Traumatic injuries and imperialism: The effects of Egyptian colonial strategies at Tombos in upper Nubia
Identifieur interne : 000500 ( Istex/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000499; suivant : 000501Traumatic injuries and imperialism: The effects of Egyptian colonial strategies at Tombos in upper Nubia
Auteurs : Michele R. Buzon [Canada] ; Rebecca Richman [États-Unis]Source :
- American Journal of Physical Anthropology [ 0002-9483 ] ; 2007-06.
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Abstract
As circumstances of conquest change, leaders of empires must adapt their colonial strategies in order to be successful. One example of such modification in approach is the shift from Middle Kingdom to New Kingdom Egyptian colonial activities in Nubia. During the Middle Kingdom (2050–1650 BC) Egypt used aggressive military campaigns to subdue the strong Nubian polity at Kerma, resulting in the construction of fortresses and many victory stelae. In the subsequent New Kingdom period (1550–1050 BC) during which the Egyptian administration succeeded in occupying nearly all of Nubia, changes were necessary in conquest strategies. Diplomacy and cooperation may have replaced military action as mechanisms of control. This article investigates changes in imperial policy through the examination of traumatic injuries in human skeletal remains. Patterns of injuries in a sample from the site of Tombos, an Egyptian colonial cemetery in Nubia dating to the New Kingdom period, are compared with data on the patterns of injuries from Kerma, a cemetery dating to the Middle Kingdom period, published by Judd (2004). Analysis indicates a decrease in the level of traumatic injuries from Kerma to Tombos supporting the idea that through time the Egyptian administration modified their colonial strategy toward more nonviolent means. This article presents data on differences in the patterns of injury at Tombos and Kerma and explores possible explanations for this variation. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20585
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Buzon</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country>Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Calgary</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Calgary</settlement><region type="state">Alberta</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country>Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Archaeology, Earth Sciences, Room 806, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Calgary</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Calgary</settlement><region type="state">Alberta</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Richman, Rebecca" sort="Richman, Rebecca" uniqKey="Richman R" first="Rebecca" last="Richman">Rebecca Richman</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">American Journal of Physical Anthropology</title><title level="j" type="sub">The Official Publication of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.</title><idno type="ISSN">0002-9483</idno><idno type="eISSN">1096-8644</idno><imprint><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2007-06">2007-06</date><biblScope unit="volume">133</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="783">783</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="791">791</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0002-9483</idno></series><idno type="istex">8F1538226EB889D9A911CD3587D50C5E090050B4</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/ajpa.20585</idno><idno type="ArticleID">AJPA20585</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0002-9483</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Nile Valley</term><term>cranial wound</term><term>culture contact</term><term>interpersonal violence</term><term>“parry” fracture</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">As circumstances of conquest change, leaders of empires must adapt their colonial strategies in order to be successful. One example of such modification in approach is the shift from Middle Kingdom to New Kingdom Egyptian colonial activities in Nubia. During the Middle Kingdom (2050–1650 BC) Egypt used aggressive military campaigns to subdue the strong Nubian polity at Kerma, resulting in the construction of fortresses and many victory stelae. In the subsequent New Kingdom period (1550–1050 BC) during which the Egyptian administration succeeded in occupying nearly all of Nubia, changes were necessary in conquest strategies. Diplomacy and cooperation may have replaced military action as mechanisms of control. This article investigates changes in imperial policy through the examination of traumatic injuries in human skeletal remains. Patterns of injuries in a sample from the site of Tombos, an Egyptian colonial cemetery in Nubia dating to the New Kingdom period, are compared with data on the patterns of injuries from Kerma, a cemetery dating to the Middle Kingdom period, published by Judd (2004). Analysis indicates a decrease in the level of traumatic injuries from Kerma to Tombos supporting the idea that through time the Egyptian administration modified their colonial strategy toward more nonviolent means. This article presents data on differences in the patterns of injury at Tombos and Kerma and explores possible explanations for this variation. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Canada</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Alberta</li><li>Californie</li></region><settlement><li>Calgary</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Calgary</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Canada"><region name="Alberta"><name sortKey="Buzon, Michele R" sort="Buzon, Michele R" uniqKey="Buzon M" first="Michele R." last="Buzon">Michele R. Buzon</name></region><name sortKey="Buzon, Michele R" sort="Buzon, Michele R" uniqKey="Buzon M" first="Michele R." last="Buzon">Michele R. Buzon</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Californie"><name sortKey="Richman, Rebecca" sort="Richman, Rebecca" uniqKey="Richman R" first="Rebecca" last="Richman">Rebecca Richman</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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