Genetic Evidence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-Cov) and Widespread Seroprevalence among Camels in Kenya.
Identifieur interne : 000700 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 000699; suivant : 000701Genetic Evidence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-Cov) and Widespread Seroprevalence among Camels in Kenya.
Auteurs : Sheila Ommeh ; Wei Zhang ; Ali Zohaib ; Jing Chen ; Huajun Zhang ; Ben Hu ; Xing-Yi Ge ; Xing-Lou Yang ; Moses Masika ; Vincent Obanda ; Yun Luo ; Shan Li ; Cecilia Waruhiu ; Bei Li ; Yan Zhu ; Desterio Ouma ; Vincent Odendo ; Lin-Fa Wang ; Danielle E. Anderson ; Jacqueline Lichoti ; Erick Mungube ; Francis Gakuya ; Peng Zhou ; Kisa-Juma Ngeiywa ; Bing Yan ; Bernard Agwanda ; Zheng-Li ShiSource :
- Virologica Sinica [ 1995-820X ] ; 2018.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Age Factors, Animals, Antibodies, Neutralizing (blood), Antibodies, Viral (blood), Camelus (virology), Coronavirus Infections (transmission), Coronavirus Infections (veterinary), Cross-Sectional Studies, Disease Reservoirs (veterinary), Disease Reservoirs (virology), Female, Genome, Viral, Humans, Kenya, Male, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (genetics), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (isolation & purification), Nose (virology), Phylogeny, Prevalence, RNA, Viral (genetics), RNA, Viral (isolation & purification), Seroepidemiologic Studies, Whole Genome Sequencing, Zoonoses (transmission), Zoonoses (virology).
- MESH :
- chemical , blood : Antibodies, Neutralizing, Antibodies, Viral.
- chemical , genetics : RNA, Viral.
- chemical , isolation & purification : RNA, Viral.
- geographic : Kenya.
- genetics : Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.
- isolation & purification : Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.
- transmission : Coronavirus Infections, Zoonoses.
- veterinary : Coronavirus Infections, Disease Reservoirs.
- virology : Camelus, Disease Reservoirs, Nose, Zoonoses.
- Age Factors, Animals, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Genome, Viral, Humans, Male, Phylogeny, Prevalence, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Whole Genome Sequencing.
Abstract
We describe the first genome isolation of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Kenya. This fatal zoonotic pathogen was first described in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 2012. Epidemiological and molecular evidence revealed zoonotic transmission from camels to humans and between humans. Currently, MERS-CoV is classified by the WHO as having high pandemic potential requiring greater surveillance. Previous studies of MERS-CoV in Kenya mainly focused on site-specific and archived camel and human serum samples for antibodies. We conducted active nationwide cross-sectional surveillance of camels and humans in Kenya, targeting both nasal swabs and plasma samples from 1,163 camels and 486 humans collected from January 2016 to June 2018. A total of 792 camel plasma samples were positive by ELISA. Seroprevalence increased with age, and the highest prevalence was observed in adult camels (82.37%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 79.50-84.91). More female camels were significantly seropositive (74.28%, 95% CI 71.14-77.19) than male camels (P < 0.001) (53.74%, 95% CI 48.48-58.90). Only 11 camel nasal swabs were positive for MERS-CoV by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of whole genome sequences showed that Kenyan MERS-CoV clustered within sub-clade C2, which is associated with the African clade, but did not contain signature deletions of orf4b in African viruses. None of the human plasma screened contained neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV. This study confirms the geographically widespread occurrence of MERS-CoV in Kenyan camels. Further one-health surveillance approaches in camels, wildlife, and human populations are needed.
