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Non‐replication of association for six polymorphisms from meta‐analysis of genome‐wide association studies of Parkinson's disease: Large‐scale collaborative study

Identifieur interne : 001645 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 001644; suivant : 001646

Non‐replication of association for six polymorphisms from meta‐analysis of genome‐wide association studies of Parkinson's disease: Large‐scale collaborative study

Auteurs : Evangelos Evangelou ; Demetrius M. Maraganore ; Grazia Annesi ; Laura Brighina ; Alexis Brice ; Alexis Elbaz ; Carlo Ferrarese ; Georgios M. Hadjigeorgiou ; Rejko Krueger ; Jean-Charles Lambert ; Suzanne Lesage ; Katerina Markopoulou ; George D. Mellick ; Bram Meeus ; Nancy L. Pedersen ; Aldo Quattrone ; Christine Van Broeckhoven ; Manu Sharma ; Peter A. Silburn ; Eng-King Tan ; Karin Wirdefeldt ; John P. A. Ioannidis

Source :

RBID : ISTEX:68E70C853EFE5AFD90130B73F5F1049A38153365

English descriptors

Abstract

Early genome‐wide association (GWA) studies on Parkinson's disease (PD) have not been able to yield conclusive, replicable signals of association, perhaps due to limited sample size. We aimed to investigate whether association signals derived from the meta‐analysis of the first two GWA investigations might be replicable in different populations. We examined six single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1000291, rs1865997, rs2241743, rs2282048, rs2313982, and rs3018626) that had reached nominal significance with at least two of three different strategies proposed in a previous analysis of the original GWA studies. Investigators from the “Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease” (GEOPD) consortium were invited to join in this study. Ten teams contributed replication data from 3,458 PD cases and 3,719 controls. The data from the two previously published GWAs (599 PD cases, 592 controls and 443 sibling pairs) were considered as well. All data were synthesized using both fixed and random effects models. The summary allelic odds ratios were ranging from 0.97 to 1.09 by random effects, when all data were included. The summary estimates of the replication data sets (excluding the original GWA data) were very close to 1.00 (range 0.98–1.09) and none of the effects were nominally statistically significant. The replication data sets had significantly different results than the GWA data. Our data do not support evidence that any of these six SNPs reflect susceptibility markers for PD. Much stronger signals of statistical significance in GWA platforms are needed to have substantial chances of replication. Specifically in PD genetics, this would require much larger GWA studies and perhaps novel analytical techniques. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Url:
DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30980

