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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Domestication of the donkey: Timing, processes, and indicators</title><author><name sortKey="Rossel, Stine" sort="Rossel, Stine" uniqKey="Rossel S" first="Stine" last="Rossel">Stine Rossel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">*Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies, University of Copenhagen, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marshall, Fiona" sort="Marshall, Fiona" uniqKey="Marshall F" first="Fiona" last="Marshall">Fiona Marshall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Joris" sort="Peters, Joris" uniqKey="Peters J" first="Joris" last="Peters">Joris Peters</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Institute of Palaeoanatomy and History of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, D-80539 Munich, Germany;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pilgram, Tom" sort="Pilgram, Tom" uniqKey="Pilgram T" first="Tom" last="Pilgram">Tom Pilgram</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff4">Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adams, Matthew D" sort="Adams, Matthew D" uniqKey="Adams M" first="Matthew D." last="Adams">Matthew D. Adams</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">**Institute of Fine Arts, New York University, New York, NY 10021</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Connor, David" sort="O Connor, David" uniqKey="O Connor D" first="David" last="O'Connor">David O'Connor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">**Institute of Fine Arts, New York University, New York, NY 10021</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">18332433</idno><idno type="pmc">2268817</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2268817</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2268817</idno><idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.0709692105</idno><date when="2008">2008</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000296</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000296</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Domestication of the donkey: Timing, processes, and indicators</title><author><name sortKey="Rossel, Stine" sort="Rossel, Stine" uniqKey="Rossel S" first="Stine" last="Rossel">Stine Rossel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">*Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies, University of Copenhagen, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marshall, Fiona" sort="Marshall, Fiona" uniqKey="Marshall F" first="Fiona" last="Marshall">Fiona Marshall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Joris" sort="Peters, Joris" uniqKey="Peters J" first="Joris" last="Peters">Joris Peters</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Institute of Palaeoanatomy and History of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, D-80539 Munich, Germany;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pilgram, Tom" sort="Pilgram, Tom" uniqKey="Pilgram T" first="Tom" last="Pilgram">Tom Pilgram</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff4">Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adams, Matthew D" sort="Adams, Matthew D" uniqKey="Adams M" first="Matthew D." last="Adams">Matthew D. Adams</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">**Institute of Fine Arts, New York University, New York, NY 10021</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Connor, David" sort="O Connor, David" uniqKey="O Connor D" first="David" last="O'Connor">David O'Connor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">**Institute of Fine Arts, New York University, New York, NY 10021</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2008">2008</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Domestication of the donkey from the African wild ass transformed ancient transport systems in Africa and Asia and the organization of early cities and pastoral societies. Genetic research suggests an African origin for the donkey, but pinpointing the timing and location of domestication has been challenging because donkeys are uncommon in the archaeological record and markers for early phases of animal domestication are hard to determine. We present previously undescribed evidence for the earliest transport use of the donkey and new paleopathological indicators for early phases of donkey domestication. Findings are based on skeletal data from 10 ≈5,000-year-old ass skeletons recently discovered entombed in an early pharaonic mortuary complex at Abydos, Middle Egypt, and a concurrent study of 53 modern donkey and African wild ass skeletons. Morphometric studies showed that Abydos metacarpals were similar in overall proportions to those of wild ass, but individual measurements varied. Midshaft breadths resembled wild ass, but midshaft depths and distal breadths were intermediate between wild ass and domestic donkey. Despite this, all of the Abydos skeletons exhibited a range of osteopathologies consistent with load carrying. Morphological similarities to wild ass show that, despite their use as beasts of burden, donkeys were still undergoing considerable phenotypic change during the early Dynastic period in Egypt. This pattern is consistent with recent studies of other domestic animals that suggest that the process of domestication is slower and less linear than previously thought.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PNAS</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0027-8424</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1091-6490</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">18332433</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2268817</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">9747</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1073/pnas.0709692105</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Anthropology</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Domestication of the donkey: Timing, processes, and indicators</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rossel</surname><given-names>Stine</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">*</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1"><sup>†</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Marshall</surname><given-names>Fiona</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>‡</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>§</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peters</surname><given-names>Joris</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>¶</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pilgram</surname><given-names>Tom</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>‖</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Adams</surname><given-names>Matthew D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">**</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>O'Connor</surname><given-names>David</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">**</xref></contrib><aff id="aff1">*Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies, University of Copenhagen, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark;</aff><aff id="aff2"><sup>‡</sup>Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130;</aff><aff id="aff3"><sup>¶</sup>Institute of Palaeoanatomy and History of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, D-80539 Munich, Germany;</aff><aff id="aff4"><sup>‖</sup>Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and</aff><aff id="aff5">**Institute of Fine Arts, New York University, New York, NY 10021</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><sup>§</sup>To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
<addr-line>Department of Anthropology, Washington University, Box 1114, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130.</addr-line> E-mail: <email>fmarshal@artsci.wustl.edu</email></corresp><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Edited by Dolores R. Piperno, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, and Balboa, Panama, and approved January 25, 2008</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p>Author contributions: S.R. and F.M. contributed equally to this work; S.R. and F.M. designed research; S.R., F.M., and J.P. performed research; S.R., F.M., and T.P. analyzed data; and S.R., F.M., J.P., T.P., M.D.A., and D.O. wrote the paper.</p></fn><fn fn-type="deceased" id="FN1"><p><sup>†</sup>Deceased October 20, 2007.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>11</day><month>3</month><year>2008</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>3</month><year>2008</year></pub-date><volume>105</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>3715</fpage><lpage>3720</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2007</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2008 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA</copyright-statement></permissions><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zpq01008003715.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p>Domestication of the donkey from the African wild ass transformed ancient transport systems in Africa and Asia and the organization of early cities and pastoral societies. Genetic research suggests an African origin for the donkey, but pinpointing the timing and location of domestication has been challenging because donkeys are uncommon in the archaeological record and markers for early phases of animal domestication are hard to determine. We present previously undescribed evidence for the earliest transport use of the donkey and new paleopathological indicators for early phases of donkey domestication. Findings are based on skeletal data from 10 ≈5,000-year-old ass skeletons recently discovered entombed in an early pharaonic mortuary complex at Abydos, Middle Egypt, and a concurrent study of 53 modern donkey and African wild ass skeletons. Morphometric studies showed that Abydos metacarpals were similar in overall proportions to those of wild ass, but individual measurements varied. Midshaft breadths resembled wild ass, but midshaft depths and distal breadths were intermediate between wild ass and domestic donkey. Despite this, all of the Abydos skeletons exhibited a range of osteopathologies consistent with load carrying. Morphological similarities to wild ass show that, despite their use as beasts of burden, donkeys were still undergoing considerable phenotypic change during the early Dynastic period in Egypt. This pattern is consistent with recent studies of other domestic animals that suggest that the process of domestication is slower and less linear than previously thought.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>morphometrics</kwd><kwd>osteopathologies</kwd><kwd>African wild ass</kwd><kwd>Egypt</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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