Antiviral resistance during pandemic influenza: implications for stockpiling and drug use
Identifieur interne : 003E41 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 003E40; suivant : 003E42Antiviral resistance during pandemic influenza: implications for stockpiling and drug use
Auteurs : Julien Arino ; Christopher S. Bowman ; Seyed M. MoghadasSource :
- BMC Infectious Diseases [ 1471-2334 ] ; 2009.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Antiviraux (ressources et distribution), Antiviraux (usage thérapeutique), Flambées de maladies (), Grippe humaine (), Grippe humaine (traitement médicamenteux), Grippe humaine (épidémiologie), Humains, Modèles biologiques, Orthomyxoviridae (génétique), Planification des mesures d'urgence en cas de catastrophe, Résistance virale aux médicaments.
- MESH :
- génétique : Orthomyxoviridae.
- ressources et distribution : Antiviraux.
- traitement médicamenteux : Grippe humaine.
- usage thérapeutique : Antiviraux.
- épidémiologie : Grippe humaine.
- Flambées de maladies, Grippe humaine, Humains, Modèles biologiques, Planification des mesures d'urgence en cas de catastrophe, Résistance virale aux médicaments.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Antiviral Agents (supply & distribution), Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use), Disaster Planning, Disease Outbreaks (prevention & control), Drug Resistance, Viral, Humans, Influenza, Human (drug therapy), Influenza, Human (epidemiology), Influenza, Human (prevention & control), Models, Biological, Orthomyxoviridae (genetics).
- MESH :
- chemical , supply & distribution : Antiviral Agents.
- chemical , therapeutic use : Antiviral Agents.
- drug therapy : Influenza, Human.
- epidemiology : Influenza, Human.
- genetics : Orthomyxoviridae.
- prevention & control : Disease Outbreaks, Influenza, Human.
- Disaster Planning, Drug Resistance, Viral, Humans, Models, Biological.
Abstract
The anticipated extent of antiviral use during an influenza pandemic can have adverse consequences for the development of drug resistance and rationing of limited stockpiles. The strategic use of drugs is therefore a major public health concern in planning for effective pandemic responses.
We employed a mathematical model that includes both sensitive and resistant strains of a virus with pandemic potential, and applies antiviral drugs for treatment of clinical infections. Using estimated parameters in the published literature, the model was simulated for various sizes of stockpiles to evaluate the outcome of different antiviral strategies.
We demonstrated that the emergence of highly transmissible resistant strains has no significant impact on the use of available stockpiles if treatment is maintained at low levels or the reproduction number of the sensitive strain is sufficiently high. However, moderate to high treatment levels can result in a more rapid depletion of stockpiles, leading to run-out, by promoting wide-spread drug resistance. We applied an antiviral strategy that delays the onset of aggressive treatment for a certain amount of time after the onset of the outbreak. Our results show that if high treatment levels are enforced too early during the outbreak, a second wave of infections can potentially occur with a substantially larger magnitude. However, a timely implementation of wide-scale treatment can prevent resistance spread in the population, and minimize the final size of the pandemic.
Our results reveal that conservative treatment levels during the early stages of the outbreak, followed by a timely increase in the scale of drug-use, will offer an effective strategy to manage drug resistance in the population and avoid run-out. For a 1918-like strain, the findings suggest that pandemic plans should consider stockpiling antiviral drugs to cover at least 20% of the population.
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2334-9-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-9-8
PubMed: 19161634
PubMed Central: 2653495
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 000175
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 000175
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 000C51
- to stream PubMed, to step Corpus: 001825
- to stream PubMed, to step Curation: 001825
- to stream PubMed, to step Checkpoint: 001674
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: 000815
- to stream Ncbi, to step Curation: 000815
- to stream Ncbi, to step Checkpoint: 000815
- to stream Main, to step Merge: 004068
- to stream Main, to step Curation: 003E41
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Antiviral resistance during pandemic influenza: implications for stockpiling and drug use</title><author><name sortKey="Arino, Julien" sort="Arino, Julien" uniqKey="Arino J" first="Julien" last="Arino">Julien Arino</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.21613.37</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000419369609</institution-id><institution>Department of Mathematics,</institution><institution>University of Manitoba,</institution></institution-wrap>Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.24433.32</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000404497958</institution-id><institution>Institute for Biodiagnostics,</institution><institution>National Research Council Canada,</institution></institution-wrap>Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 1Y6 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Manitoba R3B 1Y6 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bowman, Christopher S" sort="Bowman, Christopher S" uniqKey="Bowman C" first="Christopher S" last="Bowman">Christopher S. Bowman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.24433.32</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000404497958</institution-id><institution>Institute for Biodiagnostics,</institution><institution>National Research Council Canada,</institution></institution-wrap>Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 1Y6 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Manitoba R3B 1Y6 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.21613.37</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000419369609</institution-id><institution>Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,</institution><institution>University of Manitoba,</institution></institution-wrap>Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 5V6 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Manitoba R3T 5V6 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moghadas, Seyed M" sort="Moghadas, Seyed M" uniqKey="Moghadas S" first="Seyed M" last="Moghadas">Seyed M. Moghadas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.24433.32</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000404497958</institution-id><institution>Institute for Biodiagnostics,</institution><institution>National Research Council Canada,</institution></institution-wrap>Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 1Y6 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Manitoba R3B 1Y6 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.267457.5</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000117034731</institution-id><institution>Department of Mathematics and Statistics,</institution><institution>University of Winnipeg,</institution></institution-wrap>Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 2E9 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Manitoba R3B 2E9 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.21613.37</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000419369609</institution-id><institution>Department of Statistics,</institution><institution>University of Manitoba,</institution></institution-wrap>Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">19161634</idno><idno type="pmc">2653495</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2653495</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2653495</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/1471-2334-9-8</idno><date when="2009">2009</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000175</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000175</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000175</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000175</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000C51</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000C51</idno><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><idno type="RBID">pubmed:19161634</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">001825</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001825</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">001825</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">001825</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">001674</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">001674</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000815</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">000815</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">000815</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">004068</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">003E41</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">003E41</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Antiviral resistance during pandemic influenza: implications for stockpiling and drug use</title><author><name sortKey="Arino, Julien" sort="Arino, Julien" uniqKey="Arino J" first="Julien" last="Arino">Julien Arino</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.21613.37</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000419369609</institution-id><institution>Department of Mathematics,</institution><institution>University of Manitoba,</institution></institution-wrap>Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.24433.32</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000404497958</institution-id><institution>Institute for Biodiagnostics,</institution><institution>National Research Council Canada,</institution></institution-wrap>Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 1Y6 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Manitoba R3B 1Y6 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bowman, Christopher S" sort="Bowman, Christopher S" uniqKey="Bowman C" first="Christopher S" last="Bowman">Christopher S. Bowman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.24433.32</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000404497958</institution-id><institution>Institute for Biodiagnostics,</institution><institution>National Research Council Canada,</institution></institution-wrap>Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 1Y6 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Manitoba R3B 1Y6 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.21613.37</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000419369609</institution-id><institution>Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,</institution><institution>University of Manitoba,</institution></institution-wrap>Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 