Poverty, Food Insufficiency and HIV Infection and Sexual Behaviour among Young Rural Zimbabwean Women
Identifieur interne : 002E21 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 002E20; suivant : 002E22Poverty, Food Insufficiency and HIV Infection and Sexual Behaviour among Young Rural Zimbabwean Women
Auteurs : Sophie J. S. Pascoe [Royaume-Uni] ; Lisa F. Langhaug [Royaume-Uni] ; Webster Mavhu [Zimbabwe] ; James Hargreaves [Royaume-Uni] ; Shabbar Jaffar [Royaume-Uni] ; Richard Hayes [Royaume-Uni] ; Frances M. Cowan [Royaume-Uni, Zimbabwe]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Despite a recent decline, Zimbabwe still has the fifth highest adult HIV prevalence in the world at 14.7%; 56% of the population are currently living in extreme poverty.
Cross-sectional population-based survey of 18–22 year olds, conducted in 30 communities in south-eastern Zimbabwe in 2007.
To examine whether the risk of HIV infection among young rural Zimbabwean women is associated with socio-economic position and whether different socio-economic domains, including food sufficiency, might be associated with HIV risk in different ways.
Eligible participants completed a structured questionnaire and provided a finger-prick blood sample tested for antibodies to HIV and HSV-2. The relationship between poverty and HIV was explored for three socio-economic domains: ability to afford essential items; asset wealth; food sufficiency. Analyses were performed to examine whether these domains were associated with HIV infection or risk factors for infection among young women, and to explore which factors might mediate the relationship between poverty and HIV.
2593 eligible females participated in the survey and were included in the analyses. Overall HIV prevalence among these young females was 7.7% (95% CI: 6.7–8.7); HSV-2 prevalence was 11.2% (95% CI: 9.9–12.4). Lower socio-economic position was associated with lower educational attainment, earlier marriage, increased risk of depression and anxiety disorders and increased reporting of higher risk sexual behaviours such as earlier sexual debut, more and older sexual partners and transactional sex. Young women reporting insufficient food were at increased risk of HIV infection and HSV-2.
This study provides evidence from Zimbabwe that among young poor women, economic need and food insufficiency are associated with the adoption of unsafe behaviours. Targeted structural interventions that aim to tackle social and economic constraints including insufficient food should be developed and evaluated alongside behaviour and biomedical interventions, as a component of HIV prevention programming and policy.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115290
PubMed: 25625868
PubMed Central: 4307980
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 000135
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 000135
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 000B31
Links to Exploration step
PMC:4307980Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Poverty, Food Insufficiency and HIV Infection and Sexual Behaviour among Young Rural Zimbabwean Women</title><author><name sortKey="Pascoe, Sophie J S" sort="Pascoe, Sophie J S" uniqKey="Pascoe S" first="Sophie J. S." last="Pascoe">Sophie J. S. Pascoe</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Langhaug, Lisa F" sort="Langhaug, Lisa F" uniqKey="Langhaug L" first="Lisa F." last="Langhaug">Lisa F. Langhaug</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Centre for Sexual Health & HIV Research, Royal Free & University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Sexual Health & HIV Research, Royal Free & University College Medical School, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mavhu, Webster" sort="Mavhu, Webster" uniqKey="Mavhu W" first="Webster" last="Mavhu">Webster Mavhu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Centre for Sexual Health and HIV AIDS Research (CeSHHAR) Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Zimbabwe</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Sexual Health and HIV AIDS Research (CeSHHAR) Zimbabwe, Harare</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Harare</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hargreaves, James" sort="Hargreaves, James" uniqKey="Hargreaves J" first="James" last="Hargreaves">James Hargreaves</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jaffar, Shabbar" sort="Jaffar, Shabbar" uniqKey="Jaffar S" first="Shabbar" last="Jaffar">Shabbar Jaffar</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayes, Richard" sort="Hayes, Richard" uniqKey="Hayes R" first="Richard" last="Hayes">Richard Hayes</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cowan, Frances M" sort="Cowan, Frances M" uniqKey="Cowan F" first="Frances M." last="Cowan">Frances M. Cowan</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Centre for Sexual Health & HIV Research, Royal Free & University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Sexual Health & HIV Research, Royal Free & University College Medical School, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Centre for Sexual Health and HIV AIDS Research (CeSHHAR) Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Zimbabwe</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Sexual Health and HIV AIDS Research (CeSHHAR) Zimbabwe, Harare</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Harare</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25625868</idno><idno