Vertical transmission of HIV in ghanaian women diagnosed in cord blood and post-natal samples
Identifieur interne : 000049 ( PascalFrancis/Curation ); précédent : 000048; suivant : 000050Vertical transmission of HIV in ghanaian women diagnosed in cord blood and post-natal samples
Auteurs : Lucia Fischetti [Royaume-Uni] ; Kwabena Danso [Ghana] ; Albert Dompreh [Ghana] ; Victor Addo [Ghana] ; Lars Haaheim [Norvège] ; Jean-Pierre Allain [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Journal of medical virology [ 0146-6615 ] ; 2005.
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Abstract
HIV RNA detection in the newborn is the main diagnostic tool for vertical transmission. Most infections are thought to occur peri- or post-natally, hence preventive antiviral therapy administered days before and during delivery. This study used cord blood for molecular diagnosis, examined viral load and HIV-1 subtypes as determinants of transmission, and compared molecular variability of maternal, cord blood, and post-natal quasispecies. Ninety-seven seropositive mother-cord blood paired plasmas from Ghana were tested for HIV RNA. Viral load was quantified and a subgroup of 45 random women samples was typed and subtyped. HIV-1 from infected pairs was cloned, sequenced, and analyzed phylogenetically. The prevalence of HIV infection in pregnant women was 3.3%. 13/97 cord blood samples (13.5%) contained HIV RNA. No correlation between either viral load at labor (range 103-107) or HIV-1 subtype and in utero transmission wasfound. In both transmitting and non-transmitting mothers, 56% of HIV-1 strains were CRF02_AG. In three pairs, maternal and cord blood quasispecies were closely related, suggesting late pregnancy or perinatal transmission, while in four pairs, genetic distances suggested transmission earlier during gestation. Maternal viral load and genotype did not correlate with HIV-1 pre-natal transmission. HIV infection during gestation appears relatively frequent.
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sort="Dompreh, Albert" uniqKey="Dompreh A" first="Albert" last="Dompreh">Albert Dompreh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Microbiology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital</s1><s2>Kumasi</s2><s3>GHA</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Ghana</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Addo, Victor" sort="Addo, Victor" uniqKey="Addo V" first="Victor" last="Addo">Victor Addo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital</s1><s2>Kumasi</s2><s3>GHA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Ghana</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haaheim, Lars" sort="Haaheim, Lars" uniqKey="Haaheim L" first="Lars" last="Haaheim">Lars Haaheim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Bergen</s1><s2>Bergen</s2><s3>NOR</s3><sZ>5 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post-natal samples</title><author><name sortKey="Fischetti, Lucia" sort="Fischetti, Lucia" uniqKey="Fischetti L" first="Lucia" last="Fischetti">Lucia Fischetti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Haematology, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Cambridge</s1><s2>Cambridge</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Danso, Kwabena" sort="Danso, Kwabena" uniqKey="Danso K" first="Kwabena" last="Danso">Kwabena Danso</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital</s1><s2>Kumasi</s2><s3>GHA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Ghana</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dompreh, Albert" sort="Dompreh, Albert" uniqKey="Dompreh A" first="Albert" last="Dompreh">Albert Dompreh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Microbiology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital</s1><s2>Kumasi</s2><s3>GHA</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Ghana</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Addo, Victor" sort="Addo, Victor" uniqKey="Addo V" first="Victor" last="Addo">Victor Addo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital</s1><s2>Kumasi</s2><s3>GHA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Ghana</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haaheim, Lars" sort="Haaheim, Lars" uniqKey="Haaheim L" first="Lars" last="Haaheim">Lars Haaheim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Bergen</s1><s2>Bergen</s2><s3>NOR</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Norvège</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Allain, Jean Pierre" sort="Allain, Jean Pierre" uniqKey="Allain J" first="Jean-Pierre" last="Allain">Jean-Pierre Allain</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Haematology, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Cambridge</s1><s2>Cambridge</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of medical virology</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. med. virol.</title><idno type="ISSN">0146-6615</idno><imprint><date when="2005">2005</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Journal of medical virology</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. med. virol.</title><idno type="ISSN">0146-6615</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Blood</term><term>Female</term><term>Ghana</term><term>Human</term><term>Human immunodeficiency virus</term><term>Subtype</term><term>Vertical transmission</term><term>Viral load</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Virus immunodéficience humaine</term><term>Homme</term><term>Transmission verticale</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Sang</term><term>Ghana</term><term>Charge virale</term><term>Soustype</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Ghana</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Homme</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">HIV RNA detection in the newborn is the main diagnostic tool for vertical transmission. Most infections are thought to occur peri- or post-natally, hence preventive antiviral therapy administered days before and during delivery. This study used cord blood for molecular diagnosis, examined viral load and HIV-1 subtypes as determinants of transmission, and compared molecular variability of maternal, cord blood, and post-natal quasispecies. Ninety-seven seropositive mother-cord blood paired plasmas from Ghana were tested for HIV RNA. Viral load was quantified and a subgroup of 45 random women samples was typed and subtyped. HIV-1 from infected pairs was cloned, sequenced, and analyzed phylogenetically. The prevalence of HIV infection in pregnant women was 3.3%. 13/97 cord blood samples (13.5%) contained HIV RNA. No correlation between either viral load at labor (range 10<sup>3</sup>-10<sup>7</sup>) or HIV-1 subtype and in utero transmission wasfound. In both transmitting and non-transmitting mothers, 56% of HIV-1 strains were CRF02_AG. In three pairs, maternal and cord blood quasispecies were closely related, suggesting late pregnancy or perinatal transmission, while in four pairs, genetic distances suggested transmission earlier during gestation. Maternal viral load and genotype did not correlate with HIV-1 pre-natal transmission. 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