Deciphering Enzyme Function Using Peptide Arrays
Identifieur interne : 002723 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 002722; suivant : 002724Deciphering Enzyme Function Using Peptide Arrays
Auteurs : Alexandra Thiele ; Gabriele I. Stangl ; Mike SchutkowskiSource :
- Molecular Biotechnology [ 1073-6085 ] ; 2011-11-01.
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Abstract
Abstract: Enzymes are key molecules in signal-transduction pathways. However, only a small fraction of more than 500 human kinases, 300 human proteases and 200 human phosphatases is characterised so far. Peptide microarray based technologies for extremely efficient profiling of enzyme substrate specificity emerged in the last years. This technology reduces set-up time for HTS assays and allows the identification of downstream targets. Moreover, peptide microarrays enable optimisation of enzyme substrates. Focus of this review is on assay principles for measuring activities of kinases, phosphatases or proteases and on substrate identification/optimisation for kinases. Additionally, several examples for reliable identification of substrates for lysine methyl-transferases, histone deacetylases and SUMO-transferases are given. Finally, use of high-density peptide microarrays for the simultaneous profiling of kinase activities in complex biological samples like cell lysates or lysates of complete organisms is described. All published examples of peptide arrays used for enzyme profiling are summarised comprehensively.
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DOI: 10.1007/s12033-011-9402-x
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<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Deciphering Enzyme Function Using Peptide Arrays</title><author><name sortKey="Thiele, Alexandra" sort="Thiele, Alexandra" uniqKey="Thiele A" first="Alexandra" last="Thiele">Alexandra Thiele</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Human Nutrition, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Von Danckelmann Platz 2, 06120, Halle, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stangl, Gabriele I" sort="Stangl, Gabriele I" uniqKey="Stangl G" first="Gabriele I." last="Stangl">Gabriele I. Stangl</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Human Nutrition, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Von Danckelmann Platz 2, 06120, Halle, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schutkowski, Mike" sort="Schutkowski, Mike" uniqKey="Schutkowski M" first="Mike" last="Schutkowski">Mike Schutkowski</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Enzymology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3, 06120, Halle, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: mike.schutkowski@biochemtech.uni-halle.de</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:EFC025108BC436FF2A565C737CB65E77D7A3A2C1</idno><date when="2011" year="2011">2011</date><idno type="doi">10.1007/s12033-011-9402-x</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/VQC-0MLKMCWP-S/fulltext.pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">002723</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">002723</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Deciphering Enzyme Function Using Peptide Arrays</title><author><name sortKey="Thiele, Alexandra" sort="Thiele, Alexandra" uniqKey="Thiele A" first="Alexandra" last="Thiele">Alexandra Thiele</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Human Nutrition, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Von Danckelmann Platz 2, 06120, Halle, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stangl, Gabriele I" sort="Stangl, Gabriele I" uniqKey="Stangl G" first="Gabriele I." last="Stangl">Gabriele I. Stangl</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Human Nutrition, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Von Danckelmann Platz 2, 06120, Halle, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schutkowski, Mike" sort="Schutkowski, Mike" uniqKey="Schutkowski M" first="Mike" last="Schutkowski">Mike Schutkowski</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Enzymology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3, 06120, Halle, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: mike.schutkowski@biochemtech.uni-halle.de</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Molecular Biotechnology</title><title level="j" type="sub">Part B of Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Mol Biotechnol</title><idno type="ISSN">1073-6085</idno><idno type="eISSN">1559-0305</idno><imprint><publisher>Humana Press Inc</publisher><pubPlace>New York</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2011-11-01">2011-11-01</date><biblScope unit="volume">49</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="283">283</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="305">305</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1073-6085</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1073-6085</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Kinase</term><term>Kinome profiling</term><term>Peptide microarray</term><term>Phosphatase</term><term>Protease</term><term>SPOT synthesis</term><term>Substrate specificity</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Abstract: Enzymes are key molecules in signal-transduction pathways. However, only a small fraction of more than 500 human kinases, 300 human proteases and 200 human phosphatases is characterised so far. Peptide microarray based technologies for extremely efficient profiling of enzyme substrate specificity emerged in the last years. This technology reduces set-up time for HTS assays and allows the identification of downstream targets. Moreover, peptide microarrays enable optimisation of enzyme substrates. Focus of this review is on assay principles for measuring activities of kinases, phosphatases or proteases and on substrate identification/optimisation for kinases. Additionally, several examples for reliable identification of substrates for lysine methyl-transferases, histone deacetylases and SUMO-transferases are given. Finally, use of high-density peptide microarrays for the simultaneous profiling of kinase activities in complex biological samples like cell lysates or lysates of complete organisms is described. All published examples of peptide arrays used for enzyme profiling are summarised comprehensively.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>springer-journals</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Alexandra Thiele</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Human Nutrition, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Von Danckelmann Platz 2, 06120, Halle, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Gabriele I. Stangl</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Human Nutrition, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Von Danckelmann Platz 2, 06120, Halle, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Mike Schutkowski</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Enzymology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3, 06120, Halle, Germany</json:string><json:string>E-mail: mike.schutkowski@biochemtech.uni-halle.de</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Substrate specificity</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Kinase</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Protease</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Phosphatase</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Peptide microarray</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>SPOT synthesis</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Kinome profiling</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>4Pip : Piperidine-4-carboxylic acid</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Aa : Amino acid</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Ab : Antibody</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Abl : Abelson protein-tyrosine kinase</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Abz : 2-Aminobenzoic acid</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Acc : 4-Aminomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>ACC : 7-Amino-4-carbamoylmethyl coumarin</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>ACEi : Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Akt1 : Protein kinase B isoform 1</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Amb : 4-Aminomethylbenzoic acid</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>ANPK : Androgen receptor interacting nuclear protein kinase</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>AP : Alkaline phosphatase</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>APC : Activated protein C</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Aurora A : Breast tumour-amplified serine/threonine kinase</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Aurora B : Aurora- and IPL1-like midbody-associated protein 1, protein serine/threonine kinase</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Bcl2 : Apoptosis regulator B-cell lymphoma 2</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Bip : ß-(4-Biphenyl)alanine</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>BMK1 : Big mitogen-activated protein kinase 1</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Boc : tert. Butyl-oxy-carbonyl</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>BODIPY : (4,4-Difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene) fluorophore</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>B-Raf : Tyrosine kinase-like kinase of the Raf family</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Bth : ß-(3-Benzothienyl)alanine</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Bz : Benzyl</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>CaMK2 : Calmodulin dependent kinase 2</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Cbz : Benzyl-oxy-carbonyl protecting group</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>C-CAM-L : Large isoform of cell–cell adhesion molecule</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Cdc15 : Cell devision control protein 15, yeast protein kinase</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Cdk2, 5 : Cyclin dependent kinase 2, 5</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>CDPK-1 : Calcium dependent protein kinase</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>cGPKIa : cGMP dependent protein kinase Ia</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Cha : 3-Cyclohexyl-alanine</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Chk1, 2 : DNA damage checkpoint kinases 1 and 2</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>CK1, CK2 : Casein kinase 1, 2</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>CMV : Cytomegalovirus</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>c-Raf : Tyrosine kinase-like kinase of the Raf family</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>c-Src : Sarcoma (Schmidt-Ruppin A-2) viral oncogene homologue protein tyrosin kinase</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Cy3 : 3H-indolium, 2-[3-[1-[6-[(2,5-dioxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)oxy]-6-oxohexyl]-1,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfo-2H-indol-2-ylidene]-1-propen-1-yl]-1-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfo-, inner salt</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Cy5 : 3H-indolium, 2-[5-[1-[6-[(2,5-dioxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)oxy]-6-oxohexyl]-1,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfo-2H-indol-2-ylidene]-1,3-pentadien-1-yl]-1-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfo-, inner salt</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>DABCYL : 4-(Dimethylaminoazo)benzene-4-carboxylic acid</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>DANSyl : Dimethylamino-naphthalen-sulphonic acid</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Dap(Dnp) : 2-Amino,3-(2′,4′-Dinitrophenylamino)-propionic acid</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>DAPK : Death-associated protein kinase</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Dbf1-Mob1 : Budding yeast protein kinase Dbf1 in complex with activator (Mps one binder 1)</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Dbg : α,α-Dibutyl glycine</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>DegP : Degradation protein, serine protease HtrA</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>DEX : Dexamethasone</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Dok6 : Docking protein 6</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>DYRK1A, 2, 4 : Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase isoform 1A, 2 and 4</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>EGFR : Epidermal growth factor receptor kinase</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Elk1 : Ets like gene 1</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>EphA4 : Ephrin receptor tyrosine kinase isoform 4a</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>EphB2 : Ephrin receptor tyrosine kinase isoform B2</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Erk1, Erk2 : Extracellular signal regulated kinases isoforms 1 and 2</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Fes : Feline sarcoma (Snyder-Theilen) oncogene, protein-tyrosine kinase</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>FGFR-1 : Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>FITC : Fluorescein-thiocarbamoyl</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Flt3 : Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>FRET : Forster resonance energy transfer</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Fyn : Protein-tyrosine kinase of the Src family</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>GluR1 : AMPAR glutamate receptor 1</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Gsk3ß : Glycogen synthase kinase 3ß</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>H3, 4 : Histone 3 and 4</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>HD1, 2 : Histone deacetylase complexes 1 and 2 from P. sativum</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Her2 : Herstatin isoform 2</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>proto : Oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase of the EGFR family</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>hK2 : Glandular kallikrein 2</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>HRP : Horseradish peroxidase</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>InsR : Insulin receptor kinase</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>IR : Insulin receptor tyrosine kinase</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Jak1 and 2 : Janus protein-tyrosine kinases 1 and 2</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>JNK1and 3 : c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases 1 and 3</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>KAc : Side chain acetylated lysine</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>KDR : Kinase insert domain receptor</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>KDRI : Kinase insert domain receptor inhibitor</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Kit : Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homologue, receptor tyrosine kinase</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>KPI-2 : Kinase/phosphatase/inhibitor 2</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Lck : Lymphocyte cell-specific protein-tyrosine kinase</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>LMWPTP : Low molecular weight protein-tyrosine phosphatase</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>LPS : Lipopolysaccharid</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Lyn : Protein-tyrosine kinase of the Src family</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>MAF : Mouse adult fibroblast</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>MALDI-TOF/MS : Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation—time of flight/mass spectrometry</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>MAP3K8 : Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 K8</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>MAPKAPK-2 : MAP kinase activated protein kinase-2</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>MCA : 7-Methoxycoumarin-4-yl)acetyl</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>MeAla : N-methyl-alanine</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>MEK1 : MAP, Erk kinase 1</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>MELK : Maternal leucine zipper kinase</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>MePhe : N-methyl-phenylalanine</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Met : Hepatocyte growth factor receptor, protein tyrosin kinase</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>MK2 : Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>m LCEC : Mouse lung capillary endothel cells</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>MPK1, 2, 3, 6 : Mitogen-activated protein kinases, isoforms 1,2,3, and 6</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Nal : Naphthyl-alanine</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>NEK6 : Never in mitosis gene A related kinase 6</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>NGF : Nerve growth factor</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Nle : Norleucine</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>p70S6 : Ribosomal protein S6 kinase</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>PABP1 : Poly(A)-binding protein 1</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>PapA : Fimbrial major pilin protein A</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>PBMC : Peripheral blood mononuclear cell</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>PDE4B2, C2, A4, D5 : Isoform B2, C2, A4 and D5 of phosphodiesterase 4</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>PDGFRß : Platelet-derived growth factor receptor kinase ß</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>PDGRF I-1 : Platelet-derived growth factor receptor inhibitor 1</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>PDK1 : 3-Phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Pia : 4-Piperidinylacetic acid</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Pim1 : Proviral integration site 1 kinase</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Pin1 : Peptidyl-prolyl-cis/trans-isomerase Pin1, protein interacting with NIMA 1</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Pip : l-piperidine-2-carboxylic acid, pipecolic acid</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>PKA : Protein kinase A, cAMP-dependent protein kinase</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>PKCζ, PKCα, PKCδ : Protein kinase C isoforms</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>PKG : Protein kinase G</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>PKI : Protein kinase inhibitor</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>PknB : Receptor-like protein kinase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Plk1, Plk3, Plk4 : Polo like kinase isoforms 1,3 and 4</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>PNA : Peptide nucleic acid</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>POD : Peroxidase</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>PP1, PP2, PP3, PP2A, PP2B : Protein phosphatase class 1,2,3, 2A and 2B</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>ppGalNACT : UDP-N-acetyl-ß-d-galactosamin:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase family</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>pSer : Phospho-serine</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>pThr : Phospho-threonine</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>PTPμ : Protein-tyrosine phosphatase μ</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>PTP1B : Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>pTyr : Phospho-tyrosine</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>PVDF : Poly(vinylidene difluoride)</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Pyk2 : Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>QSY : Xanthylium, 9-[2-[[4-[carboxyl]-1-piperidinyl]sulfonyl]phenyl]-3,6-bis(methylphenylamino)-, chloride</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Rock2 : Rho-associated kinase isoform 2</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Rsk2 : Ribosomal S6 kinase isoform 2</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>SAMDI : Self-assembled monolayers for matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation mass spectrometry</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>sec. ab : Secondary antibody</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>SGK1 : Serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase isoform 2</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>SHP1 and SHP2 : SH2 domain containing phosphatase 1 and 2</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>SIR2 : Silent information regulator 2</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>SMRT : Silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>SNAP25 : Synaptosomal-associated protein 25</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>SPR : Surface plasmon resonance</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>SRPK4 : SR protein kinase isoform 4</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>ß-Ala : 3-Aminopropionic acid</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>ß-Gal : ß-Galactosidase</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>SSRP1 : Structure-specific recognition protein 1</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>STAT5 : Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Suc : Succinyl</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>TBB : 4,5,6,7-Tetrabromobenzotriazole</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>TBK1 : TANK-binding kinase isoform 1</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>tBuGly : α-tert. Butyl-glycine</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>tBuPhe : 4-tert. Butyl-phenylalanine</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>TCPTP : T-cell protein-tyrosine phosphatase</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Thi : ß-(2-Thienyl)-alanine</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Thz : R-4-thiazolidine-carboxylic acid</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Tic : 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-isochinoline-3-carboxylic acid</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Tie2 : Tunica interna endothelial cell kinase 2</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Tpk1 : Tyrosine protein