Traumatic injuries and imperialism: the effects of Egyptian colonial strategies at Tombos in upper Nubia.
Identifieur interne : 000512 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 000511; suivant : 000513Traumatic injuries and imperialism: the effects of Egyptian colonial strategies at Tombos in upper Nubia.
Auteurs : Michele R. Buzon ; Rebecca RichmanSource :
- American journal of physical anthropology [ 0002-9483 ] ; 2007.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- geographic : Egypt, Sudan.
- history : Colonialism, Wounds and Injuries.
- pathology : Wounds and Injuries.
- Age Distribution, History, Ancient, Humans, Paleopathology, Sex Distribution, Warfare.
Abstract
As circumstances of conquest change, leaders of empires must adapt their colonial strategies in order to be successful. One example of such modification in approach is the shift from Middle Kingdom to New Kingdom Egyptian colonial activities in Nubia. During the Middle Kingdom (2050-1650 BC) Egypt used aggressive military campaigns to subdue the strong Nubian polity at Kerma, resulting in the construction of fortresses and many victory stelae. In the subsequent New Kingdom period (1550-1050 BC) during which the Egyptian administration succeeded in occupying nearly all of Nubia, changes were necessary in conquest strategies. Diplomacy and cooperation may have replaced military action as mechanisms of control. This article investigates changes in imperial policy through the examination of traumatic injuries in human skeletal remains. Patterns of injuries in a sample from the site of Tombos, an Egyptian colonial cemetery in Nubia dating to the New Kingdom period, are compared with data on the patterns of injuries from Kerma, a cemetery dating to the Middle Kingdom period, published by Judd (2004). Analysis indicates a decrease in the level of traumatic injuries from Kerma to Tombos supporting the idea that through time the Egyptian administration modified their colonial strategy toward more nonviolent means. This article presents data on differences in the patterns of injury at Tombos and Kerma and explores possible explanations for this variation.
DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20585
PubMed: 17326101
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pubmed:17326101Le document en format XML
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Buzon</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada AB T2N 1N4. mbuzon@ucalgary.ca</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Richman, Rebecca" sort="Richman, Rebecca" uniqKey="Richman R" first="Rebecca" last="Richman">Rebecca Richman</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">American journal of physical anthropology</title><idno type="ISSN">0002-9483</idno><imprint><date when="2007" type="published">2007</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Age Distribution</term><term>Colonialism (history)</term><term>Egypt</term><term>History, Ancient</term><term>Humans</term><term>Paleopathology</term><term>Sex Distribution</term><term>Sudan</term><term>Warfare</term><term>Wounds and Injuries (history)</term><term>Wounds and Injuries (pathology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Egypt</term><term>Sudan</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="history" xml:lang="en"><term>Colonialism</term><term>Wounds and Injuries</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Wounds and Injuries</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Age Distribution</term><term>History, Ancient</term><term>Humans</term><term>Paleopathology</term><term>Sex Distribution</term><term>Warfare</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">As circumstances of conquest change, leaders of empires must adapt their colonial strategies in order to be successful. One example of such modification in approach is the shift from Middle Kingdom to New Kingdom Egyptian colonial activities in Nubia. During the Middle Kingdom (2050-1650 BC) Egypt used aggressive military campaigns to subdue the strong Nubian polity at Kerma, resulting in the construction of fortresses and many victory stelae. In the subsequent New Kingdom period (1550-1050 BC) during which the Egyptian administration succeeded in occupying nearly all of Nubia, changes were necessary in conquest strategies. Diplomacy and cooperation may have replaced military action as mechanisms of control. This article investigates changes in imperial policy through the examination of traumatic injuries in human skeletal remains. Patterns of injuries in a sample from the site of Tombos, an Egyptian colonial cemetery in Nubia dating to the New Kingdom period, are compared with data on the patterns of injuries from Kerma, a cemetery dating to the Middle Kingdom period, published by Judd (2004). Analysis indicates a decrease in the level of traumatic injuries from Kerma to Tombos supporting the idea that through time the Egyptian administration modified their colonial strategy toward more nonviolent means. This article presents data on differences in the patterns of injury at Tombos and Kerma and explores possible explanations for this variation.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">17326101</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2007</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>30</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2007</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>06</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2015</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>19</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">0002-9483</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>133</Volume><Issue>2</Issue><PubDate><Year>2007</Year><Month>Jun</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>American journal of physical anthropology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Am. J. Phys. 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