type="pmc">4307980</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4307980</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4307980</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0115290</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000135</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000135</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000135</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000135</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000B31</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000B31</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">002E21</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Poverty, Food Insufficiency and HIV Infection and Sexual Behaviour among Young Rural Zimbabwean Women</title><author><name sortKey="Pascoe, Sophie J S" sort="Pascoe, Sophie J S" uniqKey="Pascoe S" first="Sophie J. S." last="Pascoe">Sophie J. S. Pascoe</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Langhaug, Lisa F" sort="Langhaug, Lisa F" uniqKey="Langhaug L" first="Lisa F." last="Langhaug">Lisa F. Langhaug</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Centre for Sexual Health & HIV Research, Royal Free & University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Sexual Health & HIV Research, Royal Free & University College Medical School, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mavhu, Webster" sort="Mavhu, Webster" uniqKey="Mavhu W" first="Webster" last="Mavhu">Webster Mavhu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Centre for Sexual Health and HIV AIDS Research (CeSHHAR) Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Zimbabwe</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Sexual Health and HIV AIDS Research (CeSHHAR) Zimbabwe, Harare</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Harare</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hargreaves, James" sort="Hargreaves, James" uniqKey="Hargreaves J" first="James" last="Hargreaves">James Hargreaves</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jaffar, Shabbar" sort="Jaffar, Shabbar" uniqKey="Jaffar S" first="Shabbar" last="Jaffar">Shabbar Jaffar</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hayes, Richard" sort="Hayes, Richard" uniqKey="Hayes R" first="Richard" last="Hayes">Richard Hayes</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cowan, Frances M" sort="Cowan, Frances M" uniqKey="Cowan F" first="Frances M." last="Cowan">Frances M. Cowan</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Centre for Sexual Health & HIV Research, Royal Free & University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Sexual Health & HIV Research, Royal Free & University College Medical School, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Centre for Sexual Health and HIV AIDS Research (CeSHHAR) Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Zimbabwe</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Sexual Health and HIV AIDS Research (CeSHHAR) Zimbabwe, Harare</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Harare</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Despite a recent decline, Zimbabwe still has the fifth highest adult HIV prevalence in the world at 14.7%; 56% of the population are currently living in extreme poverty.</p></sec><sec><title>Design</title><p>Cross-sectional population-based survey of 18–22 year olds, conducted in 30 communities in south-eastern Zimbabwe in 2007.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>To examine whether the risk of HIV infection among young rural Zimbabwean women is associated with socio-economic position and whether different socio-economic domains, including food sufficiency, might be associated with HIV risk in different ways.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Eligible participants completed a structured questionnaire and provided a finger-prick blood sample tested for antibodies to HIV and HSV-2. The relationship between poverty and HIV was explored for three socio-economic domains: ability to afford essential items; asset wealth; food sufficiency. Analyses were performed to examine whether these domains were associated with HIV infection or risk factors for infection among young women, and to explore which factors might mediate the relationship between poverty and HIV.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>2593 eligible females participated in the survey and were included in the analyses. Overall HIV prevalence among these young females was 7.7% (95% CI: 6.7–8.7); HSV-2 prevalence was 11.2% (95% CI: 9.9–12.4). Lower socio-economic position was associated with lower educational attainment, earlier marriage, increased risk of depression and anxiety disorders and increased reporting of higher risk sexual behaviours such as earlier sexual debut, more and older sexual partners and transactional sex. Young women reporting insufficient food were at increased risk of HIV infection and HSV-2.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>This study provides evidence from Zimbabwe that among young poor women, economic need and food insufficiency are associated with the adoption of unsafe behaviours. Targeted structural interventions that aim to tackle social and economic constraints including insufficient food should be developed and evaluated alongside behaviour and biomedical interventions, as a component of HIV prevention programming and policy.