kinase 1</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>TrβI and TRβII : Transforming growth factor β receptor tyrosine kinases I and II</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>TSSK3 : Testis specific serine/threonine kinase 3</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>uPA : Urinary plasminogen activator</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>VEGFR2 : Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor kinase 2</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Wt : Wildtype</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Yes : Yamaguchi sarcoma viral oncoge, protein-tyrosine kinase</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Z : Benzyl-oxy-carbonyl</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>9402</json:string><json:string>s12033-011-9402-x</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/VQC-0MLKMCWP-S</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>ReviewPaper</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Abstract: Enzymes are key molecules in signal-transduction pathways. However, only a small fraction of more than 500 human kinases, 300 human proteases and 200 human phosphatases is characterised so far. Peptide microarray based technologies for extremely efficient profiling of enzyme substrate specificity emerged in the last years. This technology reduces set-up time for HTS assays and allows the identification of downstream targets. Moreover, peptide microarrays enable optimisation of enzyme substrates. Focus of this review is on assay principles for measuring activities of kinases, phosphatases or proteases and on substrate identification/optimisation for kinases. Additionally, several examples for reliable identification of substrates for lysine methyl-transferases, histone deacetylases and SUMO-transferases are given. Finally, use of high-density peptide microarrays for the simultaneous profiling of kinase activities in complex biological samples like cell lysates or lysates of complete organisms is described. All published examples of peptide arrays used for enzyme profiling are summarised comprehensively.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8.788</score><pdfWordCount>13727</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>98610</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.4</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>23</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>595.276 x 790.866 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>false</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>149</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>1129</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>167</keywordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Deciphering Enzyme Function Using Peptide Arrays</title><genre><json:string>review-article</json:string></genre><host><title>Molecular Biotechnology</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><publicationDate>2011</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2011</copyrightDate><issn><json:string>1073-6085</json:string></issn><eissn><json:string>1559-0305</json:string></eissn><journalId><json:string>12033</json:string></journalId><volume>49</volume><issue>3</issue><pages><first>283</first><last>305</last></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><subject><json:item><value>Biological Techniques</value></json:item><json:item><value>Protein Science</value></json:item><json:item><value>Human Genetics</value></json:item><json:item><value>Cell Biology</value></json:item><json:item><value>Biochemistry, general</value></json:item><json:item><value>Biotechnology</value></json:item></subject></host><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/VQC-0MLKMCWP-S</json:string></ark><publicationDate>2011</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2011</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1007/s12033-011-9402-x</json:string></doi><id>EFC025108BC436FF2A565C737CB65E77D7A3A2C1</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/VQC-0MLKMCWP-S/fulltext.pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/VQC-0MLKMCWP-S/bundle.zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/VQC-0MLKMCWP-S/fulltext.tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Deciphering Enzyme Function Using Peptide Arrays</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher scheme="https://scientific-publisher.data.istex.fr">Humana Press Inc</publisher><pubPlace>New York</pubPlace><availability><licence><p>Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2011</p></licence><p scheme="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-3XSW68JL-F">springer</p></availability><date>2011</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="review-article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-L5L7X3NF-P">review-article</note><note type="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note><note>Review</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Deciphering Enzyme Function Using Peptide Arrays</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">Alexandra</forename><surname>Thiele</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Human Nutrition, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Von Danckelmann Platz 2, 06120, Halle, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Gabriele</forename><surname>Stangl</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Human Nutrition, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Von Danckelmann Platz 2, 06120, Halle, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002" corresp="yes"><persName><forename type="first">Mike</forename><surname>Schutkowski</surname></persName><email>mike.schutkowski@biochemtech.uni-halle.de</email><affiliation>Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Enzymology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3, 06120, Halle, Germany</affiliation></author><idno type="istex">EFC025108BC436FF2A565C737CB65E77D7A3A2C1</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/VQC-0MLKMCWP-S</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1007/s12033-011-9402-x</idno><idno type="article-id">9402</idno><idno type="article-id">s12033-011-9402-x</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Molecular Biotechnology</title><title level="j" type="sub">Part B of Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Mol Biotechnol</title><idno type="pISSN">1073-6085</idno><idno type="eISSN">1559-0305</idno><idno type="journal-ID">true</idno><idno type="issue-article-count">10</idno><idno type="volume-issue-count">3</idno><imprint><publisher>Humana Press Inc</publisher><pubPlace>New York</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2011-11-01"></date><biblScope unit="volume">49</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="283">283</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="305">305</biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2011</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Abstract: Enzymes are key molecules in signal-transduction pathways. However, only a small fraction of more than 500 human kinases, 300 human proteases and 200 human phosphatases is characterised so far. Peptide microarray based technologies for extremely efficient profiling of enzyme substrate specificity emerged in the last years. This technology reduces set-up time for HTS assays and allows the identification of downstream targets. Moreover, peptide microarrays enable optimisation of enzyme substrates. Focus of this review is on assay principles for measuring activities of kinases, phosphatases or proteases and on substrate identification/optimisation for kinases. Additionally, several examples for reliable identification of substrates for lysine methyl-transferases, histone deacetylases and SUMO-transferases are given. Finally, use of high-density peptide microarrays for the simultaneous profiling of kinase activities in complex biological samples like cell lysates or lysates of complete organisms is described. All published examples of peptide arrays used for enzyme profiling are summarised comprehensively.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>Substrate specificity</term></item><item><term>Kinase</term></item><item><term>Protease</term></item><item><term>Phosphatase</term></item><item><term>Peptide microarray</term></item><item><term>SPOT synthesis</term></item><item><term>Kinome profiling</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Abbreviations</head><item><term>4Pip</term><term>Piperidine-4-carboxylic acid</term></item><item><term>Aa</term><term>Amino acid</term></item><item><term>Ab</term><term>Antibody</term></item><item><term>Abl</term><term>Abelson protein-tyrosine kinase</term></item><item><term>Abz</term><term>2-Aminobenzoic acid</term></item><item><term>Acc</term><term>4-Aminomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid</term></item><item><term>ACC</term><term>7-Amino-4-carbamoylmethyl coumarin</term></item><item><term>ACEi</term><term>Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor</term></item><item><term>Akt1</term><term>Protein kinase B isoform 1</term></item><item><term>Amb</term><term>4-Aminomethylbenzoic acid</term></item><item><term>ANPK</term><term>Androgen receptor interacting nuclear protein kinase</term></item><item><term>AP</term><term>Alkaline phosphatase</term></item><item><term>APC</term><term>Activated protein C</term></item><item><term>Aurora A</term><term>Breast tumour-amplified serine/threonine kinase</term></item><item><term>Aurora B</term><term>Aurora- and IPL1-like midbody-associated protein 1, protein serine/threonine kinase</term></item><item><term>Bcl2</term><term>Apoptosis regulator B-cell lymphoma 2</term></item><item><term>Bip</term><term>ß-(4-Biphenyl)alanine</term></item><item><term>BMK1</term><term>Big mitogen-activated protein kinase 1</term></item><item><term>Boc</term><term>tert. Butyl-oxy-carbonyl</term></item><item><term>BODIPY</term><term>(4,4-Difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene) fluorophore</term></item><item><term>B-Raf</term><term>Tyrosine kinase-like kinase of the Raf family</term></item><item><term>Bth</term><term>ß-(3-Benzothienyl)alanine</term></item><item><term>Bz</term><term>Benzyl</term></item><item><term>CaMK2</term><term>Calmodulin dependent kinase 2</term></item><item><term>Cbz</term><term>Benzyl-oxy-carbonyl protecting group</term></item><item><term>C-CAM-L</term><term>Large isoform of cell–cell adhesion molecule</term></item><item><term>Cdc15</term><term>Cell devision control protein 15, yeast protein kinase</term></item><item><term>Cdk2, 5</term><term>Cyclin dependent kinase 2, 5</term></item><item><term>CDPK-1</term><term>Calcium dependent protein kinase</term></item><item><term>cGPKIa</term><term>cGMP dependent protein kinase Ia</term></item><item><term>Cha</term><term>3-Cyclohexyl-alanine</term></item><item><term>Chk1, 2</term><term>DNA damage checkpoint kinases 1 and 2</term></item><item><term>CK1, CK2</term><term>Casein kinase 1, 2</term></item><item><term>CMV</term><term>Cytomegalovirus</term></item><item><term>c-Raf</term><term>Tyrosine kinase-like kinase of the Raf family</term></item><item><term>c-Src</term><term>Sarcoma (Schmidt-Ruppin A-2) viral oncogene homologue protein tyrosin kinase</term></item><item><term>Cy3</term><term>3H-indolium, 