The pattern of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Saudi Arabia: a descriptive epidemiological analysis of data from the Saudi Ministry of Health
Identifieur interne : 000D45 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000D44; suivant : 000D46The pattern of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Saudi Arabia: a descriptive epidemiological analysis of data from the Saudi Ministry of Health
Auteurs : Ibrahim G. Alghamdi [Royaume-Uni] ; Issam I. Hussain [Royaume-Uni] ; Shaia S. Almalki ; Mohamed S. Alghamdi ; Mansour M. Alghamdi ; Mohammed A. El-Sheemy [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- International Journal of General Medicine [ 1178-7074 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
This study describes the epidemiology of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Saudi Arabia.
Epidemiological analysis was performed on data from all MERS-CoV cases recorded by the Saudi Ministry of Health between June 6, 2013 and May 14, 2014. The frequency of cases and deaths was calculated and adjusted by month, sex, age group, and region. The average monthly temperature and humidity of infected regions throughout the year was also calculated.
A total of 425 cases were recorded over the study period. The highest number of cases and deaths occurred between April and May 2014. Disease occurrence among men (260 cases [62%]) was higher than in women (162 cases [38%]), and the case fatality rate was higher for men (52%) than for women (23%). In addition, those in the 45–59 years and ≥60 years age groups were most likely to be infected, and the case fatality rate for these people was higher than for other groups. The highest number of cases and deaths were reported in Riyadh (169 cases; 43 deaths), followed by Jeddah (156 cases; 36 deaths) and the Eastern Region (24 cases; 22 deaths). The highest case fatality rate was in the Eastern Region (92%), followed by Medinah (36%) and Najran (33%). MERS-CoV infection actively causes disease in environments with low relative humidity (<20%) and high temperature (15°C–35°C).
MERS-CoV is considered an epidemic in Saudi Arabia. The frequency of cases and deaths is higher among men than women, and those above 45 years of age are most affected. Low relative humidity and high temperature can enhance the spread of this disease in the entire population. Further analytical studies are required to determine the source and mode of infection in Saudi Arabia.
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DOI: 10.2147/IJGM.S67061
PubMed: 25187734
PubMed Central: 4149400
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Ibrahim G. Alghamdi<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-ijgm-7-417">University of Al-Baha, Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-ijgm-7-417">University of Al-Baha, Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-ijgm-7-417">General Directorate of Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4-ijgm-7-417">King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation>Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">The pattern of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Saudi Arabia: a descriptive epidemiological analysis of data from the Saudi Ministry of Health</title><author><name sortKey="Alghamdi, Ibrahim G" sort="Alghamdi, Ibrahim G" uniqKey="Alghamdi I" first="Ibrahim G" last="Alghamdi">Ibrahim G. Alghamdi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ijgm-7-417">University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-ijgm-7-417">University of Al-Baha, Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hussain, Issam I" sort="Hussain, Issam I" uniqKey="Hussain I" first="Issam I" last="Hussain">Issam I. Hussain</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ijgm-7-417">University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Almalki, Shaia S" sort="Almalki, Shaia S" uniqKey="Almalki S" first="Shaia S" last="Almalki">Shaia S. Almalki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-ijgm-7-417">University of Al-Baha, Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alghamdi, Mohamed S" sort="Alghamdi, Mohamed S" uniqKey="Alghamdi M" first="Mohamed S" last="Alghamdi">Mohamed S. Alghamdi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-ijgm-7-417">General Directorate of Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alghamdi, Mansour M" sort="Alghamdi, Mansour M" uniqKey="Alghamdi M" first="Mansour M" last="Alghamdi">Mansour M. Alghamdi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4-ijgm-7-417">King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="El Sheemy, Mohammed A" sort="El Sheemy, Mohammed A" uniqKey="El Sheemy M" first="Mohammed A" last="El-Sheemy">Mohammed A. El-Sheemy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5-ijgm-7-417">Research and Development, Lincoln Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Lincoln, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Research and Development, Lincoln Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Lincoln</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25187734</idno><idno type="pmc">4149400</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4149400</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4149400</idno><idno type="doi">10.2147/IJGM.S67061</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000D45</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000D45</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000D45</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000D45</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The pattern of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Saudi Arabia: a descriptive epidemiological analysis of data from the Saudi Ministry of Health</title><author><name sortKey="Alghamdi, Ibrahim G" sort="Alghamdi, Ibrahim G" uniqKey="Alghamdi I" first="Ibrahim G" last="Alghamdi">Ibrahim G. Alghamdi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ijgm-7-417">University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-ijgm-7-417">University of Al-Baha, Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hussain, Issam I" sort="Hussain, Issam I" uniqKey="Hussain I" first="Issam I" last="Hussain">Issam I. Hussain</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ijgm-7-417">University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Almalki, Shaia S" sort="Almalki, Shaia S" uniqKey="Almalki S" first="Shaia S" last="Almalki">Shaia S. Almalki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-ijgm-7-417">University of Al-Baha, Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alghamdi, Mohamed S" sort="Alghamdi, Mohamed S" uniqKey="Alghamdi M" first="Mohamed S" last="Alghamdi">Mohamed S. Alghamdi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-ijgm-7-417">General Directorate of Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alghamdi, Mansour M" sort="Alghamdi, Mansour M" uniqKey="Alghamdi M" first="Mansour M" last="Alghamdi">Mansour M. Alghamdi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4-ijgm-7-417">King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="El Sheemy, Mohammed A" sort="El Sheemy, Mohammed A" uniqKey="El Sheemy M" first="Mohammed A" last="El-Sheemy">Mohammed A. El-Sheemy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5-ijgm-7-417">Research and Development, Lincoln Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Lincoln, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Research and Development, Lincoln Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Lincoln</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International Journal of General Medicine</title><idno type="eISSN">1178-7074</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>This study describes the epidemiology of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Saudi Arabia.