Aerosol-Transmitted Infections—a New Consideration for Public Health and Infection Control Teams
Identifieur interne : 000506 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000505; suivant : 000507Aerosol-Transmitted Infections—a New Consideration for Public Health and Infection Control Teams
Auteurs : Julian W. Tang ; Peter Wilson [Royaume-Uni] ; Nandini Shetty [Royaume-Uni] ; Catherine J. Noakes [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Current Treatment Options in Infectious Diseases [ 1523-3820 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Since the emergence of the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the 2003 reemergence of avian A/H5N1, the emergence of the 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1, the 2012 emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), the 2013 emergence of avian A/H7N9 and the 2014 Ebola virus outbreaks, the potential for the aerosol transmission of infectious agents is now routinely considered in the investigation of any outbreak. Although many organisms have traditionally been considered to be transmitted by only one route (e.g. direct/indirect contact and/or faecal-orally), it is now apparent that the aerosol transmission route is also possible and opportunistic, depending on any potentially aerosol-generating procedures, the severity of illness and the degree and duration of pathogen-shedding in the infected patient, as well as the environment in which these activities are conducted.This article reviews the evidence and characteristics of some of the accepted (tuberculosis, measles, chickenpox, whooping cough) and some of the more opportunistic (influenza,
Url:
DOI: 10.1007/s40506-015-0057-1
PubMed: 32226323
PubMed Central: 7100085
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Opinion statement</title>
<p id="Par1">Since the emergence of the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the 2003 reemergence of avian A/H5N1, the emergence of the 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1, the 2012 emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), the 2013 emergence of avian A/H7N9 and the 2014 Ebola virus outbreaks, the potential for the aerosol transmission of infectious agents is now routinely considered in the investigation of any outbreak. Although many organisms have traditionally been considered to be transmitted by only one route (e.g. direct/indirect contact and/or faecal-orally), it is now apparent that the aerosol transmission route is also possible and opportunistic, depending on any potentially aerosol-generating procedures, the severity of illness and the degree and duration of pathogen-shedding in the infected patient, as well as the environment in which these activities are conducted.This article reviews the evidence and characteristics of some of the accepted (tuberculosis, measles, chickenpox, whooping cough) and some of the more opportunistic (influenza, <italic>Clostridium difficile</italic>
, norovirus) aerosol-transmitted infectious agents and outlines methods of detecting and quantifying transmission.</p>
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</TEI>
<pmc article-type="review-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Curr Treat Options Infect Dis</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Curr Treat Options Infect Dis</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Current Treatment Options in Infectious Diseases</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1523-3820</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1534-6250</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Springer US</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>New York</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">32226323</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7100085</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">57</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s40506-015-0057-1</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Viral Infections (J Tang, Section Editor)</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Aerosol-Transmitted Infections—a New Consideration for Public Health and Infection Control Teams</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Tang</surname>
<given-names>Julian W.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MA, PhD, MRCP, FRCPath, FHKCPath, FHKAM</degrees>
<address><phone>+44 (0) 116 258 6516</phone>
<email>jwtang49@hotmail.com</email>
<email>Julian.tang@uhl-tr.nhs.uk</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wilson</surname>
<given-names>Peter</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, FRCP, FRCPath</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shetty</surname>
<given-names>Nandini</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, FRCPath</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Noakes</surname>
<given-names>Catherine J.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD, CEng, FIMechE, FIHEEM</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="Aff1"><label>1</label>
<institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.269014.8</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000104359078</institution-id>
<institution>Clinical Microbiology, Leicester Royal Infirmary,</institution>
<institution>University Hospitals Leicester, Leicester NHS Trust,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Leicester, LE1 5WW UK</aff>
<aff id="Aff2"><label>2</label>
<institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.52996.31</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000089372257</institution-id>
<institution>Clinical Microbiology,</institution>
<institution>University College London Hospitals NHS Trust,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
London, UK</aff>
<aff id="Aff3"><label>3</label>
<institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.9909.9</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000419368403</institution-id>
<institution>Institute for Public Health and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering,</institution>
<institution>University of Leeds,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Leeds, UK</aff>
</contrib-group>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>176</fpage>
<lpage>201</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015</copyright-statement>
<license><license-p>This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract id="Abs1"><title>Opinion statement</title>
<p id="Par1">Since the emergence of the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the 2003 reemergence of avian A/H5N1, the emergence of the 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1, the 2012 emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), the 2013 emergence of avian A/H7N9 and the 2014 Ebola virus outbreaks, the potential for the aerosol transmission of infectious agents is now routinely considered in the investigation of any outbreak. Although many organisms have traditionally been considered to be transmitted by only one route (e.g. direct/indirect contact and/or faecal-orally), it is now apparent that the aerosol transmission route is also possible and opportunistic, depending on any potentially aerosol-generating procedures, the severity of illness and the degree and duration of pathogen-shedding in the infected patient, as well as the environment in which these activities are conducted.This article reviews the evidence and characteristics of some of the accepted (tuberculosis, measles, chickenpox, whooping cough) and some of the more opportunistic (influenza, <italic>Clostridium difficile</italic>
, norovirus) aerosol-transmitted infectious agents and outlines methods of detecting and quantifying transmission.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Aerosol</kwd>
<kwd>Airborne</kwd>
<kwd>Droplet</kwd>
<kwd>Droplet nuclei</kwd>
<kwd>Infection</kwd>
<kwd>Transmission</kwd>
<kwd>Infection control</kwd>
<kwd>Influenza</kwd>
<kwd>Measles</kwd>
<kwd>Varicella</kwd>
<kwd>Chickenpox</kwd>
<kwd>Tuberculosis</kwd>
<kwd>Smallpox</kwd>
<kwd>SARS</kwd>
<kwd>Whooping cough</kwd>
<kwd><italic>Bordetella pertussis</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd><italic>Clostridium difficile</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd>Norovirus</kwd>
<kwd>Anthrax</kwd>
<kwd>Botulism</kwd>
<kwd>Tularaemia</kwd>
<kwd>Viral hemorrhagic fevers</kwd>
<kwd>Plague</kwd>
<kwd>Bioterrorism</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name>
<meta-value>© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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