Deep brain stimulation and cognitive functions in Parkinson's disease: A three‐year controlled study
Identifieur interne : 000520 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000519; suivant : 000521Deep brain stimulation and cognitive functions in Parkinson's disease: A three‐year controlled study
Auteurs : Roberta Zangaglia ; Claudio Pacchetti ; Chiara Pasotti ; Francesca Mancini ; Domenico Servello ; Elena Sinforiani ; Silvano Cristina ; Marco Sassi ; Giuseppe NappiSource :
- Movement Disorders [ 0885-3185 ] ; 2009-08-15.
English descriptors
Abstract
There is debate over the cognitive and behavioral effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). To evaluate these effects, we performed a prospective, naturalistic controlled, 3‐year follow‐up study. A total of 65 PD patients were enrolled, of whom 32 underwent STN‐DBS (PD‐DBS) and 33, even though eligible for this treatment, declined surgery and chose other therapeutic procedures (PD‐control). Motor and neuropsychological functions were assessed in all the subjects at baseline (T0) and 36 months (T36). The PD‐DBS patients were also evaluated at 1, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery (T1, T6, T12, and T24). At T1, compared with T0, the PD‐DBS patients recorded worse logical executive function task and verbal fluency (FAS) scores, whereas their performance of memory tasks remained stable. At T12, their cognitive profile had returned within the pre‐DBS range, thereafter remaining stable until T36. FAS scores at T36 were significantly worse in the PD‐DBS compared with the PD‐control patients. This is the first long‐term naturalistic controlled study of cognitive functions in PD patients submitted to STN‐DBS. Our results confirm previous reports of a worsening of verbal fluency after DBS, but show that STN‐DBS seems to be relatively safe from a cognitive standpoint, as the short‐term worsening of frontal‐executive functions was found to be transient. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
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DOI: 10.1002/mds.22603
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To evaluate these effects, we performed a prospective, naturalistic controlled, 3‐year follow‐up study. A total of 65 PD patients were enrolled, of whom 32 underwent STN‐DBS (PD‐DBS) and 33, even though eligible for this treatment, declined surgery and chose other therapeutic procedures (PD‐control). Motor and neuropsychological functions were assessed in all the subjects at baseline (T0) and 36 months (T36). The PD‐DBS patients were also evaluated at 1, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery (T1, T6, T12, and T24). At T1, compared with T0, the PD‐DBS patients recorded worse logical executive function task and verbal fluency (FAS) scores, whereas their performance of memory tasks remained stable. At T12, their cognitive profile had returned within the pre‐DBS range, thereafter remaining stable until T36. FAS scores at T36 were significantly worse in the PD‐DBS compared with the PD‐control patients. This is the first long‐term naturalistic controlled study of cognitive functions in PD patients submitted to STN‐DBS. Our results confirm previous reports of a worsening of verbal fluency after DBS, but show that STN‐DBS seems to be relatively safe from a cognitive standpoint, as the short‐term worsening of frontal‐executive functions was found to be transient. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Roberta Zangaglia MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, IRCCS “C. Mondino Institute of Neurology” Foundation, Pavia, Italy</json:string><json:string>Interdepartmental Research Center for Parkinson's Disease, “C. Mondino Institute of Neurology” Foundation, Pavia, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Claudio Pacchetti MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, IRCCS “C. 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Mondino Institute of Neurology” Foundation, Pavia, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Francesca Mancini MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Unit of Neurology, San Pio X Institute, Milan, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Domenico Servello MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, IRCCS Galeazzi Insitute, Milan, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Elena Sinforiani MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Interdepartmental Research Center for Parkinson's Disease, “C. Mondino Institute of Neurology” Foundation, Pavia, Italy</json:string><json:string>Laboratory of Neuropsychology, “C. Mondino Institute of Neurology” Foundation, Pavia, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Silvano Cristina MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, IRCCS “C. Mondino Institute of Neurology” Foundation, Pavia, Italy</json:string><json:string>Interdepartmental Research Center for Parkinson's Disease, “C. Mondino Institute of Neurology” Foundation, Pavia, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Marco Sassi MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, IRCCS Galeazzi Insitute, Milan, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Giuseppe Nappi MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Interdepartmental Research Center for Parkinson's Disease, “C. 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A total of 65 PD patients were enrolled, of whom 32 underwent STN‐DBS (PD‐DBS) and 33, even though eligible for this treatment, declined surgery and chose other therapeutic procedures (PD‐control). Motor and neuropsychological functions were assessed in all the subjects at baseline (T0) and 36 months (T36). The PD‐DBS patients were also evaluated at 1, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery (T1, T6, T12, and T24). At T1, compared with T0, the PD‐DBS patients recorded worse logical executive function task and verbal fluency (FAS) scores, whereas their performance of memory tasks remained stable. At T12, their cognitive profile had returned within the pre‐DBS range, thereafter remaining stable until T36. FAS scores at T36 were significantly worse in the PD‐DBS compared with the PD‐control patients. This is the first long‐term naturalistic controlled study of cognitive functions in PD patients submitted to STN‐DBS. Our results confirm previous reports of a worsening of verbal fluency after DBS, but show that STN‐DBS seems to be relatively safe from a cognitive standpoint, as the short‐term worsening of frontal‐executive functions was found to be transient. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>7.497</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>612 x 810 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>1465</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>4833</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>31478</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>8</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>222</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Deep brain stimulation and cognitive functions in Parkinson's disease: A three‐year controlled study</title><genre><json:string>Serial article</json:string></genre><host><volume>24</volume><pages><total>8</total><last>1628</last><first>1621</first></pages><issn><json:string>0885-3185</json:string></issn><issue>11</issue><subject><json:item><value>Research Article</value></json:item></subject><genre></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><title>Movement Disorders</title><doi><json:string>10.1002/(ISSN)1531-8257</json:string></doi></host><publicationDate>2009</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2009</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1002/mds.22603</json:string></doi><id>7886878906916ED61FB029A407A8BC1D64A5936E</id><fulltext><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><extension>pdf</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/7886878906916ED61FB029A407A8BC1D64A5936E/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><extension>zip</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/7886878906916ED61FB029A407A8BC1D64A5936E/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/7886878906916ED61FB029A407A8BC1D64A5936E/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader type="text"><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Deep brain stimulation and cognitive functions in Parkinson's disease: A three‐year controlled study</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><availability><p>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</p></availability><date>2009</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content">*Potential conflict of interest: None reported.</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Deep brain stimulation and cognitive functions in Parkinson's disease: A three‐year controlled study</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Roberta</forename><surname>Zangaglia</surname><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName></persName><affiliation>Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, IRCCS “C. 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Mondino Institute of Neurology” Foundation, Pavia, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Francesca</forename><surname>Mancini</surname><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName></persName><affiliation>Unit of Neurology, San Pio X Institute, Milan, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Domenico</forename><surname>Servello</surname><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName></persName><affiliation>Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, IRCCS Galeazzi Insitute, Milan, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Elena</forename><surname>Sinforiani</surname><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName></persName><note type="correspondence"><p>Correspondence: Laboratory of Neuropsychology, IRCCS C. Mondino, via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy</p></note><affiliation>Interdepartmental Research Center for Parkinson's Disease, “C. Mondino Institute of Neurology” Foundation, Pavia, Italy</affiliation><affiliation>Laboratory of Neuropsychology, “C. Mondino Institute of Neurology” Foundation, Pavia, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Silvano</forename><surname>Cristina</surname><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName></persName><affiliation>Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, IRCCS “C. Mondino Institute of Neurology” Foundation, Pavia, Italy</affiliation><affiliation>Interdepartmental Research Center for Parkinson's Disease, “C. 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Disord.</title><idno type="pISSN">0885-3185</idno><idno type="eISSN">1531-8257</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1531-8257</idno><imprint><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2009-08-15"></date><biblScope unit="vol">24</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">11</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1621">1621</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1628">1628</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">7886878906916ED61FB029A407A8BC1D64A5936E</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/mds.22603</idno><idno type="ArticleID">MDS22603</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2009</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>There is debate over the cognitive and behavioral effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). To evaluate these effects, we performed a prospective, naturalistic controlled, 3‐year follow‐up study. A total of 65 PD patients were enrolled, of whom 32 underwent STN‐DBS (PD‐DBS) and 33, even though eligible for this treatment, declined surgery and chose other therapeutic procedures (PD‐control). Motor and neuropsychological functions were assessed in all the subjects at baseline (T0) and 36 months (T36). The PD‐DBS patients were also evaluated at 1, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery (T1, T6, T12, and T24). At T1, compared with T0, the PD‐DBS patients recorded worse logical executive function task and verbal fluency (FAS) scores, whereas their performance of memory tasks remained stable. At T12, their cognitive profile had returned within the pre‐DBS range, thereafter remaining stable until T36. FAS scores at T36 were significantly worse in the PD‐DBS compared with the PD‐control patients. This is the first long‐term naturalistic controlled study of cognitive functions in PD patients submitted to STN‐DBS. Our results confirm previous reports of a worsening of verbal fluency after DBS, but show that STN‐DBS seems to be relatively safe from a cognitive standpoint, as the short‐term worsening of frontal‐executive functions was found to be transient. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>Parkinson's disease</term></item><item><term>deep brain stimulation</term></item><item><term>subthalamic nucleus</term></item><item><term>cognitive functions</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>Article category</head><item><term>Research Article</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2008-06-07">Received</change><change when="2009-03-17">Registration</change><change when="2009-08-15">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/7886878906916ED61FB029A407A8BC1D64A5936E/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisherName><publisherLoc>Hoboken</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1531-8257</doi><issn type="print">0885-3185</issn><issn type="electronic">1531-8257</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="MDS"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="MOVEMENT DISORDERS">Movement Disorders</title><title type="subtitle">Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society</title><title type="short">Mov. Disord.