The origins of the great pandemic
Identifieur interne : 000033 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000032; suivant : 000034The origins of the great pandemic
Auteurs : Michael Worobey [États-Unis] ; Jim Cox [Royaume-Uni] ; Douglas Gill [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health [ 2050-6201 ] ; 2019.
Abstract
The timing and location of the first cases of the 1918 influenza pandemic are still controversial, a century after the pandemic became widely recognized. Here, we critically review competing hypotheses on the timing and geographical origin of this important outbreak and provide new historical insights into debates within military circles as to the nature of putative pre-1918 influenza activity. We also synthesize current knowledge about why the 1918 pandemic was so intense in young adults. Although it is still not clear precisely when and where the outbreak began and symptom-based reports are unlikely to reveal the answer, indirect methods including phylogenetics provide important clues, and we consider whether intense influenza activity as far back as 1915 in the USA may have been caused by viral strains closely related to the 1918 one.
Url:
DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoz001
PubMed: 30805187
PubMed Central: 6381288
Affiliations:
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Here, we critically review competing hypotheses on the timing and geographical origin of this important outbreak and provide new historical insights into debates within military circles as to the nature of putative pre-1918 influenza activity. We also synthesize current knowledge about why the 1918 pandemic was so intense in young adults. Although it is still not clear precisely when and where the outbreak began and symptom-based reports are unlikely to reveal the answer, indirect methods including phylogenetics provide important clues, and we consider whether intense influenza activity as far back as 1915 in the USA may have been caused by viral strains closely related to the 1918 one.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Taubenberger, Jk" uniqKey="Taubenberger J">JK Taubenberger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morens, Dm" uniqKey="Morens D">DM. Morens</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Abrahams, A" uniqKey="Abrahams A">A Abrahams</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hallows, N" uniqKey="Hallows N">N Hallows</name></author><author><name sortKey="French, H" uniqKey="French H">H. French</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barry, Jm" uniqKey="Barry J">JM. Barry</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hammond, Jab" uniqKey="Hammond J">JAB Hammond</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rolland, W" uniqKey="Rolland W">W Rolland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shore, Thg" uniqKey="Shore T">THG. Shore</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Abrahams, A" uniqKey="Abrahams A">A Abrahams</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hallows, Nf" uniqKey="Hallows N">NF Hallows</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eyre, Jwh" uniqKey="Eyre J">JWH Eyre</name></author><author><name sortKey="French, H" uniqKey="French H">H. French</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Macneal, Wj" uniqKey="Macneal W">WJ. MacNeal</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Oxford, Js" uniqKey="Oxford J">JS Oxford</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sefton, A" uniqKey="Sefton A">A Sefton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jackson, R" uniqKey="Jackson R">R Jackson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Langford, C" uniqKey="Langford C">C. 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Morse</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sheng, Z M" uniqKey="Sheng Z">Z-M Sheng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chertow, Ds" uniqKey="Chertow D">DS Chertow</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ambroggio, X" uniqKey="Ambroggio X">X Ambroggio</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Worobey, M" uniqKey="Worobey M">M Worobey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Han, G Z" uniqKey="Han G">G-Z Han</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rambaut, A" uniqKey="Rambaut A">A. Rambaut</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Worobey, M" uniqKey="Worobey M">M Worobey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Han, G Z" uniqKey="Han G">G-Z Han</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rambaut, A" uniqKey="Rambaut A">A. Rambaut</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Capps, J" uniqKey="Capps J">J Capps</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moody, Am" uniqKey="Moody A">AM. Moody</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Taubenberger, Jk" uniqKey="Taubenberger J">JK Taubenberger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morens, Dm" uniqKey="Morens D">DM. Morens</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Riley, S" uniqKey="Riley S">S. Riley</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gostic, Km" uniqKey="Gostic K">KM Gostic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ambrose, M" uniqKey="Ambrose M">M Ambrose</name></author><author><name sortKey="Worobey, M" uniqKey="Worobey M">M Worobey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lloyd Smith, Jo" uniqKey="Lloyd Smith J">JO. Lloyd-Smith</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kobasa, D" uniqKey="Kobasa D">D Kobasa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, Sm" uniqKey="Jones S">SM Jones</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shinya, K" uniqKey="Shinya K">K Shinya</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tumpey, Tm" uniqKey="Tumpey T">TM Tumpey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Basler, Cf" uniqKey="Basler C">CF Basler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aguilar, Pv" uniqKey="Aguilar P">PV Aguilar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="review-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Evol Med Public Health</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Evol Med Public Health</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">emph</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2050-6201</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">30805187</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">6381288</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/emph/eoz001</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">eoz001</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The origins of the great pandemic</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Worobey</surname><given-names>Michael</given-names></name><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="eoz001-cor1"></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="eoz001-aff1">1</xref><pmc-comment>worobey@email.arizona.edu </pmc-comment>
</contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cox</surname><given-names>Jim</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="eoz001-aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gill</surname><given-names>Douglas</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="eoz001-aff3">3</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="eoz001-aff1"><label>1</label>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA</aff><aff id="eoz001-aff2"><label>2</label>Sydenham House, Applethwaite, Keswick, UK</aff><aff id="eoz001-aff3"><label>3</label>6 Northolme Road, London, UK</aff><author-notes><corresp id="eoz001-cor1">Corresponding author. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Tel: +1-520-626-3456; E-mail: <email>worobey@email.arizona.edu</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2019-01-21"><day>21</day><month>1</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>21</day><month>1</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on the
<volume>2019</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>25</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>22</day><month>6</month><year>2018</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>15</day><month>1</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Foundation for Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><license license-type="cc-by" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="eoz001.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><title>Abstract</title><p>The timing and location of the first cases of the 1918 influenza pandemic are still controversial, a century after the pandemic became widely recognized. Here, we critically review competing hypotheses on the timing and geographical origin of this important outbreak and provide new historical insights into debates within military circles as to the nature of putative pre-1918 influenza activity. We also synthesize current knowledge about why the 1918 pandemic was so intense in young adults. Although it is still not clear precisely when and where the outbreak began and symptom-based reports are unlikely to reveal the answer, indirect methods including phylogenetics provide important clues, and we consider whether intense influenza activity as far back as 1915 in the USA may have been caused by viral strains closely related to the 1918 one.</p></abstract><kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>influenza</kwd><kwd>1918</kwd><kwd>pandemic</kwd><kwd>geography</kwd><kwd>origin</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group award-type="grant"><funding-source><named-content content-type="funder-name">David and Lucile Packard Foundation</named-content><named-content content-type="funder-identifier">10.13039/100000008</named-content></funding-source></award-group><award-group award-type="grant"><funding-source><named-content content-type="funder-name">Jim Cox and Douglas Gill</named-content></funding-source></award-group></funding-group><counts><page-count count="8"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Arizona</li><li>Grand Londres</li></region><settlement><li>Londres</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Arizona"><name sortKey="Worobey, Michael" sort="Worobey, Michael" uniqKey="Worobey M" first="Michael" last="Worobey">Michael Worobey</name></region></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Cox, Jim" sort="Cox, Jim" uniqKey="Cox J" first="Jim" last="Cox">Jim Cox</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Gill, Douglas" sort="Gill, Douglas" uniqKey="Gill D" first="Douglas" last="Gill">Douglas Gill</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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