5V6 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Manitoba R3T 5V6 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moghadas, Seyed M" sort="Moghadas, Seyed M" uniqKey="Moghadas S" first="Seyed M" last="Moghadas">Seyed M. Moghadas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.24433.32</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000404497958</institution-id><institution>Institute for Biodiagnostics,</institution><institution>National Research Council Canada,</institution></institution-wrap>Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 1Y6 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Manitoba R3B 1Y6 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.267457.5</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000117034731</institution-id><institution>Department of Mathematics and Statistics,</institution><institution>University of Winnipeg,</institution></institution-wrap>Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 2E9 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Manitoba R3B 2E9 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.21613.37</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000419369609</institution-id><institution>Department of Statistics,</institution><institution>University of Manitoba,</institution></institution-wrap>Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BMC Infectious Diseases</title><idno type="eISSN">1471-2334</idno><imprint><date when="2009">2009</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents (supply & distribution)</term><term>Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use)</term><term>Disaster Planning</term><term>Disease Outbreaks (prevention & control)</term><term>Drug Resistance, Viral</term><term>Humans</term><term>Influenza, Human (drug therapy)</term><term>Influenza, Human (epidemiology)</term><term>Influenza, Human (prevention & control)</term><term>Models, Biological</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae (genetics)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antiviraux (ressources et distribution)</term><term>Antiviraux (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Flambées de maladies ()</term><term>Grippe humaine ()</term><term>Grippe humaine (traitement médicamenteux)</term><term>Grippe humaine (épidémiologie)</term><term>Humains</term><term>Modèles biologiques</term><term>Orthomyxoviridae (génétique)</term><term>Planification des mesures d'urgence en cas de catastrophe</term><term>Résistance virale aux médicaments</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="supply & distribution" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza, Human</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza, Human</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Orthomyxoviridae</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Orthomyxoviridae</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prevention & control" xml:lang="en"><term>Disease Outbreaks</term><term>Influenza, Human</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="ressources et distribution" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antiviraux</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="traitement médicamenteux" xml:lang="fr"><term>Grippe humaine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="usage thérapeutique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antiviraux</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Grippe humaine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Disaster Planning</term><term>Drug Resistance, Viral</term><term>Humans</term><term>Models, Biological</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Flambées de maladies</term><term>Grippe humaine</term><term>Humains</term><term>Modèles biologiques</term><term>Planification des mesures d'urgence en cas de catastrophe</term><term>Résistance virale aux médicaments</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>The anticipated extent of antiviral use during an influenza pandemic can have adverse consequences for the development of drug resistance and rationing of limited stockpiles. The strategic use of drugs is therefore a major public health concern in planning for effective pandemic responses.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>We employed a mathematical model that includes both sensitive and resistant strains of a virus with pandemic potential, and applies antiviral drugs for treatment of clinical infections. Using estimated parameters in the published literature, the model was simulated for various sizes of stockpiles to evaluate the outcome of different antiviral strategies.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>We demonstrated that the emergence of highly transmissible resistant strains has no significant impact on the use of available stockpiles if treatment is maintained at low levels or the reproduction number of the sensitive strain is sufficiently high. However, moderate to high treatment levels can result in a more rapid depletion of stockpiles, leading to run-out, by promoting wide-spread drug resistance. We applied an antiviral strategy that delays the onset of aggressive treatment for a certain amount of time after the onset of the outbreak. Our results show that if high treatment levels are enforced too early during the outbreak, a second wave of infections can potentially occur with a substantially larger magnitude. However, a timely implementation of wide-scale treatment can prevent resistance spread in the population, and minimize the final size of the pandemic.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Our results reveal that conservative treatment levels during the early stages of the outbreak, followed by a timely increase in the scale of drug-use, will offer an effective strategy to manage drug resistance in the population and avoid run-out. For a 1918-like strain, the findings suggest that pandemic plans should consider stockpiling antiviral drugs to cover at least 20% of the population.</p></sec><sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title><p>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2334-9-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jennings, Lc" uniqKey="Jennings L">LC Jennings</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peiris, M" uniqKey="Peiris M">M Peiris</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ferguson, Nm" uniqKey="Ferguson N">NM Ferguson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cummings, Dat" uniqKey="Cummings D">DAT Cummings</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cauchemez, S" uniqKey="Cauchemez S">S Cauchemez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fraser, C" uniqKey="Fraser C">C Fraser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Riley, S" uniqKey="Riley S">S Riley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meeyai, A" uniqKey="Meeyai A">A Meeyai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Iamsirithaworn, S" uniqKey="Iamsirithaworn S">S Iamsirithaworn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Burke, Ds" uniqKey="Burke D">DS Burke</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ferguson, Nm" uniqKey="Ferguson N">NM Ferguson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cummings, Dat" uniqKey="Cummings D">DAT Cummings</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fraser, C" uniqKey="Fraser C">C Fraser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cajka, J" uniqKey="Cajka J">J Cajka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cooley, P" uniqKey="Cooley P">P Cooley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Burke, D" uniqKey="Burke D">D Burke</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gani, R" uniqKey="Gani R">R Gani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hughes, H" uniqKey="Hughes H">H Hughes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fleming, D" uniqKey="Fleming D">D Fleming</name></author><author><name sortKey="Griffin, T" uniqKey="Griffin T">T Griffin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Medlock, J" uniqKey="Medlock J">J Medlock</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leach, S" uniqKey="Leach S">S Leach</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Longini, Im" uniqKey="Longini I">IM Longini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Halloran, Me" uniqKey="Halloran M">ME Halloran</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nizam, A" uniqKey="Nizam A">A Nizam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Y" uniqKey="Yang Y">Y Yang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Longini, Im" uniqKey="Longini I">IM Longini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nizam, A" uniqKey="Nizam A">A Nizam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, S" uniqKey="Xu S">S Xu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ungchusak, K" uniqKey="Ungchusak K">K Ungchusak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hanshaoworakul, W" uniqKey="Hanshaoworakul W">W Hanshaoworakul</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cummings, Dat" uniqKey="Cummings D">DAT Cummings</name></author><author><name sortKey="Halloran, Me" uniqKey="Halloran M">ME Halloran</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bridges, Cb" uniqKey="Bridges C">CB Bridges</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thompson, Ww" uniqKey="Thompson W">WW Thompson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meltzer, Mi" uniqKey="Meltzer M">MI Meltzer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reeve, Gr" uniqKey="Reeve G">GR Reeve</name></author><author><name sortKey="Talamonti, Wj" uniqKey="Talamonti W">WJ Talamonti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cox, Nj" uniqKey="Cox N">NJ Cox</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lilac, Ha" uniqKey="Lilac H">HA Lilac</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hall, H" uniqKey="Hall H">H Hall</name></author><author><name sortKey="Klimov, A" uniqKey="Klimov A">A Klimov</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fukuda, K" uniqKey="Fukuda K">K Fukuda</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Democratis, J" uniqKey="Democratis J">J Democratis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pareek, M" uniqKey="Pareek M">M Pareek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stephenson, I" uniqKey="Stephenson I">I Stephenson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Inglesby, Tv" uniqKey="Inglesby T">TV Inglesby</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nuzzo, Jb" uniqKey="Nuzzo J">JB Nuzzo</name></author><author><name sortKey="O Toole, T" uniqKey="O Toole T">T O'Toole</name></author><author><name sortKey="Henderson, Da" uniqKey="Henderson D">DA Henderson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alexander, Me" uniqKey="Alexander M">ME Alexander</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bowman, Cs" uniqKey="Bowman C">CS Bowman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Feng, Z" uniqKey="Feng Z">Z Feng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gardam, M" uniqKey="Gardam M">M Gardam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moghadas, Sm" uniqKey="Moghadas S">SM Moghadas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rost, G" uniqKey="Rost G">G Röst</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, J" uniqKey="Wu J">J Wu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yan, P" uniqKey="Yan P">P Yan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Jong, Md" uniqKey="De Jong M">MD de Jong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thanh, Tt" uniqKey="Thanh T">TT Thanh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Khanh, Th" uniqKey="Khanh T">TH Khanh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hien, Vm" uniqKey="Hien V">VM Hien</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Gjg" uniqKey="Smith G">GJG Smith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chau, Nv" uniqKey="Chau N">NV Chau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cam, Bv" uniqKey="Cam B">BV Cam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Qui, Pt" uniqKey="Qui P">PT Qui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ha, Dq" uniqKey="Ha D">DQ Ha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guan, Y" uniqKey="Guan Y">Y Guan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peiris, Jsm" uniqKey="Peiris J">JSM Peiris</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hien, Tt" uniqKey="Hien T">TT Hien</name></author><author><name sortKey="Farrar, J" uniqKey="Farrar J">J Farrar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Handel, A" uniqKey="Handel A">A Handel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Longini, Im" uniqKey="Longini I">IM Longini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Antia, R" uniqKey="Antia R">R Antia</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kiso, M" uniqKey="Kiso M">M Kiso</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mitamura, K" uniqKey="Mitamura K">K Mitamura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sakai Tagawa, Y" uniqKey="Sakai Tagawa Y">Y Sakai-Tagawa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shiraishi, K" uniqKey="Shiraishi K">K Shiraishi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kawakami, C" uniqKey="Kawakami C">C Kawakami</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kimura, K" uniqKey="Kimura K">K Kimura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hayden, Fg" uniqKey="Hayden F">FG Hayden</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sugaya, N" uniqKey="Sugaya N">N Sugaya</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kawaoka, Y" uniqKey="Kawaoka Y">Y Kawaoka</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Moscona, A" uniqKey="Moscona A">A Moscona</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yen, Hl" uniqKey="Yen H">HL Yen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Herlocher, Lm" uniqKey="Herlocher L">LM Herlocher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoffmann, E" uniqKey="Hoffmann E">E Hoffmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Matrosovich, Mn" uniqKey="Matrosovich M">MN Matrosovich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Monto, As" uniqKey="Monto A">AS Monto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Webster, Rg" uniqKey="Webster R">RG Webster</name></author><author><name sortKey="Govorkova, Ea" uniqKey="Govorkova E">EA Govorkova</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Moghadas, Sm" uniqKey="Moghadas S">SM Moghadas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Moghadas, Sm" uniqKey="Moghadas S">SM Moghadas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bowman, Cs" uniqKey="Bowman C">CS Bowman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rost, G" uniqKey="Rost G">G Röst</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, J" uniqKey="Wu J">J Wu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Viboud, C" uniqKey="Viboud C">C Viboud</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tam, T" uniqKey="Tam T">T Tam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fleming, D" uniqKey="Fleming D">D Fleming</name></author><author><name sortKey="Handel, A" uniqKey="Handel A">A Handel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Miller, Ma" uniqKey="Miller M">MA Miller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simonsen, L" uniqKey="Simonsen L">L Simonsen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Arinaminpathy, N" uniqKey="Arinaminpathy N">N Arinaminpathy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mclean, Ar" uniqKey="Mclean A">AR McLean</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Handel, A" uniqKey="Handel A">A Handel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Regoes, Rr" uniqKey="Regoes R">RR Regoes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Antia, R" uniqKey="Antia R">R Antia</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Carr, J" uniqKey="Carr J">J Carr</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ives, J" uniqKey="Ives J">J Ives</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kelly, L" uniqKey="Kelly L">L Kelly</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lambkin, R" uniqKey="Lambkin R">R Lambkin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oxford, J" uniqKey="Oxford J">J Oxford</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mendel, D" uniqKey="Mendel D">D Mendel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tai, L" uniqKey="Tai L">L Tai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Roberts, N" uniqKey="Roberts N">N Roberts</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Herlocher, Ml" uniqKey="Herlocher M">ML Herlocher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carr, J" uniqKey="Carr J">J Carr</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ives, J" uniqKey="Ives J">J Ives</name></author><author><name sortKey="Elias, S" uniqKey="Elias S">S Elias</name></author><author><name sortKey="Truscon, R" uniqKey="Truscon R">R Truscon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Roberts, N" uniqKey="Roberts N">N Roberts</name></author><author><name sortKey="Monto, As" uniqKey="Monto A">AS Monto</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Regoes, Rr" uniqKey="Regoes R">RR Regoes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bonhoeffer, S" uniqKey="Bonhoeffer S">S Bonhoeffer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Weinstock, Dm" uniqKey="Weinstock D">DM Weinstock</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zuccotti, G" uniqKey="Zuccotti G">G Zuccotti</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lipsitch, M" uniqKey="Lipsitch M">M Lipsitch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cohen, T" uniqKey="Cohen T">T Cohen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Murray, M" uniqKey="Murray M">M Murray</name></author><author><name sortKey="Levin, Br" uniqKey="Levin B">BR Levin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Arino, J" uniqKey="Arino J">J Arino</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brauer, F" uniqKey="Brauer F">F Brauer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Driessche, P Van Den" uniqKey="Driessche P">P van den Driessche</name></author><author><name sortKey="Watmough, J" uniqKey="Watmough J">J Watmough</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, J" uniqKey="Wu J">J Wu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mills, Ce" uniqKey="Mills C">CE Mills</name></author><author><name sortKey="Robins, Jm" uniqKey="Robins J">JM Robins</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lipsitch, M" uniqKey="Lipsitch M">M Lipsitch</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Balicer, Rd" uniqKey="Balicer R">RD Balicer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Huerta, M" uniqKey="Huerta M">M Huerta</name></author><author><name sortKey="Davidovitch, N" uniqKey="Davidovitch N">N Davidovitch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grotto, I" uniqKey="Grotto I">I Grotto</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Siddiqui, Mr" uniqKey="Siddiqui M">MR Siddiqui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Edmunds, Wj" uniqKey="Edmunds W">WJ Edmunds</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mccaw, Jm" uniqKey="Mccaw J">JM McCaw</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wood, Jg" uniqKey="Wood J">JG Wood</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mccaw, Ct" uniqKey="Mccaw C">CT McCaw</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcvernon, J" uniqKey="Mcvernon J">J McVernon</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Halloran, Me" uniqKey="Halloran M">ME Halloran</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hayden, Fg" uniqKey="Hayden F">FG Hayden</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Y" uniqKey="Yang Y">Y Yang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Longini, Im" uniqKey="Longini I">IM Longini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Monto, As" uniqKey="Monto A">AS Monto</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Debarre, F" uniqKey="Debarre F">F Débarre</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bonhoeffer, S" uniqKey="Bonhoeffer S">S Bonhoeffer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Regoes, Rr" uniqKey="Regoes R">RR Regoes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stilianakis, Ni" uniqKey="Stilianakis N">NI Stilianakis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perelson, As" uniqKey="Perelson A">AS Perelson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hayden, Fg" uniqKey="Hayden F">FG Hayden</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Arino, Julien" sort="Arino, Julien" uniqKey="Arino J" first="Julien" last="Arino">Julien Arino</name><name sortKey="Bowman, Christopher S" sort="Bowman, Christopher S" uniqKey="Bowman C" first="Christopher S" last="Bowman">Christopher S. Bowman</name><name sortKey="Moghadas, Seyed M" sort="Moghadas, Seyed M" uniqKey="Moghadas S" first="Seyed M" last="Moghadas">Seyed M. Moghadas</name></noCountry></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/PandemieGrippaleV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 003E41 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 003E41 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Sante
|area= PandemieGrippaleV1
|flux= Main
|étape= Exploration
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:2653495
|texte= Antiviral resistance during pandemic influenza: implications for stockpiling and drug use
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:19161634" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a PandemieGrippaleV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.34. |  |