Gene Synthesis – Enabling Technologies for Synthetic Biology
Identifieur interne : 002555 ( Main/Curation ); précédent : 002554; suivant : 002556Gene Synthesis – Enabling Technologies for Synthetic Biology
Auteurs : Michael Liss ; Ralf Wagner [Allemagne]Source :
Abstract
Abstract: Biotechnology has enabled us to render the adaptation of living natural resources from a top-down approach (breeding) to a bottom-up process (designing). Common modern cloning techniques allow for the rearrangement of genetic building blocks, the removal of cross-species boundaries and minor modifications of the DNA sequence itself. The availability of in silico gene optimization and in vitro gene synthesis from synthetic oligonucleotides has ushered a new era by confering independency of natural templates. The fast development of this technology during the last decade has dramatically advanced the availability of this service to a present level that by now outperforms classical cloning techniques in terms of flexibility, speed and costs. The exponential increase of biological sequence database contents and the growing need for genes designed for industrial applications, rather than natural function, further drives this market. The fast-growing demand for synthetic genes is attended by a rapid improvement of techniques to enable their stable and reliable production. Downscaling reaction volumes, massive parallelization and automation are integral parts in this development. With the emerging field of synthetic biology the requirements for gene synthesis expand particularly in terms of synthesis speed and construct size to allow for the construction of pathway operons or even complete viral and bacterial genomes. This challenges the engineering of novel techniques to assemble and manipulate synthetic DNA building blocks to large molecular entities efficiently to provide the necessary tools for tomorrows biotechnology.
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DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6766-4_15
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