Serveur d'exploration sur les pandémies grippales

Attention, ce site est en cours de développement !
Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts.
Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

Simultaneous Detection of Influenza Viruses A, B, and Swine Origin Influenza A Using Multiplex One-Step Real-Time RT-PCR Assay

Identifieur interne : 001D42 ( PascalFrancis/Curation ); précédent : 001D41; suivant : 001D43

Simultaneous Detection of Influenza Viruses A, B, and Swine Origin Influenza A Using Multiplex One-Step Real-Time RT-PCR Assay

Auteurs : S. H. R. Monavari [Iran] ; H. R. Mollaie [Iran] ; M. Fazlalipour [Iran]

Source :

RBID : Pascal:14-0174254

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

Every year, seasonal epidemics of influenza viruses are causing considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Also infrequent novel and rearranged strains of influenza viruses have caused quick, acute universal pandemics resulting in millions of mortalities. The usage of efficient and accurate detection is superior for infection control, effective treatment, and epidemiological supervision. Therefore, evaluation of useful real-time PCR molecular tests for the detection of pandemic viruses is important before the next wave of the pandemic. A novel quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay with specific primers was used successfully for detection and monitoring of the influenza A, B, and swine influenza. The newly designed primers target highly conserved regions in influenza viruses. Our qRT-PCR assay is highly specific for detecting influenza A, B, and swine influenza viruses. The cutoff CT value was determined <38 for domestic human diagnostic test, under conditions of FDA emergency, and the reaction efficiency of the InfA, swInfA, and InfB assays were thereby estimated to be 97.9 % (R2=0.998), 98.3 % (R2=0.986), and 99.5 % (R2=0.995), respectively. Interestingly, based on our finding, there is no cross reactivity of detecting other viruses.
pA  
A01 01  1    @0 0273-2289
A02 01      @0 ABIBDL
A03   1    @0 Appl. biochem. biotechnol.
A05       @2 172
A06       @2 2
A08 01  1  ENG  @1 Simultaneous Detection of Influenza Viruses A, B, and Swine Origin Influenza A Using Multiplex One-Step Real-Time RT-PCR Assay
A11 01  1    @1 MONAVARI (S. H. R.)
A11 02  1    @1 MOLLAIE (H. R.)
A11 03  1    @1 FAZLALIPOUR (M.)
A14 01      @1 Department of Virology and Anti Microbial Resistance Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Highway @2 Tehran @3 IRN @Z 1 aut.
A14 02      @1 Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences @2 Tehran @3 IRN @Z 2 aut. @Z 3 aut.
A20       @1 984-992
A21       @1 2014
A23 01      @0 ENG
A43 01      @1 INIST @2 17423 @5 354000150316520320
A44       @0 0000 @1 © 2014 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.
A45       @0 17 ref.
A47 01  1    @0 14-0174254
A60       @1 P
A61       @0 A
A64 01  1    @0 Applied biochemistry and biotechnology
A66 01      @0 DEU