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gregson, S" uniqKey="Gregson S">S Gregson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garnett, Gp" uniqKey="Garnett G">GP Garnett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nyamukapa, Ca" uniqKey="Nyamukapa C">CA Nyamukapa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hallett, Tb" uniqKey="Hallett T">TB Hallett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lewis, Jj" uniqKey="Lewis J">JJ Lewis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hallett, Tb" uniqKey="Hallett T">TB Hallett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aberle Grasse, J" uniqKey="Aberle Grasse J">J Aberle-Grasse</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bello, G" uniqKey="Bello G">G Bello</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boulos, Lm" uniqKey="Boulos L">LM Boulos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cayemittes, Mp" uniqKey="Cayemittes M">MP Cayemittes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lopman, B" uniqKey="Lopman B">B Lopman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lewis, J" uniqKey="Lewis J">J Lewis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nyamukapa, C" uniqKey="Nyamukapa C">C Nyamukapa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mushati, P" uniqKey="Mushati P">P Mushati</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chandiwana, S" uniqKey="Chandiwana S">S Chandiwana</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mahomva, A" uniqKey="Mahomva A">A Mahomva</name></author><author><name sortKey="Greby, S" uniqKey="Greby S">S Greby</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dube, S" uniqKey="Dube S">S Dube</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mugurungi, O" uniqKey="Mugurungi O">O Mugurungi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hargrove, J" uniqKey="Hargrove J">J Hargrove</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gillespie, S" uniqKey="Gillespie S">S Gillespie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kadiyala, S" uniqKey="Kadiyala S">S Kadiyala</name></author><author><name sortKey="Greener, R" uniqKey="Greener R">R Greener</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barnett, T" uniqKey="Barnett T">T Barnett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weston, M" uniqKey="Weston M">M Weston</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Krishnan, S" uniqKey="Krishnan S">S Krishnan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dunbar, Ms" uniqKey="Dunbar M">MS Dunbar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Minnis, Am" uniqKey="Minnis A">AM Minnis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Medlin, Ca" uniqKey="Medlin C">CA Medlin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gerdts, Ce" uniqKey="Gerdts C">CE Gerdts</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mishra, V" uniqKey="Mishra V">V Mishra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Assche, Sbv" uniqKey="Assche S">SBV Assche</name></author><author><name sortKey="Greener, R" uniqKey="Greener R">R Greener</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vaessen, M" uniqKey="Vaessen M">M Vaessen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hong, R" uniqKey="Hong R">R Hong</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Piot, P" uniqKey="Piot P">P Piot</name></author><author><name sortKey="Greener, R" uniqKey="Greener R">R Greener</name></author><author><name sortKey="Russell, S" uniqKey="Russell S">S Russell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rollins, N" uniqKey="Rollins N">N Rollins</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shelton, Jd" uniqKey="Shelton J">JD Shelton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cassell, Mm" uniqKey="Cassell M">MM Cassell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Adetunji, J" uniqKey="Adetunji J">J Adetunji</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wojcicki, Jm" uniqKey="Wojcicki J">JM Wojcicki</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gillespie, S" uniqKey="Gillespie S">S Gillespie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Greener, R" uniqKey="Greener R">R Greener</name></author><author><name sortKey="Whiteside, A" uniqKey="Whiteside A">A Whiteside</name></author><author><name sortKey="Whitworth, J" uniqKey="Whitworth J">J Whitworth</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="O Arrell, N" uniqKey="O Arrell N">N O’Farrell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tsai, Ac" uniqKey="Tsai A">AC Tsai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bangsberg, Dr" uniqKey="Bangsberg D">DR Bangsberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weiser, Sd" uniqKey="Weiser S">SD Weiser</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Weiser, Sd" uniqKey="Weiser S">SD Weiser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Young, Sl" uniqKey="Young S">SL Young</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cohen, Cr" uniqKey="Cohen C">CR Cohen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kushel, Mb" uniqKey="Kushel M">MB Kushel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tsai, Ac" uniqKey="Tsai A">AC Tsai</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dinkelman, T" uniqKey="Dinkelman T">T Dinkelman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lam, D" uniqKey="Lam D">D Lam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leibbrandt, M" uniqKey="Leibbrandt M">M Leibbrandt</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fenton, L" uniqKey="Fenton L">L Fenton</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mishra, V" uniqKey="Mishra V">V Mishra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bignami, S" uniqKey="Bignami S">S Bignami</name></author><author><name sortKey="Greener, R" uniqKey="Greener R">R Greener</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vaessen, M" uniqKey="Vaessen M">M Vaessen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hong, R" uniqKey="Hong R">R Hong</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wilson, D" uniqKey="Wilson D">D Wilson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Halperin, Dt" uniqKey="Halperin D">DT Halperin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dodoo, Fn" uniqKey="Dodoo F">FN Dodoo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zulu, Em" uniqKey="Zulu E">EM Zulu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ezeh, Ac" uniqKey="Ezeh A">AC Ezeh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Johnson, K" uniqKey="Johnson K">K Johnson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Way, A" uniqKey="Way A">A Way</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hargreaves, Jr" uniqKey="Hargreaves J">JR Hargreaves</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bonell, Cp" uniqKey="Bonell C">CP Bonell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boler, T" uniqKey="Boler T">T Boler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boccia, D" uniqKey="Boccia D">D Boccia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Birdthistle, I" uniqKey="Birdthistle I">I Birdthistle</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hargreaves, Jr" uniqKey="Hargreaves J">JR Hargreaves</name></author><author><name sortKey="Glynn, Jr" uniqKey="Glynn J">JR Glynn</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Weiser, Sd" uniqKey="Weiser S">SD Weiser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leiter, K" uniqKey="Leiter K">K Leiter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bangsberg, Dr" uniqKey="Bangsberg D">DR Bangsberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Butler, Lm" uniqKey="Butler L">LM Butler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Percy De Korte, F" uniqKey="Percy De Korte F">F Percy-de Korte</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Miller, Cl" uniqKey="Miller C">CL Miller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bangsberg, Dr" uniqKey="Bangsberg D">DR Bangsberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tuller, Dm" uniqKey="Tuller D">DM Tuller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Senkungu, J" uniqKey="Senkungu J">J Senkungu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kawuma, A" uniqKey="Kawuma A">A Kawuma</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pettifor, Ae" uniqKey="Pettifor A">AE Pettifor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Levandowski, Ba" uniqKey="Levandowski B">BA Levandowski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Macphail, C" uniqKey="Macphail C">C MacPhail</name></author><author><name sortKey="Padian, Ns" uniqKey="Padian N">NS Padian</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cohen, Ms" uniqKey="Cohen M">MS Cohen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kim, J" uniqKey="Kim J">J Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pronyk, P" uniqKey="Pronyk P">P Pronyk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barnett, T" uniqKey="Barnett T">T Barnett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Watts, C" uniqKey="Watts C">C Watts</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brook, Dw" uniqKey="Brook D">DW Brook</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morojele, Nk" uniqKey="Morojele N">NK Morojele</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, C" uniqKey="Zhang C">C Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brook, Js" uniqKey="Brook J">JS Brook</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kaufman, Ce" uniqKey="Kaufman C">CE Kaufman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Clark, S" uniqKey="Clark S">S Clark</name></author><author><name sortKey="Manzini, N" uniqKey="Manzini N">N Manzini</name></author><author><name sortKey="May, J" uniqKey="May J">J May</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cowan, Fm" uniqKey="Cowan F">FM Cowan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pascoe, Sj" uniqKey="Pascoe S">SJ Pascoe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Langhaug, Lf" uniqKey="Langhaug L">LF Langhaug</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dirawo, J" uniqKey="Dirawo J">J Dirawo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chidiya, S" uniqKey="Chidiya S">S Chidiya</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cowan, F" uniqKey="Cowan F">F Cowan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pascoe, Sjs" uniqKey="Pascoe S">SJS Pascoe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lf, L" uniqKey="Lf L">L LF</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mavhu, W" uniqKey="Mavhu W">W Mavhu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chidiya, S" uniqKey="Chidiya S">S Chidiya</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Auvert, B" uniqKey="Auvert B">B Auvert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buve, A" uniqKey="Buve A">A Buve</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ferry, B" uniqKey="Ferry B">B Ferry</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carael, M" uniqKey="Carael M">M Carael</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morison, L" uniqKey="Morison L">L Morison</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Auvert, B" uniqKey="Auvert B">B Auvert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buve, A" uniqKey="Buve A">A Buve</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lagarde, E" uniqKey="Lagarde E">E Lagarde</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kahindo, M" uniqKey="Kahindo M">M Kahindo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chege, J" uniqKey="Chege J">J Chege</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Booysen Fle, R" uniqKey="Booysen Fle R">R Booysen Fle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Summerton, J" uniqKey="Summerton