DOI: 10.1007/s12250-018-0076-4
PubMed: 30570714
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Genetic Evidence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-Cov) and Widespread Seroprevalence among Camels in Kenya.</title><author><name sortKey="Ommeh, Sheila" sort="Ommeh, Sheila" uniqKey="Ommeh S" first="Sheila" last="Ommeh">Sheila Ommeh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Biotechnology Research, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, 62000-00200, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Wei" sort="Zhang, Wei" uniqKey="Zhang W" first="Wei" last="Zhang">Wei Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zohaib, Ali" sort="Zohaib, Ali" uniqKey="Zohaib A" first="Ali" last="Zohaib">Ali Zohaib</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Jing" sort="Chen, Jing" uniqKey="Chen J" first="Jing" last="Chen">Jing Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Huajun" sort="Zhang, Huajun" uniqKey="Zhang H" first="Huajun" last="Zhang">Huajun Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Ben" sort="Hu, Ben" uniqKey="Hu B" first="Ben" last="Hu">Ben Hu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ge, Xing Yi" sort="Ge, Xing Yi" uniqKey="Ge X" first="Xing-Yi" last="Ge">Xing-Yi Ge</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410006, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Xing Lou" sort="Yang, Xing Lou" uniqKey="Yang X" first="Xing-Lou" last="Yang">Xing-Lou Yang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Masika, Moses" sort="Masika, Moses" uniqKey="Masika M" first="Moses" last="Masika">Moses Masika</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, 30197-00100, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Obanda, Vincent" sort="Obanda, Vincent" uniqKey="Obanda V" first="Vincent" last="Obanda">Vincent Obanda</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary Services Department, Kenya Wildlife Service, Nairobi, 40241-00100, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luo, Yun" sort="Luo, Yun" uniqKey="Luo Y" first="Yun" last="Luo">Yun Luo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Shan" sort="Li, Shan" uniqKey="Li S" first="Shan" last="Li">Shan Li</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waruhiu, Cecilia" sort="Waruhiu, Cecilia" uniqKey="Waruhiu C" first="Cecilia" last="Waruhiu">Cecilia Waruhiu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Bei" sort="Li, Bei" uniqKey="Li B" first="Bei" last="Li">Bei Li</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, Yan" sort="Zhu, Yan" uniqKey="Zhu Y" first="Yan" last="Zhu">Yan Zhu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ouma, Desterio" sort="Ouma, Desterio" uniqKey="Ouma D" first="Desterio" last="Ouma">Desterio Ouma</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary Research Institute, Kenya Agriculture and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, 57811-00200, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Odendo, Vincent" sort="Odendo, Vincent" uniqKey="Odendo V" first="Vincent" last="Odendo">Vincent Odendo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary Research Institute, Kenya Agriculture and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, 57811-00200, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Lin Fa" sort="Wang, Lin Fa" uniqKey="Wang L" first="Lin-Fa" last="Wang">Lin-Fa Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary Services Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, Danielle E" sort="Anderson, Danielle E" uniqKey="Anderson D" first="Danielle E" last="Anderson">Danielle E. Anderson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary Services Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lichoti, Jacqueline" sort="Lichoti, Jacqueline" uniqKey="Lichoti J" first="Jacqueline" last="Lichoti">Jacqueline Lichoti</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Directorate of Veterinary Services, State Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock Fisheries and Irrigation, Nairobi, 34188-00100, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mungube, Erick" sort="Mungube, Erick" uniqKey="Mungube E" first="Erick" last="Mungube">Erick Mungube</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary Research Institute, Kenya Agriculture and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, 57811-00200, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gakuya, Francis" sort="Gakuya, Francis" uniqKey="Gakuya F" first="Francis" last="Gakuya">Francis Gakuya</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary Services Department, Kenya Wildlife Service, Nairobi, 40241-00100, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Peng" sort="Zhou, Peng" uniqKey="Zhou P" first="Peng" last="Zhou">Peng Zhou</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ngeiywa, Kisa Juma" sort="Ngeiywa, Kisa Juma" uniqKey="Ngeiywa K" first="Kisa-Juma" last="Ngeiywa">Kisa-Juma Ngeiywa</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Directorate of Veterinary Services, State Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock Fisheries and Irrigation, Nairobi, 34188-00100, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yan, Bing" sort="Yan, Bing" uniqKey="Yan B" first="Bing" last="Yan">Bing Yan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agwanda, Bernard" sort="Agwanda, Bernard" uniqKey="Agwanda B" first="Bernard" last="Agwanda">Bernard Agwanda</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, 40658-00100, Kenya. bagwanda@museums.or.ke.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, Zheng Li" sort="Shi, Zheng Li" uniqKey="Shi Z" first="Zheng-Li" last="Shi">Zheng-Li Shi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China. zlshi@wh.iov.cn.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2018">2018</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:30570714</idno><idno type="pmid">30570714</idno><idno type="doi">10.1007/s12250-018-0076-4</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000700</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000700</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Genetic Evidence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-Cov) and Widespread Seroprevalence among Camels in Kenya.</title><author><name sortKey="Ommeh, Sheila" sort="Ommeh, Sheila" uniqKey="Ommeh S" first="Sheila" last="Ommeh">Sheila Ommeh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Biotechnology Research, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, 62000-00200, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Wei" sort="Zhang, Wei" uniqKey="Zhang W" first="Wei" last="Zhang">Wei Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zohaib, Ali" sort="Zohaib, Ali" uniqKey="Zohaib A" first="Ali" last="Zohaib">Ali Zohaib</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Jing" sort="Chen, Jing" uniqKey="Chen J" first="Jing" last="Chen">Jing Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Huajun" sort="Zhang, Huajun" uniqKey="Zhang H" first="Huajun" last="Zhang">Huajun Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Ben" sort="Hu, Ben" uniqKey="Hu B" first="Ben" last="Hu">Ben Hu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ge, Xing Yi" sort="Ge, Xing Yi" uniqKey="Ge X" first="Xing-Yi" last="Ge">Xing-Yi Ge</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410006, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Xing Lou" sort="Yang, Xing Lou" uniqKey="Yang X" first="Xing-Lou" last="Yang">Xing-Lou Yang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Masika, Moses" sort="Masika, Moses" uniqKey="Masika M" first="Moses" last="Masika">Moses Masika</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, 30197-00100, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Obanda, Vincent" sort="Obanda, Vincent" uniqKey="Obanda V" first="Vincent" last="Obanda">Vincent Obanda</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary Services Department, Kenya Wildlife Service, Nairobi, 40241-00100, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luo, Yun" sort="Luo, Yun" uniqKey="Luo Y" first="Yun" last="Luo">Yun Luo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Shan" sort="Li, Shan" uniqKey="Li S" first="Shan" last="Li">Shan Li</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waruhiu, Cecilia" sort="Waruhiu, Cecilia" uniqKey="Waruhiu C" first="Cecilia" last="Waruhiu">Cecilia Waruhiu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Bei" sort="Li, Bei" uniqKey="Li B" first="Bei" last="Li">Bei Li</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, Yan" sort="Zhu, Yan" uniqKey="Zhu Y" first="Yan" last="Zhu">Yan Zhu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ouma, Desterio" sort="Ouma, Desterio" uniqKey="Ouma D" first="Desterio" last="Ouma">Desterio Ouma</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary Research Institute, Kenya Agriculture and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, 57811-00200, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Odendo, Vincent" sort="Odendo, Vincent" uniqKey="Odendo V" first="Vincent" last="Odendo">Vincent Odendo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary Research Institute, Kenya Agriculture and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, 57811-00200, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Lin Fa" sort="Wang, Lin Fa" uniqKey="Wang L" first="Lin-Fa" last="Wang">Lin-Fa Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary Services Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, Danielle E" sort="Anderson, Danielle E" uniqKey="Anderson D" first="Danielle E" last="Anderson">Danielle E. Anderson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary Services Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lichoti, Jacqueline" sort="Lichoti, Jacqueline" uniqKey="Lichoti J" first="Jacqueline" last="Lichoti">Jacqueline Lichoti</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Directorate of Veterinary Services, State Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock Fisheries and Irrigation, Nairobi, 34188-00100, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mungube, Erick" sort="Mungube, Erick" uniqKey="Mungube E" first="Erick" last="Mungube">Erick Mungube</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary Research Institute, Kenya Agriculture and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, 57811-00200, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gakuya, Francis" sort="Gakuya, Francis" uniqKey="Gakuya F" first="Francis" last="Gakuya">Francis Gakuya</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Veterinary Services Department, Kenya Wildlife Service, Nairobi, 40241-00100, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Peng" sort="Zhou, Peng" uniqKey="Zhou P" first="Peng" last="Zhou">Peng Zhou</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ngeiywa, Kisa Juma" sort="Ngeiywa, Kisa Juma" uniqKey="Ngeiywa K" first="Kisa-Juma" last="Ngeiywa">Kisa-Juma Ngeiywa</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Directorate of Veterinary Services, State Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock Fisheries and Irrigation, Nairobi, 34188-00100, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yan, Bing" sort="Yan, Bing" uniqKey="Yan B" first="Bing" last="Yan">Bing Yan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agwanda, Bernard" sort="Agwanda, Bernard" uniqKey="Agwanda B" first="Bernard" last="Agwanda">Bernard Agwanda</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, 40658-00100, Kenya. bagwanda@museums.or.ke.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, Zheng Li" sort="Shi, Zheng Li" uniqKey="Shi Z" first="Zheng-Li" last="Shi">Zheng-Li Shi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China. zlshi@wh.iov.cn.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Virologica Sinica</title><idno type="eISSN">1995-820X</idno><imprint><date when="2018" type="published">2018</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Age Factors</term><term>Animals</term><term>Antibodies, Neutralizing (blood)</term><term>Antibodies, Viral (blood)</term><term>Camelus (virology)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (transmission)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (veterinary)</term><term>Cross-Sectional Studies</term><term>Disease Reservoirs (veterinary)</term><term>Disease Reservoirs (virology)</term><term>Female</term><term>Genome, Viral</term><term>Humans</term><term>Kenya</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (genetics)</term><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (isolation & purification)</term><term>Nose (virology)</term><term>Phylogeny</term><term>Prevalence</term><term>RNA, Viral (genetics)</term><term>RNA, Viral (isolation & purification)</term><term>Seroepidemiologic Studies</term><term>Whole Genome Sequencing</term><term>Zoonoses (transmission)</term><term>Zoonoses (virology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Antibodies, Neutralizing</term><term>Antibodies, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>RNA, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>RNA, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Kenya</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="transmission" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Zoonoses</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="veterinary" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Disease