2-[3-[1-[6-[(2,5-dioxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)oxy]-6-oxohexyl]-1,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfo-2H-indol-2-ylidene]-1-propen-1-yl]-1-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfo-, inner salt</term></item><item><term>Cy5</term><term>3H-indolium, 2-[5-[1-[6-[(2,5-dioxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)oxy]-6-oxohexyl]-1,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfo-2H-indol-2-ylidene]-1,3-pentadien-1-yl]-1-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfo-, inner salt</term></item><item><term>DABCYL</term><term>4-(Dimethylaminoazo)benzene-4-carboxylic acid</term></item><item><term>DANSyl</term><term>Dimethylamino-naphthalen-sulphonic acid</term></item><item><term>Dap(Dnp)</term><term>2-Amino,3-(2′,4′-Dinitrophenylamino)-propionic acid</term></item><item><term>DAPK</term><term>Death-associated protein kinase</term></item><item><term>Dbf1-Mob1</term><term>Budding yeast protein kinase Dbf1 in complex with activator (Mps one binder 1)</term></item><item><term>Dbg</term><term>α,α-Dibutyl glycine</term></item><item><term>DegP</term><term>Degradation protein, serine protease HtrA</term></item><item><term>DEX</term><term>Dexamethasone</term></item><item><term>Dok6</term><term>Docking protein 6</term></item><item><term>DYRK1A, 2, 4</term><term>Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase isoform 1A, 2 and 4</term></item><item><term>EGFR</term><term>Epidermal growth factor receptor kinase</term></item><item><term>Elk1</term><term>Ets like gene 1</term></item><item><term>EphA4</term><term>Ephrin receptor tyrosine kinase isoform 4a</term></item><item><term>EphB2</term><term>Ephrin receptor tyrosine kinase isoform B2</term></item><item><term>Erk1, Erk2</term><term>Extracellular signal regulated kinases isoforms 1 and 2</term></item><item><term>Fes</term><term>Feline sarcoma (Snyder-Theilen) oncogene, protein-tyrosine kinase</term></item><item><term>FGFR-1</term><term>Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1</term></item><item><term>FITC</term><term>Fluorescein-thiocarbamoyl</term></item><item><term>Flt3</term><term>Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3</term></item><item><term>FRET</term><term>Forster resonance energy transfer</term></item><item><term>Fyn</term><term>Protein-tyrosine kinase of the Src family</term></item><item><term>GluR1</term><term>AMPAR glutamate receptor 1</term></item><item><term>Gsk3ß</term><term>Glycogen synthase kinase 3ß</term></item><item><term>H3, 4</term><term>Histone 3 and 4</term></item><item><term>HD1, 2</term><term>Histone deacetylase complexes 1 and 2 from P. sativum</term></item><item><term>Her2</term><term>Herstatin isoform 2</term></item><item><term>proto</term><term>Oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase of the EGFR family</term></item><item><term>hK2</term><term>Glandular kallikrein 2</term></item><item><term>HRP</term><term>Horseradish peroxidase</term></item><item><term>InsR</term><term>Insulin receptor kinase</term></item><item><term>IR</term><term>Insulin receptor tyrosine kinase</term></item><item><term>Jak1 and 2</term><term>Janus protein-tyrosine kinases 1 and 2</term></item><item><term>JNK1and 3</term><term>c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases 1 and 3</term></item><item><term>KAc</term><term>Side chain acetylated lysine</term></item><item><term>KDR</term><term>Kinase insert domain receptor</term></item><item><term>KDRI</term><term>Kinase insert domain receptor inhibitor</term></item><item><term>Kit</term><term>Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homologue, receptor tyrosine kinase</term></item><item><term>KPI-2</term><term>Kinase/phosphatase/inhibitor 2</term></item><item><term>Lck</term><term>Lymphocyte cell-specific protein-tyrosine kinase</term></item><item><term>LMWPTP</term><term>Low molecular weight protein-tyrosine phosphatase</term></item><item><term>LPS</term><term>Lipopolysaccharid</term></item><item><term>Lyn</term><term>Protein-tyrosine kinase of the Src family</term></item><item><term>MAF</term><term>Mouse adult fibroblast</term></item><item><term>MALDI-TOF/MS</term><term>Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation—time of flight/mass spectrometry</term></item><item><term>MAP3K8</term><term>Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 K8</term></item><item><term>MAPKAPK-2</term><term>MAP kinase activated protein kinase-2</term></item><item><term>MCA</term><term>7-Methoxycoumarin-4-yl)acetyl</term></item><item><term>MeAla</term><term>N-methyl-alanine</term></item><item><term>MEK1</term><term>MAP, Erk kinase 1</term></item><item><term>MELK</term><term>Maternal leucine zipper kinase</term></item><item><term>MePhe</term><term>N-methyl-phenylalanine</term></item><item><term>Met</term><term>Hepatocyte growth factor receptor, protein tyrosin kinase</term></item><item><term>MK2</term><term>Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2</term></item><item><term>m LCEC</term><term>Mouse lung capillary endothel cells</term></item><item><term>MPK1, 2, 3, 6</term><term>Mitogen-activated protein kinases, isoforms 1,2,3, and 6</term></item><item><term>Nal</term><term>Naphthyl-alanine</term></item><item><term>NEK6</term><term>Never in mitosis gene A related kinase 6</term></item><item><term>NGF</term><term>Nerve growth factor</term></item><item><term>Nle</term><term>Norleucine</term></item><item><term>p70S6</term><term>Ribosomal protein S6 kinase</term></item><item><term>PABP1</term><term>Poly(A)-binding protein 1</term></item><item><term>PapA</term><term>Fimbrial major pilin protein A</term></item><item><term>PBMC</term><term>Peripheral blood mononuclear cell</term></item><item><term>PDE4B2, C2, A4, D5</term><term>Isoform B2, C2, A4 and D5 of phosphodiesterase 4</term></item><item><term>PDGFRß</term><term>Platelet-derived growth factor receptor kinase ß</term></item><item><term>PDGRF I-1</term><term>Platelet-derived growth factor receptor inhibitor 1</term></item><item><term>PDK1</term><term>3-Phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1</term></item><item><term>Pia</term><term>4-Piperidinylacetic acid</term></item><item><term>Pim1</term><term>Proviral integration site 1 kinase</term></item><item><term>Pin1</term><term>Peptidyl-prolyl-cis/trans-isomerase Pin1, protein interacting with NIMA 1</term></item><item><term>Pip</term><term>l-piperidine-2-carboxylic acid, pipecolic acid</term></item><item><term>PKA</term><term>Protein kinase A, cAMP-dependent protein kinase</term></item><item><term>PKCζ, PKCα, PKCδ</term><term>Protein kinase C isoforms</term></item><item><term>PKG</term><term>Protein kinase G</term></item><item><term>PKI</term><term>Protein kinase inhibitor</term></item><item><term>PknB</term><term>Receptor-like protein kinase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis</term></item><item><term>Plk1, Plk3, Plk4</term><term>Polo like kinase isoforms 1,3 and 4</term></item><item><term>PNA</term><term>Peptide nucleic acid</term></item><item><term>POD</term><term>Peroxidase</term></item><item><term>PP1, PP2, PP3, PP2A, PP2B</term><term>Protein phosphatase class 1,2,3, 2A and 2B</term></item><item><term>ppGalNACT</term><term>UDP-N-acetyl-ß-d-galactosamin:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase family</term></item><item><term>pSer</term><term>Phospho-serine</term></item><item><term>pThr</term><term>Phospho-threonine</term></item><item><term>PTPμ</term><term>Protein-tyrosine phosphatase μ</term></item><item><term>PTP1B</term><term>Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B</term></item><item><term>pTyr</term><term>Phospho-tyrosine</term></item><item><term>PVDF</term><term>Poly(vinylidene difluoride)</term></item><item><term>Pyk2</term><term>Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2</term></item><item><term>QSY</term><term>Xanthylium, 9-[2-[[4-[carboxyl]-1-piperidinyl]sulfonyl]phenyl]-3,6-bis(methylphenylamino)-, chloride</term></item><item><term>Rock2</term><term>Rho-associated kinase isoform 2</term></item><item><term>Rsk2</term><term>Ribosomal S6 kinase isoform 2</term></item><item><term>SAMDI</term><term>Self-assembled monolayers for matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation mass spectrometry</term></item><item><term>sec. ab</term><term>Secondary antibody</term></item><item><term>SGK1</term><term>Serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase isoform 2</term></item><item><term>SHP1 and SHP2</term><term>SH2 domain containing phosphatase 1 and 2</term></item><item><term>SIR2</term><term>Silent information regulator 2</term></item><item><term>SMRT</term><term>Silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor</term></item><item><term>SNAP25</term><term>Synaptosomal-associated protein 25</term></item><item><term>SPR</term><term>Surface plasmon resonance</term></item><item><term>SRPK4</term><term>SR protein kinase isoform 4</term></item><item><term>ß-Ala</term><term>3-Aminopropionic acid</term></item><item><term>ß-Gal</term><term>ß-Galactosidase</term></item><item><term>SSRP1</term><term>Structure-specific recognition protein 1</term></item><item><term>STAT5</term><term>Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5</term></item><item><term>Suc</term><term>Succinyl</term></item><item><term>TBB</term><term>4,5,6,7-Tetrabromobenzotriazole</term></item><item><term>TBK1</term><term>TANK-binding kinase isoform 1</term></item><item><term>tBuGly</term><term>α-tert. Butyl-glycine</term></item><item><term>tBuPhe</term><term>4-tert. Butyl-phenylalanine</term></item><item><term>TCPTP</term><term>T-cell protein-tyrosine phosphatase</term></item><item><term>Thi</term><term>ß-(2-Thienyl)-alanine</term></item><item><term>Thz</term><term>R-4-thiazolidine-carboxylic acid</term></item><item><term>Tic</term><term>1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-isochinoline-3-carboxylic acid</term></item><item><term>Tie2</term><term>Tunica interna endothelial cell kinase 2</term></item><item><term>Tpk1</term><term>Tyrosine protein kinase 1</term></item><item><term>TrβI and TRβII</term><term>Transforming growth factor β receptor tyrosine kinases I and II</term></item><item><term>TSSK3</term><term>Testis specific serine/threonine kinase 3</term></item><item><term>uPA</term><term>Urinary plasminogen activator</term></item><item><term>VEGFR2</term><term>Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor kinase 2</term></item><item><term>Wt</term><term>Wildtype</term></item><item><term>Yes</term><term>Yamaguchi sarcoma viral oncoge, protein-tyrosine kinase</term></item><item><term>Z</term><term>Benzyl-oxy-carbonyl</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>Chemistry</head><item><term>Biological Techniques</term></item><item><term>Protein Science</term></item><item><term>Human Genetics</term></item><item><term>Cell Biology</term></item><item><term>Biochemistry, general</term></item><item><term>Biotechnology</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2011-11-01">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/VQC-0MLKMCWP-S/fulltext.txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus springer-journals not found" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//Springer-Verlag//DTD A++ V2.4//EN" URI="http://devel.springer.de/A++/V2.4/DTD/A++V2.4.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><Publisher><PublisherInfo><PublisherName>Humana Press Inc</PublisherName><PublisherLocation>New York</PublisherLocation></PublisherInfo><Journal OutputMedium="All"><JournalInfo JournalProductType="NonStandardArchiveJournal" NumberingStyle="Unnumbered"><JournalID>12033</JournalID><JournalPrintISSN>1073-6085</JournalPrintISSN><JournalElectronicISSN>1559-0305</JournalElectronicISSN><JournalTitle>Molecular Biotechnology</JournalTitle><JournalSubTitle>Part B of Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology</JournalSubTitle><JournalAbbreviatedTitle>Mol Biotechnol</JournalAbbreviatedTitle><JournalSubjectGroup><JournalSubject Type="Primary">Chemistry</JournalSubject><JournalSubject Type="Secondary">Biological Techniques</JournalSubject><JournalSubject Type="Secondary">Protein Science</JournalSubject><JournalSubject Type="Secondary">Human Genetics</JournalSubject><JournalSubject Type="Secondary">Cell Biology</JournalSubject><JournalSubject Type="Secondary">Biochemistry, general</JournalSubject><JournalSubject Type="Secondary">Biotechnology</JournalSubject></JournalSubjectGroup></JournalInfo><Volume OutputMedium="All"><VolumeInfo TocLevels="0" VolumeType="Regular"><VolumeIDStart>49</VolumeIDStart><VolumeIDEnd>49</VolumeIDEnd><VolumeIssueCount>3</VolumeIssueCount></VolumeInfo><Issue IssueType="Regular" OutputMedium="All"><IssueInfo IssueType="Regular" TocLevels="0"><IssueIDStart>3</IssueIDStart><IssueIDEnd>3</IssueIDEnd><IssueArticleCount>10</IssueArticleCount><IssueHistory><OnlineDate><Year>2011</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>30</Day></OnlineDate><PrintDate><Year>2011</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>29</Day></PrintDate><CoverDate><Year>2011</Year><Month>11</Month></CoverDate><PricelistYear>2011</PricelistYear></IssueHistory><IssueCopyright><CopyrightHolderName>Springer Science+Business Media, LLC</CopyrightHolderName><CopyrightYear>2011</CopyrightYear></IssueCopyright></IssueInfo><Article ID="s12033-011-9402-x" OutputMedium="All"><ArticleInfo ArticleType="ReviewPaper" ContainsESM="Yes" Language="En" NumberingStyle="Unnumbered" TocLevels="0"><ArticleID>9402</ArticleID><ArticleDOI>10.1007/s12033-011-9402-x</ArticleDOI><ArticleCitationID>283</ArticleCitationID><ArticleSequenceNumber>10</ArticleSequenceNumber><ArticleTitle Language="En" OutputMedium="All">Deciphering Enzyme Function Using Peptide Arrays</ArticleTitle><ArticleCategory>Review</ArticleCategory><ArticleFirstPage>283</ArticleFirstPage><ArticleLastPage>305</ArticleLastPage><ArticleHistory><RegistrationDate><Year>2011</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>29</Day></RegistrationDate><OnlineDate><Year>2011</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>22</Day></OnlineDate></ArticleHistory><ArticleCopyright><CopyrightHolderName>Springer Science+Business Media, LLC</CopyrightHolderName><CopyrightYear>2011</CopyrightYear></ArticleCopyright><ArticleGrants Type="Regular"><MetadataGrant Grant="OpenAccess"></MetadataGrant><AbstractGrant Grant="OpenAccess"></AbstractGrant><BodyPDFGrant Grant="Restricted"></BodyPDFGrant><BodyHTMLGrant Grant="Restricted"></BodyHTMLGrant><BibliographyGrant Grant="Restricted"></BibliographyGrant><ESMGrant Grant="Restricted"></ESMGrant></ArticleGrants></ArticleInfo><ArticleHeader><AuthorGroup><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff1"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Alexandra</GivenName><FamilyName>Thiele</FamilyName></AuthorName></Author><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff1"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Gabriele</GivenName><GivenName>I.</GivenName><FamilyName>Stangl</FamilyName></AuthorName></Author><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff2" CorrespondingAffiliationID="Aff2"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Mike</GivenName><FamilyName>Schutkowski</FamilyName></AuthorName><Contact><Phone>+49-345-55-24828</Phone><Fax>+49-345-55-27014</Fax><Email>mike.schutkowski@biochemtech.uni-halle.de</Email></Contact></Author><Affiliation ID="Aff1"><OrgDivision>Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Human Nutrition</OrgDivision><OrgName>Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg</OrgName><OrgAddress><Street>Von Danckelmann Platz 2</Street><Postcode>06120</Postcode><City>Halle</City><Country Code="DE">Germany</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff2"><OrgDivision>Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Enzymology</OrgDivision><OrgName>Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg</OrgName><OrgAddress><Street>Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3</Street><Postcode>06120</Postcode><City>Halle</City><Country Code="DE">Germany</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation></AuthorGroup><Abstract ID="Abs1" Language="En" OutputMedium="All"><Heading>Abstract</Heading><Para TextBreak="No">Enzymes are key molecules in signal-transduction pathways. However, only a small fraction of more than 500 human kinases, 300 human proteases and 200 human phosphatases is characterised so far. Peptide microarray based technologies for extremely efficient profiling of enzyme substrate specificity emerged in the last years. This technology reduces set-up time for HTS assays and allows the identification of downstream targets. Moreover, peptide microarrays enable optimisation of enzyme substrates. Focus of this review is on assay principles for measuring activities of kinases, phosphatases or proteases and on substrate identification/optimisation for kinases. Additionally, several examples for reliable identification of substrates for lysine methyl-transferases, histone deacetylases and SUMO-transferases are given. Finally, use of high-density peptide microarrays for the simultaneous profiling of kinase activities in complex biological samples like cell lysates or lysates of complete organisms is described. All published examples of peptide arrays used for enzyme profiling are summarised comprehensively.</Para></Abstract><KeywordGroup Language="En" OutputMedium="All"><Heading>Keywords</Heading><Keyword>Substrate specificity</Keyword><Keyword>Kinase</Keyword><Keyword>Protease</Keyword><Keyword>Phosphatase</Keyword><Keyword>Peptide microarray</Keyword><Keyword>SPOT synthesis</Keyword><Keyword>Kinome profiling</Keyword></KeywordGroup><AbbreviationGroup><Heading>Abbreviations</Heading><DefinitionList><DefinitionListEntry><Term>4Pip</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Piperidine-4-carboxylic acid</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Aa</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Amino acid</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Ab</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Antibody</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Abl</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Abelson protein-tyrosine kinase</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Abz</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">2-Aminobenzoic acid</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Acc</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">4-Aminomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>ACC</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">7-Amino-4-carbamoylmethyl coumarin</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>ACEi</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Akt1</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Protein kinase B isoform 1</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Amb</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">4-Aminomethylbenzoic acid</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>ANPK</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Androgen receptor interacting nuclear protein kinase</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>AP</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Alkaline phosphatase</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>APC</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Activated protein C</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Aurora A</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Breast tumour-amplified serine/threonine kinase</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Aurora B</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Aurora- and IPL1-like midbody-associated protein 1, protein serine/threonine kinase</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Bcl2</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Apoptosis regulator B-cell lymphoma 2</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Bip</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">ß-(4-Biphenyl)alanine</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>BMK1</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Big mitogen-activated protein kinase 1</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Boc</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">tert. Butyl-oxy-carbonyl</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>BODIPY</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">(4,4-Difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene) fluorophore</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>B-Raf</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Tyrosine kinase-like kinase of the Raf family</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Bth</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">ß-(3-Benzothienyl)alanine</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Bz</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Benzyl</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>CaMK2</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Calmodulin dependent kinase 2</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Cbz</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Benzyl-oxy-carbonyl protecting group</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>C-CAM-L</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Large isoform of cell–cell adhesion molecule</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Cdc15</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Cell devision control protein 15, yeast protein kinase</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Cdk2, 5</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Cyclin dependent kinase 2, 5</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>CDPK-1</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Calcium dependent protein kinase</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>cGPKIa</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">cGMP dependent protein kinase Ia</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Cha</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">3-Cyclohexyl-alanine</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Chk1, 2</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">DNA damage checkpoint kinases 1 and 2</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>CK1, CK2</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Casein kinase 1, 2</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>CMV</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Cytomegalovirus</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>c-Raf</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Tyrosine kinase-like kinase of the Raf family</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>c-Src</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Sarcoma (Schmidt-Ruppin A-2) viral oncogene homologue protein tyrosin kinase</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Cy3</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">3H-indolium, 2-[3-[1-[6-[(2,5-dioxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)oxy]-6-oxohexyl]-1,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfo-2H-indol-2-ylidene]-1-propen-1-yl]-1-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfo-, inner salt</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Cy5</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">3H-indolium, 2-[5-[1-[6-[(2,5-dioxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)oxy]-6-oxohexyl]-1,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfo-2H-indol-2-ylidene]-1,3-pentadien-1-yl]-1-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfo-, inner salt</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>DABCYL</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">4-(Dimethylaminoazo)benzene-4-carboxylic acid</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>DANSyl</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Dimethylamino-naphthalen-sulphonic acid</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Dap(Dnp)</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">2-Amino,3-(2′,4′-Dinitrophenylamino)-propionic acid</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>DAPK</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Death-associated protein kinase</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Dbf1-Mob1</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Budding yeast protein kinase Dbf1 in complex with activator (Mps one binder 1)</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Dbg</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">α,α-Dibutyl glycine</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>DegP</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Degradation protein, serine protease HtrA</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>DEX</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Dexamethasone</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Dok6</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Docking protein 6</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>DYRK1A, 2, 4</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase isoform 1A, 2 and 4</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>EGFR</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Epidermal growth factor receptor kinase</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Elk1</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Ets like gene 1</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>EphA4</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Ephrin receptor tyrosine kinase isoform 4a</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>EphB2</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Ephrin receptor tyrosine kinase isoform B2</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Erk1, Erk2</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Extracellular signal regulated kinases isoforms 1 and 2</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Fes</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Feline sarcoma (Snyder-Theilen) oncogene, protein-tyrosine kinase</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>FGFR-1</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>FITC</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Fluorescein-thiocarbamoyl</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Flt3</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>FRET</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Forster resonance energy transfer</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Fyn</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Protein-tyrosine kinase of the Src family</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>GluR1</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">AMPAR glutamate receptor 1</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Gsk3ß</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Glycogen synthase kinase 3ß</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>H3, 4</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Histone 3 and 4</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>HD1, 2</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Histone deacetylase complexes 1 and 2 from <Emphasis Type="Italic">P. sativum</Emphasis></Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Her2</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Herstatin isoform 2</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>proto</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase of the EGFR family</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>hK2</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Glandular kallikrein 2</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>HRP</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Horseradish peroxidase</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>InsR</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Insulin receptor kinase</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>IR</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Insulin receptor tyrosine kinase</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Jak1 and 2</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Janus protein-tyrosine kinases 1 and 2</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>JNK1and 3</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">c-Jun NH<Subscript>2</Subscript>-terminal kinases 1 and 3</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>K<Superscript>Ac</Superscript></Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Side chain acetylated lysine</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>KDR</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Kinase insert domain receptor</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>KDRI</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Kinase insert domain receptor inhibitor</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Kit</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homologue, receptor tyrosine kinase</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>KPI-2</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Kinase/phosphatase/inhibitor 2</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Lck</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Lymphocyte cell-specific protein-tyrosine kinase</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>LMWPTP</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Low molecular weight protein-tyrosine phosphatase</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>LPS</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Lipopolysaccharid</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Lyn</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Protein-tyrosine kinase of the Src family</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>MAF</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Mouse adult fibroblast</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>MALDI-TOF/MS</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation—time of flight/mass spectrometry</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>MAP3K8</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 K8</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>MAPKAPK-2</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">MAP kinase activated protein kinase-2</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>MCA</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">7-Methoxycoumarin-4-yl)acetyl</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>MeAla</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No"><Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-methyl-alanine</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>MEK1</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">MAP, Erk kinase 1</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>MELK</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Maternal leucine zipper kinase</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>MePhe</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No"><Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-methyl-phenylalanine</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Met</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Hepatocyte growth factor receptor, protein tyrosin kinase</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>MK2</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term><Emphasis Type="Italic">m</Emphasis>LCEC</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Mouse lung capillary endothel cells</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>MPK1, 2, 3, 6</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Mitogen-activated protein kinases, isoforms 1,2,3, and 6</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Nal</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Naphthyl-alanine</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>NEK6</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Never in mitosis gene A related kinase 6</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>NGF</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Nerve growth factor</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Nle</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Norleucine</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>p70S6</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Ribosomal protein S6 kinase</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>PABP1</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Poly(A)-binding protein 1</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>PapA</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Fimbrial major pilin protein A</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>PBMC</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Peripheral blood mononuclear cell</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>PDE4B2, C2, A4, D5</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Isoform B2, C2, A4 and D5 of phosphodiesterase 4</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>PDGFRß</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Platelet-derived growth factor receptor kinase ß</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>PDGRF I-1</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Platelet-derived growth factor receptor inhibitor 1</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>PDK1</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">3-Phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Pia</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">4-Piperidinylacetic acid</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Pim1</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Proviral integration site 1 kinase</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Pin1</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Peptidyl-prolyl-<Emphasis Type="Italic">cis/trans</Emphasis>-isomerase Pin1, protein interacting with NIMA 1</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Pip</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No"><Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">l</Emphasis>-piperidine-2-carboxylic acid, pipecolic acid</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>PKA</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Protein kinase A, cAMP-dependent protein kinase</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>PKCζ, PKCα, PKCδ</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Protein kinase C isoforms</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>PKG</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Protein kinase G</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>PKI</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Protein kinase inhibitor</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>PknB</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Receptor-like protein kinase from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</Emphasis></Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Plk1, Plk3, Plk4</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Polo like kinase isoforms 1,3 and 4</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>PNA</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Peptide nucleic acid</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>POD</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Peroxidase</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>PP1, PP2, PP3, PP2A, PP2B</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Protein phosphatase class 1,2,3, 2A and 2B</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>ppGalNACT</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">UDP-<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-acetyl-ß-<Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">d</Emphasis>-galactosamin:polypeptide <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase family</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>pSer</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Phospho-serine</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>pThr</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Phospho-threonine</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>PTPμ</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Protein-tyrosine phosphatase μ</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>PTP1B</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>pTyr</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Phospho-tyrosine</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>PVDF</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Poly(vinylidene difluoride)</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Pyk2</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>QSY</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Xanthylium, 9-[2-[[4-[carboxyl]-1-piperidinyl]sulfonyl]phenyl]-3,6-bis(methylphenylamino)-, chloride</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Rock2</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Rho-associated kinase isoform 2</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Rsk2</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Ribosomal S6 kinase isoform 2</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>SAMDI</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Self-assembled monolayers for matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation mass spectrometry</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>sec. ab</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Secondary antibody</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>SGK1</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase isoform 2</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>SHP1 and SHP2</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">SH2 domain containing phosphatase 1 and 2</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>SIR2</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Silent information regulator 2</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>SMRT</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>SNAP25</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Synaptosomal-associated protein 25</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>SPR</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Surface plasmon resonance</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>SRPK4</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">SR protein kinase isoform 4</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>ß-Ala</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">3-Aminopropionic acid</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>ß-Gal</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">ß-Galactosidase</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>SSRP1</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Structure-specific recognition protein 1</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>STAT5</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Suc</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Succinyl</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>TBB</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">4,5,6,7-Tetrabromobenzotriazole</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>TBK1</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">TANK-binding kinase isoform 1</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>tBuGly</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">α-tert. Butyl-glycine</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>tBuPhe</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">4-tert. Butyl-phenylalanine</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>TCPTP</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">T-cell protein-tyrosine phosphatase</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Thi</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">ß-(2-Thienyl)-alanine</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Thz</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">R-4-thiazolidine-carboxylic acid</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Tic</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-isochinoline-3-carboxylic acid</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Tie2</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Tunica interna endothelial cell kinase 2</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Tpk1</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Tyrosine protein kinase 1</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>TrβI and TRβII</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Transforming growth factor β receptor tyrosine kinases I and II</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>TSSK3</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Testis specific serine/threonine kinase 3</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>uPA</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Urinary plasminogen activator</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>VEGFR2</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor kinase 2</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Wt</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Wildtype</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Yes</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Yamaguchi sarcoma viral oncoge, protein-tyrosine kinase</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term>Z</Term><Description><Para TextBreak="No">Benzyl-oxy-carbonyl</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry></DefinitionList></AbbreviationGroup><ArticleNote Type="ESMHint"><Heading>Electronic supplementary material</Heading><SimplePara>The online version of this article (doi:<ExternalRef><RefSource>10.1007/s12033-011-9402-x</RefSource><RefTarget Address="10.1007/s12033-011-9402-x" TargetType="DOI"></RefTarget></ExternalRef>) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</SimplePara></ArticleNote></ArticleHeader><NoBody></NoBody></Article></Issue></Volume></Journal></Publisher></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Deciphering Enzyme Function Using Peptide Arrays</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>Deciphering Enzyme Function Using Peptide Arrays</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Alexandra</namePart><namePart type="family">Thiele</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Human Nutrition, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Von Danckelmann Platz 2, 06120, Halle, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Gabriele</namePart><namePart type="given">I.</namePart><namePart type="family">Stangl</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Human Nutrition, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Von Danckelmann Platz 2, 06120, Halle, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal" displayLabel="corresp"><namePart type="given">Mike</namePart><namePart type="family">Schutkowski</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Enzymology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3, 06120, Halle, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: mike.schutkowski@biochemtech.uni-halle.de</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="review-article" displayLabel="ReviewPaper" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-L5L7X3NF-P">review-article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Humana Press Inc</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2011-11-01</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2011</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><abstract lang="en">Abstract: Enzymes are key molecules in signal-transduction pathways. However, only a small fraction of more than 500 human kinases, 300 human proteases and 200 human phosphatases is characterised so far. Peptide microarray based technologies for extremely efficient profiling of enzyme substrate specificity emerged in the last years. This technology reduces set-up time for HTS assays and allows the identification of downstream targets. Moreover, peptide microarrays enable optimisation of enzyme substrates. Focus of this review is on assay principles for measuring activities of kinases, phosphatases or proteases and on substrate identification/optimisation for kinases. Additionally, several examples for reliable identification of substrates for lysine methyl-transferases, histone deacetylases and SUMO-transferases are given. Finally, use of high-density peptide microarrays for the simultaneous profiling of kinase activities in complex biological samples like cell lysates or lysates of complete organisms is described. All published examples of peptide arrays used for enzyme profiling are summarised comprehensively.</abstract><note>Review</note><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>Substrate specificity</topic><topic>Kinase</topic><topic>Protease</topic><topic>Phosphatase</topic><topic>Peptide microarray</topic><topic>SPOT synthesis</topic><topic>Kinome profiling</topic></subject><subject><genre>Abbreviations</genre><topic>4Pip : Piperidine-4-carboxylic acid</topic><topic>Aa : Amino acid</topic><topic>Ab : Antibody</topic><topic>Abl : Abelson protein-tyrosine kinase</topic><topic>Abz : 2-Aminobenzoic acid</topic><topic>Acc : 4-Aminomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid</topic><topic>ACC : 7-Amino-4-carbamoylmethyl coumarin</topic><topic>ACEi : Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor</topic><topic>Akt1 : Protein kinase B isoform 1</topic><topic>Amb : 4-Aminomethylbenzoic acid</topic><topic>ANPK : Androgen receptor interacting nuclear protein kinase</topic><topic>AP : Alkaline phosphatase</topic><topic>APC : Activated protein C</topic><topic>Aurora A : Breast tumour-amplified serine/threonine kinase</topic><topic>Aurora B : Aurora- and IPL1-like midbody-associated protein 1, protein serine/threonine kinase</topic><topic>Bcl2 : Apoptosis regulator B-cell lymphoma 2</topic><topic>Bip : ß-(4-Biphenyl)alanine</topic><topic>BMK1 : Big mitogen-activated protein kinase 1</topic><topic>Boc : tert. Butyl-oxy-carbonyl</topic><topic>BODIPY : (4,4-Difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene) fluorophore</topic><topic>B-Raf : Tyrosine kinase-like kinase of the Raf family</topic><topic>Bth : ß-(3-Benzothienyl)alanine</topic><topic>Bz : Benzyl</topic><topic>CaMK2 : Calmodulin dependent kinase 2</topic><topic>Cbz : Benzyl-oxy-carbonyl protecting group</topic><topic>C-CAM-L : Large isoform of cell–cell adhesion molecule</topic><topic>Cdc15 : Cell devision control protein 15, yeast protein kinase</topic><topic>Cdk2, 5 : Cyclin dependent kinase 2, 5</topic><topic>CDPK-1 : Calcium dependent protein kinase</topic><topic>cGPKIa : cGMP dependent protein kinase Ia</topic><topic>Cha : 3-Cyclohexyl-alanine</topic><topic>Chk1, 2 : DNA damage checkpoint kinases 1 and 2</topic><topic>CK1, CK2 : Casein kinase 1, 2</topic><topic>CMV : Cytomegalovirus</topic><topic>c-Raf : Tyrosine kinase-like kinase of the Raf family</topic><topic>c-Src : Sarcoma (Schmidt-Ruppin A-2) viral oncogene homologue protein tyrosin kinase</topic><topic>Cy3 : 3H-indolium, 2-[3-[1-[6-[(2,5-dioxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)oxy]-6-oxohexyl]-1,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfo-2H-indol-2-ylidene]-1-propen-1-yl]-1-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfo-, inner salt</topic><topic>Cy5 : 3H-indolium, 2-[5-[1-[6-[(2,5-dioxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)oxy]-6-oxohexyl]-1,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfo-2H-indol-2-ylidene]-1,3-pentadien-1-yl]-1-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfo-, inner salt</topic><topic>DABCYL : 4-(Dimethylaminoazo)benzene-4-carboxylic acid</topic><topic>DANSyl : Dimethylamino-naphthalen-sulphonic acid</topic><topic>Dap(Dnp) : 2-Amino,3-(2′,4′-Dinitrophenylamino)-propionic acid</topic><topic>DAPK : Death-associated protein kinase</topic><topic>Dbf1-Mob1 : Budding yeast protein kinase Dbf1 in complex with activator (Mps one binder 1)</topic><topic>Dbg : α,α-Dibutyl glycine</topic><topic>DegP : Degradation protein, serine protease HtrA</topic><topic>DEX : Dexamethasone</topic><topic>Dok6 : Docking protein 6</topic><topic>DYRK1A, 2, 4 : Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase isoform 1A, 2 and 4</topic><topic>EGFR : Epidermal growth factor receptor kinase</topic><topic>Elk1 : Ets like gene 1</topic><topic>EphA4 : Ephrin receptor tyrosine kinase isoform 4a</topic><topic>EphB2 : Ephrin receptor tyrosine kinase isoform B2</topic><topic>Erk1, Erk2 : Extracellular signal regulated kinases isoforms 1 and 2</topic><topic>Fes : Feline sarcoma (Snyder-Theilen) oncogene, protein-tyrosine kinase</topic><topic>FGFR-1 : Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1</topic><topic>FITC : Fluorescein-thiocarbamoyl</topic><topic>Flt3 : Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3</topic><topic>FRET : Forster resonance energy transfer</topic><topic>Fyn : Protein-tyrosine kinase of the Src family</topic><topic>GluR1 : AMPAR glutamate receptor 1</topic><topic>Gsk3ß : Glycogen synthase kinase 3ß</topic><topic>H3, 4 : Histone 3 and 4</topic><topic>HD1, 2 : Histone deacetylase complexes 1 and 2 from P. sativum</topic><topic>Her2 : Herstatin isoform 2</topic><topic>proto : Oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase of the EGFR family</topic><topic>hK2 : Glandular kallikrein 2</topic><topic>HRP : Horseradish peroxidase</topic><topic>InsR : Insulin receptor kinase</topic><topic>IR : Insulin receptor tyrosine kinase</topic><topic>Jak1 and 2 : Janus protein-tyrosine kinases 1 and 2</topic><topic>JNK1and 3 : c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases 1 and 3</topic><topic>KAc : Side chain acetylated lysine</topic><topic>KDR : Kinase insert domain receptor</topic><topic>KDRI : Kinase insert domain receptor inhibitor</topic><topic>Kit : Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homologue, receptor tyrosine kinase</topic><topic>KPI-2 : Kinase/phosphatase/inhibitor 2</topic><topic>Lck : Lymphocyte cell-specific protein-tyrosine kinase</topic><topic>LMWPTP : Low molecular weight protein-tyrosine phosphatase</topic><topic>LPS : Lipopolysaccharid</topic><topic>Lyn : Protein-tyrosine kinase of the Src family</topic><topic>MAF : Mouse adult fibroblast</topic><topic>MALDI-TOF/MS : Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation—time of flight/mass spectrometry</topic><topic>MAP3K8 : Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 K8</topic><topic>MAPKAPK-2 : MAP kinase activated protein kinase-2</topic><topic>MCA : 7-Methoxycoumarin-4-yl)acetyl</topic><topic>MeAla : N-methyl-alanine</topic><topic>MEK1 : MAP, Erk kinase 1</topic><topic>MELK : Maternal leucine zipper kinase</topic><topic>MePhe : N-methyl-phenylalanine</topic><topic>Met : Hepatocyte growth factor receptor, protein tyrosin kinase</topic><topic>MK2 : Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2</topic><topic>m LCEC : Mouse lung capillary endothel cells</topic><topic>MPK1, 2, 3, 6 : Mitogen-activated protein kinases, isoforms 1,2,3, and 6</topic><topic>Nal : Naphthyl-alanine</topic><topic>NEK6 : Never in mitosis gene A related kinase 6</topic><topic>NGF : Nerve growth factor</topic><topic>Nle : Norleucine</topic><topic>p70S6 : Ribosomal protein S6 kinase</topic><topic>PABP1 : Poly(A)-binding protein 1</topic><topic>PapA : Fimbrial major pilin protein A</topic><topic>PBMC : Peripheral blood mononuclear cell</topic><topic>PDE4B2, C2, A4, D5 : Isoform B2, C2, A4 and D5 of phosphodiesterase 4</topic><topic>PDGFRß : Platelet-derived growth factor receptor kinase ß</topic><topic>PDGRF I-1 : Platelet-derived growth factor receptor inhibitor 1</topic><topic>PDK1 : 3-Phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1</topic><topic>Pia : 4-Piperidinylacetic acid</topic><topic>Pim1 : Proviral integration site 1 kinase</topic><topic>Pin1 : Peptidyl-prolyl-cis/trans-isomerase Pin1, protein interacting with NIMA 1</topic><topic>Pip : l-piperidine-2-carboxylic acid, pipecolic acid</topic><topic>PKA : Protein kinase A, cAMP-dependent protein kinase</topic><topic>PKCζ, PKCα, PKCδ : Protein kinase C isoforms</topic><topic>PKG : Protein kinase G</topic><topic>PKI : Protein kinase inhibitor</topic><topic>PknB : Receptor-like protein kinase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis</topic><topic>Plk1, Plk3, Plk4 : Polo like kinase isoforms 1,3 and 4</topic><topic>PNA : Peptide nucleic acid</topic><topic>POD : Peroxidase</topic><topic>PP1, PP2, PP3, PP2A, PP2B : Protein phosphatase class 1,2,3, 2A and 2B</topic><topic>ppGalNACT : UDP-N-acetyl-ß-d-galactosamin:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase family</topic><topic>pSer : Phospho-serine</topic><topic>pThr : Phospho-threonine</topic><topic>PTPμ : Protein-tyrosine phosphatase μ</topic><topic>PTP1B : Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B</topic><topic>pTyr : Phospho-tyrosine</topic><topic>PVDF : Poly(vinylidene difluoride)</topic><topic>Pyk2 : Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2</topic><topic>QSY : Xanthylium, 9-[2-[[4-[carboxyl]-1-piperidinyl]sulfonyl]phenyl]-3,6-bis(methylphenylamino)-, chloride</topic><topic>Rock2 : Rho-associated kinase isoform 2</topic><topic>Rsk2 : Ribosomal S6 kinase isoform 2</topic><topic>SAMDI : Self-assembled monolayers for matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation mass spectrometry</topic><topic>sec. ab : Secondary antibody</topic><topic>SGK1 : Serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase isoform 2</topic><topic>SHP1 and SHP2 : SH2 domain containing phosphatase 1 and 2</topic><topic>SIR2 : Silent information regulator 2</topic><topic>SMRT : Silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor</topic><topic>SNAP25 : Synaptosomal-associated protein 25</topic><topic>SPR : Surface plasmon resonance</topic><topic>SRPK4 : SR protein kinase isoform 4</topic><topic>ß-Ala : 3-Aminopropionic acid</topic><topic>ß-Gal : ß-Galactosidase</topic><topic>SSRP1 : Structure-specific recognition protein 1</topic><topic>STAT5 : Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5</topic><topic>Suc : Succinyl</topic><topic>TBB : 4,5,6,7-Tetrabromobenzotriazole</topic><topic>TBK1 : TANK-binding kinase isoform 1</topic><topic>tBuGly : α-tert. Butyl-glycine</topic><topic>tBuPhe : 4-tert. Butyl-phenylalanine</topic><topic>TCPTP : T-cell protein-tyrosine phosphatase</topic><topic>Thi : ß-(2-Thienyl)-alanine</topic><topic>Thz : R-4-thiazolidine-carboxylic acid</topic><topic>Tic : 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-isochinoline-3-carboxylic acid</topic><topic>Tie2 : Tunica interna endothelial cell kinase 2</topic><topic>Tpk1 : Tyrosine protein kinase 1</topic><topic>TrβI and TRβII : Transforming growth factor β receptor tyrosine kinases I and II</topic><topic>TSSK3 : Testis specific serine/threonine kinase 3</topic><topic>uPA : Urinary plasminogen activator</topic><topic>VEGFR2 : Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor kinase 2</topic><topic>Wt : Wildtype</topic><topic>Yes : Yamaguchi sarcoma viral oncoge, protein-tyrosine kinase</topic><topic>Z : Benzyl-oxy-carbonyl</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Molecular Biotechnology</title><subTitle>Part B of Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology</subTitle></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Mol Biotechnol</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><originInfo><publisher>Springer</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2011-09-30</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2011</copyrightDate></originInfo><subject><genre>Chemistry</genre><topic>Biological Techniques</topic><topic>Protein Science</topic><topic>Human Genetics</topic><topic>Cell Biology</topic><topic>Biochemistry, general</topic><topic>Biotechnology</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">1073-6085</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1559-0305</identifier><identifier type="JournalID">12033</identifier><identifier type="IssueArticleCount">10</identifier><identifier type="VolumeIssueCount">3</identifier><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><number>49</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>3</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>283</start><end>305</end></extent></part><recordInfo><recordOrigin>Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2011</recordOrigin></recordInfo></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">EFC025108BC436FF2A565C737CB65E77D7A3A2C1</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/VQC-0MLKMCWP-S</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1007/s12033-011-9402-x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">9402</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">s12033-011-9402-x</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2011</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-3XSW68JL-F">springer</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2011</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/VQC-0MLKMCWP-S/record.json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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