Human–Dromedary Camel Interactions and the Risk of Acquiring Zoonotic Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection
Identifieur interne : 000027 ( Istex/Curation ); précédent : 000026; suivant : 000028Human–Dromedary Camel Interactions and the Risk of Acquiring Zoonotic Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection
Auteurs : C. Gossner [Suède, Pays-Bas] ; N. Danielson [Suède] ; A. Gervelmeyer [Italie] ; F. Berthe [Italie] ; B. Faye [France] ; K. Kaasik Aaslav [Suède] ; C. Adlhoch [Suède] ; H. Zeller [Suède] ; P. Penttinen [Suède] ; D. Coulombier [Suède]Source :
- Zoonoses and Public Health [ 1863-1959 ] ; 2016-02.
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) cases without documented contact with another human MERS‐CoV case make up 61% (517/853) of all reported cases. These primary cases are of particular interest for understanding the source(s) and route(s) of transmission and for designing long‐term disease control measures. Dromedary camels are the only animal species for which there is convincing evidence that it is a host species for MERS‐CoV and hence a potential source of human infections. However, only a small proportion of the primary cases have reported contact with camels. Other possible sources and vehicles of infection include food‐borne transmission through consumption of unpasteurized camel milk and raw meat, medicinal use of camel urine and zoonotic transmission from other species. There are critical knowledge gaps around this new disease which can only be closed through traditional field epidemiological investigations and studies designed to test hypothesis regarding sources of infection and risk factors for disease. Since the 1960s, there has been a radical change in dromedary camel farming practices in the Arabian Peninsula with an intensification of the production and a concentration of the production around cities. It is possible that the recent intensification of camel herding in the Arabian Peninsula has increased the virus' reproductive number and attack rate in camel herds while the ‘urbanization’ of camel herding increased the frequency of zoonotic ‘spillover’ infections from camels to humans. It is reasonable to assume, although difficult to measure, that the sensitivity of public health surveillance to detect previously unknown diseases is lower in East Africa than in Saudi Arabia and that sporadic human cases may have gone undetected there.
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DOI: 10.1111/zph.12171
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Gossner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>School of Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>C. Gossner. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Tomtebodavagen 11a, 171 83 Stockholm, Sweden. Tel.: +46 858 60 12 76; Fax: + 46 858 60 10 01; E‐mail:</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: celine.gossner@ecdc.europa.eu</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Danielson, N" sort="Danielson, N" uniqKey="Danielson N" first="N." last="Danielson">N. Danielson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gervelmeyer, A" sort="Gervelmeyer, A" uniqKey="Gervelmeyer A" first="A." last="Gervelmeyer">A. Gervelmeyer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Animal and Plant Health Unit, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal and Plant Health Unit, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berthe, F" sort="Berthe, F" uniqKey="Berthe F" first="F." last="Berthe">F. Berthe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Animal and Plant Health Unit, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal and Plant Health Unit, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faye, B" sort="Faye, B" uniqKey="Faye B" first="B." last="Faye">B. Faye</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>FAO/CIRAD‐ES, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>FAO/CIRAD‐ES, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaasik Aaslav, K" sort="Kaasik Aaslav, K" uniqKey="Kaasik Aaslav K" first="K." last="Kaasik Aaslav">K. Kaasik Aaslav</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adlhoch, C" sort="Adlhoch, C" uniqKey="Adlhoch C" first="C." last="Adlhoch">C. Adlhoch</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zeller, H" sort="Zeller, H" uniqKey="Zeller H" first="H." last="Zeller">H. Zeller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Penttinen, P" sort="Penttinen, P" uniqKey="Penttinen P" first="P." last="Penttinen">P. Penttinen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coulombier, D" sort="Coulombier, D" uniqKey="Coulombier D" first="D." last="Coulombier">D. Coulombier</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Zoonoses and Public Health</title><title level="j" type="alt">ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH</title><idno type="ISSN">1863-1959</idno><idno type="eISSN">1863-2378</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">63</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="9">9</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">9</biblScope><date type="published" when="2016-02">2016-02</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1863-1959</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1863-1959</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) cases without documented contact with another human MERS‐CoV case make up 61% (517/853) of all reported cases. These primary cases are of particular interest for understanding the source(s) and route(s) of transmission and for designing long‐term disease control measures. Dromedary camels are the only animal species for which there is convincing evidence that it is a host species for MERS‐CoV and hence a potential source of human infections. However, only a small proportion of the primary cases have reported contact with camels. Other possible sources and vehicles of infection include food‐borne transmission through consumption of unpasteurized camel milk and raw meat, medicinal use of camel urine and zoonotic transmission from other species. There are critical knowledge gaps around this new disease which can only be closed through traditional field epidemiological investigations and studies designed to test hypothesis regarding sources of infection and risk factors for disease. Since the 1960s, there has been a radical change in dromedary camel farming practices in the Arabian Peninsula with an intensification of the production and a concentration of the production around cities. It is possible that the recent intensification of camel herding in the Arabian Peninsula has increased the virus' reproductive number and attack rate in camel herds while the ‘urbanization’ of camel herding increased the frequency of zoonotic ‘spillover’ infections from camels to humans. It is reasonable to assume, although difficult to measure, that the sensitivity of public health surveillance to detect previously unknown diseases is lower in East Africa than in Saudi Arabia and that sporadic human cases may have gone undetected there.</div></front></TEI></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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