Reservoirs</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Camelus</term><term>Disease Reservoirs</term><term>Nose</term><term>Zoonoses</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Age Factors</term><term>Animals</term><term>Cross-Sectional Studies</term><term>Female</term><term>Genome, Viral</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Phylogeny</term><term>Prevalence</term><term>Seroepidemiologic Studies</term><term>Whole Genome Sequencing</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">We describe the first genome isolation of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Kenya. This fatal zoonotic pathogen was first described in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 2012. Epidemiological and molecular evidence revealed zoonotic transmission from camels to humans and between humans. Currently, MERS-CoV is classified by the WHO as having high pandemic potential requiring greater surveillance. Previous studies of MERS-CoV in Kenya mainly focused on site-specific and archived camel and human serum samples for antibodies. We conducted active nationwide cross-sectional surveillance of camels and humans in Kenya, targeting both nasal swabs and plasma samples from 1,163 camels and 486 humans collected from January 2016 to June 2018. A total of 792 camel plasma samples were positive by ELISA. Seroprevalence increased with age, and the highest prevalence was observed in adult camels (82.37%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 79.50-84.91). More female camels were significantly seropositive (74.28%, 95% CI 71.14-77.19) than male camels (P < 0.001) (53.74%, 95% CI 48.48-58.90). Only 11 camel nasal swabs were positive for MERS-CoV by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of whole genome sequences showed that Kenyan MERS-CoV clustered within sub-clade C2, which is associated with the African clade, but did not contain signature deletions of orf4b in African viruses. None of the human plasma screened contained neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV. This study confirms the geographically widespread occurrence of MERS-CoV in Kenyan camels. Further one-health surveillance approaches in camels, wildlife, and human populations are needed.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">30570714</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2019</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>06</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>25</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1995-820X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>33</Volume><Issue>6</Issue><PubDate><Year>2018</Year><Month>Dec</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Virologica Sinica</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Virol Sin</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Genetic Evidence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-Cov) and Widespread Seroprevalence among Camels in Kenya.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>484-492</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1007/s12250-018-0076-4</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>We describe the first genome isolation of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Kenya. This fatal zoonotic pathogen was first described in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 2012. Epidemiological and molecular evidence revealed zoonotic transmission from camels to humans and between humans. Currently, MERS-CoV is classified by the WHO as having high pandemic potential requiring greater surveillance. Previous studies of MERS-CoV in Kenya mainly focused on site-specific and archived camel and human serum samples for antibodies. We conducted active nationwide cross-sectional surveillance of camels and humans in Kenya, targeting both nasal swabs and plasma samples from 1,163 camels and 486 humans collected from January 2016 to June 2018. A total of 792 camel plasma samples were positive by ELISA. Seroprevalence increased with age, and the highest prevalence was observed in adult camels (82.37%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 79.50-84.91). More female camels were significantly seropositive (74.28%, 95% CI 71.14-77.19) than male camels (P < 0.001) (53.74%, 95% CI 48.48-58.90). Only 11 camel nasal swabs were positive for MERS-CoV by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of whole genome sequences showed that Kenyan MERS-CoV clustered within sub-clade C2, which is associated with the African clade, but did not contain signature deletions of orf4b in African viruses. None of the human plasma screened contained neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV. This study confirms the geographically widespread occurrence of MERS-CoV in Kenyan camels. Further one-health surveillance approaches in camels, wildlife, and human populations are needed.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ommeh</LastName><ForeName>Sheila</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Biotechnology Research, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, 62000-00200, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Wei</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zohaib</LastName><ForeName>Ali</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chen</LastName><ForeName>Jing</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Huajun</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hu</LastName><ForeName>Ben</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ge</LastName><ForeName>Xing-Yi</ForeName><Initials>XY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410006, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yang</LastName><ForeName>Xing-Lou</ForeName><Initials>XL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Masika</LastName><ForeName>Moses</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, 30197-00100, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Obanda</LastName><ForeName>Vincent</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Veterinary Services Department, Kenya Wildlife Service, Nairobi, 40241-00100, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Luo</LastName><ForeName>Yun</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Shan</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Waruhiu</LastName><ForeName>Cecilia</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Bei</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhu</LastName><ForeName>Yan</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ouma</LastName><ForeName>Desterio</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Veterinary