Links to Exploration step

ISTEX:68E70C853EFE5AFD90130B73F5F1049A38153365

Le document en format XML

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<name sortKey="Markopoulou, Katerina" sort="Markopoulou, Katerina" uniqKey="Markopoulou K" first="Katerina" last="Markopoulou">Katerina Markopoulou</name>
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<name sortKey="Van Broeckhoven, Christine" sort="Van Broeckhoven, Christine" uniqKey="Van Broeckhoven C" first="Christine" last="Van Broeckhoven">Christine Van Broeckhoven</name>
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<name sortKey="Tan, Eng Ing" sort="Tan, Eng Ing" uniqKey="Tan E" first="Eng-King" last="Tan">Eng-King Tan</name>
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<title level="j">American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics</title>
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<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Early genome‐wide association (GWA) studies on Parkinson's disease (PD) have not been able to yield conclusive, replicable signals of association, perhaps due to limited sample size. We aimed to investigate whether association signals derived from the meta‐analysis of the first two GWA investigations might be replicable in different populations. We examined six single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1000291, rs1865997, rs2241743, rs2282048, rs2313982, and rs3018626) that had reached nominal significance with at least two of three different strategies proposed in a previous analysis of the original GWA studies. Investigators from the “Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease” (GEOPD) consortium were invited to join in this study. Ten teams contributed replication data from 3,458 PD cases and 3,719 controls. The data from the two previously published GWAs (599 PD cases, 592 controls and 443 sibling pairs) were considered as well. All data were synthesized using both fixed and random effects models. The summary allelic odds ratios were ranging from 0.97 to 1.09 by random effects, when all data were included. The summary estimates of the replication data sets (excluding the original GWA data) were very close to 1.00 (range 0.98–1.09) and none of the effects were nominally statistically significant. The replication data sets had significantly different results than the GWA data. Our data do not support evidence that any of these six SNPs reflect susceptibility markers for PD. Much stronger signals of statistical significance in GWA platforms are needed to have substantial chances of replication. Specifically in PD genetics, this would require much larger GWA studies and perhaps novel analytical techniques. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</div>
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<note type="content">*How to Cite this Article: Evangelou E, Maraganore DM, Annesi G, Brighina L, Brice A, Elbaz A, Ferrarese C, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Krueger R, Lambert J‐C, Lesage S, Markopoulou K, Mellick GD, Meeus B, Pedersen NL, Quattrone A, Van Broeckhoven C, Sharma M, Silburn PA, Tan EK, Wirdefeldt K, Ioannidis JPA. 2010. Non‐Replication of Association for Six Polymorphisms From Meta‐Analysis of Genome‐Wide Association Studies of Parkinson's Disease: Large‐Scale Collaborative Study. Am J Med Genet Part B 153B:220–228.</note>
<note>Inserm</note>
<note>MSA</note>
<note>Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Environnement et du Travail, France Parkinson</note>
<note>FIRB 2003 GENOPOLIS Project - No. RBLA038RMA_003;</note>
<note>National Institutes of Health (NIH) - No. 2R01 ES10751; No. ES10758; No. AG 08724;</note>
<note>Michael J. Fox Grants (Linked Efforts to Accelerate Parkinson's Solutions, and Edmond J. Safra Global Genetics Consortia)</note>
<note>The Swedish Medical Research Council, the Swedish Society of Medicine and the Parkinson Foundation in Sweden</note>
<note>VIB Genetic Service Facility</note>
<note>The Biobank of the Institute Born‐Bunge</note>
<note>Fund for Scientific Research Flanders, the Institute for Science and Technology – Flanders (IWT‐V)</note>
<note>Foundation for Alzheimer Research (SAO/FRMA)</note>
<note>Interuniversity Attraction Poles Program P6/43 of the Belgian Science Policy Office, Belgium</note>
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<personName>
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<keyword xml:id="kwd1">Parkinson's disease</keyword>
<keyword xml:id="kwd2">meta‐analysis</keyword>
<keyword xml:id="kwd3">genome‐wide association</keyword>
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<fundingInfo>
<fundingAgency>Inserm</fundingAgency>
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<fundingAgency>MSA</fundingAgency>
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<fundingInfo>
<fundingAgency>Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Environnement et du Travail, France Parkinson</fundingAgency>
</fundingInfo>
<fundingInfo>
<fundingAgency>FIRB 2003 GENOPOLIS Project</fundingAgency>
<fundingNumber>RBLA038RMA_003</fundingNumber>
</fundingInfo>
<fundingInfo>
<fundingAgency>National Institutes of Health (NIH)</fundingAgency>
<fundingNumber>2R01 ES10751</fundingNumber>
<fundingNumber>ES10758</fundingNumber>
<fundingNumber>AG 08724</fundingNumber>
</fundingInfo>
<fundingInfo>
<fundingAgency>Michael J. Fox Grants (Linked Efforts to Accelerate Parkinson's Solutions, and Edmond J. Safra Global Genetics Consortia)</fundingAgency>
</fundingInfo>
<fundingInfo>
<fundingAgency>The Swedish Medical Research Council, the Swedish Society of Medicine and the Parkinson Foundation in Sweden</fundingAgency>
</fundingInfo>
<fundingInfo>
<fundingAgency>VIB Genetic Service Facility</fundingAgency>
</fundingInfo>
<fundingInfo>
<fundingAgency>The Biobank of the Institute Born‐Bunge</fundingAgency>
</fundingInfo>
<fundingInfo>
<fundingAgency>Fund for Scientific Research Flanders, the Institute for Science and Technology – Flanders (IWT‐V)</fundingAgency>
</fundingInfo>
<fundingInfo>
<fundingAgency>Foundation for Alzheimer Research (SAO/FRMA)</fundingAgency>
</fundingInfo>
<fundingInfo>