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Epidemiological analysis was performed on data from all MERS-CoV cases recorded by the Saudi Ministry of Health between June 6, 2013 and May 14, 2014. The frequency of cases and deaths was calculated and adjusted by month, sex, age group, and region. The average monthly temperature and humidity of infected regions throughout the year was also calculated.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>A total of 425 cases were recorded over the study period. The highest number of cases and deaths occurred between April and May 2014. Disease occurrence among men (260 cases [62%]) was higher than in women (162 cases [38%]), and the case fatality rate was higher for men (52%) than for women (23%). In addition, those in the 45–59 years and ≥60 years age groups were most likely to be infected, and the case fatality rate for these people was higher than for other groups. The highest number of cases and deaths were reported in Riyadh (169 cases; 43 deaths), followed by Jeddah (156 cases; 36 deaths) and the Eastern Region (24 cases; 22 deaths). The highest case fatality rate was in the Eastern Region (92%), followed by Medinah (36%) and Najran (33%). MERS-CoV infection actively causes disease in environments with low relative humidity (<20%) and high temperature (15°C–35°C).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>MERS-CoV is considered an epidemic in Saudi Arabia. The frequency of cases and deaths is higher among men than women, and those above 45 years of age are most affected. Low relative humidity and high temperature can enhance the spread of this disease in the entire population. Further analytical studies are required to determine the source and mode of infection in Saudi Arabia.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zaki, Am" uniqKey="Zaki A">AM Zaki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Boheemen, S" uniqKey="Van Boheemen S">S van Boheemen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bestebroer, Tm" uniqKey="Bestebroer T">TM Bestebroer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Osterhaus, Ad" uniqKey="Osterhaus A">AD Osterhaus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fouchier, Ra" uniqKey="Fouchier R">RA Fouchier</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Drosten, C" uniqKey="Drosten C">C Drosten</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seilmaier, M" uniqKey="Seilmaier M">M Seilmaier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Corman, Vm" uniqKey="Corman V">VM Corman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cauchemez, S" uniqKey="Cauchemez S">S Cauchemez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Kerkhove, Md" uniqKey="Van Kerkhove M">MD Van Kerkhove</name></author><author><name sortKey="Riley, S" uniqKey="Riley S">S Riley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Donnelly, Ca" uniqKey="Donnelly C">CA Donnelly</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fraser, C" uniqKey="Fraser C">C Fraser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ferguson, Nm" uniqKey="Ferguson N">NM Ferguson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Reusken, Cb" uniqKey="Reusken C">CB Reusken</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haagmans, Bl" uniqKey="Haagmans B">BL Haagmans</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Ma" uniqKey="Muller M">MA Müller</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Perera, Ra" uniqKey="Perera R">RA Perera</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, P" uniqKey="Wang P">P Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gomaa, Mr" uniqKey="Gomaa M">MR Gomaa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Friis, Rh" uniqKey="Friis R">RH Friis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sellers, Ta" uniqKey="Sellers T">TA Sellers</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Furman, D" uniqKey="Furman D">D Furman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hejblum, Bp" uniqKey="Hejblum B">BP Hejblum</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simon, N" uniqKey="Simon N">N Simon</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rashid, H" uniqKey="Rashid H">H Rashid</name></author><author><name sortKey="Azeem, Mi" uniqKey="Azeem M">MI Azeem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heron, L" uniqKey="Heron L">L Heron</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haworth, E" uniqKey="Haworth E">E Haworth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Booy, R" uniqKey="Booy R">R Booy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Memish, Za" uniqKey="Memish Z">ZA Memish</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Premila Devi, J" uniqKey="Premila Devi J">J Premila Devi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Noraini, W" uniqKey="Noraini W">W Noraini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Norhayati, R" uniqKey="Norhayati R">R Norhayati</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Noti, Jd" uniqKey="Noti J">JD Noti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Blachere, Fm" uniqKey="Blachere F">FM Blachere</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcmillen, Cm" uniqKey="Mcmillen C">CM McMillen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int J Gen Med</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Int J Gen Med</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">International Journal of General Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of General Medicine</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1178-7074</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Dove Medical Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25187734</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4149400</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2147/IJGM.S67061</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">ijgm-7-417</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The pattern of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Saudi Arabia: a descriptive epidemiological analysis of data from the Saudi Ministry of Health</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Alghamdi</surname><given-names>Ibrahim G</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ijgm-7-417">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-ijgm-7-417">2</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1-ijgm-7-417"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hussain</surname><given-names>Issam