Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies as Promising Therapeutics against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection
Identifieur interne : 001436 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 001435; suivant : 001437Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies as Promising Therapeutics against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection
Auteurs : Hui-Ju Han ; Jian-Wei Liu ; Hao Yu ; Xue-Jie YuSource :
- Viruses [ 1999-4915 ] ; 2018.
Abstract
Since emerging in 2012, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has been a global public health threat with a high fatality rate and worldwide distribution. There are no approved vaccines or therapies for MERS until now. Passive immunotherapy with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is an effective prophylactic and therapeutic reagent against emerging viruses. In this article, we review current advances in neutralizing mAbs against MERS-CoV. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) in the spike protein of MERS-CoV is a major target, and mouse, camel, or human-derived neutralizing mAbs targeting RBD have been developed. A major problem with neutralizing mAb therapy is mutant escape under selective pressure, which can be solved by combination of neutralizing mAbs targeting different epitopes. Neutralizing mAbs are currently under preclinical evaluation, and they are promising candidate therapeutic agents against MERS-CoV infection.
Url:
DOI: 10.3390/v10120680
PubMed: 30513619
PubMed Central: 6315345
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :001436
Links to Exploration step
PMC:6315345Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies as Promising Therapeutics against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection</title><author><name sortKey="Han, Hui Ju" sort="Han, Hui Ju" uniqKey="Han H" first="Hui-Ju" last="Han">Hui-Ju Han</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-10-00680">School of Health Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;<email>nikihuijuhan@163.com</email> (H.-J.H.);<email>liujw_2012@163.com</email> (J.-W.L.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Jian Wei" sort="Liu, Jian Wei" uniqKey="Liu J" first="Jian-Wei" last="Liu">Jian-Wei Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-10-00680">School of Health Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;<email>nikihuijuhan@163.com</email> (H.-J.H.);<email>liujw_2012@163.com</email> (J.-W.L.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, Hao" sort="Yu, Hao" uniqKey="Yu H" first="Hao" last="Yu">Hao Yu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-viruses-10-00680">Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China;<email>howardyu89@163.com</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, Xue Jie" sort="Yu, Xue Jie" uniqKey="Yu X" first="Xue-Jie" last="Yu">Xue-Jie Yu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-10-00680">School of Health Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;<email>nikihuijuhan@163.com</email> (H.-J.H.);<email>liujw_2012@163.com</email> (J.-W.L.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">30513619</idno><idno type="pmc">6315345</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6315345</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:6315345</idno><idno type="doi">10.3390/v10120680</idno><date when="2018">2018</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001436</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001436</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001436</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">001436</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies as Promising Therapeutics against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection</title><author><name sortKey="Han, Hui Ju" sort="Han, Hui Ju" uniqKey="Han H" first="Hui-Ju" last="Han">Hui-Ju Han</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-10-00680">School of Health Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;<email>nikihuijuhan@163.com</email> (H.-J.H.);<email>liujw_2012@163.com</email> (J.-W.L.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Jian Wei" sort="Liu, Jian Wei" uniqKey="Liu J" first="Jian-Wei" last="Liu">Jian-Wei Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-10-00680">School of Health Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;<email>nikihuijuhan@163.com</email> (H.-J.H.);<email>liujw_2012@163.com</email> (J.-W.L.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, Hao" sort="Yu, Hao" uniqKey="Yu H" first="Hao" last="Yu">Hao Yu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-viruses-10-00680">Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China;<email>howardyu89@163.com</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, Xue Jie" sort="Yu, Xue Jie" uniqKey="Yu X" first="Xue-Jie" last="Yu">Xue-Jie Yu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-10-00680">School of Health Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;<email>nikihuijuhan@163.com</email> (H.-J.H.);<email>liujw_2012@163.com</email> (J.-W.L.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Viruses</title><idno type="eISSN">1999-4915</idno><imprint><date when="2018">2018</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Since emerging in 2012, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has been a global public health threat with a high fatality rate and worldwide distribution. There are no approved vaccines or therapies for MERS until now. Passive immunotherapy with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is an effective prophylactic and therapeutic reagent against emerging viruses. In this article, we review current advances in neutralizing mAbs against MERS-CoV. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) in the spike protein of MERS-CoV is a major target, and mouse, camel, or human-derived neutralizing mAbs targeting RBD have been developed. A major problem with neutralizing mAb therapy is mutant escape under selective pressure, which can be solved by combination of neutralizing mAbs targeting different epitopes. Neutralizing mAbs are currently under preclinical evaluation, and they are promising candidate therapeutic agents against MERS-CoV infection.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zaki, A M" uniqKey="Zaki A">A.M. Zaki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Boheemen, S" uniqKey="Van Boheemen S">S. van Boheemen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bestebroer, T M" uniqKey="Bestebroer T">T.M. Bestebroer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Osterhaus, A D M E" uniqKey="Osterhaus A">A.D.M.E. Osterhaus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fouchier, R A M" uniqKey="Fouchier R">R.A.M. Fouchier</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Han, H J" uniqKey="Han H">H.J. Han</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, H" uniqKey="Yu H">H. Yu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, X J" uniqKey="Yu X">X.J. Yu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hui, D S" uniqKey="Hui D">D.S. Hui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Azhar, E I" uniqKey="Azhar E">E.I. Azhar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Y J" uniqKey="Kim Y">Y.J. Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Z A" uniqKey="Memish Z">Z.A. Memish</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oh, M D" uniqKey="Oh M">M.D. Oh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zumla, A" uniqKey="Zumla A">A. Zumla</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lee, S S" uniqKey="Lee S">S.S. Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, N S" uniqKey="Wong N">N.S. Wong</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jin, Y J" uniqKey="Jin Y">Y.J. Jin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lei, C" uniqKey="Lei C">C. Lei</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, D" uniqKey="Hu D">D. Hu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dimitrov, D S" uniqKey="Dimitrov D">D.S. Dimitrov</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ying, T L" uniqKey="Ying T">T.L. Ying</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Boheemen, S" uniqKey="Van Boheemen S">S. Van Boheemen</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Graaf, M" uniqKey="De Graaf M">M. de Graaf</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lauber, C" uniqKey="Lauber C">C. Lauber</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bestebroer, T M" uniqKey="Bestebroer T">T.M. Bestebroer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Raj, V S" uniqKey="Raj V">V.S. Raj</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zaki, A M" uniqKey="Zaki A">A.M. Zaki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Osterhaus, A D M E" uniqKey="Osterhaus A">A.D.M.E. Osterhaus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haagmans, B L" uniqKey="Haagmans B">B.L. Haagmans</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gorbalenya, A E" uniqKey="Gorbalenya A">A.E. Gorbalenya</name></author><author><name sortKey="Snijder, E J" uniqKey="Snijder E">E.J. Snijder</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Du, L Y" uniqKey="Du L">L.Y. Du</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Y" uniqKey="Yang Y">Y. Yang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Y S" uniqKey="Zhou Y">Y.S. Zhou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, L" uniqKey="Lu L">L. Lu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, F" uniqKey="Li F">F. Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jiang, S B" uniqKey="Jiang S">S.B. Jiang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, N S" uniqKey="Wang N">N.S. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, X L" uniqKey="Shi X">X.L. Shi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jiang, L W" uniqKey="Jiang L">L.W. Jiang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, S Y" uniqKey="Zhang S">S.Y. Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, D L" uniqKey="Wang D">D.L. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tong, P" uniqKey="Tong P">P. Tong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guo, D X" uniqKey="Guo D">D.X. Guo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fu, L L" uniqKey="Fu L">L.L. Fu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cui, Y" uniqKey="Cui Y">Y. Cui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, X" uniqKey="Liu X">X. Liu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Raj, V S" uniqKey="Raj V">V.S. Raj</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mou, H H" uniqKey="Mou H">H.H. Mou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smits, S L" uniqKey="Smits S">S.L. Smits</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dekkers, D H W" uniqKey="Dekkers D">D.H.W. Dekkers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, M A" uniqKey="Muller M">M.A. Muller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dijkman, R" uniqKey="Dijkman R">R. Dijkman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muth, D" uniqKey="Muth D">D. Muth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Demmers, J A A" uniqKey="Demmers J">J.A.A. Demmers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zaki, A" uniqKey="Zaki A">A. Zaki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fouchier, R A M" uniqKey="Fouchier R">R.A.M. Fouchier</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Li, Y" uniqKey="Li Y">Y. Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wan, Y H" uniqKey="Wan Y">Y.H. Wan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, P P" uniqKey="Liu P">P.P. Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, J C" uniqKey="Zhao J">J.C. Zhao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, G W" uniqKey="Lu G">G.W. Lu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Qi, J X" uniqKey="Qi J">J.X. Qi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Q H" uniqKey="Wang Q">Q.H. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, X C" uniqKey="Lu X">X.C. Lu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Y" uniqKey="Wu Y">Y. Wu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, W J" uniqKey="Liu W">W.J. Liu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Du, L Y" uniqKey="Du L">L.Y. Du</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, G Y" uniqKey="Zhao G">G.Y. Zhao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Y" uniqKey="Yang Y">Y. Yang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Qiu, H J" uniqKey="Qiu H">H.J. Qiu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, L L" uniqKey="Wang L">L.L. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kou, Z H" uniqKey="Kou Z">Z.H. Kou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tao, X R" uniqKey="Tao X">X.R. Tao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, H" uniqKey="Yu H">H. Yu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sun, S H" uniqKey="Sun S">S.H. Sun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tseng, C T K" uniqKey="Tseng C">C.T.K. Tseng</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tang, X C" uniqKey="Tang X">X.C. Tang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Agnihothram, S S" uniqKey="Agnihothram S">S.S. Agnihothram</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jiao, Y J" uniqKey="Jiao Y">Y.J. Jiao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stanhope, J" uniqKey="Stanhope J">J. Stanhope</name></author><author><name sortKey="Graham, R L" uniqKey="Graham R">R.L. Graham</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peterson, E C" uniqKey="Peterson E">E.C. Peterson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Avnir, Y" uniqKey="Avnir Y">Y. Avnir</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tallarico, A S" uniqKey="Tallarico A">A.S. Tallarico</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sheehan, J" uniqKey="Sheehan J">J. Sheehan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, Q" uniqKey="Zhu Q">Q. Zhu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Johnson, R F" uniqKey="Johnson R">R.F. Johnson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bagci, U" uniqKey="Bagci U">U. Bagci</name></author><author><name sortKey="Keith, L" uniqKey="Keith L">L. Keith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, X C" uniqKey="Tang X">X.C. Tang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mollura, D J" uniqKey="Mollura D">D.J. Mollura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zeitlin, L" uniqKey="Zeitlin L">L. Zeitlin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Qin, J" uniqKey="Qin J">J. Qin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Huzella, L" uniqKey="Huzella L">L. Huzella</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bartos, C J" uniqKey="Bartos C">C.J. Bartos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bohorova, N" uniqKey="Bohorova N">N. Bohorova</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ying, T L" uniqKey="Ying T">T.L. Ying</name></author><author><name sortKey="Du, L Y" uniqKey="Du L">L.Y. Du</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ju, T W" uniqKey="Ju T">T.W. Ju</name></author><author><name sortKey="Prabakaran, P" uniqKey="Prabakaran P">P. Prabakaran</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lau, C C Y" uniqKey="Lau C">C.C.Y. Lau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, L" uniqKey="Lu L">L. Lu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Q" uniqKey="Liu Q">Q. Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, L L" uniqKey="Wang L">L.L. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Feng, Y" uniqKey="Feng Y">Y. Feng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Y P" uniqKey="Wang Y">Y.P. Wang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Houser, K V" uniqKey="Houser K">K.V. Houser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gretebeck, L" uniqKey="Gretebeck L">L. Gretebeck</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ying, T L" uniqKey="Ying T">T.L. Ying</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Y P" uniqKey="Wang Y">Y.P. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vogel, L" uniqKey="Vogel L">L. Vogel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lamirande, E W" uniqKey="Lamirande E">E.W. Lamirande</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bock, K W" uniqKey="Bock K">K.W. Bock</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moore, I N" uniqKey="Moore I">I.N. Moore</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dimitrov, D S" uniqKey="Dimitrov D">D.S. Dimitrov</name></author><author><name sortKey="Subbarao, K" uniqKey="Subbarao K">K. Subbarao</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Agrawal, A S" uniqKey="Agrawal A">A.S. Agrawal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ying, T L" uniqKey="Ying T">T.L. Ying</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tao, X R" uniqKey="Tao X">X.R. Tao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garron, T" uniqKey="Garron T">T. Garron</name></author><author><name sortKey="Algaissi, A" uniqKey="Algaissi A">A. Algaissi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Y P" uniqKey="Wang Y">Y.P. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, L L" uniqKey="Wang L">L.L. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peng, B H" uniqKey="Peng B">B.H. Peng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jiang, S B" uniqKey="Jiang S">S.B. Jiang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dimitrov, D S" uniqKey="Dimitrov D">D.S. Dimitrov</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Doremalen, N" uniqKey="Van Doremalen N">N. Van Doremalen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Falzarano, D" uniqKey="Falzarano D">D. Falzarano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ying, T L" uniqKey="Ying T">T.L. Ying</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Wit, E" uniqKey="De Wit E">E. de Wit</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bushmaker, T" uniqKey="Bushmaker T">T. Bushmaker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Feldmann, F" uniqKey="Feldmann F">F. Feldmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Okumura, A" uniqKey="Okumura A">A. Okumura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Y" uniqKey="Wang Y">Y. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, D P" uniqKey="Scott D">D.P. Scott</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hanley, P W" uniqKey="Hanley P">P.W. Hanley</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Corti, D" uniqKey="Corti D">D. Corti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, J C" uniqKey="Zhao J">J.C. Zhao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pedotti, M" uniqKey="Pedotti M">M. Pedotti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simonelli, L" uniqKey="Simonelli L">L. Simonelli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Agnihothram, S" uniqKey="Agnihothram S">S. Agnihothram</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fett, C" uniqKey="Fett C">C. Fett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fernandez Rodriguez, B" uniqKey="Fernandez Rodriguez B">B. Fernandez-Rodriguez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Foglierini, M" uniqKey="Foglierini M">M. Foglierini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Agatic, G" uniqKey="Agatic G">G. Agatic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vanzetta, F" uniqKey="Vanzetta F">F. Vanzetta</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhao, J C" uniqKey="Zhao J">J.C. Zhao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, K" uniqKey="Li K">K. Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wohlford Lenane, C" uniqKey="Wohlford Lenane C">C. Wohlford-Lenane</name></author><author><name sortKey="Agnihothram, S S" uniqKey="Agnihothram S">S.S. Agnihothram</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fett, C" uniqKey="Fett C">C. Fett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, J X" uniqKey="Zhao J">J.X. Zhao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gale, M J" uniqKey="Gale M">M.J. Gale</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baric, R S" uniqKey="Baric R">R.S. Baric</name></author><author><name sortKey="Enjuanes, L" uniqKey="Enjuanes L">L. Enjuanes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gallagher, T" uniqKey="Gallagher T">T. Gallagher</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Corti, D" uniqKey="Corti D">D. Corti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Passini, N" uniqKey="Passini N">N. Passini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lanzavecchia, A" uniqKey="Lanzavecchia A">A. Lanzavecchia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zambon, M" uniqKey="Zambon M">M. Zambon</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pascal, K E" uniqKey="Pascal K">K.E. Pascal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Coleman, C M" uniqKey="Coleman C">C.M. Coleman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mujica, A O" uniqKey="Mujica A">A.O. Mujica</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kamat, V" uniqKey="Kamat V">V. Kamat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Badithe, A" uniqKey="Badithe A">A. Badithe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fairhurst, J" uniqKey="Fairhurst J">J. Fairhurst</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hunt, C" uniqKey="Hunt C">C. Hunt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Strein, J" uniqKey="Strein J">J. Strein</name></author><author><name sortKey="Berrebi, A" uniqKey="Berrebi A">A. Berrebi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sisk, J M" uniqKey="Sisk J">J.M. Sisk</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Wit, E" uniqKey="De Wit E">E. De Wit</name></author><author><name sortKey="Feldmann, F" uniqKey="Feldmann F">F. Feldmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Okumura, A" uniqKey="Okumura A">A. Okumura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Horne, E" uniqKey="Horne E">E. Horne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haddock, E" uniqKey="Haddock E">E. Haddock</name></author><author><name sortKey="Saturday, G" uniqKey="Saturday G">G. Saturday</name></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, D" uniqKey="Scott D">D. Scott</name></author><author><name sortKey="Erlandson, K J" uniqKey="Erlandson K">K.J. Erlandson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stahl, N" uniqKey="Stahl N">N. Stahl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lipsich, L" uniqKey="Lipsich L">L. Lipsich</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chen, Z" uniqKey="Chen Z">Z. Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bao, L L" uniqKey="Bao L">L.L. Bao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, C" uniqKey="Chen C">C. Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zou, T T" uniqKey="Zou T">T.T. Zou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xue, Y" uniqKey="Xue Y">Y. Xue</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, F D" uniqKey="Li F">F.D. Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lv, Q" uniqKey="Lv Q">Q. Lv</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gu, S Z" uniqKey="Gu S">S.Z. Gu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, X P" uniqKey="Gao X">X.P. Gao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cui, S" uniqKey="Cui S">S. Cui</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jiang, L W" uniqKey="Jiang L">L.W. Jiang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, N S" uniqKey="Wang N">N.S. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zuo, T" uniqKey="Zuo T">T. Zuo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, X L" uniqKey="Shi X">X.L. Shi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Poon, K M V" uniqKey="Poon K">K.M.V. Poon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Y K" uniqKey="Wu Y">Y.K. Wu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, F" uniqKey="Gao F">F. Gao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, D Y" uniqKey="Li D">D.Y. Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, R K" uniqKey="Wang R">R.K. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guo, J Y" uniqKey="Guo J">J.Y. Guo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhang, S Y" uniqKey="Zhang S">S.Y. Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, P P" uniqKey="Zhou P">P.P. Zhou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, P F" uniqKey="Wang P">P.F. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Y Y" uniqKey="Li Y">Y.Y. Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jiang, L W" uniqKey="Jiang L">L.W. Jiang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jia, W X" uniqKey="Jia W">W.X. Jia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, H" uniqKey="Wang H">H. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fan, A" uniqKey="Fan A">A. Fan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, D L" uniqKey="Wang D">D.L. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, X L" uniqKey="Shi X">X.L. Shi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Niu, P" uniqKey="Niu P">P. Niu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, S" uniqKey="Zhang S">S. Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, P" uniqKey="Zhou P">P. Zhou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, B" uniqKey="Huang B">B. Huang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deng, Y" uniqKey="Deng Y">Y. Deng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Qin, K" uniqKey="Qin K">K. Qin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, P" uniqKey="Wang P">P. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, W" uniqKey="Wang W">W. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, X" uniqKey="Wang X">X. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, J" uniqKey="Zhou J">J. Zhou</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Niu, P" uniqKey="Niu P">P. Niu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, G" uniqKey="Zhao G">G. Zhao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deng, Y" uniqKey="Deng Y">Y. Deng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sun, S" uniqKey="Sun S">S. Sun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, W" uniqKey="Wang W">W. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Y" uniqKey="Zhou Y">Y. Zhou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tan, W" uniqKey="Tan W">W. Tan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hamers Casterman, C" uniqKey="Hamers Casterman C">C. Hamers-casterman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Atarhouch, T" uniqKey="Atarhouch T">T. Atarhouch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muyldermans, S" uniqKey="Muyldermans S">S. Muyldermans</name></author><author><name sortKey="Robinson, G" uniqKey="Robinson G">G. Robinson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hamers, C" uniqKey="Hamers C">C. Hamers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Songa, E B" uniqKey="Songa E">E.B. Songa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bendahman, N" uniqKey="Bendahman N">N. Bendahman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hamers, R" uniqKey="Hamers R">R. Hamers</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Genst, E" uniqKey="De Genst E">E. De Genst</name></author><author><name sortKey="Silence, K" uniqKey="Silence K">K. Silence</name></author><author><name sortKey="Decanniere, K" uniqKey="Decanniere K">K. Decanniere</name></author><author><name sortKey="Conrath, K" uniqKey="Conrath K">K. Conrath</name></author><author><name sortKey="Loris, R" uniqKey="Loris R">R. Loris</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kinne, J" uniqKey="Kinne J">J. Kinne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muyldermans, S" uniqKey="Muyldermans S">S. Muyldermans</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wyns, L" uniqKey="Wyns L">L. Wyns</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Muyldermans, S" uniqKey="Muyldermans S">S. Muyldermans</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wilken, L" uniqKey="Wilken L">L. Wilken</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcpherson, A" uniqKey="Mcpherson A">A. McPherson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Heeke, G" uniqKey="Van Heeke G">G. Van Heeke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Allosery, K" uniqKey="Allosery K">K. Allosery</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Brabandere, V" uniqKey="De Brabandere V">V. De Brabandere</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Smedt, T" uniqKey="De Smedt T">T. De Smedt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Detalle, L" uniqKey="Detalle L">L. Detalle</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Fougerolles, A" uniqKey="De Fougerolles A">A. de Fougerolles</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Detalle, L" uniqKey="Detalle L">L. Detalle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stohr, T" uniqKey="Stohr T">T. Stohr</name></author><author><name sortKey="Palomo, C" uniqKey="Palomo C">C. Palomo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Piedra, P A" uniqKey="Piedra P">P.A. Piedra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gilbert, B E" uniqKey="Gilbert B">B.E. Gilbert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mas, V" uniqKey="Mas V">V. Mas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Millar, A" uniqKey="Millar A">A. Millar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Power, U