Super-spreading events of MERS-CoV infection
Identifieur interne : 000813 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 000812; suivant : 000814Super-spreading events of MERS-CoV infection
Auteurs : David S. HuiSource :
- Lancet (London, England) [ 0140-6736 ] ; 2016.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30828-5
PubMed: 27402382
PubMed Central: 7136991
Links to Exploration step
PMC:7136991Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Super-spreading events of MERS-CoV infection</title><author><name sortKey="Hui, David S" sort="Hui, David S" uniqKey="Hui D" first="David S" last="Hui">David S. Hui</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">27402382</idno><idno type="pmc">7136991</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7136991</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7136991</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30828-5</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000813</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000813</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Super-spreading events of MERS-CoV infection</title><author><name sortKey="Hui, David S" sort="Hui, David S" uniqKey="Hui D" first="David S" last="Hui">David S. Hui</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Lancet (London, England)</title><idno type="ISSN">0140-6736</idno><idno type="eISSN">1474-547X</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zaki, Am" uniqKey="Zaki A">AM Zaki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Boheemen, S" uniqKey="Van Boheemen S">S van Boheemen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bestebroer, Tm" uniqKey="Bestebroer T">TM Bestebroer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kim, Km" uniqKey="Kim K">KM Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ki, M" uniqKey="Ki M">M Ki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cho, Si" uniqKey="Cho S">SI Cho</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cho, Sy" uniqKey="Cho S">SY Cho</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kang, J M" uniqKey="Kang J">J-M Kang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ha, Ye" uniqKey="Ha Y">YE Ha</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Assiri, A" uniqKey="Assiri A">A Assiri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcgeer, A" uniqKey="Mcgeer A">A McGeer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perl, Tm" uniqKey="Perl T">TM Perl</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Oboho, Ik" uniqKey="Oboho I">IK Oboho</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tomczyk, Sm" uniqKey="Tomczyk S">SM Tomczyk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Asmari, Am" uniqKey="Al Asmari A">AM Al-Asmari</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hijawi, B" uniqKey="Hijawi B">B Hijawi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abdallat, M" uniqKey="Abdallat M">M Abdallat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sayaydeh, A" uniqKey="Sayaydeh A">A Sayaydeh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hunter, Jc" uniqKey="Hunter J">JC Hunter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, D" uniqKey="Nguyen D">D Nguyen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aden, B" uniqKey="Aden B">B Aden</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zumla, A" uniqKey="Zumla A">A Zumla</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hui, Ds" uniqKey="Hui D">DS Hui</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="discussion"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Lancet</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Lancet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Lancet (London, England)</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0140-6736</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1474-547X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Elsevier Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27402382</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7136991</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0140-6736(16)30828-5</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30828-5</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Super-spreading events of MERS-CoV infection</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au10"><name><surname>Hui</surname><given-names>David S</given-names></name><email>dschui@cuhk.edu.hk</email><xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>a</label>Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</aff><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>9</day><month>7</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on .</pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub" iso-8601-date="2016-09-09"><season>3-9 September</season><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>9</day><month>7</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>388</volume><issue>10048</issue><fpage>942</fpage><lpage>943</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Elsevier Ltd</copyright-holder><license><license-p>Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.</license-p></license></permissions><related-article related-article-type="article-reference" id="d32e278" ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30623-7"></related-article></article-meta></front><body><p id="para10">Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first identified in September, 2012, from a 68-year-old man who had died of severe pneumonia and multiorgan failure in Saudi Arabia in June, 2012.<xref rid="bib1" ref-type="bibr"><sup>1</sup></xref> Since then, MERS-CoV infection has spread to 27 countries, including South Korea, where 186 cases had been confirmed within 2 months following the return of a Korean businessman (Patient 1) who had visited four countries in the Middle East between April 18 and May 3, 2015.<xref rid="bib2" ref-type="bibr"><sup>2</sup></xref> This major outbreak in South Korea is characterised by five super-spreading events in hospital settings,<xref rid="bib3" ref-type="bibr"><sup>3</sup></xref> of which two were related—one at Pyeongtaek St Mary's Hospital (Pyeongtaek; by Patient 1)<xref rid="bib4" ref-type="bibr"><sup>4</sup></xref> and one at Samsung Medical Center (Seoul; by Patient 14).<xref rid="bib3" ref-type="bibr"><sup>3</sup></xref></p><p id="para20">During Patient 1's stay at Pyeongtaek St Mary's Hospital on May 15–17, 2015, he had infected 36 patients, including Patient 14, who was staying on the same floor.<xref rid="bib4" ref-type="bibr"><sup>4</sup></xref> Both Patient 1 and Patient 14 had sought medical attention at different health-care facilities before being treated at the Samsung Medical Center on May 17–20 (Patient 1) and May 27–29 (Patient 14), around day 7 of their illness when they were highly infectious. However, it was Patient 14 who had led to the major nosocomial outbreak at the Samsung Medical Center.