J">J Summerton</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Coffee, Mp" uniqKey="Coffee M">MP Coffee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garnett, Gp" uniqKey="Garnett G">GP Garnett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mlilo, M" uniqKey="Mlilo M">M Mlilo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Voeten, Ha" uniqKey="Voeten H">HA Voeten</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chandiwana, S" uniqKey="Chandiwana S">S Chandiwana</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dunkle, Kl" uniqKey="Dunkle K">KL Dunkle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jewkes, Rk" uniqKey="Jewkes R">RK Jewkes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brown, Hc" uniqKey="Brown H">HC Brown</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gray, Ge" uniqKey="Gray G">GE Gray</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcintryre, Ja" uniqKey="Mcintryre J">JA McIntryre</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Freeman, Ee" uniqKey="Freeman E">EE Freeman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Glynn, Jr" uniqKey="Glynn J">JR Glynn</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Glynn, Jr" uniqKey="Glynn J">JR Glynn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carael, M" uniqKey="Carael M">M Carael</name></author><author><name sortKey="Auvert, B" uniqKey="Auvert B">B Auvert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kahindo, M" uniqKey="Kahindo M">M Kahindo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chege, J" uniqKey="Chege J">J Chege</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gregson, S" uniqKey="Gregson S">S Gregson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mason, Pr" uniqKey="Mason P">PR Mason</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garnett, Gp" uniqKey="Garnett G">GP Garnett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhuwau, T" uniqKey="Zhuwau T">T Zhuwau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nyamukapa, Ca" uniqKey="Nyamukapa C">CA Nyamukapa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gregson, S" uniqKey="Gregson S">S Gregson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nyamukapa, Ca" uniqKey="Nyamukapa C">CA Nyamukapa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garnett, Gp" uniqKey="Garnett G">GP Garnett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mason, Pr" uniqKey="Mason P">PR Mason</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhuwau, T" uniqKey="Zhuwau T">T Zhuwau</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Morison, L" uniqKey="Morison L">L Morison</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weiss, Ha" uniqKey="Weiss H">HA Weiss</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buve, A" uniqKey="Buve A">A Buve</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carael, M" uniqKey="Carael M">M Carael</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abega, Sc" uniqKey="Abega S">SC Abega</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nunn, Aj" uniqKey="Nunn A">AJ Nunn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Hu" uniqKey="Wagner H">HU Wagner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kamali, A" uniqKey="Kamali A">A Kamali</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kengeya Kayondo, Jf" uniqKey="Kengeya Kayondo J">JF Kengeya-Kayondo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mulder, Dw" uniqKey="Mulder D">DW Mulder</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Patel, V" uniqKey="Patel V">V Patel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kleinman, A" uniqKey="Kleinman A">A Kleinman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Todd, J" uniqKey="Todd J">J Todd</name></author><author><name sortKey="Changalucha, J" uniqKey="Changalucha J">J Changalucha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ross, Da" uniqKey="Ross D">DA Ross</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mosha, F" uniqKey="Mosha F">F Mosha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Obasi, Ain" uniqKey="Obasi A">AIN Obasi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dunkle, Kl" uniqKey="Dunkle K">KL Dunkle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jewkes, Rk" uniqKey="Jewkes R">RK Jewkes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brown, Hc" uniqKey="Brown H">HC Brown</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gray, Ge" uniqKey="Gray G">GE Gray</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcintryre, Ja" uniqKey="Mcintryre J">JA McIntryre</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jewkes, Rk" uniqKey="Jewkes R">RK Jewkes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Levin, Jb" uniqKey="Levin J">JB Levin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Penn Kekana, La" uniqKey="Penn Kekana L">LA Penn-Kekana</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Patel, V" uniqKey="Patel V">V Patel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simunyu, E" uniqKey="Simunyu E">E Simunyu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gwanzura, F" uniqKey="Gwanzura F">F Gwanzura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lewis, G" uniqKey="Lewis G">G Lewis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mann, A" uniqKey="Mann A">A Mann</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pascoe, Sjs" uniqKey="Pascoe S">SJS Pascoe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hargreaves, Jr" uniqKey="Hargreaves J">JR Hargreaves</name></author><author><name sortKey="Langhaug, Lf" uniqKey="Langhaug L">LF Langhaug</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hayes, Rj" uniqKey="Hayes R">RJ Hayes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cowan, Fm" uniqKey="Cowan F">FM Cowan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ashley Morrow, R" uniqKey="Ashley Morrow R">R Ashley Morrow</name></author><author><name sortKey="Krantz, E" uniqKey="Krantz E">E Krantz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Friedrich, D" uniqKey="Friedrich D">D Friedrich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wald, A" uniqKey="Wald A">A Wald</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gregson, S" uniqKey="Gregson S">S Gregson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Todd, J" uniqKey="Todd J">J Todd</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zaba, B" uniqKey="Zaba B">B Zaba</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cowan, F" uniqKey="Cowan F">F Cowan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pascoe, S" uniqKey="Pascoe S">S Pascoe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Langhaug, Lf" uniqKey="Langhaug L">LF Langhaug</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jaffar, S" uniqKey="Jaffar S">S Jaffar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hayes, R" uniqKey="Hayes R">R Hayes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hewett, Pc" uniqKey="Hewett P">PC Hewett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mensch, Bs" uniqKey="Mensch B">BS Mensch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Erulkar, As" uniqKey="Erulkar A">AS Erulkar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mensch, Bs" uniqKey="Mensch B">BS Mensch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hewett, Pc" uniqKey="Hewett P">PC Hewett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Erulkar, As" uniqKey="Erulkar A">AS Erulkar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Plummer, Ml" uniqKey="Plummer M">ML Plummer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ross, Da" uniqKey="Ross D">DA Ross</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wight, D" uniqKey="Wight D">D Wight</name></author><author><name sortKey="Changalucha, J" uniqKey="Changalucha J">J Changalucha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mshana, G" uniqKey="Mshana G">G Mshana</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mccoy, S" uniqKey="Mccoy S">S McCoy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ricculli, Ml" uniqKey="Ricculli M">ML Ricculli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buzdugan, R" uniqKey="Buzdugan R">R Buzdugan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mushavi, A" uniqKey="Mushavi A">A Mushavi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mahomva, A" uniqKey="Mahomva A">A Mahomva</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Madise, N" uniqKey="Madise N">N Madise</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zulu, Em" uniqKey="Zulu E">EM Zulu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ciera, J" uniqKey="Ciera J">J Ciera</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bachmann, Mo" uniqKey="Bachmann M">MO Bachmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Booysen, Fl" uniqKey="Booysen F">FL Booysen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barnighausen, T" uniqKey="Barnighausen T">T Barnighausen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hosegood, V" uniqKey="Hosegood V">V Hosegood</name></author><author><name sortKey="Timaeus, Im" uniqKey="Timaeus I">IM Timaeus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Newell, Ml" uniqKey="Newell M">ML Newell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Walque, D" uniqKey="De Walque D">D de Walque</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nakiyingi Miiro, Js" uniqKey="Nakiyingi Miiro J">JS Nakiyingi-Miiro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Busingye, J" uniqKey="Busingye J">J Busingye</name></author><author><name sortKey="Whitworth, Ja" uniqKey="Whitworth J">JA Whitworth</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Glynn, Jr" uniqKey="Glynn J">JR Glynn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carael, M" uniqKey="Carael M">M Carael</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buve, A" uniqKey="Buve A">A Buve</name></author><author><name sortKey="Anagonou, S" uniqKey="Anagonou S">S Anagonou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zekeng, L" uniqKey="Zekeng L">L Zekeng</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hargreaves, Jr" uniqKey="Hargreaves J">JR Hargreaves</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morison, La" uniqKey="Morison L">LA Morison</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Jc" uniqKey="Kim J">JC Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bonell, Cp" uniqKey="Bonell C">CP Bonell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Porter, Jd" uniqKey="Porter J">JD Porter</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gillespie, S" uniqKey="Gillespie S">S Gillespie</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bryceson, Df" uniqKey="Bryceson D">DF Bryceson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fonseca, J" uniqKey="Fonseca J">J Fonseca</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gillespie, S" uniqKey="Gillespie S">S Gillespie</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Baird, Sg" uniqKey="Baird S">SG Baird</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garfein, Rs" uniqKey="Garfein R">RS Garfein</name></author><author><name sortKey="Macintosh, Ct" uniqKey="Macintosh C">CT MacIntosh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ozler, B" uniqKey="Ozler B">B. Ozler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tsai, Ac" uniqKey="Tsai A">AC