F" uniqKey="Power U">U.F. Power</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stortelers, C" uniqKey="Stortelers C">C. Stortelers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Allosery, K" uniqKey="Allosery K">K. Allosery</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stalin Raj, V" uniqKey="Stalin Raj V">V. Stalin Raj</name></author><author><name sortKey="Okba, N M A" uniqKey="Okba N">N.M.A. Okba</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gutierrez Alvarez, J" uniqKey="Gutierrez Alvarez J">J. Gutierrez-Alvarez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Drabek, D" uniqKey="Drabek D">D. Drabek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Dieren, B" uniqKey="Van Dieren B">B. van Dieren</name></author><author><name sortKey="Widagdo, W" uniqKey="Widagdo W">W. Widagdo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lamers, M M" uniqKey="Lamers M">M.M. Lamers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Widjaja, I" uniqKey="Widjaja I">I. Widjaja</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fernandez Delgado, R" uniqKey="Fernandez Delgado R">R. Fernandez-Delgado</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sola, I" uniqKey="Sola I">I. Sola</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lu, G W" uniqKey="Lu G">G.W. Lu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Y W" uniqKey="Hu Y">Y.W. Hu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Q H" uniqKey="Wang Q">Q.H. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Qi, J X" uniqKey="Qi J">J.X. Qi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, F" uniqKey="Gao F">F. Gao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Y" uniqKey="Li Y">Y. Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Y F" uniqKey="Zhang Y">Y.F. Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, W" uniqKey="Zhang W">W. Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yuan, Y" uniqKey="Yuan Y">Y. Yuan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bao, J K" uniqKey="Bao J">J.K. Bao</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhao, G" uniqKey="Zhao G">G. Zhao</name></author><author><name sortKey="He, L" uniqKey="He L">L. He</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sun, S" uniqKey="Sun S">S. Sun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Qiu, H" uniqKey="Qiu H">H. Qiu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tai, W" uniqKey="Tai W">W. Tai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, J" uniqKey="Chen J">J. Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, J" uniqKey="Li J">J. Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Y" uniqKey="Chen Y">Y. Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guo, Y" uniqKey="Guo Y">Y. Guo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Y" uniqKey="Wang Y">Y. Wang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, L" uniqKey="Wang L">L. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, W" uniqKey="Shi W">W. Shi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chappell, J D" uniqKey="Chappell J">J.D. Chappell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Joyce, M G" uniqKey="Joyce M">M.G. Joyce</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Y" uniqKey="Zhang Y">Y. Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kanekiyo, M" uniqKey="Kanekiyo M">M. Kanekiyo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Becker, M M" uniqKey="Becker M">M.M. Becker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Doremalen, N" uniqKey="Van Doremalen N">N. van Doremalen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer, R" uniqKey="Fischer R">R. Fischer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, N" uniqKey="Wang N">N. Wang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bermingham, A" uniqKey="Bermingham A">A. Bermingham</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chand, M A" uniqKey="Chand M">M.A. Chand</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brown, C S" uniqKey="Brown C">C.S. Brown</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aarons, E" uniqKey="Aarons E">E. Aarons</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tong, C" uniqKey="Tong C">C. Tong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Langrish, C" uniqKey="Langrish C">C. Langrish</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoschler, K" uniqKey="Hoschler K">K. Hoschler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brown, K" uniqKey="Brown K">K. Brown</name></author><author><name sortKey="Galiano, M" uniqKey="Galiano M">M. Galiano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Myers, R" uniqKey="Myers R">R. Myers</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Song, W F" uniqKey="Song W">W.F. Song</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Y" uniqKey="Wang Y">Y. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, N S" uniqKey="Wang N">N.S. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, D L" uniqKey="Wang D">D.L. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guo, J Y" uniqKey="Guo J">J.Y. Guo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fu, L L" uniqKey="Fu L">L.L. Fu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, X L" uniqKey="Shi X">X.L. Shi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chen, Y Z" uniqKey="Chen Y">Y.Z. Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, S" uniqKey="Lu S">S. Lu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jia, H" uniqKey="Jia H">H. Jia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deng, Y" uniqKey="Deng Y">Y. Deng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, J F" uniqKey="Zhou J">J.F. Zhou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, B Y" uniqKey="Huang B">B.Y. Huang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, Y Y" uniqKey="Yu Y">Y.Y. Yu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lan, J M" uniqKey="Lan J">J.M. Lan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, W L" uniqKey="Wang W">W.L. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lou, Y L" uniqKey="Lou Y">Y.L. Lou</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Coleman, C M" uniqKey="Coleman C">C.M. Coleman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Matthews, K L" uniqKey="Matthews K">K.L. Matthews</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goicochea, L" uniqKey="Goicochea L">L. Goicochea</name></author><author><name sortKey="Frieman, M B" uniqKey="Frieman M">M.B. Frieman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Wit, E" uniqKey="De Wit E">E. De Wit</name></author><author><name sortKey="Prescott, J" uniqKey="Prescott J">J. Prescott</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baseler, L" uniqKey="Baseler L">L. Baseler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bushmaker, T" uniqKey="Bushmaker T">T. Bushmaker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thomas, T" uniqKey="Thomas T">T. Thomas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lackemeyer, M G" uniqKey="Lackemeyer M">M.G. Lackemeyer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martellaro, C" uniqKey="Martellaro C">C. Martellaro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Milne Price, S" uniqKey="Milne Price S">S. Milne-Price</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haddock, E" uniqKey="Haddock E">E. Haddock</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haagmans, B L" uniqKey="Haagmans B">B.L. Haagmans</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Raj, V S" uniqKey="Raj V">V.S. Raj</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smits, S L" uniqKey="Smits S">S.L. Smits</name></author><author><name sortKey="Provacia, L B" uniqKey="Provacia L">L.B. Provacia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Den Brand, J M" uniqKey="Van Den Brand J">J.M. van den Brand</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wiersma, L" uniqKey="Wiersma L">L. Wiersma</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ouwendijk, W J" uniqKey="Ouwendijk W">W.J. Ouwendijk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bestebroer, T M" uniqKey="Bestebroer T">T.M. Bestebroer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Spronken, M I" uniqKey="Spronken M">M.I. Spronken</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Amerongen, G" uniqKey="Van Amerongen G">G. van Amerongen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rottier, P J" uniqKey="Rottier P">P.J. Rottier</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Haagmans, B L" uniqKey="Haagmans B">B.L. Haagmans</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Den Brand, J M A" uniqKey="Van Den Brand J">J.M.A. van den Brand</name></author><author><name sortKey="Provacia, L B" uniqKey="Provacia L">L.B. Provacia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Raj, V S" uniqKey="Raj V">V.S. Raj</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stittelaar, K J" uniqKey="Stittelaar K">K.J. Stittelaar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Getu, S" uniqKey="Getu S">S. Getu</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Waal, L" uniqKey="De Waal L">L. de Waal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bestebroer, T M" uniqKey="Bestebroer T">T.M. Bestebroer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Amerongen, G" uniqKey="Van Amerongen G">G. van Amerongen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Verjans, G M G M" uniqKey="Verjans G">G.M.G.M. Verjans</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Haverkamp, A K" uniqKey="Haverkamp A">A.K. Haverkamp</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lehmbecker, A" uniqKey="Lehmbecker A">A. Lehmbecker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Spitzbarth, I" uniqKey="Spitzbarth I">I. Spitzbarth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Widagdo, W" uniqKey="Widagdo W">W. Widagdo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haagmans, B L" uniqKey="Haagmans B">B.L. Haagmans</name></author><author><name sortKey="Segales, J" uniqKey="Segales J">J. Segales</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vergara Alert, J" uniqKey="Vergara Alert J">J. Vergara-Alert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bensaid, A" uniqKey="Bensaid A">A. Bensaid</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Den Brand, J M A" uniqKey="Van Den Brand J">J.M.A. van den Brand</name></author><author><name sortKey="Osterhaus, A" uniqKey="Osterhaus A">A. Osterhaus</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yao, Y" uniqKey="Yao Y">Y. Yao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bao, L" uniqKey="Bao L">L. Bao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deng, W" uniqKey="Deng W">W. Deng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, L" uniqKey="Xu L">L. Xu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, F" uniqKey="Li F">F. Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lv, Q" uniqKey="Lv Q">Q. Lv</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, P" uniqKey="Yu P">P. Yu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, T" uniqKey="Chen T">T. Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, Y" uniqKey="Xu Y">Y. Xu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, H" uniqKey="Zhu H">H. Zhu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Falzarano, D" uniqKey="Falzarano D">D. Falzarano</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Wit, E" uniqKey="De Wit E">E. de Wit</name></author><author><name sortKey="Feldmann, F" uniqKey="Feldmann F">F. Feldmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rasmussen, A L" uniqKey="Rasmussen A">A.L. Rasmussen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Okumura, A" uniqKey="Okumura A">A. Okumura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peng, X X" uniqKey="Peng X">X.X. Peng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thomas, M J" uniqKey="Thomas M">M.J. Thomas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Doremalen, N" uniqKey="Van Doremalen N">N. van Doremalen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haddock, E" uniqKey="Haddock E">E. Haddock</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nagy, L" uniqKey="Nagy L">L. Nagy</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhao, G" uniqKey="Zhao G">G. Zhao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jiang, Y" uniqKey="Jiang Y">Y. Jiang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Qiu, H" uniqKey="Qiu H">H. Qiu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, T" uniqKey="Gao T">T. Gao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zeng, Y" uniqKey="Zeng Y">Y. Zeng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guo, Y" uniqKey="Guo Y">Y. Guo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, H" uniqKey="Yu H">H. Yu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, J" uniqKey="Li J">J. Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kou, Z" uniqKey="Kou Z">Z. Kou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Du, L" uniqKey="Du L">L. Du</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="review-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Viruses</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Viruses</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">viruses</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Viruses</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1999-4915</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MDPI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">30513619</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">6315345</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/v10120680</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">viruses-10-00680</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies as Promising Therapeutics against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1923-5128</contrib-id><name><surname>Han</surname><given-names>Hui-Ju</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-viruses-10-00680">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Jian-Wei</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-viruses-10-00680">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yu</surname><given-names>Hao</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-viruses-10-00680">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yu</surname><given-names>Xue-Jie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-viruses-10-00680">1</xref><xref rid="c1-viruses-10-00680" ref-type="corresp">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-viruses-10-00680"><label>1</label>School of Health Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;<email>nikihuijuhan@163.com</email> (H.-J.H.);<email>liujw_2012@163.com</email> (J.-W.L.)</aff><aff id="af2-viruses-10-00680"><label>2</label>Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China;<email>howardyu89@163.com</email></aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-viruses-10-00680"><label>*</label>Correspondence: <email>yuxuejie@whu.edu.cn</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>12</issue><elocation-id>680</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>19</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>29</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2018 by the authors.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access"><license-p>Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>).</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Since emerging in 2012, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has been a global public health threat with a high fatality rate and worldwide distribution. There are no approved vaccines or therapies for MERS until now. Passive immunotherapy with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is an effective prophylactic and therapeutic reagent against emerging viruses. In this article, we review current advances in neutralizing mAbs against MERS-CoV. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) in the spike protein of MERS-CoV is a major target, and mouse, camel, or human-derived neutralizing mAbs targeting RBD have been developed. A major problem with neutralizing mAb therapy is mutant escape under selective pressure, which can be solved by combination of neutralizing mAbs targeting different epitopes. Neutralizing mAbs are currently under preclinical evaluation, and they are promising candidate therapeutic agents against MERS-CoV infection.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Virus</kwd><kwd>MERS-CoV</kwd><kwd>neutralizing monoclonal antibodies</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="viruses-10-00680-f001" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>(<bold>A</bold>) Schematic representation of MERS-CoV S protein. (<bold>B</bold>) Residues on RBD critical for mAb neutralization. SP: signal peptide; NTD: N-terminal domain; RBD: receptor-binding domain; RBM: receptor-binding motif. Conserved residues on RBM critical for hDPP4 binding are shown in red.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="viruses-10-00680-g001"></graphic></fig></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/MersV1/Data/Pmc/Curation
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001436 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/biblio.hfd -nk 001436 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Sante
|area= MersV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Curation
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:6315345
|texte= Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies as Promising Therapeutics against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:30513619" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a MersV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |