The effect of a conditional cash transfer on HIV incidence in young women in rural South Africa (HPTN 068): a phase 3, randomised controlled trial.
Identifieur interne : 000092 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000091; suivant : 000093The effect of a conditional cash transfer on HIV incidence in young women in rural South Africa (HPTN 068): a phase 3, randomised controlled trial.
Auteurs : Audrey Pettifor [Afrique du Sud] ; Catherine Macphail [Australie] ; James P. Hughes [États-Unis] ; Amanda Selin [États-Unis] ; Jing Wang [États-Unis] ; F Xavier G Mez-Olivé [Afrique du Sud] ; Susan H. Eshleman [États-Unis] ; Ryan G. Wagner [Ghana] ; Wonderful Mabuza [Afrique du Sud] ; Nomhle Khoza [Afrique du Sud] ; Chirayath Suchindran [États-Unis] ; Immitrude Mokoena [Afrique du Sud] ; Rhian Twine [Afrique du Sud] ; Philip Andrew [États-Unis] ; Ellen Townley [États-Unis] ; Oliver Laeyendecker [États-Unis] ; Yaw Agyei [États-Unis] ; Stephen Tollman [Ghana] ; Kathleen Kahn [Ghana]Source :
- The Lancet. Global health [ 2214-109X ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Cash transfers have been proposed as an intervention to reduce HIV-infection risk for young women in sub-Saharan Africa. However, scarce evidence is available about their effect on reducing HIV acquisition. We aimed to assess the effect of a conditional cash transfer on HIV incidence among young women in rural South Africa.
DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30253-4
PubMed: 27815148
Affiliations:
- Afrique du Sud, Australie, Ghana, États-Unis
- Caroline du Nord, Gauteng, Maryland, Région du Grand Accra, Washington (État)
- Accra, Johannesbourg, Seattle
- Université de Washington, Université du Witwatersrand
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Electronic address: apettif@email.unc.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Johannesburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Macphail, Catherine" sort="Macphail, Catherine" uniqKey="Macphail C" first="Catherine" last="Macphail">Catherine Macphail</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hughes, James P" sort="Hughes, James P" uniqKey="Hughes J" first="James P" last="Hughes">James P. 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Eshleman</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Ryan G" sort="Wagner, Ryan G" uniqKey="Wagner R" first="Ryan G" last="Wagner">Ryan G. Wagner</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå, Sweden; INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå, Sweden; INDEPTH Network, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mabuza, Wonderful" sort="Mabuza, Wonderful" uniqKey="Mabuza W" first="Wonderful" last="Mabuza">Wonderful Mabuza</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khoza, Nomhle" sort="Khoza, Nomhle" uniqKey="Khoza N" first="Nomhle" last="Khoza">Nomhle Khoza</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Suchindran, Chirayath" sort="Suchindran, Chirayath" uniqKey="Suchindran C" first="Chirayath" last="Suchindran">Chirayath Suchindran</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mokoena, Immitrude" sort="Mokoena, Immitrude" uniqKey="Mokoena I" first="Immitrude" last="Mokoena">Immitrude Mokoena</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Twine, Rhian" sort="Twine, Rhian" uniqKey="Twine R" first="Rhian" last="Twine">Rhian Twine</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andrew, Philip" sort="Andrew, Philip" uniqKey="Andrew P" first="Philip" last="Andrew">Philip Andrew</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>FHI 360, Durham, NC, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>FHI 360, Durham, NC</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Townley, Ellen" sort="Townley, Ellen" uniqKey="Townley E" first="Ellen" last="Townley">Ellen Townley</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of AIDS-Henry M Jackson Foundation, Contractor to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of AIDS-Henry M Jackson Foundation, Contractor to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laeyendecker, Oliver" sort="Laeyendecker, Oliver" uniqKey="Laeyendecker O" first="Oliver" last="Laeyendecker">Oliver Laeyendecker</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Baltimore, MD</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agyei, Yaw" sort="Agyei, Yaw" uniqKey="Agyei Y" first="Yaw" last="Agyei">Yaw Agyei</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tollman, Stephen" sort="Tollman, Stephen" uniqKey="Tollman S" first="Stephen" last="Tollman">Stephen Tollman</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå, Sweden; INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå, Sweden; INDEPTH Network, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kahn, Kathleen" sort="Kahn, Kathleen" uniqKey="Kahn K" first="Kathleen" last="Kahn">Kathleen Kahn</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå, Sweden; INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå, Sweden; INDEPTH Network, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:27815148</idno><idno type="pmid">27815148</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30253-4</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000563</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000563</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000563</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000563</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000563</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000563</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">The effect of a conditional cash transfer on HIV incidence in young women in rural South Africa (HPTN 068): a phase 3, randomised controlled trial.