Vertical transmission of HIV in Ghanaian women diagnosed in cord blood and post‐natal samples
Identifieur interne : 000084 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000083; suivant : 000085Vertical transmission of HIV in Ghanaian women diagnosed in cord blood and post‐natal samples
Auteurs : Lucia Fischetti ; Kwabena Danso ; Albert Dompreh ; Victor Addo ; Lars Haaheim ; Jean-Pierre AllainSource :
- Journal of Medical Virology [ 0146-6615 ] ; 2005-11.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Aids fischetti, Blood donors, Blood pairs, Clone, Cord, Cord blood, Cord blood clones, Cord blood quasispecies, Cord blood samples, Cord clones, Cord quasispecies, Detectable virus, Fischetti, Genetic distance, Genetic diversity, Genetic variability, Genital secretions, Genotype, Higher prevalence, Human virus, Human virus type, Immune response, Infection prevalence, Intrapartum transmission, Komfo anokye teaching hospital, Maternal, Maternal clones, Maternal plasma, Maternal quasispecies, Maternal variants, Median, Minor variant, Molecular epidemiology, Multiple variants, Newborn sample, Newborn samples, Novel diagnostics, Nucleotide distances, Other studies, Overall rate, Perinatal, Perinatal transmission, Peripheral blood, Pregnant women, Quasispecies, Second round, Selective processes, Several studies, Small number, Study group, Subtype, Subtype distribution, Subtypes, Transfusion medicine, Transmission, Utero, Utero transmission, Variant, Vertical transmission, Viral, Viral compartmentalization, Viral load, Viral load distribution, Viral quasispecies, Virol, Virus populations, Virus type.
- Teeft :
- Aids fischetti, Blood donors, Blood pairs, Clone, Cord, Cord blood, Cord blood clones, Cord blood quasispecies, Cord blood samples, Cord clones, Cord quasispecies, Detectable virus, Fischetti, Genetic distance, Genetic diversity, Genetic variability, Genital secretions, Genotype, Higher prevalence, Human virus, Human virus type, Immune response, Infection prevalence, Intrapartum transmission, Komfo anokye teaching hospital, Maternal, Maternal clones, Maternal plasma, Maternal quasispecies, Maternal variants, Median, Minor variant, Molecular epidemiology, Multiple variants, Newborn sample, Newborn samples, Novel diagnostics, Nucleotide distances, Other studies, Overall rate, Perinatal, Perinatal transmission, Peripheral blood, Pregnant women, Quasispecies, Second round, Selective processes, Several studies, Small number, Study group, Subtype, Subtype distribution, Subtypes, Transfusion medicine, Transmission, Utero, Utero transmission, Variant, Vertical transmission, Viral, Viral compartmentalization, Viral load, Viral load distribution, Viral quasispecies, Virol, Virus populations, Virus type.
Abstract
HIV RNA detection in the newborn is the main diagnostic tool for vertical transmission. Most infections are thought to occur peri‐ or post‐natally, hence preventive antiviral therapy administered days before and during delivery. This study used cord blood for molecular diagnosis, examined viral load and HIV‐1 subtypes as determinants of transmission, and compared molecular variability of maternal, cord blood, and post‐natal quasispecies. Ninety‐seven seropositive mother‐cord blood paired plasmas from Ghana were tested for HIV RNA. Viral load was quantified and a subgroup of 45 random women samples was typed and subtyped. HIV‐1 from infected pairs was cloned, sequenced, and analyzed phylogenetically. The prevalence of HIV infection in pregnant women was 3.3%. 13/97 cord blood samples (13.5%) contained HIV RNA. No correlation between either viral load at labor (range 103–107) or HIV‐1 subtype and in utero transmission was found. In both transmitting and non‐transmitting mothers, 56% of HIV‐1 strains were CRF02_AG. In three pairs, maternal and cord blood quasispecies were closely related, suggesting late pregnancy or perinatal transmission, while in four pairs, genetic distances suggested transmission earlier during gestation. Maternal viral load and genotype did not correlate with HIV‐1 pre‐natal transmission. HIV infection during gestation appears relatively frequent. J. Med. Virol. 77:351–359, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20463
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:A1B968CCD0DD7DCBA22EA04C3533EB8185C35061Le document en format XML
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type="alt">JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY</title><idno type="ISSN">0146-6615</idno><idno type="eISSN">1096-9071</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">77</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="351">351</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="359">359</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">9</biblScope><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2005-11">2005-11</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0146-6615</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0146-6615</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Aids fischetti</term><term>Blood donors</term><term>Blood pairs</term><term>Clone</term><term>Cord</term><term>Cord blood</term><term>Cord blood clones</term><term>Cord blood quasispecies</term><term>Cord blood samples</term><term>Cord clones</term><term>Cord 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virus</term><term>Fischetti</term><term>Genetic distance</term><term>Genetic diversity</term><term>Genetic variability</term><term>Genital secretions</term><term>Genotype</term><term>Higher prevalence</term><term>Human virus</term><term>Human virus type</term><term>Immune response</term><term>Infection prevalence</term><term>Intrapartum transmission</term><term>Komfo anokye teaching hospital</term><term>Maternal</term><term>Maternal clones</term><term>Maternal plasma</term><term>Maternal quasispecies</term><term>Maternal variants</term><term>Median</term><term>Minor