Family communication about HIV/AIDS and sexual behaviour among senior secondary school students in Accra, Ghana
Identifieur interne : 000306 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 000305; suivant : 000307Family communication about HIV/AIDS and sexual behaviour among senior secondary school students in Accra, Ghana
Auteurs : Samuel Adu-MirekuSource :
- African Health Sciences [ 1680-6905 ] ; 2003.
Abstract
Sexually active adolescents in Ghana are increasingly at risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. As a primary agent of socialization, the family can exert a strong influence on adolescent sexual behaviour. Therefore, to aid in the design and implementation of effective prevention programmes, it is important to understand the role of the family in influencing sexual behaviour among school-going adolescents.
To evaluate the relationship between family communications about HIV/AIDS and sexual activity and condom use among school-going adolescents in Accra, Ghana.
A sample of 894 students (56.9% girls, 43.1% boys; mean age = 17.4 years, SD = 1.40) at two senior secondary schools in Accra completed a modified version of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) questionnaire, a self-administered instrument developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Analytical techniques utilized included logistic regression and chisquare.
Twenty-five percent of the participants reported being sexually experienced, and 73.6% had talked about HIV/AIDS with parents or other family members. Of the sexually experienced students, 64.7% initiated first sexual intercourse by age 16; and 55.7% did not use a condom at last sexual intercourse. Bivariate analysis showed significant gender differences in sexual activity, condom use, and family communication about HIV/AIDS. Logistic regression analysis showed that student-family communication about HIV/AIDS was not associated with sexual activity. However, communication about HIV/AIDS between students and parents or other family members increased the odds of using a condom at last sexual intercourse.
The findings of this study suggest that prevention programmes that seek to educate Ghanaian school-going adolescents about sexual risk behaviour must strongly encourage communication about HIV/AIDS between students and family members.
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PubMed: 12789082
PubMed Central: 2141593
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PMC:2141593Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Family communication about HIV/AIDS and sexual behaviour among senior secondary school students in Accra, Ghana</title>
<author><name sortKey="Adu Mireku, Samuel" sort="Adu Mireku, Samuel" uniqKey="Adu Mireku S" first="Samuel" last="Adu-Mireku">Samuel Adu-Mireku</name>
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<idno type="RBID">PMC:2141593</idno>
<date when="2003">2003</date>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Family communication about HIV/AIDS and sexual behaviour among senior secondary school students in Accra, Ghana</title>
<author><name sortKey="Adu Mireku, Samuel" sort="Adu Mireku, Samuel" uniqKey="Adu Mireku S" first="Samuel" last="Adu-Mireku">Samuel Adu-Mireku</name>
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<series><title level="j">African Health Sciences</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1680-6905</idno>
<imprint><date when="2003">2003</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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</sourceDesc>
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<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>Sexually active adolescents in Ghana are increasingly at risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. As a primary agent of socialization, the family can exert a strong influence on adolescent sexual behaviour. Therefore, to aid in the design and implementation of effective prevention programmes, it is important to understand the role of the family in influencing sexual behaviour among school-going adolescents.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Objectives</title>
<p>To evaluate the relationship between family communications about HIV/AIDS and sexual activity and condom use among school-going adolescents in Accra, Ghana.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="methods"><title>Method</title>
<p>A sample of 894 students (56.9% girls, 43.1% boys; mean age = 17.4 years, SD = 1.40) at two senior secondary schools in Accra completed a modified version of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) questionnaire, a self-administered instrument developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Analytical techniques utilized included logistic regression and chisquare.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="results"><title>Results</title>
<p>Twenty-five percent of the participants reported being sexually experienced, and 73.6% had talked about HIV/AIDS with parents or other family members. Of the sexually experienced students, 64.7% initiated first sexual intercourse by age 16; and 55.7% did not use a condom at last sexual intercourse. Bivariate analysis showed significant gender differences in sexual activity, condom use, and family communication about HIV/AIDS. Logistic regression analysis showed that student-family communication about HIV/AIDS was not associated with sexual activity. However, communication about HIV/AIDS between students and parents or other family members increased the odds of using a condom at last sexual intercourse.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="conclusions"><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>The findings of this study suggest that prevention programmes that seek to educate Ghanaian school-going adolescents about sexual risk behaviour must strongly encourage communication about HIV/AIDS between students and family members.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Afr Health Sci</journal-id>
<journal-title>African Health Sciences</journal-title>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1680-6905</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Makerere Medical School</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Kampala, Uganda</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">12789082</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2141593</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">jAFHS.v3.i1.pg7</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Articles</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Family communication about HIV/AIDS and sexual behaviour among senior secondary school students in Accra, Ghana</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Adu-Mireku</surname>
<given-names>Samuel</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Department of Social Sciences, Fayetteville State University, 1200 Murchison Road, Fayetteville, NC 28301, USA</aff>
<author-notes><corresp>Correspondence to: Samuel Adu-Mireku Department of Social Sciences Fayetteville State University 1200 Murchison Road Fayetteville, NC 28301, USA Tel: (910) 672-1042 Fax: (910) 672-1378 E-mail: <email>sadu-mireku@uncfsu.edu</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>4</month>
<year>2003</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>3</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>7</fpage>
<lpage>14</lpage>
<copyright-statement>Copyright © Makerere Medical School, Uganda 2003</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2003</copyright-year>
<abstract abstract-type="executive-summary"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>Sexually active adolescents in Ghana are increasingly at risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. As a primary agent of socialization, the family can exert a strong influence on adolescent sexual behaviour. Therefore, to aid in the design and implementation of effective prevention programmes, it is important to understand the role of the family in influencing sexual behaviour among school-going adolescents.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Objectives</title>
<p>To evaluate the relationship between family communications about HIV/AIDS and sexual activity and condom use among school-going adolescents in Accra, Ghana.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="methods"><title>Method</title>
<p>A sample of 894 students (56.9% girls, 43.1% boys; mean age = 17.4 years, SD = 1.40) at two senior secondary schools in Accra completed a modified version of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) questionnaire, a self-administered instrument developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Analytical techniques utilized included logistic regression and chisquare.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="results"><title>Results</title>
<p>Twenty-five percent of the participants reported being sexually experienced, and 73.6% had talked about HIV/AIDS with parents or other family members. Of the sexually experienced students, 64.7% initiated first sexual intercourse by age 16; and 55.7% did not use a condom at last sexual intercourse. Bivariate analysis showed significant gender differences in sexual activity, condom use, and family communication about HIV/AIDS. Logistic regression analysis showed that student-family communication about HIV/AIDS was not associated with sexual activity. However, communication about HIV/AIDS between students and parents or other family members increased the odds of using a condom at last sexual intercourse.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="conclusions"><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>The findings of this study suggest that prevention programmes that seek to educate Ghanaian school-going adolescents about sexual risk behaviour must strongly encourage communication about HIV/AIDS between students and family members.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>Ghana</kwd>
<kwd>adolescent health</kwd>
<kwd>risky sexual behaviour</kwd>
<kwd>condom use</kwd>
<kwd>gender differences</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<floats-wrap><table-wrap id="T1" position="float"><label>Table 1</label>
<caption><p>Crosstabulation of Sexual Activity, Condom Use, and Family Communication about HIV/AIDS, by Gender</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr valign="top"><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gender</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="bottom"><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Variable</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><underline>Girls</underline>
<break></break>
<italic>n</italic>
(%)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><underline>Boys</underline>
<break></break>
<italic>n</italic>
(%)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Odds ratio</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>95% C1</italic>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>p</italic>
Value</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr valign="top"><td colspan="7" align="left" rowspan="1">Ever had sexual intercourse</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">76(15.1)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">143(37.7)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.40</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.44–4.47</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0000</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">426(84.9)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">236(62.3)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td colspan="7" align="left" rowspan="1">Condom use<xref rid="TF1" ref-type="table-fn">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">40(57.1)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">51(37.0)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.2.7</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.22–4.27</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.006</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">30(42.9)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">87(63.0)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td colspan="7" align="left" rowspan="1">Talk about HIV/AIDS<xref rid="TF2" ref-type="table-fn">†</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">346(81.0)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">196(63.2)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.48</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.75–3.52</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.000001</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">81(19.0)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">114(36.8)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total %</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">(100.0)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">(100.0)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><p><underline>Note.</underline>
</p>
<p>CI = Confidence intervals</p>
<fn id="TF1"><label>*</label>
<p>Includes only respondents who have ever had sexual intercourse.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="TF2"><label>†</label>
<p>Includes only respondents who have heard about HIV/AIDS.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="T2" position="float"><label>Table 2</label>
<caption><p>Crosstabulation of Sexual Activity, Condom Use, and Family Communication about HIV/AIDS, by School of Attendance</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr valign="top"><td colspan="7" align="left" rowspan="1">School of Attendance</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="bottom"><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Variable</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><underline>School A</underline>
<break></break>
<italic>n</italic>
(%)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><underline>School B</underline>
<break></break>
<italic>n</italic>
(%)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Odds ration</italic>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>95% CI</italic>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>p</italic>
Value</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr valign="top"><td colspan="7" align="left" rowspan="1"><bold><italic>Ever had sexual intercourse</italic>
</bold>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">72(16.3)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">150(33.6)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.61</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.87–3.64</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0000</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">371(83.7)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">296(66.4)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td colspan="7" align="left" rowspan="1">Condom use<xref rid="TF3" ref-type="table-fn">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">32(46.4)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">61(43.3)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.13</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.61–2.11</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6700</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">37(53.6)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">80(56.7)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td colspan="7" align="left" rowspan="1">Talk about HIV/AIDS<xref rid="TF4" ref-type="table-fn">†</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">266(71.1)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">281(76.2)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.30</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.92–1.82</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1199</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">108(28.9)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">88(23.8)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total %</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">(100.0)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">(100.0)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><p><underline>Note.</underline>
</p>
<p>CI = Confidence intervals</p>
<fn id="TF3"><label>*</label>
<p>Includes only respondents who have ever had sexual intercourse.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="TF4"><label>†</label>
<p>Includes only respondents who have heard about HIV/AIDS.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="T3" position="float"><label>Table 3</label>
<caption><p>Odds Ratios of Logistic Regression of Lifetime Sexual Activity and Condom Use Among Senior
Secondary School Students in Accra, Ghana, by Family Communication and Demographic Characteristics</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr valign="top"><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td colspan="3" align="left" rowspan="1">Ever Had Sexual<break></break>
<underline>Intercourse</underline>
</td>
<td colspan="3" align="left" rowspan="1">Used Condom at Last<break></break>
<underline>Sexual Intercoursea<xref rid="TF5" ref-type="table-fn">a</xref>
</underline>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Variable</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">(1)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">(2)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">(3)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">(4)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">(5)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">(6)</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr valign="top"><td colspan="8" align="left" rowspan="1">Talked about HIV/AIDS</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No (ref.)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">.70</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">.92</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">.85</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.21<xref rid="TF6" ref-type="table-fn">*</xref>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.20<xref rid="TF6" ref-type="table-fn">*</xref>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.23<xref rid="TF6" ref-type="table-fn">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td colspan="8" align="left" rowspan="1">Gender</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Boys (ref.)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Girls</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">.28<xref rid="TF6" ref-type="table-fn">*</xref>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">.30<xref rid="TF6" ref-type="table-fn">*</xref>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.62<xref rid="TF6" ref-type="table-fn">*</xref>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.72<xref rid="TF6" ref-type="table-fn">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td colspan="2" align="left" rowspan="1">Age (in years)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.37<xref rid="TF6" ref-type="table-fn">*</xref>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.43<xref rid="TF6" ref-type="table-fn">*</xref>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.09</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.24</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td colspan="8" align="left" rowspan="1">Grade</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">10<sup>th</sup>
—SSS1 (ref.)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">11<sup>th</sup>
—SSS2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.50</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.29</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">12<sup>th</sup>
—SSS3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.49</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.46</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td colspan="7" align="left" rowspan="1">School of attendance</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td colspan="7" align="left" rowspan="1">School B (ref.)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">School A</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">.42<xref rid="TF6" ref-type="table-fn">*</xref>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.19<xref rid="TF6" ref-type="table-fn">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td colspan="2" align="left" rowspan="1">(−2) Log Likelihood</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">789.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">691.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">670.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">212.1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">198.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">195.2</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td colspan="2" align="left" rowspan="1">Model Chi-Square<xref rid="TF7" ref-type="table-fn">‡</xref>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">85.2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">106.6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.0</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.8</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.6</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>d.f.</italic>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">741</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">728</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">728</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">159</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">155</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">155</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><p><underline>Note.</underline>
</p>
<fn id="TF5"><label>a</label>
<p>Includes only students who have ever had sexual intercourse.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="TF6"><label>*</label>
<p><italic>p</italic>
< .05</p>
</fn>
<fn id="TF7"><label>‡</label>
<p>All model chi-squares are significant at <italic>p</italic>
< .05</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</floats-wrap>
</pmc>
</record>
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