Pascoe</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Langhaug, Lisa F" sort="Langhaug, Lisa F" uniqKey="Langhaug L" first="Lisa F." last="Langhaug">Lisa F. Langhaug</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Centre for Sexual Health & HIV Research, Royal Free & University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Sexual Health & HIV Research, Royal Free & University College Medical School, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mavhu, Webster" sort="Mavhu, Webster" uniqKey="Mavhu W" first="Webster" last="Mavhu">Webster Mavhu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Centre for Sexual Health and HIV AIDS Research (CeSHHAR) Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Zimbabwe</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Sexual Health and HIV AIDS Research (CeSHHAR) Zimbabwe, Harare</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Harare</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hargreaves, James" sort="Hargreaves, James" uniqKey="Hargreaves J" first="James" last="Hargreaves">James Hargreaves</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jaffar, Shabbar" sort="Jaffar, Shabbar" uniqKey="Jaffar S" first="Shabbar" last="Jaffar">Shabbar Jaffar</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayes, Richard" sort="Hayes, Richard" uniqKey="Hayes R" first="Richard" last="Hayes">Richard Hayes</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cowan, Frances M" sort="Cowan, Frances M" uniqKey="Cowan F" first="Frances M." last="Cowan">Frances M. Cowan</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Centre for Sexual Health & HIV Research, Royal Free & University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Sexual Health & HIV Research, Royal Free & University College Medical School, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Centre for Sexual Health and HIV AIDS Research (CeSHHAR) Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Zimbabwe</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Sexual Health and HIV AIDS Research (CeSHHAR) Zimbabwe, Harare</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Harare</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Despite a recent decline, Zimbabwe still has the fifth highest adult HIV prevalence in the world at 14.7%; 56% of the population are currently living in extreme poverty.</p></sec><sec><title>Design</title><p>Cross-sectional population-based survey of 18–22 year olds, conducted in 30 communities in south-eastern Zimbabwe in 2007.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>To examine whether the risk of HIV infection among young rural Zimbabwean women is associated with socio-economic position and whether different socio-economic domains, including food sufficiency, might be associated with HIV risk in different ways.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Eligible participants completed a structured questionnaire and provided a finger-prick blood sample tested for antibodies to HIV and HSV-2. The relationship between poverty and HIV was explored for three socio-economic domains: ability to afford essential items; asset wealth; food sufficiency. Analyses were performed to examine whether these domains were associated with HIV infection or risk factors for infection among young women, and to explore which factors might mediate the relationship between poverty and HIV.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>2593 eligible females participated in the survey and were included in the analyses. Overall HIV prevalence among these young females was 7.7% (95% CI: 6.7–8.7); HSV-2 prevalence was 11.2% (95% CI: 9.9–12.4). Lower socio-economic position was associated with lower educational attainment, earlier marriage, increased risk of depression and anxiety disorders and increased reporting of higher risk sexual behaviours such as earlier sexual debut, more and older sexual partners and transactional sex. Young women reporting insufficient food were at increased risk of HIV infection and HSV-2.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>This study provides evidence from Zimbabwe that among young poor women, economic need and food insufficiency are associated with the adoption of unsafe behaviours. Targeted structural interventions that aim to tackle social and economic constraints including insufficient food should be developed and evaluated alongside behaviour and biomedical interventions, as a component of HIV prevention programming and policy.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gregson, S" uniqKey="Gregson S">S Gregson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garnett, Gp" uniqKey="Garnett G">GP Garnett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nyamukapa, Ca" uniqKey="Nyamukapa C">CA Nyamukapa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hallett, Tb" uniqKey="Hallett T">TB Hallett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lewis, Jj" uniqKey="Lewis J">JJ Lewis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hallett, Tb" uniqKey="Hallett T">TB Hallett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aberle Grasse, J" uniqKey="Aberle Grasse J">J Aberle-Grasse</name></author><author><name 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S." last="Pascoe">Sophie J. S. Pascoe</name></region><name sortKey="Cowan, Frances M" sort="Cowan, Frances M" uniqKey="Cowan F" first="Frances M." last="Cowan">Frances M. Cowan</name><name sortKey="Hargreaves, James" sort="Hargreaves, James" uniqKey="Hargreaves J" first="James" last="Hargreaves">James Hargreaves</name><name sortKey="Hayes, Richard" sort="Hayes, Richard" uniqKey="Hayes R" first="Richard" last="Hayes">Richard Hayes</name><name sortKey="Jaffar, Shabbar" sort="Jaffar, Shabbar" uniqKey="Jaffar S" first="Shabbar" last="Jaffar">Shabbar Jaffar</name><name sortKey="Langhaug, Lisa F" sort="Langhaug, Lisa F" uniqKey="Langhaug L" first="Lisa F." last="Langhaug">Lisa F. Langhaug</name></country><country name="Zimbabwe"><noRegion><name sortKey="Mavhu, Webster" sort="Mavhu, Webster" uniqKey="Mavhu W" first="Webster" last="Mavhu">Webster Mavhu</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Cowan, Frances M" sort="Cowan, Frances M" uniqKey="Cowan F" first="Frances M." last="Cowan">Frances M. 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