variant</term><term>Molecular epidemiology</term><term>Multiple variants</term><term>Newborn sample</term><term>Newborn samples</term><term>Novel diagnostics</term><term>Nucleotide distances</term><term>Other studies</term><term>Overall rate</term><term>Perinatal</term><term>Perinatal transmission</term><term>Peripheral blood</term><term>Pregnant women</term><term>Quasispecies</term><term>Second round</term><term>Selective 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Most infections are thought to occur peri‐ or post‐natally, hence preventive antiviral therapy administered days before and during delivery. This study used cord blood for molecular diagnosis, examined viral load and HIV‐1 subtypes as determinants of transmission, and compared molecular variability of maternal, cord blood, and post‐natal quasispecies. Ninety‐seven seropositive mother‐cord blood paired plasmas from Ghana were tested for HIV RNA. Viral load was quantified and a subgroup of 45 random women samples was typed and subtyped. HIV‐1 from infected pairs was cloned, sequenced, and analyzed phylogenetically. The prevalence of HIV infection in pregnant women was 3.3%. 13/97 cord blood samples (13.5%) contained HIV RNA. No correlation between either viral load at labor (range 103–107) or HIV‐1 subtype and in utero transmission was found. In both transmitting and non‐transmitting mothers, 56% of HIV‐1 strains were CRF02_AG. In three pairs, maternal and cord blood quasispecies were closely related, suggesting late pregnancy or perinatal transmission, while in four pairs, genetic distances suggested transmission earlier during gestation. Maternal viral load and genotype did not correlate with HIV‐1 pre‐natal transmission. HIV infection during gestation appears relatively frequent. J. Med. Virol. 77:351–359, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>viral</json:string><json:string>quasispecies</json:string><json:string>cord blood</json:string><json:string>human virus type</json:string><json:string>vertical transmission</json:string><json:string>virol</json:string><json:string>clone</json:string><json:string>utero</json:string><json:string>fischetti</json:string><json:string>cord blood samples</json:string><json:string>viral load</json:string><json:string>pregnant women</json:string><json:string>utero transmission</json:string><json:string>perinatal</json:string><json:string>genotype</json:string><json:string>perinatal transmission</json:string><json:string>virus type</json:string><json:string>cord</json:string><json:string>cord blood quasispecies</json:string><json:string>multiple variants</json:string><json:string>genetic 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populations</json:string><json:string>nucleotide distances</json:string></teeft></keywords><author><json:item><name>Lucia Fischetti</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Haematology, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Kwabena Danso</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Albert Dompreh</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Microbiology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Victor Addo</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Lars Haaheim</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Jean‐Pierre Allain</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Haematology, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</json:string><json:string>Department of Haematology, Division of Transfusion Medicine, East Anglia Blood Centre, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 2PT, UK.===</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>HIV</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Ghana</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>vertical transmission</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>cord blood</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>viral load</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>subtype</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>JMV20463</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>HIV RNA detection in the newborn is the main diagnostic tool for vertical transmission. Most infections are thought to occur peri‐ or post‐natally, hence preventive antiviral therapy administered days before and during delivery. This study used cord blood for molecular diagnosis, examined viral load and HIV‐1 subtypes as determinants of transmission, and compared molecular variability of maternal, cord blood, and post‐natal quasispecies. Ninety‐seven seropositive mother‐cord blood paired plasmas from Ghana were tested for HIV RNA. Viral load was quantified and a subgroup of 45 random women samples was typed and subtyped. HIV‐1 from infected pairs was cloned, sequenced, and analyzed phylogenetically. The prevalence of HIV infection in pregnant women was 3.3%. 13/97 cord blood samples (13.5%) contained HIV RNA. No correlation between either viral load at labor (range 103–107) or HIV‐1 subtype and in utero transmission was found. In both transmitting and non‐transmitting mothers, 56% of HIV‐1 strains were CRF02_AG. In three pairs, maternal and cord blood quasispecies were closely related, suggesting late pregnancy or perinatal transmission, while in four pairs, genetic distances suggested transmission earlier during gestation. Maternal viral load and genotype did not correlate with HIV‐1 pre‐natal transmission. HIV infection during gestation appears relatively frequent. J. Med. Virol. 77:351–359, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>7.472</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>594 x 792 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>1446</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>5545</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>35056</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>9</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>206</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Vertical transmission of HIV in Ghanaian women diagnosed in cord blood and post‐natal samples</title><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><title>Journal of Medical Virology</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><doi><json:string>10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9071</json:string></doi><issn><json:string>0146-6615</json:string></issn><eissn><json:string>1096-9071</json:string></eissn><publisherId><json:string>JMV</json:string></publisherId><volume>77</volume><issue>3</issue><pages><first>351</first><last>359</last><total>9</total></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><subject><json:item><value>Research Article</value></json:item></subject></host><categories><wos><json:string>science</json:string><json:string>virology</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>health sciences</json:string><json:string>biomedical research</json:string><json:string>virology</json:string></scienceMetrix><inist><json:string>sciences appliquees, technologies et medecines</json:string><json:string>sciences biologiques et medicales</json:string><json:string>sciences medicales</json:string><json:string>pathologie infectieuse</json:string></inist></categories><publicationDate>2005</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2005</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1002/jmv.20463</json:string></doi><id>A1B968CCD0DD7DCBA22EA04C3533EB8185C35061</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/A1B968CCD0DD7DCBA22EA04C3533EB8185C35061/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/A1B968CCD0DD7DCBA22EA04C3533EB8185C35061/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/A1B968CCD0DD7DCBA22EA04C3533EB8185C35061/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Vertical transmission of HIV in Ghanaian women diagnosed in cord blood and post‐natal samples</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><availability><licence>Copyright © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</licence></availability><date type="published" when="2005-11"></date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content-type" subtype="article" source="article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</note><note type="publication-type" subtype="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="article"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Vertical transmission of HIV in Ghanaian women diagnosed in cord blood and post‐natal samples</title><title level="a" type="short" xml:lang="en">HIV in Utero Transmission in Ghana</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">Lucia</forename><surname>Fischetti</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Haematology, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom<address><country key="GB"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Kwabena</forename><surname>Danso</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana<address><country key="GH"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">Albert</forename><surname>Dompreh</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana<address><country key="GH"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">Victor</forename><surname>Addo</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana<address><country key="GH"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">Lars</forename><surname>Haaheim</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway<address><country key="NO"></country></address></affiliation><note type="foot">Lars Haaheim is a stockholder and consultant with Plasmacute. Jean‐Pierre Allain is a consultant to Plasmacute (Novel Diagnostics). These connections have no bearing on the reported data since Plasmacute is strictly involved in the detection of intra‐cellular antibodies. All other authors have no interest or conflict of interest with the supporting company.</note></author><author xml:id="author-0005" role="corresp"><persName><forename type="first">Jean‐Pierre</forename><surname>Allain</surname></persName><email>jpa1000@cam.ac.uk</email><affiliation>Department of Haematology, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom<address><country key="GB"></country></address></affiliation><affiliation>Department of Haematology, Division of Transfusion Medicine, East Anglia Blood Centre, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 2PT, UK.===</affiliation></author><idno type="istex">A1B968CCD0DD7DCBA22EA04C3533EB8185C35061</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/jmv.20463</idno><idno type="unit">JMV20463</idno><idno type="toTypesetVersion">file:JMV.JMV20463.pdf</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j" type="main">Journal of Medical Virology</title><title level="j" type="alt">JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY</title><idno type="pISSN">0146-6615</idno><idno type="eISSN">1096-9071</idno><idno type="book-DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9071</idno><idno type="book-part-DOI">10.1002/jmv.v77:3</idno><idno type="product">JMV</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">77</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="351">351</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="359">359</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">9</biblScope><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2005-11"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><abstract xml:lang="en" style="main"><head>Abstract</head><p>HIV RNA detection in the newborn is the main diagnostic tool for vertical transmission. Most infections are thought to occur peri‐ or post‐natally, hence preventive antiviral therapy administered days before and during delivery. This study used cord blood for molecular diagnosis, examined viral load and HIV‐1 subtypes as determinants of transmission, and compared molecular variability of maternal, cord blood, and post‐natal quasispecies. Ninety‐seven seropositive mother‐cord blood paired plasmas from Ghana were tested for HIV RNA. Viral load was quantified and a subgroup of 45 random women samples was typed and subtyped. HIV‐1 from infected pairs was cloned, sequenced, and analyzed phylogenetically. The prevalence of HIV infection in pregnant women was 3.3%. 