I</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ijgm-7-417">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Almalki</surname><given-names>Shaia S</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-ijgm-7-417">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Alghamdi</surname><given-names>Mohamed S</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3-ijgm-7-417">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Alghamdi</surname><given-names>Mansour M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4-ijgm-7-417">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>El-Sheemy</surname><given-names>Mohammed A</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af5-ijgm-7-417">5</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-ijgm-7-417"><label>1</label>University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, UK</aff><aff id="af2-ijgm-7-417"><label>2</label>University of Al-Baha, Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</aff><aff id="af3-ijgm-7-417"><label>3</label>General Directorate of Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</aff><aff id="af4-ijgm-7-417"><label>4</label>King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</aff><aff id="af5-ijgm-7-417"><label>5</label>Research and Development, Lincoln Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Lincoln, UK</aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-ijgm-7-417">Correspondence: Ibrahim G Alghamdi, University of Lincoln, School of Life Sciences, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK, Tel +44 116 276 1913, Email <email>bio-stat@hotmail.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>8</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><fpage>417</fpage><lpage>423</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2014 Alghamdi et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>The full terms of the License are available at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</ext-link>. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>This study describes the epidemiology of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Saudi Arabia.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Epidemiological analysis was performed on data from all MERS-CoV cases recorded by the Saudi Ministry of Health between June 6, 2013 and May 14, 2014. The frequency of cases and deaths was calculated and adjusted by month, sex, age group, and region. The average monthly temperature and humidity of infected regions throughout the year was also calculated.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>A total of 425 cases were recorded over the study period. The highest number of cases and deaths occurred between April and May 2014. Disease occurrence among men (260 cases [62%]) was higher than in women (162 cases [38%]), and the case fatality rate was higher for men (52%) than for women (23%). In addition, those in the 45–59 years and ≥60 years age groups were most likely to be infected, and the case fatality rate for these people was higher than for other groups. The highest number of cases and deaths were reported in Riyadh (169 cases; 43 deaths), followed by Jeddah (156 cases; 36 deaths) and the Eastern Region (24 cases; 22 deaths). The highest case fatality rate was in the Eastern Region (92%), followed by Medinah (36%) and Najran (33%). MERS-CoV infection actively causes disease in environments with low relative humidity (<20%) and high temperature (15°C–35°C).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>MERS-CoV is considered an epidemic in Saudi Arabia. The frequency of cases and deaths is higher among men than women, and those above 45 years of age are most affected. Low relative humidity and high temperature can enhance the spread of this disease in the entire population. Further analytical studies are required to determine the source and mode of infection in Saudi Arabia.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><title>Keywords</title><kwd>Middle East respiratory syndrome</kwd><kwd>case fatality rate</kwd><kwd>descriptive epidemiology</kwd><kwd>temperature</kwd><kwd>humidity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="f1-ijgm-7-417" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Distribution off MERS-CoV cases and deaths by date of diagnosis and sex in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><bold>Notes:</bold> (<bold>A</bold>) The frequency of MERS-CoV cases and deaths in Saudi Arabia, from June to December 2013. (<bold>B</bold>) The frequency of MERS-CoV cases and deaths in Saudi Arabia, from January to middle of May 2014. (<bold>C</bold>) The frequency of MERS-CoV cases and deaths, adjusted by sex, in Saudi Arabia, from June 2013 to May 2014. (<bold>D</bold>) The case fatality rate of MERS-CoV disease, adjusted by sex, in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><bold>Abbreviation:</bold> MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijgm-7-417Fig1"></graphic></fig><fig id="f2-ijgm-7-417" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Distribution off MERS-CoV cases and deaths by age group and region in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><bold>Notes:</bold> (<bold>A)</bold> The frequency of MERS-CoV cases and deaths, adjusted by age group, in Saudi Arabia. (<bold>B</bold>) The case fatality rate of MERS-CoV disease, adjusted by age group, in Saudi Arabia. (<bold>C</bold>) The frequency of MERS-CoV cases and deaths, adjusted by region, in Saudi Arabia. (<bold>D</bold>) The case fatality rate of MERS-CoV disease, adjusted by region, in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><bold>Abbreviation:</bold> MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijgm-7-417Fig2"></graphic></fig><fig id="f3-ijgm-7-417" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>The impact of temperature and relative humidity on MERS-CoV cases in different regions of Saudi Arabia.</p><p><bold>Notes:</bold> (<bold>A</bold>) Low and high average monthly temperature in Riyadh. (<bold>B</bold>) Low and high average monthly relative humidity in Riyadh. (<bold>C</bold>) Low and high average monthly temperature in Jeddah. (<bold>D</bold>) Low and high average monthly relative humidity in Jeddah.</p><p><bold>Abbreviation:</bold> MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijgm-7-417Fig3"></graphic></fig><fig id="f4-ijgm-7-417" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>The impact of temperature and relative humidity on MERS-CoV cases in different regions of Saudi Arabia.</p><p><bold>Notes:</bold> (<bold>A</bold>) Low and high average monthly temperature in Eastern Region. (<bold>B</bold>) Low and high average monthly relative humidity in Eastern Region. (<bold>C</bold>) Low and high average monthly temperature in Medinah. (<bold>D</bold>) Low and high average monthly relative humidity in Medinah.</p><p><bold>Abbreviation:</bold> MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijgm-7-417Fig4"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="t1-ijgm-7-417" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Case fatality rate in Saudi Arabia adjusted by date of diagnosis</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Month</th><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1">Number of cases
