Molecular aspects of MERS-CoV
Identifieur interne : 000515 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000514; suivant : 000516Molecular aspects of MERS-CoV
Auteurs : Ali A. Rabaan [Arabie saoudite] ; Ali M. Bazzi [Arabie saoudite] ; Shamsah H. Al-Ahmed [Arabie saoudite] ; Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq [Arabie saoudite, États-Unis]Source :
- Frontiers of Medicine [ 2095-0217 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a betacoronavirus which can cause acute respiratory distress in humans and is associated with a relatively high mortality rate. Since it was first identified in a patient who died in a Jeddah hospital in 2012, the World Health Organization has been notified of 1735 laboratory-confirmed cases from 27 countries, including 628 deaths. Most cases have occurred in Saudi Arabia. MERS-CoVancestors may be found in OldWorld bats of the Vespertilionidae family. After a proposed bat to camel switching event, transmission of MERS-CoV to humans is likely to have been the result of multiple zoonotic transfers from dromedary camels. Human-to-human transmission appears to require close contact with infected persons, with outbreaks mainly occurring in hospital environments. Outbreaks have been associated with inadequate infection prevention and control implementation, resulting in recommendations on basic and more advanced infection prevention and control measures by the World Health Organization, and issuing of government guidelines based on these recommendations in affected countries including Saudi Arabia. Evolutionary changes in the virus, particularly in the viral spike protein which mediates virus-host cell contact may potentially increase transmission of this virus. Efforts are on-going to identify specific evidence-based therapies or vaccines. The broad-spectrum antiviral nitazoxanide has been shown to have
Url:
DOI: 10.1007/s11684-017-0521-z
PubMed: 28500431
PubMed Central: 7089120
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a betacoronavirus which can cause acute respiratory distress in humans and is associated with a relatively high mortality rate. Since it was first identified in a patient who died in a Jeddah hospital in 2012, the World Health Organization has been notified of 1735 laboratory-confirmed cases from 27 countries, including 628 deaths. Most cases have occurred in Saudi Arabia. MERS-CoVancestors may be found in OldWorld bats of the Vespertilionidae family. After a proposed bat to camel switching event, transmission of MERS-CoV to humans is likely to have been the result of multiple zoonotic transfers from dromedary camels. Human-to-human transmission appears to require close contact with infected persons, with outbreaks mainly occurring in hospital environments. Outbreaks have been associated with inadequate infection prevention and control implementation, resulting in recommendations on basic and more advanced infection prevention and control measures by the World Health Organization, and issuing of government guidelines based on these recommendations in affected countries including Saudi Arabia. Evolutionary changes in the virus, particularly in the viral spike protein which mediates virus-host cell contact may potentially increase transmission of this virus. Efforts are on-going to identify specific evidence-based therapies or vaccines. The broad-spectrum antiviral nitazoxanide has been shown to have <italic>in vitro</italic>
activity against MERS-CoV. Synthetic peptides and candidate vaccines based on regions of the spike protein have shown promise in rodent and non-human primate models. GLS-5300, a prophylactic DNA-plasmid vaccine encoding S protein, is the first MERS-CoV vaccine to be tested in humans, while monoclonal antibody, m336 has given promising results in animal models and has potential for use in outbreak situations.</p>
</div>
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<pmc article-type="review-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Front Med</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Front Med</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Frontiers of Medicine</journal-title>
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<issn pub-type="ppub">2095-0217</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2095-0225</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Higher Education Press</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Beijing</publisher-loc>
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<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">28500431</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7089120</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">521</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s11684-017-0521-z</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Review</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Molecular aspects of MERS-CoV</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Rabaan</surname>
<given-names>Ali A.</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>ali.rabaan@jhah.com</email>
<email>arabaan@gmail.com</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bazzi</surname>
<given-names>Ali M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Al-Ahmed</surname>
<given-names>Shamsah H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Al-Tawfiq</surname>
<given-names>Jaffar A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff4">4</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5">5</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="Aff1"><label>1</label>
<institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9702 165X</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.415305.6</institution-id>
<institution>Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory,</institution>
<institution>Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Dhahran, 31311 Saudi Arabia</aff>
<aff id="Aff2"><label>2</label>
<institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9702 165X</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.415305.6</institution-id>
<institution>Microbiology Laboratory,</institution>
<institution>Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Dhahran, 31311 Saudi Arabia</aff>
<aff id="Aff3"><label>3</label>
<institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1790 6706</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.415458.9</institution-id>
<institution>Specialty Paediatric Medicine,</institution>
<institution>Qatif Central Hospital,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Qatif, 32654 Saudi Arabia</aff>
<aff id="Aff4"><label>4</label>
<institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9702 165X</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.415305.6</institution-id>
<institution>Specialty Internal Medicine,</institution>
<institution>Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Dhahran, 31311 Saudi Arabia</aff>
<aff id="Aff5"><label>5</label>
<institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0413 3513</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.266471.0</institution-id>
<institution>University School of Medicine,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA</aff>
</contrib-group>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>11</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>365</fpage>
<lpage>377</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>16</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2016</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>23</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2017</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017</copyright-statement>
<license><license-p>This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract id="Abs1"><p>Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a betacoronavirus which can cause acute respiratory distress in humans and is associated with a relatively high mortality rate. Since it was first identified in a patient who died in a Jeddah hospital in 2012, the World Health Organization has been notified of 1735 laboratory-confirmed cases from 27 countries, including 628 deaths. Most cases have occurred in Saudi Arabia. MERS-CoVancestors may be found in OldWorld bats of the Vespertilionidae family. After a proposed bat to camel switching event, transmission of MERS-CoV to humans is likely to have been the result of multiple zoonotic transfers from dromedary camels. Human-to-human transmission appears to require close contact with infected persons, with outbreaks mainly occurring in hospital environments. Outbreaks have been associated with inadequate infection prevention and control implementation, resulting in recommendations on basic and more advanced infection prevention and control measures by the World Health Organization, and issuing of government guidelines based on these recommendations in affected countries including Saudi Arabia. Evolutionary changes in the virus, particularly in the viral spike protein which mediates virus-host cell contact may potentially increase transmission of this virus. Efforts are on-going to identify specific evidence-based therapies or vaccines. The broad-spectrum antiviral nitazoxanide has been shown to have <italic>in vitro</italic>
activity against MERS-CoV. Synthetic peptides and candidate vaccines based on regions of the spike protein have shown promise in rodent and non-human primate models. GLS-5300, a prophylactic DNA-plasmid vaccine encoding S protein, is the first MERS-CoV vaccine to be tested in humans, while monoclonal antibody, m336 has given promising results in animal models and has potential for use in outbreak situations.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>MERS-CoV</kwd>
<kwd>Saudi Arabia</kwd>
<kwd>spike protein</kwd>
<kwd>transmission</kwd>
<kwd>evolution</kwd>
<kwd>vaccine</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name>
<meta-value>© Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2017</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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