Research Institute, Kenya Agriculture and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, 57811-00200, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Odendo</LastName><ForeName>Vincent</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Veterinary Research Institute, Kenya Agriculture and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, 57811-00200, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Lin-Fa</ForeName><Initials>LF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Veterinary Services Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Anderson</LastName><ForeName>Danielle E</ForeName><Initials>DE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Veterinary Services Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lichoti</LastName><ForeName>Jacqueline</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Directorate of Veterinary Services, State Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock Fisheries and Irrigation, Nairobi, 34188-00100, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mungube</LastName><ForeName>Erick</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Veterinary Research Institute, Kenya Agriculture and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, 57811-00200, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gakuya</LastName><ForeName>Francis</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Veterinary Services Department, Kenya Wildlife Service, Nairobi, 40241-00100, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhou</LastName><ForeName>Peng</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ngeiywa</LastName><ForeName>Kisa-Juma</ForeName><Initials>KJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Directorate of Veterinary Services, State Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock Fisheries and Irrigation, Nairobi, 34188-00100, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Kenya Camel Association, Nairobi, 30095-00100, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yan</LastName><ForeName>Bing</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Agwanda</LastName><ForeName>Bernard</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4135-4537</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Zoology, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, 40658-00100, Kenya. bagwanda@museums.or.ke.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shi</LastName><ForeName>Zheng-Li</ForeName><Initials>ZL</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8089-163X</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China. zlshi@wh.iov.cn.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2018</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>20</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>China</Country><MedlineTA>Virol Sin</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101514185</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1995-820X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D057134">Antibodies, Neutralizing</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000914">Antibodies, Viral</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D012367">RNA, Viral</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="ErratumIn"><RefSource>Virol Sin. 2019 Feb;34(1):115</RefSource><PMID Version="1">30820836</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000367" MajorTopicYN="N">Age Factors</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D057134" MajorTopicYN="N">Antibodies, Neutralizing</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000097" MajorTopicYN="N">blood</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000914" MajorTopicYN="N">Antibodies, Viral</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000097" MajorTopicYN="N">blood</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002162" MajorTopicYN="N">Camelus</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="Y">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000635" MajorTopicYN="N">transmission</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000662" MajorTopicYN="Y">veterinary</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003430" MajorTopicYN="N">Cross-Sectional Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004197" MajorTopicYN="N">Disease Reservoirs</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000662" MajorTopicYN="Y">veterinary</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016679" MajorTopicYN="Y">Genome, Viral</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007630" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Kenya</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D065207" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000302" MajorTopicYN="N">isolation & purification</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009666" MajorTopicYN="N">Nose</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010802" MajorTopicYN="N">Phylogeny</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015995" MajorTopicYN="N">Prevalence</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012367" MajorTopicYN="N">RNA, Viral</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000302" MajorTopicYN="N">isolation & purification</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016036" MajorTopicYN="N">Seroepidemiologic Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000073336" MajorTopicYN="N">Whole Genome Sequencing</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015047" MajorTopicYN="N">Zoonoses</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000635" MajorTopicYN="N">transmission</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Kenya</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">One-health</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Public health</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Zoonosis</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2018</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>11</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2018</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>27</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2018</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>21</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2019</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate 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