<fundingAgency>Interuniversity Attraction Poles Program P6/43 of the Belgian Science Policy Office, Belgium</fundingAgency>
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<p>Early genome‐wide association (GWA) studies on Parkinson's disease (PD) have not been able to yield conclusive, replicable signals of association, perhaps due to limited sample size. We aimed to investigate whether association signals derived from the meta‐analysis of the first two GWA investigations might be replicable in different populations. We examined six single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1000291, rs1865997, rs2241743, rs2282048, rs2313982, and rs3018626) that had reached nominal significance with at least two of three different strategies proposed in a previous analysis of the original GWA studies. Investigators from the “Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease” (GEOPD) consortium were invited to join in this study. Ten teams contributed replication data from 3,458 PD cases and 3,719 controls. The data from the two previously published GWAs (599 PD cases, 592 controls and 443 sibling pairs) were considered as well. All data were synthesized using both fixed and random effects models. The summary allelic odds ratios were ranging from 0.97 to 1.09 by random effects, when all data were included. The summary estimates of the replication data sets (excluding the original GWA data) were very close to 1.00 (range 0.98–1.09) and none of the effects were nominally statistically significant. The replication data sets had significantly different results than the GWA data. Our data do not support evidence that any of these six SNPs reflect susceptibility markers for PD. Much stronger signals of statistical significance in GWA platforms are needed to have substantial chances of replication. Specifically in PD genetics, this would require much larger GWA studies and perhaps novel analytical techniques. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</p>
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<note xml:id="fn1">
<p>How to Cite this Article: Evangelou E, Maraganore DM, Annesi G, Brighina L, Brice A, Elbaz A, Ferrarese C, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Krueger R, Lambert J‐C, Lesage S, Markopoulou K, Mellick GD, Meeus B, Pedersen NL, Quattrone A, Van Broeckhoven C, Sharma M, Silburn PA, Tan EK, Wirdefeldt K, Ioannidis JPA. 2010. Non‐Replication of Association for Six Polymorphisms From Meta‐Analysis of Genome‐Wide Association Studies of Parkinson's Disease: Large‐Scale Collaborative Study. Am J Med Genet Part B 153B:220–228.</p>
</note>
<note xml:id="fn2">
<p>
<i>Australia</i>
: G.T. Sutherland (Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, School of Biomolecular & Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD), G.A. Siebert (Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, School of Biomolecular & Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD).
<i>Belgium</i>
: Jessie Theuns, PhD (Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born‐Bunge; University of Antwerp, Antwerpen), David Crosiers (Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB; Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute Born‐Bunge; University of Antwerp and University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerpen), Barbara Pickut, MD (Memory Clinic and Division of Neurology, ZNA Middelheim, Antwerpen), Philippe Pals, MD, PhD (Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute Born‐Bunge and University Hospital Antwerp; Antwerpen), Sebastiaan Engelborghs, MD, PhD (Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born‐Bunge; University of Antwerp and Memory Clinic and Division of Neurology, ZNA Middelheim, Antwerpen Belgium), Karen Nuytemans (Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born‐Bunge; and University of Antwerp, Antwerpen), Peter P. De Deyn, MD, PhD (Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born‐Bunge; University of Antwerp; and Memory Clinic and Division of Neurology, ZNA Middelheim, Antwerpen), Patrick Cras, MD, PhD (Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute Born‐Bunge; University of Antwerp; and University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerpen).
<i>France</i>
: From the French Parkinson's Disease Genetics Study Group: Agid Y, Bonnet A‐M, Borg M, Brice A, Broussolle E, Damier P, Destée A, Dürr A, Durif F, Lesage S, Lohmann E, Pollak P, Rascol O, Tison F, Tranchant C, Viallet F, Vidailhet M. Also, Christophe Tzourio (Inserm U708, Paris), Philippe Amouyel (Inserm U744, Lille), Marie‐Anne Loriot (Inserm UMRS775, Paris).
<i>Germany</i>
: Prof. Thomas Gasser (Department of Neurology, University Hospital Tuebingen), Olaf Riess, PhD (Department of Neurology, University Hospital Tuebingen), Daniela Berg, MD (Department of Neurology, University Hospital Tuebingen), Claudia Schulte, MSc (Department of Neurology, University Hospital Tuebingen). Also, Christine Klein, PhD (Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck), Ana Djarmati, PhD (Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck), Katja Lohmann, PhD (Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck).
<i>Greece</i>
: Georgia Xiromerisiou, MD (Institute of Biomedical Research & Technology, CERETETH, Larissa), Efthimios Dardiotis, MD (Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Thessaly; and Institute of Biomedical Research & Technology, CERETETH, Larissa), Persa Kountra, MD (Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Thessaly).
<i>Japan</i>
: Nobutaka Hattori, MD, PhD (Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo), Hiroyuki Tomiyama, MD, PhD (Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo), Manabu Funayama, PhD (Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo), Hiroyo Yoshino, BS (Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo), Yuanzhe Li, MD, PhD (Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo).
<i>Italy</i>
: Enza Maria Valente, MD, PhD (Mendel Institute, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, Rome), Alessandro Ferraris, MD, (Mendel Institute, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, Rome), Anna Rita Bentivoglio, MD, PhD (Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome), Tamara Ialongo, MD, PhD (Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome), Chiara Riva, PhD (Department of Neuroscience, University of Milano‐Bicocca, Monza), Barbara Corradi, PhD (Department of Paediatrics, University of Milano‐Bicocca, Monza).
<i>Poland</i>
: Grzegorz Opala, MD, PhD (Department of Neurology, Aging, Degenerative and Cerebrovascular Disorders, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice), Barbara Jasinska‐Myga, MD, PhD (Department of Neurology, Aging, Degenerative and Cerebrovascular Disorders, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice), Gabriela Klodowska‐Duda, MD, PhD (Department of Neurology, Aging, Degenerative and Cerebrovascular Disorders, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice), Magdalena Boczarska‐Jedynak, MD, PhD (Department of Neurology, Aging, Degenerative and Cerebrovascular Disorders, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice).
<i>Sweden</i>
: Andrea Carmine Belin, PhD (Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm), Prof. Lars Olson (Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm), Dagmar Galter, PhD (Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm), Marie Westerlund, PhD (Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm), Olof Sydow, PhD (Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm). Also Christer Nilsson, MD, PhD (Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Lund University), Andreas Puschmann, MD (Department of Neurology, Lund University Hospital, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Lund University).
<i>USA</i>
: Demetrius M. Maraganore, MD (Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN), J. Eric Ahlskog PhD, MD (Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA), Mariza de Andrade, PhD (Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA), Timothy G. Lesnick, MS (Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA), and Walter A. Rocca, MD, MPH (Departments of Neurology and Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA). Also, Harvey Checkoway, PhD (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington).</p>
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<namePart type="given">Nancy L.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Pedersen</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</affiliation>
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<namePart type="given">Aldo</namePart>
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<affiliation>Institute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy</affiliation>
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</name>
<name type="personal">
<namePart type="given">Christine</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Van Broeckhoven</namePart>
<affiliation>Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerpen, Belgium</affiliation>
<affiliation>Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born‐Bunge, Antwerpen, Belgium</affiliation>
<affiliation>University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium</affiliation>
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<name type="personal">
<namePart type="given">Manu</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Sharma</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany</affiliation>
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<roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
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</name>
<name type="personal">
<namePart type="given">Peter A.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Silburn</namePart>
<affiliation>Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, School of Biomolecular & Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia</affiliation>
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<name type="personal">
<namePart type="given">Eng‐King</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Tan</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore</affiliation>
<affiliation>Duke‐NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore</affiliation>
<role>
<roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
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<name type="personal">
<namePart type="given">Karin</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Wirdefeldt</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</affiliation>
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<name type="personal">
<namePart type="given">John P.A.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Ioannidis</namePart>
<affiliation>Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece</affiliation>
<affiliation>Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology‐Hellas, Ioannina, Greece</affiliation>
<affiliation>Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts</affiliation>
<description>Correspondence: Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece.</description>
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<namePart>for the Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease (GEOPD) Consortium</namePart>
<description>Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, GreeceInstitute of Microbiology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandDepartment of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MinnesotaInstitute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Mangone, ItalySection of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Milano‐Bicocca San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, ItalyINSERM, UMR_S679, Paris, FranceINSERM, Unit 708, Paris, FranceUPMC Univ Paris 06, U708, Neuroepidemiology, Paris, FranceDepartment of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, School of Medicine, Larissa, GreeceInstitute of Biomedical Research & Technology, CERETETH, Larissa, GreeceDepartment of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, GermanyINSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille 2, Lille, FranceEskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, School of Biomolecular & Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, AustraliaNeurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerpen, BelgiumLaboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born‐Bunge, Antwerpen, BelgiumUniversity of Antwerp, Antwerpen, BelgiumDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenInstitute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, ItalyDepartment of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, SingaporeDuke‐NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, SingaporeBiomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology‐Hellas, Ioannina, GreeceInstitute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts</description>
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<dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2010-01</dateIssued>
<dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2008-11-27</dateCaptured>
<dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2009-04-10</dateValid>
<copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010</copyrightDate>
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<languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm>
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<abstract lang="en">Early genome‐wide association (GWA) studies on Parkinson's disease (PD) have not been able to yield conclusive, replicable signals of association, perhaps due to limited sample size. We aimed to investigate whether association signals derived from the meta‐analysis of the first two GWA investigations might be replicable in different populations. We examined six single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1000291, rs1865997, rs2241743, rs2282048, rs2313982, and rs3018626) that had reached nominal significance with at least two of three different strategies proposed in a previous analysis of the original GWA studies. Investigators from the “Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease” (GEOPD) consortium were invited to join in this study. Ten teams contributed replication data from 3,458 PD cases and 3,719 controls. The data from the two previously published GWAs (599 PD cases, 592 controls and 443 sibling pairs) were considered as well. All data were synthesized using both fixed and random effects models. The summary allelic odds ratios were ranging from 0.97 to 1.09 by random effects, when all data were included. The summary estimates of the replication data sets (excluding the original GWA data) were very close to 1.00 (range 0.98–1.09) and none of the effects were nominally statistically significant. The replication data sets had significantly different results than the GWA data. Our data do not support evidence that any of these six SNPs reflect susceptibility markers for PD. Much stronger signals of statistical significance in GWA platforms are needed to have substantial chances of replication. Specifically in PD genetics, this would require much larger GWA studies and perhaps novel analytical techniques. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</abstract>
<note type="content">*How to Cite this Article: Evangelou E, Maraganore DM, Annesi G, Brighina L, Brice A, Elbaz A, Ferrarese C, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Krueger R, Lambert J‐C, Lesage S, Markopoulou K, Mellick GD, Meeus B, Pedersen NL, Quattrone A, Van Broeckhoven C, Sharma M, Silburn PA, Tan EK, Wirdefeldt K, Ioannidis JPA. 2010. Non‐Replication of Association for Six Polymorphisms From Meta‐Analysis of Genome‐Wide Association Studies of Parkinson's Disease: Large‐Scale Collaborative Study. Am J Med Genet Part B 153B:220–228.</note>
<note type="funding">Inserm</note>
<note type="funding">MSA</note>
<note type="funding">Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Environnement et du Travail, France Parkinson</note>
<note type="funding">FIRB 2003 GENOPOLIS Project - No. RBLA038RMA_003; </note>
<note type="funding">National Institutes of Health (NIH) - No. 2R01 ES10751; No. ES10758; No. AG 08724; </note>
<note type="funding">Michael J. Fox Grants (Linked Efforts to Accelerate Parkinson's Solutions, and Edmond J. Safra Global Genetics Consortia)</note>
<note type="funding">The Swedish Medical Research Council, the Swedish Society of Medicine and the Parkinson Foundation in Sweden</note>
<note type="funding">VIB Genetic Service Facility</note>
<note type="funding">The Biobank of the Institute Born‐Bunge</note>
<note type="funding">Fund for Scientific Research Flanders, the Institute for Science and Technology – Flanders (IWT‐V)</note>
<note type="funding">Foundation for Alzheimer Research (SAO/FRMA)</note>
<note type="funding">Interuniversity Attraction Poles Program P6/43 of the Belgian Science Policy Office, Belgium</note>
<subject lang="en">
<genre>Keywords</genre>
<topic>Parkinson's disease</topic>
<topic>meta‐analysis</topic>
<topic>genome‐wide association</topic>
</subject>
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<title>American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics</title>
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<title>Am. J. Med. Genet.</title>
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<identifier type="ISSN">1552-4841</identifier>
<identifier type="eISSN">1552-485X</identifier>
<identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1552-485X</identifier>
<identifier type="PublisherID">AJMG</identifier>
<part>
<date>2010</date>
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<caption>vol.</caption>
<number>153B</number>
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<number>1</number>
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<extent unit="pages">
<start>220</start>
<end>228</end>
<total>9</total>
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<identifier type="ISSN">0148-7299</identifier>
<identifier type="ISSN">1096-8628</identifier>
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<date point="end">2004</date>
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<accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</accessCondition>
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