C01 01    ENG  @0 Every year, seasonal epidemics of influenza viruses are causing considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Also infrequent novel and rearranged strains of influenza viruses have caused quick, acute universal pandemics resulting in millions of mortalities. The usage of efficient and accurate detection is superior for infection control, effective treatment, and epidemiological supervision. Therefore, evaluation of useful real-time PCR molecular tests for the detection of pandemic viruses is important before the next wave of the pandemic. A novel quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay with specific primers was used successfully for detection and monitoring of the influenza A, B, and swine influenza. The newly designed primers target highly conserved regions in influenza viruses. Our qRT-PCR assay is highly specific for detecting influenza A, B, and swine influenza viruses. The cutoff CT value was determined <38 for domestic human diagnostic test, under conditions of FDA emergency, and the reaction efficiency of the InfA, swInfA, and InfB assays were thereby estimated to be 97.9 % (R2=0.998), 98.3 % (R2=0.986), and 99.5 % (R2=0.995), respectively. Interestingly, based on our finding, there is no cross reactivity of detecting other viruses.
C02 01  X    @0 002A31
C02 02  X    @0 215
C03 01  X  FRE  @0 Détection @5 01
C03 01  X  ENG  @0 Detection @5 01
C03 01  X  SPA  @0 Detección @5 01
C03 02  X  FRE  @0 Grippe A @5 02
C03 02  X  ENG  @0 Influenza A @5 02
C03 02  X  SPA  @0 Gripe A @5 02
C03 03  X  FRE  @0 Grippe B @5 10
C03 03  X  ENG  @0 Influenza B @5 10
C03 03  X  SPA  @0 Gripe B @5 10
C03 04  X  FRE  @0 Porc @5 11
C03 04  X  ENG  @0 Pig @5 11
C03 04  X  SPA  @0 Cerdo @5 11
C03 05  X  FRE  @0 Porcin @5 12
C03 05  X  ENG  @0 Swine @5 12
C03 05  X  SPA  @0 Porcino @5 12
C03 06  X  FRE  @0 Virus @2 NW @5 13
C03 06  X  ENG  @0 Virus @2 NW @5 13
C03 06  X  SPA  @0 Virus @2 NW @5 13
C03 07  X  FRE  @0 Temps réel @5 19
C03 07  X  ENG  @0 Real time @5 19
C03 07  X  SPA  @0 Tiempo real @5 19
C03 08  X  FRE  @0 Réaction chaîne polymérase RT @5 20
C03 08  X  ENG  @0 Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction @5 20
C03 08  X  SPA  @0 Reacción cadena polimerasa transcripción inversa @5 20
C03 09  X  FRE  @0 Réaction chaîne polymérase @5 21
C03 09  X  ENG  @0 Polymerase chain reaction @5 21
C03 09  X  SPA  @0 Reacción cadena polimerasa @5 21
C07 01  X  FRE  @0 Virose
C07 01  X  ENG  @0 Viral disease
C07 01  X  SPA  @0 Virosis
C07 02  X  FRE  @0 Infection
C07 02  X  ENG  @0 Infection
C07 02  X  SPA  @0 Infección
C07 03  X  FRE  @0 Artiodactyla @2 NS
C07 03  X  ENG  @0 Artiodactyla @2 NS
C07 03  X  SPA  @0 Artiodactyla @2 NS
C07 04  X  FRE  @0 Ungulata @2 NS
C07 04  X  ENG  @0 Ungulata @2 NS
C07 04  X  SPA  @0 Ungulata @2 NS
C07 05  X  FRE  @0 Mammalia @2 NS
C07 05  X  ENG  @0 Mammalia @2 NS
C07 05  X  SPA  @0 Mammalia @2 NS
C07 06  X  FRE  @0 Vertebrata @2 NS
C07 06  X  ENG  @0 Vertebrata @2 NS
C07 06  X  SPA  @0 Vertebrata @2 NS
N21       @1 216
N44 01      @1 OTO
N82       @1 OTO

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)


Links to Exploration step

Pascal:14-0174254

Le document en format XML

<record>
<TEI>
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title xml:lang="en" level="a">Simultaneous Detection of Influenza Viruses A, B, and Swine Origin Influenza A Using Multiplex One-Step Real-Time RT-PCR Assay</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Monavari, S H R" sort="Monavari, S H R" uniqKey="Monavari S" first="S. H. R." last="Monavari">S. H. R. Monavari</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<inist:fA14 i1="01">
<s1>Department of Virology and Anti Microbial Resistance Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Highway</s1>
<s2>Tehran</s2>
<s3>IRN</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Iran</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mollaie, H R" sort="Mollaie, H R" uniqKey="Mollaie H" first="H. R." last="Mollaie">H. R. Mollaie</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<inist:fA14 i1="02">
<s1>Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences</s1>
<s2>Tehran</s2>
<s3>IRN</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Iran</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fazlalipour, M" sort="Fazlalipour, M" uniqKey="Fazlalipour M" first="M." last="Fazlalipour">M. Fazlalipour</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<inist:fA14 i1="02">
<s1>Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences</s1>
<s2>Tehran</s2>
<s3>IRN</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Iran</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno>
<idno type="inist">14-0174254</idno>
<date when="2014">2014</date>
<idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 14-0174254 INIST</idno>
<idno type="RBID">Pascal:14-0174254</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">000077</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">001D42</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<title xml:lang="en" level="a">Simultaneous Detection of Influenza Viruses A, B, and Swine Origin Influenza A Using Multiplex One-Step Real-Time RT-PCR Assay</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Monavari, S H R" sort="Monavari, S H R" uniqKey="Monavari S" first="S. H. R." last="Monavari">S. H. R. Monavari</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<inist:fA14 i1="01">
<s1>Department of Virology and Anti Microbial Resistance Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Highway</s1>
<s2>Tehran</s2>
<s3>IRN</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Iran</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mollaie, H R" sort="Mollaie, H R" uniqKey="Mollaie H" first="H. R." last="Mollaie">H. R. Mollaie</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<inist:fA14 i1="02">
<s1>Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences</s1>
<s2>Tehran</s2>
<s3>IRN</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Iran</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fazlalipour, M" sort="Fazlalipour, M" uniqKey="Fazlalipour M" first="M." last="Fazlalipour">M. Fazlalipour</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<inist:fA14 i1="02">
<s1>Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences</s1>
<s2>Tehran</s2>
<s3>IRN</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Iran</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j" type="main">Applied biochemistry and biotechnology</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">Appl. biochem. biotechnol.</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0273-2289</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2014">2014</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
<seriesStmt>
<title level="j" type="main">Applied biochemistry and biotechnology</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">Appl. biochem. biotechnol.</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0273-2289</idno>
</seriesStmt>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass>
<keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en">
<term>Detection</term>
<term>Influenza A</term>
<term>Influenza B</term>
<term>Pig</term>
<term>Polymerase chain reaction</term>
<term>Real time</term>
<term>Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction</term>
<term>Swine</term>
<term>Virus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Détection</term>
<term>Grippe A</term>
<term>Grippe B</term>
<term>Porc</term>
<term>Porcin</term>
<term>Virus</term>
<term>Temps réel</term>
<term>Réaction chaîne polymérase RT</term>
<term>Réaction chaîne polymérase</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Porcin</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Every year, seasonal epidemics of influenza viruses are causing considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Also infrequent novel and rearranged strains of influenza viruses have caused quick, acute universal pandemics resulting in millions of mortalities. The usage of efficient and accurate detection is superior for infection control, effective treatment, and epidemiological supervision. Therefore, evaluation of useful real-time PCR molecular tests for the detection of pandemic viruses is important before the next wave of the pandemic. A novel quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay with specific primers was used successfully for detection and monitoring of the influenza A, B, and swine influenza. The newly designed primers target highly conserved regions in influenza viruses. Our qRT-PCR assay is highly specific for detecting influenza A, B, and swine influenza viruses. The cutoff CT value was determined <38 for domestic human diagnostic test, under conditions of FDA emergency, and the reaction efficiency of the InfA, swInfA, and InfB assays were thereby estimated to be 97.9 % (R2=0.998), 98.3 % (R2=0.986), and 99.5 % (R2=0.995), respectively. Interestingly, based on our finding, there is no cross reactivity of detecting other viruses.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<inist>
<standard h6="B">
<pA>
<fA01 i1="01" i2="1">
<s0>0273-2289</s0>
</fA01>
<fA02 i1="01">
<s0>ABIBDL</s0>
</fA02>
<fA03 i2="1">
<s0>Appl. biochem. biotechnol.</s0>
</fA03>
<fA05>
<s2>172</s2>
</fA05>
<fA06>
<s2>2</s2>
</fA06>
<fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG">
<s1>Simultaneous Detection of Influenza Viruses A, B, and Swine Origin Influenza A Using Multiplex One-Step Real-Time RT-PCR Assay</s1>
</fA08>
<fA11 i1="01" i2="1">
<s1>MONAVARI (S. H. R.)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="02" i2="1">
<s1>MOLLAIE (H. R.)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="03" i2="1">
<s1>FAZLALIPOUR (M.)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA14 i1="01">
<s1>Department of Virology and Anti Microbial Resistance Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Highway</s1>
<s2>Tehran</s2>
<s3>IRN</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="02">
<s1>Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences</s1>
<s2>Tehran</s2>
<s3>IRN</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA20>
<s1>984-992</s1>
</fA20>
<fA21>
<s1>2014</s1>
</fA21>
<fA23 i1="01">
<s0>ENG</s0>
</fA23>
<fA43 i1="01">
<s1>INIST</s1>
<s2>17423</s2>
<s5>354000150316520320</s5>
</fA43>
<fA44>
<s0>0000</s0>
<s1>© 2014 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1>
</fA44>
<fA45>
<s0>17 ref.</s0>
</fA45>
<fA47 i1="01" i2="1">
<s0>14-0174254</s0>
</fA47>
<fA60>
<s1>P</s1>
</fA60>
<fA61>
<s0>A</s0>
</fA61>
<fA64 i1="01" i2="1">
<s0>Applied biochemistry and biotechnology</s0>
</fA64>
<fA66 i1="01">
<s0>DEU</s0>
</fA66>
<fC01 i1="01" l="ENG">
<s0>Every year, seasonal epidemics of influenza viruses are causing considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Also infrequent novel and rearranged strains of influenza viruses have caused quick, acute universal pandemics resulting in millions of mortalities. The usage of efficient and accurate detection is superior for infection control, effective treatment, and epidemiological supervision. Therefore, evaluation of useful real-time PCR molecular tests for the detection of pandemic viruses is important before the next wave of the pandemic. A novel quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay with specific primers was used successfully for detection and monitoring of the influenza A, B, and swine influenza. The newly designed primers target highly conserved regions in influenza viruses. Our qRT-PCR assay is highly specific for detecting influenza A, B, and swine influenza viruses. The cutoff CT value was determined <38 for domestic human diagnostic test, under conditions of FDA emergency, and the reaction efficiency of the InfA, swInfA, and InfB assays were thereby estimated to be 97.9 % (R2=0.998), 98.3 % (R2=0.986), and 99.5 % (R2=0.995), respectively. Interestingly, based on our finding, there is no cross reactivity of detecting other viruses.</s0>
</fC01>
<fC02 i1="01" i2="X">
<s0>002A31</s0>
</fC02>
<fC02 i1="02" i2="X">
<s0>215</s0>
</fC02>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE">
<s0>Détection</s0>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG">
<s0>Detection</s0>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA">
<s0>Detección</s0>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE">
<s0>Grippe A</s0>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG">
<s0>Influenza A</s0>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA">
<s0>Gripe A</s0>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE">
<s0>Grippe B</s0>
<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG">
<s0>Influenza B</s0>
<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA">
<s0>Gripe B</s0>
<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE">
<s0>Porc</s0>
<s5>11</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG">
<s0>Pig</s0>
<s5>11</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA">
<s0>Cerdo</s0>
<s5>11</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE">
<s0>Porcin</s0>
<s5>12</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG">
<s0>Swine</s0>
<s5>12</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA">
<s0>Porcino</s0>
<s5>12</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE">
<s0>Virus</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
<s5>13</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG">
<s0>Virus</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
<s5>13</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA">
<s0>Virus</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
<s5>13</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE">
<s0>Temps réel</s0>
<s5>19</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG">
<s0>Real time</s0>
<s5>19</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA">
<s0>Tiempo real</s0>
<s5>19</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="FRE">
<s0>Réaction chaîne polymérase RT</s0>
<s5>20</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="ENG">
<s0>Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction</s0>
<s5>20</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="SPA">
<s0>Reacción cadena polimerasa transcripción inversa</s0>
<s5>20</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="FRE">
<s0>Réaction chaîne polymérase</s0>
<s5>21</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="ENG">
<s0>Polymerase chain reaction</s0>
<s5>21</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="SPA">
<s0>Reacción cadena polimerasa</s0>
<s5>21</s5>
</fC03>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE">
<s0>Virose</s0>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG">
<s0>Viral disease</s0>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA">
<s0>Virosis</s0>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE">
<s0>Infection</s0>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG">
<s0>Infection</s0>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA">
<s0>Infección</s0>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE">
<s0>Artiodactyla</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG">
<s0>Artiodactyla</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA">
<s0>Artiodactyla</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE">
<s0>Ungulata</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG">
<s0>Ungulata</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA">
<s0>Ungulata</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE">
<s0>Mammalia</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG">
<s0>Mammalia</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA">
<s0>Mammalia</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE">
<s0>Vertebrata</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG">
<s0>Vertebrata</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA">
<s0>Vertebrata</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fN21>
<s1>216</s1>
</fN21>
<fN44 i1="01">
<s1>OTO</s1>
</fN44>
<fN82>
<s1>OTO</s1>
</fN82>
</pA>
</standard>
</inist>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/PandemieGrippaleV1/Data/PascalFrancis/Curation
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001D42 | SxmlIndent | more

Ou

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PascalFrancis/Curation/biblio.hfd -nk 001D42 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Sante
   |area=    PandemieGrippaleV1
   |flux=    PascalFrancis
   |étape=   Curation
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     Pascal:14-0174254
   |texte=   Simultaneous Detection of Influenza Viruses A, B, and Swine Origin Influenza A Using Multiplex One-Step Real-Time RT-PCR Assay
}}

Wicri

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.34.
Data generation: Wed Jun 10 11:04:28 2020. Site generation: Sun Mar 28 09:10:28 2021