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What Have We Learned About Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Emergence in Humans? A Systematic Literature Review

Identifieur interne : 001426 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 001425; suivant : 001427

What Have We Learned About Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Emergence in Humans? A Systematic Literature Review

Auteurs : Patrick Dawson ; Mamunur Rahman Malik ; Faruque Parvez ; Stephen S. Morse

Source :

Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases [ 1530-3667 ] ; 2019.

RBID : PMC:6396572

Abstract

Background: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first identified in humans in 2012. A systematic literature review was conducted to synthesize current knowledge and identify critical knowledge gaps.

Materials and Methods: We conducted a systematic review on MERS-CoV using PRISMA guidelines. We identified 407 relevant, peer-reviewed publications and selected 208 of these based on their contributions to four key areas: virology; clinical characteristics, outcomes, therapeutic and preventive options; epidemiology and transmission; and animal interface and the search for natural hosts of MERS-CoV.

Results: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4/CD26) was identified as the human receptor for MERS-CoV, and a variety of molecular and serological assays developed. Dromedary camels remain the only documented zoonotic source of human infection, but MERS-like CoVs have been detected in bat species globally, as well as in dromedary camels throughout the Middle East and Africa. However, despite evidence of camel-to-human MERS-CoV transmission and cases apparently related to camel contact, the source of many primary cases remains unknown. There have been sustained health care-associated human outbreaks in Saudi Arabia and South Korea, the latter originating from one traveler returning from the Middle East. Transmission mechanisms are poorly understood; for health care, this may include environmental contamination. Various potential therapeutics have been identified, but not yet evaluated in human clinical trials. At least one candidate vaccine has progressed to Phase I trials.

Conclusions: There has been substantial MERS-CoV research since 2012, but significant knowledge gaps persist, especially in epidemiology and natural history of the infection. There have been few rigorous studies of baseline prevalence, transmission, and spectrum of disease. Terms such as “camel exposure” and the epidemiological relationships of cases should be clearly defined and standardized. We strongly recommend a shared and accessible registry or database. Coronaviruses will likely continue to emerge, arguing for a unified “One Health” approach.

Url:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6396572

DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2017.2191
PubMed: 30676269
PubMed Central: 6396572

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<author><name sortKey="Dawson, Patrick" sort="Dawson, Patrick" uniqKey="Dawson P" first="Patrick" last="Dawson">Patrick Dawson</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Malik, Mamunur Rahman" sort="Malik, Mamunur Rahman" uniqKey="Malik M" first="Mamunur Rahman" last="Malik">Mamunur Rahman Malik</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Parvez, Faruque" sort="Parvez, Faruque" uniqKey="Parvez F" first="Faruque" last="Parvez">Faruque Parvez</name>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">What Have We Learned About Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Emergence in Humans? A Systematic Literature Review</title>
<author><name sortKey="Dawson, Patrick" sort="Dawson, Patrick" uniqKey="Dawson P" first="Patrick" last="Dawson">Patrick Dawson</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Malik, Mamunur Rahman" sort="Malik, Mamunur Rahman" uniqKey="Malik M" first="Mamunur Rahman" last="Malik">Mamunur Rahman Malik</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Parvez, Faruque" sort="Parvez, Faruque" uniqKey="Parvez F" first="Faruque" last="Parvez">Faruque Parvez</name>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Abstract</title>
<p><bold><italic>Background:</italic>
</bold>
 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first identified in humans in 2012. A systematic literature review was conducted to synthesize current knowledge and identify critical knowledge gaps.</p>
<p><bold><italic>Materials and Methods:</italic>
</bold>
 We conducted a systematic review on MERS-CoV using PRISMA guidelines. We identified 407 relevant, peer-reviewed publications and selected 208 of these based on their contributions to four key areas: virology; clinical characteristics, outcomes, therapeutic and preventive options; epidemiology and transmission; and animal interface and the search for natural hosts of MERS-CoV.</p>
<p><bold><italic>Results:</italic>
</bold>
 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4/CD26) was identified as the human receptor for MERS-CoV, and a variety of molecular and serological assays developed. Dromedary camels remain the only documented zoonotic source of human infection, but MERS-like CoVs have been detected in bat species globally, as well as in dromedary camels throughout the Middle East and Africa. However, despite evidence of camel-to-human MERS-CoV transmission and cases apparently related to camel contact, the source of many primary cases remains unknown. There have been sustained health care-associated human outbreaks in Saudi Arabia and South Korea, the latter originating from one traveler returning from the Middle East. Transmission mechanisms are poorly understood; for health care, this may include environmental contamination. Various potential therapeutics have been identified, but not yet evaluated in human clinical trials. At least one candidate vaccine has progressed to Phase I trials.</p>
<p><bold><italic>Conclusions:</italic>
</bold>
 There has been substantial MERS-CoV research since 2012, but significant knowledge gaps persist, especially in epidemiology and natural history of the infection. There have been few rigorous studies of baseline prevalence, transmission, and spectrum of disease. Terms such as “camel exposure” and the epidemiological relationships of cases should be clearly defined and standardized. We strongly recommend a shared and accessible registry or database. Coronaviruses will likely continue to emerge, arguing for a unified “One Health” approach.</p>
</div>
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<pmc article-type="review-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
  <front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vbz</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1530-3667</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1557-7759</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>140 Huguenot Street, 3rd FloorNew Rochelle, NY 10801USA</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">30676269</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">6396572</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10.1089/vbz.2017.2191</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1089/vbz.2017.2191</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Review</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>What Have We Learned About Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Emergence in Humans? A Systematic Literature Review</article-title>
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<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dawson</surname>
<given-names>Patrick</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
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<given-names>Mamunur Rahman</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
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<aff id="aff1"><label><sup>1</sup>
</label>
Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York.</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label><sup>2</sup>
</label>
Infectious Hazard Management, Department of Health Emergency, World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (WHO/EMRO), Cairo, Egypt.</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label><sup>3</sup>
</label>
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York.</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><corresp id="corr1">Address correspondence to: Stephen S. Morse, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 <email>ssm20@cumc.columbia.edu</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>01</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2019</year>
<pmc-comment>string-date: March 2019</pmc-comment>
      </pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>26</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on the . </pmc-comment>
      <volume>19</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>174</fpage>
<lpage>192</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© Patrick Dawson et al. 2019; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2019</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access"><license-p>This Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</ext-link>
) which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="vbz.2017.2191.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract><title>Abstract</title>
<p><bold><italic>Background:</italic>
</bold>
 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first identified in humans in 2012. A systematic literature review was conducted to synthesize current knowledge and identify critical knowledge gaps.</p>
<p><bold><italic>Materials and Methods:</italic>
</bold>
 We conducted a systematic review on MERS-CoV using PRISMA guidelines. We identified 407 relevant, peer-reviewed publications and selected 208 of these based on their contributions to four key areas: virology; clinical characteristics, outcomes, therapeutic and preventive options; epidemiology and transmission; and animal interface and the search for natural hosts of MERS-CoV.</p>
<p><bold><italic>Results:</italic>
</bold>
 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4/CD26) was identified as the human receptor for MERS-CoV, and a variety of molecular and serological assays developed. Dromedary camels remain the only documented zoonotic source of human infection, but MERS-like CoVs have been detected in bat species globally, as well as in dromedary camels throughout the Middle East and Africa. However, despite evidence of camel-to-human MERS-CoV transmission and cases apparently related to camel contact, the source of many primary cases remains unknown. There have been sustained health care-associated human outbreaks in Saudi Arabia and South Korea, the latter originating from one traveler returning from the Middle East. Transmission mechanisms are poorly understood; for health care, this may include environmental contamination. Various potential therapeutics have been identified, but not yet evaluated in human clinical trials. At least one candidate vaccine has progressed to Phase I trials.</p>
<p><bold><italic>Conclusions:</italic>
</bold>
 There has been substantial MERS-CoV research since 2012, but significant knowledge gaps persist, especially in epidemiology and natural history of the infection. There have been few rigorous studies of baseline prevalence, transmission, and spectrum of disease. Terms such as “camel exposure” and the epidemiological relationships of cases should be clearly defined and standardized. We strongly recommend a shared and accessible registry or database. Coronaviruses will likely continue to emerge, arguing for a unified “One Health” approach.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>MERS</kwd>
<kwd>MERS-CoV</kwd>
<kwd>coronaviruses</kwd>
<kwd>zoonotic disease</kwd>
<kwd>severe acute respiratory infection (SARI)</kwd>
<kwd>MERS epidemiology</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<counts><fig-count count="2"></fig-count>
<table-count count="1"></table-count>
<ref-count count="255"></ref-count>
<page-count count="19"></page-count>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>

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What Have We Learned About Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Emergence in Humans? A Systematic Literature Review

What Have We Learned About Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Emergence in Humans? A Systematic Literature Review

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