<xref rid="bib3" ref-type="bibr"><sup>3</sup></xref> Patient 1 had initially presented to the emergency room on May 17, 2015, when the hospital was full; he was admitted and isolated immediately on May 18, 2015, after his travel history to the Middle East was ascertained by a medical officer, without causing any nosocomial outbreak.<xref rid="bib4" ref-type="bibr"><sup>4</sup></xref></p><p id="para30">In <italic>The Lancet</italic>, Sun Young Cho and colleagues<xref rid="bib5" ref-type="bibr"><sup>5</sup></xref> report results from their comprehensive retrospective investigation of the MERS-CoV super-spreading event at the Samsung Medical Center emergency room, including a review of closed-circuit security video footage and electronic medical records. This nosocomial outbreak was most intriguing, with 82 people (33 patients, eight health-care workers, and 41 visitors) being infected following exposure to Patient 14 on May 27–29 in the emergency room. Patients staying in the same zone as Patient 14 had the highest attack rate (20% [23 of 117 patients]), compared with 5% (three of 58) in those with brief exposure to Patient 14 at the registration area or the radiology suite of the emergency room, and 1% (four of 500) in other patients who stayed in different zones. The median incubation period of patients who stayed in the same zone as Patient 14 was shorter than that in patients who stayed in different zones (5 days [IQR 4–8] <italic>vs</italic> 11 days [6–12]; p<0·0001). No cases were documented in patients and visitors who had visited the emergency room on May 29 and were exposed only to potentially contaminated environment without direct contact with Patient 14.<xref rid="bib5" ref-type="bibr"><sup>5</sup></xref> The data suggest that the location (and hence the timing) of exposure to Patient 14 was an important factor in determining the attack rate and incubation period.</p><p id="para40">Several other predisposing factors to this super-spreading event included failure to implement strict isolation of patients and quarantine of contacts at the first outbreak hospital (Pyeongtaek St Mary's Hospital),<xref rid="bib3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>, <xref rid="bib4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref> poor communication and knowledge of patient movement between hospitals, overcrowding in the emergency room, inadequate ventilation with only three air changes per h, and limited availability of isolation rooms in the emergency room.<xref rid="bib5" ref-type="bibr"><sup>5</sup></xref> At least six air changes per h in existing hospital facilities are needed to reduce room contamination in the management of acute respiratory infections, whereas 12 air changes per h are recommended for new or renovated facilities, especially when managing patients receiving mechanical ventilation and during aerosol-generating procedures.<xref rid="bib6" ref-type="bibr"><sup>6</sup></xref></p><p id="para50">Failure in infection control and prevention in health-care facilities has resulted in large numbers of secondary cases of MERS-CoV infection involving health-care workers, existing patients, and visitors in Saudi Arabia<xref rid="bib7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>, <xref rid="bib8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref> and several other countries in the past few years.<xref rid="bib5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>, <xref rid="bib9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>, <xref rid="bib10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref> Common risk factors include exposure to contaminated and overcrowded health-care facilities, poor compliance with appropriate personal protection equipment when assessing patients with febrile respiratory illness, application of potential aerosol-generating procedures (eg, resuscitation, continuous positive airway pressure, nebulised drugs), and lack of proper isolation room facilities.<xref rid="bib5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>, <xref rid="bib7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>, <xref rid="bib8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>, <xref rid="bib9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>, <xref rid="bib10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref> The customs of patients seeking care at different health-care facilities (so-called doctor shopping), as in the cases of Patients 1 and 14, and having friends and family members to stay with patients as caregivers at already overcrowded health-care facilities are unique factors in South Korea.<xref rid="bib11" ref-type="bibr"><sup>11</sup></xref></p><p id="para60"><fig id="f10"><graphic xlink:href="fx1_lrg"></graphic><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2016 Centre for Infections/Public Health England/Science Photo Library</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><license><license-p>Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.</license-p></license></permissions></fig></p><p id="para70">Although no aerosol-generating procedures were performed (with the exception of Patient 14 receiving supplemental oxygen at 2–5 L per min during his stay at the emergency room),<xref rid="bib5" ref-type="bibr"><sup>5</sup></xref> the role of such procedures, environmental contamination, and asymptomatic carriers in disease transmission would require further investigation in future major nosocomial outbreaks of MERS-CoV infection. Good compliance with appropriate personal protection equipment by health-care workers when managing patients with suspected and confirmed MERS-CoV infection, early diagnosis, prompt isolation of infected patients, and improvement of ventilation in health-care facilities are important measures to prevent nosocomial outbreaks.<xref rid="bib12" ref-type="bibr"><sup>12</sup></xref></p></body><back><ref-list id="bibl10"><title>References</title><ref id="bib1"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="sbref10"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zaki</surname><given-names>AM</given-names></name><name><surname>van Boheemen</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Bestebroer</surname><given-names>TM</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia</article-title><source>N Engl J Med</source><volume>367</volume><year>2012</year><fpage>1814</fpage><lpage>1820</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23075143</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib2"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="other" id="sbref20"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>WHO</collab></person-group><article-title>Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)—Republic of Korea. Disease outbreak news 24 May 2015</article-title><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.who.int/csr/don/24-may-2015-mers-korea/en" id="interrefs10">http://www.who.int/csr/don/24-may-2015-mers-korea/en</ext-link><comment>(accessed June 13, 2016).</comment></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib3"><label>3</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="sbref30"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</collab></person-group><article-title>Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak in the Republic of Korea, 2015</article-title><source>Osong Public Health Res Perspect</source><volume>6</volume><year>2015</year><fpage>269</fpage><lpage>278</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26473095</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib4"><label>4</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="sbref40"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>KM</given-names></name><name><surname>Ki</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Cho</surname><given-names>SI</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Epidemiologic features of the first MERS outbreak in Korea: focus on Pyeongtaek St. Mary's Hospital</article-title><source>Epidemiol Health</source><volume>37</volume><year>2015</year><fpage>e2015041</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26725225</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib5"><label>5</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="sbref50"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cho</surname><given-names>SY</given-names></name><name><surname>Kang</surname><given-names>J-M</given-names></name><name><surname>Ha</surname><given-names>YE</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>MERS-CoV outbreak following a single patient exposure in an emergency room in South Korea: an epidemiological outbreak study</article-title><source>Lancet</source><year>2016</year><comment>published online July 8.</comment><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30623-7</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib6"><label>6</label><element-citation publication-type="book" id="sbref60"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>WHO</collab></person-group><source>WHO Guidelines. Natural ventilation for infection control in health-care settings</source><year>2009</year><publisher-name>World Health Organization</publisher-name><publisher-loc>Geneva</publisher-loc><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241547857_eng.pdf" id="interrefs30">http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241547857_eng.pdf</ext-link><comment>(accessed June 28, 2016).</comment></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib7"><label>7</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="sbref70"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Assiri</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>McGeer</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Perl</surname><given-names>TM</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus</article-title><source>N Engl J Med</source><volume>369</volume><year>2013</year><fpage>407</fpage><lpage>416</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23782161</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib8"><label>8</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="sbref80"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Oboho</surname><given-names>IK</given-names></name><name><surname>Tomczyk</surname><given-names>SM</given-names></name><name><surname>Al-Asmari</surname><given-names>AM</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>2014 MERS-CoV outbreak in Jeddah—a link to health care facilities</article-title><source>N Engl J Med</source><volume>372</volume><year>2015</year><fpage>846</fpage><lpage>854</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25714162</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib9"><label>9</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="sbref90"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hijawi</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Abdallat</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Sayaydeh</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Novel coronavirus infections in Jordan, April 2012: epidemiological findings from a retrospective investigation</article-title><source>East Mediterr Health J</source><volume>19</volume><issue>suppl 1</issue><year>2013</year><fpage>S12</fpage><lpage>S18</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23888790</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib10"><label>10</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="sbref100"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hunter</surname><given-names>JC</given-names></name><name><surname>Nguyen</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Aden</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections in healthcare settings, Abu Dhabi</article-title><source>Emerg Infect Dis</source><volume>22</volume><year>2016</year><fpage>647</fpage><lpage>656</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26981708</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib11"><label>11</label><element-citation publication-type="other" id="sbref110"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>WHO</collab></person-group><article-title>WHO recommends continuation of strong disease control measures to bring MERS-CoV outbreak in Republic of Korea to an end. News release</article-title><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.wpro.who.int/mediacentre/releases/2015/20150613/en" id="interrefs40">http://www.wpro.who.int/mediacentre/releases/2015/20150613/en</ext-link><year>June 13, 2013</year><comment>(accessed June 14, 2015).</comment></element-citation></ref><ref id="bib12"><label>12</label><element-citation publication-type="journal" id="sbref120"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zumla</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Hui</surname><given-names>DS</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Infection control and MERS-CoV in health-care workers</article-title><source>Lancet</source><volume>383</volume><year>2014</year><fpage>1869</fpage><lpage>1871</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24857701</pub-id></element-citation></ref></ref-list><ack><p>I was a member of the joint WHO–Republic of Korea Urgent Mission for the investigation of the outbreak of the Middle East respiratory syndrome in South Korea. I declare no other competing interests.</p></ack></back></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/MersV1/Data/Pmc/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000813 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 000813 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Sante
|area= MersV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:7136991
|texte= Super-spreading events of MERS-CoV infection
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:27402382" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a MersV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |