Le SIDA au Ghana (serveur d'exploration)

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Information Needs, Information Sources and Information Use

Identifieur interne : 000757 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000756; suivant : 000758

Information Needs, Information Sources and Information Use

Auteurs :

Source :

RBID : ISTEX:508FE9E277DA02A3582619E7411CB9727260D279

English descriptors


Url:
DOI: 10.1177/0266666905054500

Links to Exploration step

ISTEX:508FE9E277DA02A3582619E7411CB9727260D279

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<meta-value> Surveys of the information needs of various groups of users are a popular form of research methodology in the library and information field, and the papers in this issue offer a number of examples. The first, by Kendra S. Albright and Dick Kawooya, presents the results of a pilot survey of 'The Role of Information in Uganda's Reduction of HIV/AIDS: individual perceptions of HIV/AIDS information'. Though small in scale, the survey elicited interesting comments by individual Ugandans on their personal views of the impact of HIV/AIDS and how they obtained information about the disease and its effects. Uganda's multisectoral strategy for the dissemination of HIV/AIDS through- out society has been credited, in part, for the signifi- cant reduction in the prevalence of AIDS in the country in recent years. The results of this pilot survey show that, while radio is the main source of general information on AIDS, the main impact on behavioural change has been from personal sources and through informal channels of communication. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) do not appear to play an important role in the dissemination of HIV/AIDS information in Uganda. The importance of personal contacts as sources of information in African communities is also empha- sized in the next paper, 'Income-generating Activities and Sources of Information of Rural Women in Botswana', by Neo Patricia Mooko. This reports on a survey of women in three rural villages in Botswana, whose ability to use conventional sources of infor- mation is severely limited because of their low levels of literacy and general education. Access to con- ventional sources was, in any case, limited; for example, none of the three villages had a library. The women therefore depended mainly on agricultural demonstrators, friends, relatives, neighbours and women's organizations for information in support of their income-generating activities. Although the user group which was the subject of the third study reported here had access to a library in principle, it was 6 kilometres away from their place of work, and most of them obtained current informationabout their profession by attending meetings, seminars and conferences rather than by using the library or computerized sources of information. The study is described in the paper, 'Information Seeking by Nurses in the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria', by N.A. Ajayi. Based on a survey of 500 professional nurses, the study showed that, while the nurses were aware of their needs for current information to keep abreast of the latest developments in their profession, the existing library and information services were not highly rated as information sources and were unable to provide the information needed to support evidence-based nursing practice. The fourth survey reported in this issue takes us to a different part of the world and a different group of users. In their paper, 'Domestic Computer Usage and Activities in West Coast Malaysia: age and income differences',NoorIsmawatiJaafarandAinin Sulaiman report on a survey of more than 3,000 home computer owners in five states in Malaysia which aimed to examine the level of domestic computer usage and identify the common activities associated with computers among the households. The results show that teenagers are heavy domestic computer users in comparison with users in other age groups, while people with high incomes are heavier users than those in low and middle income groups. While in general most households use their computers for entertainment, high income earners use them most for work-related activities. The computer users who were the subjects of this study were beneficiaries of one of a number of government programmes designed to increase computer ownership and ensure universal access among the population; nevertheless, the authors conclude that further government efforts are needed to provide affordable connectivity so as to encourage the sharing of information. The next paper takes us back to Africa and to yet another group of information users. In 'Statistical Information Resources and Development Planning in Ghana', Musah Adams and Jacqueline Dede Anum report on a study which aimed to assess the extent to Information Development (ISSN 0266-6669) Copyright 2005 SAGE Publications. Vol. 21, No. 2, DOI: 10.1177/0266666905054500 91 EDITORIAL Information Needs, Information Sources and Information Use which the information resources of the Ghana Statisti- cal Service (GSS) were used by District Assemblies in support of their development planning activities. The results showed that the published reports and publi- cations of the GSS were the main sources of statistical information used by district level development planners, who found out about these resources through participating in workshops and seminars. Although the information resources of the GSS were in general considered adequate, the District Assemblies encountered many obstacles in making use of them. We remain in West Africa with the next paper the only one in this issue not reporting the results of a survey. In his paper, 'Grey Literature: the forgotten collection in academic libraries in Sierra Leone', John Abdul Kargbo describes how academic librarians in Sierra Leone are preoccupied with the problems of collection development amidst rising student enrol- ments, new curricula and decreasing budgets and in the face of a growing need for information and the need to take account of the implications of the infor- mation technology revolution. They need to demon- strate their value to the educational process with the effective collection and management of grey literature and to learn how best they can deliver this literature to a wide range of library users. The final paper in this issue, 'Resource Sharing Services and Constraints in Selected Seventh-day Adventists University Libraries in Sub-Saharan Africa', by Margaret Adeogun, reports on a study of the resource-sharing practices and the views of librar- ians, academic staff and students with regard to resource-sharing, in five Seventh-day Adventist uni- versity libraries in Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Uganda and Zimbabwe. The study revealed that some of these libraries were not involved in any kind of resource sharing, while in others, the only forms of resource sharing were referral of readers to other libraries and very limited interlibrary lending. The author con- cludes that the establishment of effective and well- structured resource sharing services would help the emerging Seventh-day Adventists university libraries in Africa to provide better support to learning and research activities on their campuses. Divisions over the Digital Divide In previous editorials (Vol. 17, no. 4 and Vol. 18, no. 1), we have looked briefly at conflicting views on the true extent of the digital divide, with some sources claiming that it is still growing wider and others, that it is beingprogressively reduced. Now comes a statement said to have come from one of the most authoritative inter- national organizations the World Bank to the effect that "The digital divide is rapidly closing". According to a Reuters news item released on Friday 24 February 2005,* The 'digital divide' between rich and poor nations is narrowing fast, the World Bank said on Thursday, calling into question a costly United Nations campaign to bring hi-tech telecommuni- cations to the developing world. As some 1,700 international experts gathered in Geneva to prepare for the UN's World Summit on the Infor- mation Society (WSIS), the World Bank said in a report that telecommunications services to poor countries were growing at an explosive rate. ... Half the world's population now enjoys access to a fixed-line telephone, the report said, and 77 percent to a mobile network surpassing a WSIS campaign goal that calls for 50 percent access by 2015. The report said there were 59 million fixed- line or mobile phones in Africa in 2002 contra- dicting Senegalese President Abdoulaye Wade's claim at a UN news conference last year that there were more telephones in Manhattan than in all of Africa. "Unless New Yorkers and their commuter friends have 12 phones each, Africa now has many more telephones than Manhat- tan," the World Bank report said. The World Bank report is clearly worth studying in more detail but where to find it? Neither the Reuters item nor any of the many newspapers and radio and television stations that picked it up gives any more information about the report. The only mention of it on the World Bank's own website is in yet another reference to the text of the Reuters item as published in two of these secondary sources. The website for the World Summit on the Information Society contains what is said to be a complete listing of all the docu- ments submitted to the preparatory conference in Geneva, but which also makes no reference to the World Bank report. A Google search simply throws up the original Reuters item and its many appearances in other media. 'Digital divide' or not, it seems there are still other, more basic, information gaps needing to be filled in this so-called Information Age! *http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=top News&storyID=7731166 EDITORIAL 92 Information Development (ISSN 0266-6669) Copyright 2005 SAGE Publications. 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