</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="110"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/mds.v24:11</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="24">24</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">11</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2009-08-15">15 August 2009</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="90" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/mds.22603</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="MDS22603"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="8"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Research Article</title><title type="tocHeading1">Research Articles</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="thirdParty">Copyright © 2009 Movement Disorder Society</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptReceived" date="2008-06-07"></event><event type="manuscriptRevised" date="2009-02-24"></event><event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="2009-03-17"></event><event type="publishedOnlineEarlyUnpaginated" date="2009-06-09"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2009-06-09"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2009-08-26"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:JWSART34_TO_WML3G version:2.3.2 mode:FullText source:FullText result:FullText" date="2010-03-09"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-02-02"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-31"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">1621</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">1628</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Laboratory of Neuropsychology, IRCCS C. Mondino, via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy</correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:MDS.MDS22603.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="1"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="3"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="35"></count><count type="wordTotal" number="6356"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en">Deep brain stimulation and cognitive functions in Parkinson's disease: A three‐year controlled study<link href="#fn1"></link></title><title type="short" xml:lang="en">Deep Brain Stimulation and Cognitive Functions in PD</title></titleGroup><creators><creator xml:id="au1" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1 #af2"><personName><givenNames>Roberta</givenNames><familyName>Zangaglia</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au2" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1 #af2"><personName><givenNames>Claudio</givenNames><familyName>Pacchetti</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au3" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2 #af3"><personName><givenNames>Chiara</givenNames><familyName>Pasotti</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au4" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af4"><personName><givenNames>Francesca</givenNames><familyName>Mancini</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au5" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af5"><personName><givenNames>Domenico</givenNames><familyName>Servello</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au6" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2 #af3" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>Elena</givenNames><familyName>Sinforiani</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName><contactDetails><email>elena.sinforiani@mondino.it</email></contactDetails></creator><creator xml:id="au7" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1 #af2"><personName><givenNames>Silvano</givenNames><familyName>Cristina</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au8" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af5"><personName><givenNames>Marco</givenNames><familyName>Sassi</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au9" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2 #af6"><personName><givenNames>Giuseppe</givenNames><familyName>Nappi</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="af1" countryCode="IT" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, IRCCS “C. Mondino Institute of Neurology” Foundation, Pavia, Italy</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af2" countryCode="IT" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Interdepartmental Research Center for Parkinson's Disease, “C. Mondino Institute of Neurology” Foundation, Pavia, Italy</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af3" countryCode="IT" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Laboratory of Neuropsychology, “C. Mondino Institute of Neurology” Foundation, Pavia, Italy</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af4" countryCode="IT" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Unit of Neurology, San Pio X Institute, Milan, Italy</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af5" countryCode="IT" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, IRCCS Galeazzi Insitute, Milan, Italy</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af6" countryCode="IT" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Chair of Neurology, University “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">Parkinson's disease</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd2">deep brain stimulation</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd3">subthalamic nucleus</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd4">cognitive functions</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>There is debate over the cognitive and behavioral effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). To evaluate these effects, we performed a prospective, naturalistic controlled, 3‐year follow‐up study. A total of 65 PD patients were enrolled, of whom 32 underwent STN‐DBS (PD‐DBS) and 33, even though eligible for this treatment, declined surgery and chose other therapeutic procedures (PD‐control). Motor and neuropsychological functions were assessed in all the subjects at baseline (T0) and 36 months (T36). The PD‐DBS patients were also evaluated at 1, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery (T1, T6, T12, and T24). At T1, compared with T0, the PD‐DBS patients recorded worse logical executive function task and verbal fluency (FAS) scores, whereas their performance of memory tasks remained stable. At T12, their cognitive profile had returned within the pre‐DBS range, thereafter remaining stable until T36. FAS scores at T36 were significantly worse in the PD‐DBS compared with the PD‐control patients. This is the first long‐term naturalistic controlled study of cognitive functions in PD patients submitted to STN‐DBS. Our results confirm previous reports of a worsening of verbal fluency after DBS, but show that STN‐DBS seems to be relatively safe from a cognitive standpoint, as the short‐term worsening of frontal‐executive functions was found to be transient. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="fn1"><p>Potential conflict of interest: None reported.</p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><!--Version 0.6 générée le 4-12-2015--><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Deep brain stimulation and cognitive functions in Parkinson's disease: A three‐year controlled study</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Deep Brain Stimulation and Cognitive Functions in PD</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Deep brain stimulation and cognitive functions in Parkinson's disease: A three‐year controlled study</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Roberta</namePart><namePart type="family">Zangaglia</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, IRCCS “C. Mondino Institute of Neurology” Foundation, Pavia, Italy</affiliation><affiliation>Interdepartmental Research Center for Parkinson's Disease, “C. Mondino Institute of Neurology” Foundation, Pavia, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Claudio</namePart><namePart type="family">Pacchetti</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, IRCCS “C. Mondino Institute of Neurology” Foundation, Pavia, Italy</affiliation><affiliation>Interdepartmental Research Center for Parkinson's Disease, “C. Mondino Institute of Neurology” Foundation, Pavia, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Chiara</namePart><namePart type="family">Pasotti</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Interdepartmental Research Center for Parkinson's Disease, “C. Mondino Institute of Neurology” Foundation, Pavia, Italy</affiliation><affiliation>Laboratory of Neuropsychology, “C. Mondino Institute of Neurology” Foundation, Pavia, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Francesca</namePart><namePart type="family">Mancini</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Unit of Neurology, San Pio X Institute, Milan, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Domenico</namePart><namePart type="family">Servello</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, IRCCS Galeazzi Insitute, Milan, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Elena</namePart><namePart type="family">Sinforiani</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Interdepartmental Research Center for Parkinson's Disease, “C. Mondino Institute of Neurology” Foundation, Pavia, Italy</affiliation><affiliation>Laboratory of Neuropsychology, “C. Mondino Institute of Neurology” Foundation, Pavia, Italy</affiliation><description>Correspondence: Laboratory of Neuropsychology, IRCCS C. Mondino, via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Silvano</namePart><namePart type="family">Cristina</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, IRCCS “C. Mondino Institute of Neurology” Foundation, Pavia, Italy</affiliation><affiliation>Interdepartmental Research Center for Parkinson's Disease, “C. Mondino Institute of Neurology” Foundation, Pavia, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Marco</namePart><namePart type="family">Sassi</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, IRCCS Galeazzi Insitute, Milan, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Giuseppe</namePart><namePart type="family">Nappi</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Interdepartmental Research Center for Parkinson's Disease, “C. Mondino Institute of Neurology” Foundation, Pavia, Italy</affiliation><affiliation>Chair of Neurology, University “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre authority="originalCategForm">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Hoboken</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2009-08-15</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2008-06-07</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2009-03-17</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2009</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">1</extent><extent unit="tables">3</extent><extent unit="references">35</extent><extent unit="words">6356</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">There is debate over the cognitive and behavioral effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). To evaluate these effects, we performed a prospective, naturalistic controlled, 3‐year follow‐up study. A total of 65 PD patients were enrolled, of whom 32 underwent STN‐DBS (PD‐DBS) and 33, even though eligible for this treatment, declined surgery and chose other therapeutic procedures (PD‐control). Motor and neuropsychological functions were assessed in all the subjects at baseline (T0) and 36 months (T36). The PD‐DBS patients were also evaluated at 1, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery (T1, T6, T12, and T24). At T1, compared with T0, the PD‐DBS patients recorded worse logical executive function task and verbal fluency (FAS) scores, whereas their performance of memory tasks remained stable. At T12, their cognitive profile had returned within the pre‐DBS range, thereafter remaining stable until T36. FAS scores at T36 were significantly worse in the PD‐DBS compared with the PD‐control patients. This is the first long‐term naturalistic controlled study of cognitive functions in PD patients submitted to STN‐DBS. Our results confirm previous reports of a worsening of verbal fluency after DBS, but show that STN‐DBS seems to be relatively safe from a cognitive standpoint, as the short‐term worsening of frontal‐executive functions was found to be transient. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society</abstract><note type="content">*Potential conflict of interest: None reported.</note><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>Parkinson's disease</topic><topic>deep brain stimulation</topic><topic>subthalamic nucleus</topic><topic>cognitive functions</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Movement Disorders</title><subTitle>Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society</subTitle></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Mov. 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