13/97 cord blood samples (13.5%) contained HIV RNA. No correlation between either viral load at labor (range 10<hi rend="superscript">3</hi>–10<hi rend="superscript">7</hi>) or HIV‐1 subtype and in utero transmission was found. In both transmitting and non‐transmitting mothers, 56% of HIV‐1 strains were CRF02_AG. In three pairs, maternal and cord blood quasispecies were closely related, suggesting late pregnancy or perinatal transmission, while in four pairs, genetic distances suggested transmission earlier during gestation. Maternal viral load and genotype did not correlate with HIV‐1 pre‐natal transmission. HIV infection during gestation appears relatively frequent. J. Med. Virol. 77:351–359, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords xml:lang="en"><term xml:id="kwd1">HIV</term><term xml:id="kwd2">Ghana</term><term xml:id="kwd3">vertical transmission</term><term xml:id="kwd4">cord blood</term><term xml:id="kwd5">viral load</term><term xml:id="kwd6">subtype</term></keywords><classCode scheme="articleCategory">Research Article</classCode></textClass><langUsage><language ident="EN"></language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/A1B968CCD0DD7DCBA22EA04C3533EB8185C35061/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisherName><publisherLoc>Hoboken</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9071</doi><issn type="print">0146-6615</issn><issn type="electronic">1096-9071</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="JMV"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY">Journal of Medical Virology</title><title type="short">J. Med. Virol.</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="30"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/jmv.v77:3</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="77">77</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">3</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2005-11">November 2005</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="4" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/jmv.20463</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="JMV20463"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="9"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Research Article</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="publisher">Copyright © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="2005-07-20"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2005-09-19"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2005-09-19"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:JWSART34_TO_WML3G version:2.3.2 mode:FullText source:HeaderRef result:HeaderRef" date="2010-03-15"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:4.0.1" date="2014-03-20"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-30"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">351</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">359</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Department of Haematology, Division of Transfusion Medicine, East Anglia Blood Centre, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 2PT, UK.===</correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:JMV.JMV20463.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="2"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="3"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="46"></count><count type="wordTotal" number="1717"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en">Vertical transmission of HIV in Ghanaian women diagnosed in cord blood and post‐natal samples</title><title type="short" xml:lang="en">HIV in Utero Transmission in Ghana</title></titleGroup><creators><creator xml:id="au1" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>Lucia</givenNames><familyName>Fischetti</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au2" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>Kwabena</givenNames><familyName>Danso</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au3" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af3"><personName><givenNames>Albert</givenNames><familyName>Dompreh</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au4" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>Victor</givenNames><familyName>Addo</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au5" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af4" noteRef="#fn1"><personName><givenNames>Lars</givenNames><familyName>Haaheim</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au6" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>Jean‐Pierre</givenNames><familyName>Allain</familyName></personName><contactDetails><email>jpa1000@cam.ac.uk</email></contactDetails></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="af1" countryCode="GB" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Haematology, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af2" countryCode="GH" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af3" countryCode="GH" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Microbiology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af4" countryCode="NO" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">HIV</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd2">Ghana</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd3">vertical transmission</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd4">cord blood</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd5">viral load</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd6">subtype</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>HIV RNA detection in the newborn is the main diagnostic tool for vertical transmission. Most infections are thought to occur peri‐ or post‐natally, hence preventive antiviral therapy administered days before and during delivery. This study used cord blood for molecular diagnosis, examined viral load and HIV‐1 subtypes as determinants of transmission, and compared molecular variability of maternal, cord blood, and post‐natal quasispecies. Ninety‐seven seropositive mother‐cord blood paired plasmas from Ghana were tested for HIV RNA. Viral load was quantified and a subgroup of 45 random women samples was typed and subtyped. HIV‐1 from infected pairs was cloned, sequenced, and analyzed phylogenetically. The prevalence of HIV infection in pregnant women was 3.3%. 13/97 cord blood samples (13.5%) contained HIV RNA. No correlation between either viral load at labor (range 10<sup>3</sup>–10<sup>7</sup>) or HIV‐1 subtype and in utero transmission was found. In both transmitting and non‐transmitting mothers, 56% of HIV‐1 strains were CRF02_AG. In three pairs, maternal and cord blood quasispecies were closely related, suggesting late pregnancy or perinatal transmission, while in four pairs, genetic distances suggested transmission earlier during gestation. Maternal viral load and genotype did not correlate with HIV‐1 pre‐natal transmission. HIV infection during gestation appears relatively frequent. J. Med. Virol. 77:351–359, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="fn1"><p>Lars Haaheim is a stockholder and consultant with Plasmacute. Jean‐Pierre Allain is a consultant to Plasmacute (Novel Diagnostics). These connections have no bearing on the reported data since Plasmacute is strictly involved in the detection of intra‐cellular antibodies. All other authors have no interest or conflict of interest with the supporting company.</p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Vertical transmission of HIV in Ghanaian women diagnosed in cord blood and post‐natal samples</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>HIV in Utero Transmission in Ghana</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Vertical transmission of HIV in Ghanaian women diagnosed in cord blood and post‐natal samples</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lucia</namePart><namePart type="family">Fischetti</namePart><affiliation>Department of Haematology, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Kwabena</namePart><namePart type="family">Danso</namePart><affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Albert</namePart><namePart type="family">Dompreh</namePart><affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Victor</namePart><namePart type="family">Addo</namePart><affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lars</namePart><namePart type="family">Haaheim</namePart><affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway</affiliation><description>Lars Haaheim is a stockholder and consultant with Plasmacute. Jean‐Pierre Allain is a consultant to Plasmacute (Novel Diagnostics). These connections have no bearing on the reported data since Plasmacute is strictly involved in the detection of intra‐cellular antibodies. All other authors have no interest or conflict of interest with the supporting company.</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jean‐Pierre</namePart><namePart type="family">Allain</namePart><affiliation>Department of Haematology, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Haematology, Division of Transfusion Medicine, East Anglia Blood Centre, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 2PT, UK.===</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Hoboken</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2005-11</dateIssued><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2005-07-20</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2005</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">2</extent><extent unit="tables">3</extent><extent unit="references">46</extent><extent unit="words">1717</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">HIV RNA detection in the newborn is the main diagnostic tool for vertical transmission. Most infections are thought to occur peri‐ or post‐natally, hence preventive antiviral therapy administered days before and during delivery. This study used cord blood for molecular diagnosis, examined viral load and HIV‐1 subtypes as determinants of transmission, and compared molecular variability of maternal, cord blood, and post‐natal quasispecies. Ninety‐seven seropositive mother‐cord blood paired plasmas from Ghana were tested for HIV RNA. Viral load was quantified and a subgroup of 45 random women samples was typed and subtyped. HIV‐1 from infected pairs was cloned, sequenced, and analyzed phylogenetically. The prevalence of HIV infection in pregnant women was 3.3%. 13/97 cord blood samples (13.5%) contained HIV RNA. No correlation between either viral load at labor (range 103–107) or HIV‐1 subtype and in utero transmission was found. In both transmitting and non‐transmitting mothers, 56% of HIV‐1 strains were CRF02_AG. In three pairs, maternal and cord blood quasispecies were closely related, suggesting late pregnancy or perinatal transmission, while in four pairs, genetic distances suggested transmission earlier during gestation. Maternal viral load and genotype did not correlate with HIV‐1 pre‐natal transmission. HIV infection during gestation appears relatively frequent. J. Med. Virol. 77:351–359, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>HIV</topic><topic>Ghana</topic><topic>vertical transmission</topic><topic>cord blood</topic><topic>viral load</topic><topic>subtype</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Medical Virology</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J. Med. 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