Non‐replication of association for six polymorphisms from meta‐analysis of genome‐wide association studies of Parkinson's disease: Large‐scale collaborative study
Identifieur interne : 001411 ( Main/Curation ); précédent : 001410; suivant : 001412Non‐replication of association for six polymorphisms from meta‐analysis of genome‐wide association studies of Parkinson's disease: Large‐scale collaborative study
Auteurs : Evangelos Evangelou [Grèce, Suisse] ; Demetrius M. Maraganore [États-Unis] ; Grazia Annesi [Italie] ; Laura Brighina [Italie] ; Alexis Brice [France] ; Alexis Elbaz [France] ; Carlo Ferrarese [Italie] ; Georgios M. Hadjigeorgiou [Grèce] ; Rejko Krueger [Allemagne] ; Jean-Charles Lambert [France] ; Suzanne Lesage [France] ; Katerina Markopoulou [Grèce] ; George D. Mellick [Australie] ; Bram Meeus [Belgique] ; Nancy L. Pedersen [Suède] ; Aldo Quattrone [Italie] ; Christine Van Broeckhoven [Belgique] ; Manu Sharma [Allemagne] ; Peter A. Silburn [Australie] ; Eng-King Tan [Singapour] ; Karin Wirdefeldt [Suède] ; John P. A. Ioannidis [Grèce, États-Unis]Source :
- American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics [ 1552-4841 ] ; 2010-01.
English descriptors
Abstract
Early genome‐wide association (GWA) studies on Parkinson's disease (PD) have not been able to yield conclusive, replicable signals of association, perhaps due to limited sample size. We aimed to investigate whether association signals derived from the meta‐analysis of the first two GWA investigations might be replicable in different populations. We examined six single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1000291, rs1865997, rs2241743, rs2282048, rs2313982, and rs3018626) that had reached nominal significance with at least two of three different strategies proposed in a previous analysis of the original GWA studies. Investigators from the “Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease” (GEOPD) consortium were invited to join in this study. Ten teams contributed replication data from 3,458 PD cases and 3,719 controls. The data from the two previously published GWAs (599 PD cases, 592 controls and 443 sibling pairs) were considered as well. All data were synthesized using both fixed and random effects models. The summary allelic odds ratios were ranging from 0.97 to 1.09 by random effects, when all data were included. The summary estimates of the replication data sets (excluding the original GWA data) were very close to 1.00 (range 0.98–1.09) and none of the effects were nominally statistically significant. The replication data sets had significantly different results than the GWA data. Our data do not support evidence that any of these six SNPs reflect susceptibility markers for PD. Much stronger signals of statistical significance in GWA platforms are needed to have substantial chances of replication. Specifically in PD genetics, this would require much larger GWA studies and perhaps novel analytical techniques. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30980
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Silburn</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, School of Biomolecular & Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, School of Biomolecular & Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tan, Eng Ing" sort="Tan, Eng Ing" uniqKey="Tan E" first="Eng-King" last="Tan">Eng-King Tan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Duke‐NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country><wicri:regionArea>Duke‐NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wirdefeldt, Karin" sort="Wirdefeldt, Karin" uniqKey="Wirdefeldt K" first="Karin" last="Wirdefeldt">Karin Wirdefeldt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ioannidis, John P A" sort="Ioannidis, John P A" uniqKey="Ioannidis J" first="John P. A." last="Ioannidis">John P. A. Ioannidis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology‐Hellas, Ioannina, Greece</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology‐Hellas, Ioannina</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><mods:affiliation>Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:68E70C853EFE5AFD90130B73F5F1049A38153365</idno><date when="2010" year="2010">2010</date><idno type="doi">10.1002/ajmg.b.30980</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/68E70C853EFE5AFD90130B73F5F1049A38153365/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">001645</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">001411</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Non‐replication of association for six polymorphisms from meta‐analysis of genome‐wide association studies of Parkinson's disease: Large‐scale collaborative study</title><author><name sortKey="Evangelou, Evangelos" sort="Evangelou, Evangelos" uniqKey="Evangelou E" first="Evangelos" last="Evangelou">Evangelos Evangelou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maraganore, Demetrius M" sort="Maraganore, Demetrius M" uniqKey="Maraganore D" first="Demetrius M." last="Maraganore">Demetrius M. Maraganore</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Minnesota</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Annesi, Grazia" sort="Annesi, Grazia" uniqKey="Annesi G" first="Grazia" last="Annesi">Grazia Annesi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Mangone, Italy</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Mangone</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brighina, Laura" sort="Brighina, Laura" uniqKey="Brighina L" first="Laura" last="Brighina">Laura Brighina</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Section of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Milano‐Bicocca San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Section of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Milano‐Bicocca San Gerardo Hospital, Monza</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brice, Alexis" sort="Brice, Alexis" uniqKey="Brice A" first="Alexis" last="Brice">Alexis Brice</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>INSERM, UMR_S679, Paris, France</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM, UMR_S679, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elbaz, Alexis" sort="Elbaz, Alexis" uniqKey="Elbaz A" first="Alexis" last="Elbaz">Alexis Elbaz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>INSERM, Unit 708, Paris, France</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM, Unit 708, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>UPMC Univ Paris 06, U708, Neuroepidemiology, Paris, France</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>UPMC Univ Paris 06, U708, Neuroepidemiology, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrarese, Carlo" sort="Ferrarese, Carlo" uniqKey="Ferrarese C" first="Carlo" last="Ferrarese">Carlo Ferrarese</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Section of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Milano‐Bicocca San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Section of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Milano‐Bicocca San Gerardo Hospital, Monza</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hadjigeorgiou, Georgios M" sort="Hadjigeorgiou, Georgios M" uniqKey="Hadjigeorgiou G" first="Georgios M." last="Hadjigeorgiou">Georgios M. Hadjigeorgiou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, School of Medicine, Larissa, Greece</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, School of Medicine, Larissa</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Institute of Biomedical Research & Technology, CERETETH, Larissa, Greece</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biomedical Research & Technology, CERETETH, Larissa</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krueger, Rejko" sort="Krueger, Rejko" uniqKey="Krueger R" first="Rejko" last="Krueger">Rejko Krueger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lambert, Jean Harles" sort="Lambert, Jean Harles" uniqKey="Lambert J" first="Jean-Charles" last="Lambert">Jean-Charles Lambert</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>INSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille 2, Lille, France</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille 2, Lille</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lesage, Suzanne" sort="Lesage, Suzanne" uniqKey="Lesage S" first="Suzanne" last="Lesage">Suzanne Lesage</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>INSERM, UMR_S679, Paris, France</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM, UMR_S679, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Markopoulou, Katerina" sort="Markopoulou, Katerina" uniqKey="Markopoulou K" first="Katerina" last="Markopoulou">Katerina Markopoulou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, School of Medicine, Larissa, Greece</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, School of Medicine, Larissa</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mellick, George D" sort="Mellick, George D" uniqKey="Mellick G" first="George D." last="Mellick">George D. Mellick</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, School of Biomolecular & Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, School of Biomolecular & Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meeus, Bram" sort="Meeus, Bram" uniqKey="Meeus B" first="Bram" last="Meeus">Bram Meeus</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerpen, Belgium</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerpen</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born‐Bunge, Antwerpen, Belgium</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born‐Bunge, Antwerpen</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Antwerp, Antwerpen</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Nancy L" sort="Pedersen, Nancy L" uniqKey="Pedersen N" first="Nancy L." last="Pedersen">Nancy L. Pedersen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Quattrone, Aldo" sort="Quattrone, Aldo" uniqKey="Quattrone A" first="Aldo" last="Quattrone">Aldo Quattrone</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Institute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Broeckhoven, Christine" sort="Van Broeckhoven, Christine" uniqKey="Van Broeckhoven C" first="Christine" last="Van Broeckhoven">Christine Van Broeckhoven</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerpen, Belgium</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerpen</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born‐Bunge, Antwerpen, Belgium</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born‐Bunge, Antwerpen</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Antwerp, Antwerpen</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sharma, Manu" sort="Sharma, Manu" uniqKey="Sharma M" first="Manu" last="Sharma">Manu Sharma</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silburn, Peter A" sort="Silburn, Peter A" uniqKey="Silburn P" first="Peter A." last="Silburn">Peter A. Silburn</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, School of Biomolecular & Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, School of Biomolecular & Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tan, Eng Ing" sort="Tan, Eng Ing" uniqKey="Tan E" first="Eng-King" last="Tan">Eng-King Tan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Duke‐NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country><wicri:regionArea>Duke‐NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wirdefeldt, Karin" sort="Wirdefeldt, Karin" uniqKey="Wirdefeldt K" first="Karin" last="Wirdefeldt">Karin Wirdefeldt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ioannidis, John P A" sort="Ioannidis, John P A" uniqKey="Ioannidis J" first="John P. A." last="Ioannidis">John P. A. Ioannidis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology‐Hellas, Ioannina, Greece</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology‐Hellas, Ioannina</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><mods:affiliation>Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Am. J. Med. Genet.</title><idno type="ISSN">1552-4841</idno><idno type="eISSN">1552-485X</idno><imprint><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2010-01">2010-01</date><biblScope unit="volume">153B</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="220">220</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="228">228</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1552-4841</idno></series><idno type="istex">68E70C853EFE5AFD90130B73F5F1049A38153365</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/ajmg.b.30980</idno><idno type="ArticleID">AJMG30980</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1552-4841</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Parkinson's disease</term><term>genome‐wide association</term><term>meta‐analysis</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Early genome‐wide association (GWA) studies on Parkinson's disease (PD) have not been able to yield conclusive, replicable signals of association, perhaps due to limited sample size. We aimed to investigate whether association signals derived from the meta‐analysis of the first two GWA investigations might be replicable in different populations. We examined six single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1000291, rs1865997, rs2241743, rs2282048, rs2313982, and rs3018626) that had reached nominal significance with at least two of three different strategies proposed in a previous analysis of the original GWA studies. Investigators from the “Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease” (GEOPD) consortium were invited to join in this study. Ten teams contributed replication data from 3,458 PD cases and 3,719 controls. The data from the two previously published GWAs (599 PD cases, 592 controls and 443 sibling pairs) were considered as well. All data were synthesized using both fixed and random effects models. The summary allelic odds ratios were ranging from 0.97 to 1.09 by random effects, when all data were included. The summary estimates of the replication data sets (excluding the original GWA data) were very close to 1.00 (range 0.98–1.09) and none of the effects were nominally statistically significant. The replication data sets had significantly different results than the GWA data. Our data do not support evidence that any of these six SNPs reflect susceptibility markers for PD. Much stronger signals of statistical significance in GWA platforms are needed to have substantial chances of replication. Specifically in PD genetics, this would require much larger GWA studies and perhaps novel analytical techniques. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</div></front></TEI></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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