</title><author><name sortKey="Pettifor, Audrey" sort="Pettifor, Audrey" uniqKey="Pettifor A" first="Audrey" last="Pettifor">Audrey Pettifor</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. Electronic address: apettif@email.unc.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Johannesburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Macphail, Catherine" sort="Macphail, Catherine" uniqKey="Macphail C" first="Catherine" last="Macphail">Catherine Macphail</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hughes, James P" sort="Hughes, James P" uniqKey="Hughes J" first="James P" last="Hughes">James P. Hughes</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region><settlement type="city">Seattle</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Washington</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Selin, Amanda" sort="Selin, Amanda" uniqKey="Selin A" first="Amanda" last="Selin">Amanda Selin</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Jing" sort="Wang, Jing" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jing" last="Wang">Jing Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="G Mez Olive, F Xavier" sort="G Mez Olive, F Xavier" uniqKey="G Mez Olive F" first="F Xavier" last="G Mez-Olivé">F Xavier G Mez-Olivé</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eshleman, Susan H" sort="Eshleman, Susan H" uniqKey="Eshleman S" first="Susan H" last="Eshleman">Susan H. Eshleman</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Ryan G" sort="Wagner, Ryan G" uniqKey="Wagner R" first="Ryan G" last="Wagner">Ryan G. Wagner</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå, Sweden; INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå, Sweden; INDEPTH Network, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mabuza, Wonderful" sort="Mabuza, Wonderful" uniqKey="Mabuza W" first="Wonderful" last="Mabuza">Wonderful Mabuza</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khoza, Nomhle" sort="Khoza, Nomhle" uniqKey="Khoza N" first="Nomhle" last="Khoza">Nomhle Khoza</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Suchindran, Chirayath" sort="Suchindran, Chirayath" uniqKey="Suchindran C" first="Chirayath" last="Suchindran">Chirayath Suchindran</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mokoena, Immitrude" sort="Mokoena, Immitrude" uniqKey="Mokoena I" first="Immitrude" last="Mokoena">Immitrude Mokoena</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Twine, Rhian" sort="Twine, Rhian" uniqKey="Twine R" first="Rhian" last="Twine">Rhian Twine</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andrew, Philip" sort="Andrew, Philip" uniqKey="Andrew P" first="Philip" last="Andrew">Philip Andrew</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>FHI 360, Durham, NC, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>FHI 360, Durham, NC</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Townley, Ellen" sort="Townley, Ellen" uniqKey="Townley E" first="Ellen" last="Townley">Ellen Townley</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of AIDS-Henry M Jackson Foundation, Contractor to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of AIDS-Henry M Jackson Foundation, Contractor to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laeyendecker, Oliver" sort="Laeyendecker, Oliver" uniqKey="Laeyendecker O" first="Oliver" last="Laeyendecker">Oliver Laeyendecker</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Baltimore, MD</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agyei, Yaw" sort="Agyei, Yaw" uniqKey="Agyei Y" first="Yaw" last="Agyei">Yaw Agyei</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tollman, Stephen" sort="Tollman, Stephen" uniqKey="Tollman S" first="Stephen" last="Tollman">Stephen Tollman</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå, Sweden; INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå, Sweden; INDEPTH Network, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kahn, Kathleen" sort="Kahn, Kathleen" uniqKey="Kahn K" first="Kathleen" last="Kahn">Kathleen Kahn</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå, Sweden; INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå, Sweden; INDEPTH Network, Accra</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><region nuts="2">Région du Grand Accra</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Lancet. Global health</title><idno type="eISSN">2214-109X</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Cash transfers have been proposed as an intervention to reduce HIV-infection risk for young women in sub-Saharan Africa. However, scarce evidence is available about their effect on reducing HIV acquisition. We aimed to assess the effect of a conditional cash transfer on HIV incidence among young women in rural South Africa.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="In-Process" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">27815148</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2016</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>05</Day></DateCreated><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>15</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2214-109X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>4</Volume><Issue>12</Issue><PubDate><Year>2016</Year><Month>Dec</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>The Lancet. Global health</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Lancet Glob Health</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>The effect of a conditional cash transfer on HIV incidence in young women in rural South Africa (HPTN 068): a phase 3, randomised controlled trial.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>e978-e988</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S2214-109X(16)30253-4</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30253-4</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Cash transfers have been proposed as an intervention to reduce HIV-infection risk for young women in sub-Saharan Africa. However, scarce evidence is available about their effect on reducing HIV acquisition. We aimed to assess the effect of a conditional cash transfer on HIV incidence among young women in rural South Africa.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">We did a phase 3, randomised controlled trial (HPTN 068) in the rural Bushbuckridge subdistrict in Mpumalanga province, South Africa. We included girls aged 13-20 years if they were enrolled in school grades 8-11, not married or pregnant, able to read, they and their parent or guardian both had the necessary documentation necessary to open a bank account, and were residing in the study area and intending to remain until trial completion. Young women (and their parents or guardians) were randomly assigned (1:1), by use of numbered sealed envelopes containing a randomisation assignment card which were numerically ordered with block randomisation, to receive a monthly cash transfer conditional on school attendance (≥80% of school days per month) versus no cash transfer. Participants completed an Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interview (ACASI), before test HIV counselling, HIV and herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 testing, and post-test counselling at baseline, then at annual follow-up visits at 12, 24, and 36 months. Parents or guardians completed a Computer-Assisted Personal Interview at baseline and each follow-up visit. A stratified proportional hazards model was used in an intention-to-treat analysis of the primary outcome, HIV incidence, to compare the intervention and control groups. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01233531).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="FINDINGS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Between March 5, 2011, and Dec 17, 2012, we recruited 10 134 young women and enrolled 2537 and their parents or guardians to receive a cash transfer programme (n=1225) or not (control group; n=1223). At baseline, the median age of girls was 15 years (IQR 14-17) and 672 (27%) had reported to have ever had sex. 107 incident HIV infections were recorded during the study: 59 cases in 3048 person-years in the intervention group and 48 cases in 2830 person-years in the control group. HIV incidence was not significantly different between those who received a cash transfer (1·94% per person-years) and those who did not (1·70% per person-years; hazard ratio 1·17, 95% CI 0·80-1·72, p=0·42).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="INTERPRETATION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Cash transfers conditional on school attendance did not reduce HIV incidence in young women. School attendance significantly reduced risk of HIV acquisition, irrespective of study group. Keeping girls in school is important to reduce their HIV-infection risk.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="FUNDING" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pettifor</LastName><ForeName>Audrey</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. Electronic address: apettif@email.unc.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>MacPhail</LastName><ForeName>Catherine</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hughes</LastName><ForeName>James P</ForeName><Initials>JP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Selin</LastName><ForeName>Amanda</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Jing</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gómez-Olivé</LastName><ForeName>F Xavier</ForeName><Initials>FX</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Eshleman</LastName><ForeName>Susan H</ForeName><Initials>SH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wagner</LastName><ForeName>Ryan G</ForeName><Initials>RG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå, Sweden; INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mabuza</LastName><ForeName>Wonderful</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Khoza</LastName><ForeName>Nomhle</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Suchindran</LastName><ForeName>Chirayath</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mokoena</LastName><ForeName>Immitrude</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Twine</LastName><ForeName>Rhian</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Andrew</LastName><ForeName>Philip</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>FHI 360, Durham, NC, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Townley</LastName><ForeName>Ellen</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of AIDS-Henry M Jackson Foundation, Contractor to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Laeyendecker</LastName><ForeName>Oliver</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Agyei</LastName><ForeName>Yaw</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tollman</LastName><ForeName>Stephen</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå, Sweden; INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kahn</LastName><ForeName>Kathleen</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå, Sweden; INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><DataBankList CompleteYN="Y"><DataBank><DataBankName>ClinicalTrials.gov</DataBankName><AccessionNumberList><AccessionNumber>NCT01233531</AccessionNumber></AccessionNumberList></DataBank></DataBankList><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>UM1 AI069423</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>U01 AI068619</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01 MH087118</GrantID><Acronym>MH</Acronym><Agency>NIMH NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>UM1 AI068613</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>UM1 AI068617</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2016</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>01</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Lancet Glob Health</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101613665</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2214-109X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2016</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>28</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2016</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>30</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2016</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>13</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2016</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2016</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2016</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>6</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27815148</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S2214-109X(16)30253-4</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30253-4</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Afrique du Sud</li><li>Australie</li><li>Ghana</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Caroline du Nord</li><li>Gauteng</li><li>Maryland</li><li>Région du Grand Accra</li><li>Washington (État)</li></region><settlement><li>Accra</li><li>Johannesbourg</li><li>Seattle</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Washington</li><li>Université du Witwatersrand</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Afrique du Sud"><noRegion><name sortKey="Pettifor, Audrey" sort="Pettifor, Audrey" uniqKey="Pettifor A" first="Audrey" last="Pettifor">Audrey Pettifor</name></noRegion><name sortKey="G Mez Olive, F Xavier" sort="G Mez Olive, F Xavier" uniqKey="G Mez Olive F" first="F Xavier" last="G Mez-Olivé">F Xavier G Mez-Olivé</name><name sortKey="Khoza, Nomhle" sort="Khoza, Nomhle" uniqKey="Khoza N" first="Nomhle" last="Khoza">Nomhle Khoza</name><name sortKey="Mabuza, Wonderful" sort="Mabuza, Wonderful" uniqKey="Mabuza W" first="Wonderful" last="Mabuza">Wonderful Mabuza</name><name sortKey="Mokoena, Immitrude" sort="Mokoena, Immitrude" uniqKey="Mokoena I" first="Immitrude" last="Mokoena">Immitrude Mokoena</name><name sortKey="Twine, Rhian" sort="Twine, Rhian" uniqKey="Twine R" first="Rhian" last="Twine">Rhian Twine</name></country><country name="Australie"><region name="Gauteng"><name sortKey="Macphail, Catherine" sort="Macphail, Catherine" uniqKey="Macphail C" first="Catherine" last="Macphail">Catherine Macphail</name></region></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Washington (État)"><name sortKey="Hughes, James P" sort="Hughes, James P" uniqKey="Hughes J" first="James P" last="Hughes">James P. Hughes</name></region><name sortKey="Agyei, Yaw" sort="Agyei, Yaw" uniqKey="Agyei Y" first="Yaw" last="Agyei">Yaw Agyei</name><name sortKey="Andrew, Philip" sort="Andrew, Philip" uniqKey="Andrew P" first="Philip" last="Andrew">Philip Andrew</name><name sortKey="Eshleman, Susan H" sort="Eshleman, Susan H" uniqKey="Eshleman S" first="Susan H" last="Eshleman">Susan H. Eshleman</name><name sortKey="Laeyendecker, Oliver" sort="Laeyendecker, Oliver" uniqKey="Laeyendecker O" first="Oliver" last="Laeyendecker">Oliver Laeyendecker</name><name sortKey="Selin, Amanda" sort="Selin, Amanda" uniqKey="Selin A" first="Amanda" last="Selin">Amanda Selin</name><name sortKey="Suchindran, Chirayath" sort="Suchindran, Chirayath" uniqKey="Suchindran C" first="Chirayath" last="Suchindran">Chirayath Suchindran</name><name sortKey="Townley, Ellen" sort="Townley, Ellen" uniqKey="Townley E" first="Ellen" last="Townley">Ellen Townley</name><name sortKey="Wang, Jing" sort="Wang, Jing" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jing" last="Wang">Jing Wang</name></country><country name="Ghana"><region name="Région du Grand Accra"><name sortKey="Wagner, Ryan G" sort="Wagner, Ryan G" uniqKey="Wagner R" first="Ryan G" last="Wagner">Ryan G. Wagner</name></region><name sortKey="Kahn, Kathleen" sort="Kahn, Kathleen" uniqKey="Kahn K" first="Kathleen" last="Kahn">Kathleen Kahn</name><name sortKey="Tollman, Stephen" sort="Tollman, Stephen" uniqKey="Tollman S" first="Stephen" last="Tollman">Stephen Tollman</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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