Tsai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hung, Kj" uniqKey="Hung K">KJ Hung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weiser, Sd" uniqKey="Weiser S">SD Weiser</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Weiser, Sd" uniqKey="Weiser S">SD Weiser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tsai, Ac" uniqKey="Tsai A">AC Tsai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gupta, R" uniqKey="Gupta R">R Gupta</name></author><author><name sortKey="Frongillo, Ea" uniqKey="Frongillo E">EA Frongillo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kawuma, A" uniqKey="Kawuma A">A Kawuma</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shelton, Jd" uniqKey="Shelton J">JD Shelton</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pronyk, Pm" uniqKey="Pronyk P">PM Pronyk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hargreaves, Jr" uniqKey="Hargreaves J">JR Hargreaves</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Jc" uniqKey="Kim J">JC Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morison, La" uniqKey="Morison L">LA Morison</name></author><author><name sortKey="Phetla, G" uniqKey="Phetla G">G Phetla</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kim, Jc" uniqKey="Kim J">JC Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Watts, Ch" uniqKey="Watts C">CH Watts</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hargreaves, Jr" uniqKey="Hargreaves J">JR Hargreaves</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ndhlovu, Lx" uniqKey="Ndhlovu L">LX Ndhlovu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Phetla, G" uniqKey="Phetla G">G Phetla</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pronyk, Pm" uniqKey="Pronyk P">PM Pronyk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Jc" uniqKey="Kim J">JC Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abramsky, T" uniqKey="Abramsky T">T Abramsky</name></author><author><name sortKey="Phetla, G" uniqKey="Phetla G">G Phetla</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hargreaves, Jr" uniqKey="Hargreaves J">JR Hargreaves</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name><publisher-loc>San Francisco, CA USA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25625868</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4307980</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-14-17367</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0115290</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Poverty, Food Insufficiency and HIV Infection and Sexual Behaviour among Young Rural Zimbabwean Women</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Poverty, HIV & Sexual Behaviour in Rural Zimbabwean Women</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pascoe</surname><given-names>Sophie J. S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Langhaug</surname><given-names>Lisa F.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mavhu</surname><given-names>Webster</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hargreaves</surname><given-names>James</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jaffar</surname><given-names>Shabbar</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hayes</surname><given-names>Richard</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cowan</surname><given-names>Frances M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor001">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff001"><label>1</label><addr-line>Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff002"><label>2</label><addr-line>Centre for Sexual Health & HIV Research, Royal Free & University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff003"><label>3</label><addr-line>Centre for Sexual Health and HIV AIDS Research (CeSHHAR) Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe</addr-line></aff><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Wilkinson</surname><given-names>Robert J</given-names></name><role>Academic Editor</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="edit1"><addr-line>Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, SOUTH AFRICA</addr-line></aff><author-notes><fn fn-type="conflict" id="coi001"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn><fn fn-type="con" id="contrib001"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: SJSP LFL WM JH SJ RH FMC. Performed the experiments: SJSP LFL WM FMC. Analyzed the data: SJSP FMC. Wrote the paper: SJSP JH FMC.</p></fn><corresp id="cor001">* E-mail: <email>f.cowan@ucl.ac.uk</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>1</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><elocation-id>e0115290</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>17</day><month>4</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>22</day><month>11</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Pascoe et al</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="pone.0115290.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Background</title><p>Despite a recent decline, Zimbabwe still has the fifth highest adult HIV prevalence in the world at 14.7%; 56% of the population are currently living in extreme poverty.</p></sec><sec><title>Design</title><p>Cross-sectional population-based survey of 18–22 year olds, conducted in 30 communities in south-eastern Zimbabwe in 2007.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>To examine whether the risk of HIV infection among young rural Zimbabwean women is associated with socio-economic position and whether different socio-economic domains, including food sufficiency, might be associated with HIV risk in different ways.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Eligible participants completed a structured questionnaire and provided a finger-prick blood sample tested for antibodies to HIV and HSV-2. The relationship between poverty and HIV was explored for three socio-economic domains: ability to afford essential items; asset wealth; food sufficiency. Analyses were performed to examine whether these domains were associated with HIV infection or risk factors for infection among young women, and to explore which factors might mediate the relationship between poverty and HIV.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>2593 eligible females participated in the survey and were included in the analyses. Overall HIV prevalence among these young females was 7.7% (95% CI: 6.7–8.7); HSV-2 prevalence was 11.2% (95% CI: 9.9–12.4). Lower socio-economic position was associated with lower educational attainment, earlier marriage, increased risk of depression and anxiety disorders and increased reporting of higher risk sexual behaviours such as earlier sexual debut, more and older sexual partners and transactional sex. Young women reporting insufficient food were at increased risk of HIV infection and HSV-2.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>This study provides evidence from Zimbabwe that among young poor women, economic need and food insufficiency are associated with the adoption of unsafe behaviours. Targeted structural interventions that aim to tackle social and economic constraints including insufficient food should be developed and evaluated alongside behaviour and biomedical interventions, as a component of HIV prevention programming and policy.</p></sec></abstract><funding-group><funding-statement>This study was funded through the National Institute of Mental Health (RO1 MH66570). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="2"></fig-count><table-count count="5"></table-count><page-count count="21"></page-count></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta id="data-availability"><meta-name>Data Availability</meta-name><meta-value>The data have been made fully available and published for public access on Figshare along with papers that describe the methods for the trial and the final results and the final survey questionnaire (accession numbers <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1241574">http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1241574</ext-link>; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1243193">http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1243193</ext-link>; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1243192">http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1243192</ext-link>; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1241575">http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1241575</ext-link>).</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta><notes><title>Data Availability</title><p>The data have been made fully available and published for public access on Figshare along with papers that describe the methods for the trial and the final results and the final survey questionnaire (accession numbers <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1241574">http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1241574</ext-link>; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1243193">http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1243193</ext-link>; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1243192">http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1243192</ext-link>; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1241575">http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1241575</ext-link>).</p></notes></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Zimbabwe</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Grand Londres</li></region><settlement><li>Londres</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Pascoe, Sophie J S" sort="Pascoe, Sophie J S" uniqKey="Pascoe S" first="Sophie J. S." last="Pascoe">Sophie J. S. Pascoe</name></region><name sortKey="Cowan, Frances M" sort="Cowan, Frances M" uniqKey="Cowan F" first="Frances M." last="Cowan">Frances M. Cowan</name><name sortKey="Hargreaves, James" sort="Hargreaves, James" uniqKey="Hargreaves J" first="James" last="Hargreaves">James Hargreaves</name><name sortKey="Hayes, Richard" sort="Hayes, Richard" uniqKey="Hayes R" first="Richard" last="Hayes">Richard Hayes</name><name sortKey="Jaffar, Shabbar" sort="Jaffar, Shabbar" uniqKey="Jaffar S" first="Shabbar" last="Jaffar">Shabbar Jaffar</name><name sortKey="Langhaug, Lisa F" sort="Langhaug, Lisa F" uniqKey="Langhaug L" first="Lisa F." last="Langhaug">Lisa F. Langhaug</name></country><country name="Zimbabwe"><noRegion><name sortKey="Mavhu, Webster" sort="Mavhu, Webster" uniqKey="Mavhu W" first="Webster" last="Mavhu">Webster Mavhu</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Cowan, Frances M" sort="Cowan, Frances M" uniqKey="Cowan F" first="Frances M." last="Cowan">Frances M. Cowan</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/SidaSubSaharaV1/Data/Ncbi/Merge
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 002E21 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/biblio.hfd -nk 002E21 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Sante
|area= SidaSubSaharaV1
|flux= Ncbi
|étape= Merge
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:4307980
|texte= Poverty, Food Insufficiency and HIV Infection and Sexual Behaviour among Young Rural Zimbabwean Women
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:25625868" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a SidaSubSaharaV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.32. |  |