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1">Number of deaths
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1">Case fatality rate ×100
<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of deaths/total number of cases</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">June 2013</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11/17</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">July</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5/12</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">August</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2/7</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">September</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8/17</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">47</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">October</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3/10</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">November</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3/5</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">December</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2/11</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">January 2014</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2/2</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">February</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2/5</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">March</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3/15</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">April</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">131</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">59</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">190</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45/190</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">May</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">70</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">134</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34/134</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">260</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">162</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">425</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">120</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">120/425</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62%</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38%</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">74%</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26%</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t2-ijgm-7-417" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Case fatality rate in Saudi Arabia adjusted by age group</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Age group, years</th><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1">Number of cases
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1">Number of deaths
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1">Case fatality rate ×100
<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of deaths/total number of cases</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0–14</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2/11</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15–29</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10/54</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.5</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30–44</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">106</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8/98</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45–59</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">68</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">107</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38/69</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">≥60</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">135</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42/93</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">260</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">165</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">425</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">120</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">120/305</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn1-ijgm-7-417"><p><bold>Notes:</bold> Case fatality rate for males: 89/171 ×100=52%; case fatality rate for females: 31/134 ×100=23%.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t3-ijgm-7-417" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Case fatality rate in Saudi Arabia adjusted by region</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Region</th><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1">Number of cases
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1">Number of deaths
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1">Case fatality rate
<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of deaths/total number of cases</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Eastern Region</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22/24</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Riyadh</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">91</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">169</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43/169</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Jeddah</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">105</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">156</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36/156</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Makkah</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6/25</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Medinah</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8/22</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Jouf</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2/2</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Taif</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1/5</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Asir</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1/7</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Najran</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1/1</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tabuk</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1/11</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Northern Region</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1/0</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">260</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">162</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">425</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">120</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">120/425</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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