lncRNAs regulate the innate immune response to viral infection
Identifieur interne : 001B05 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001B04; suivant : 001B06lncRNAs regulate the innate immune response to viral infection
Auteurs : Jing Ouyang ; Jiayue Hu ; Ji-Long ChenSource :
- Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: RNA [ 1757-7004 ] ; 2016-01.
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are extensively expressed in mammalian cells and play a crucial role as RNA regulators in various cellular processes. Increasing data reveal that they function in innate antiviral immunity through complex mechanisms. Thousands of lncRNAs are regulated by RNA virus or DNA virus infection. The significant differential expression of lncRNAs is induced by virus or host antiviral signaling mediated by interferons (IFNs) and tumor necrosis factor‐α. In turn, these lncRNAs modulate the host immune response including the pathogen recognition receptor (PRR)‐related signaling, the translocation and activation of transcription factors, the production of IFNs and cytokines, the IFN‐activated JAK‐STAT signaling and the transcription of antiviral IFN‐stimulated genes (ISGs). Using gain‐ or loss‐of‐function analysis, the effect of lncRNAs on viral replication has been investigated to elucidate the essential role of lncRNA in the host–virus interaction. lncRNAs have shown specifically elevated or decreased levels in patients with viral diseases, suggesting the possibility of clinical application as biomarkers. Here we review the current advances of viral infection‐associated host lncRNAs, their functional significance in different aspects of antiviral immune response, the specific mechanisms and unsolved issues. We also summarize the regulation of lncRNAs by viruses, PRR agonists and cytokines. In addition, virus‐encoded lncRNAs and their functional involvement in host–virus interaction are addressed. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:129–143. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1321 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1321
Links to Exploration step
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<front><div type="abstract">Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are extensively expressed in mammalian cells and play a crucial role as RNA regulators in various cellular processes. Increasing data reveal that they function in innate antiviral immunity through complex mechanisms. Thousands of lncRNAs are regulated by RNA virus or DNA virus infection. The significant differential expression of lncRNAs is induced by virus or host antiviral signaling mediated by interferons (IFNs) and tumor necrosis factor‐α. In turn, these lncRNAs modulate the host immune response including the pathogen recognition receptor (PRR)‐related signaling, the translocation and activation of transcription factors, the production of IFNs and cytokines, the IFN‐activated JAK‐STAT signaling and the transcription of antiviral IFN‐stimulated genes (ISGs). Using gain‐ or loss‐of‐function analysis, the effect of lncRNAs on viral replication has been investigated to elucidate the essential role of lncRNA in the host–virus interaction. lncRNAs have shown specifically elevated or decreased levels in patients with viral diseases, suggesting the possibility of clinical application as biomarkers. Here we review the current advances of viral infection‐associated host lncRNAs, their functional significance in different aspects of antiviral immune response, the specific mechanisms and unsolved issues. We also summarize the regulation of lncRNAs by viruses, PRR agonists and cytokines. In addition, virus‐encoded lncRNAs and their functional involvement in host–virus interaction are addressed. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:129–143. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1321 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.</div>
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<profileDesc><abstract style="main" xml:id="wrna1321-abs-0001"><p xml:id="wrna1321-para-0001">Long noncoding <hi rend="fc">RNAs</hi>
(<hi rend="fc">lncRNAs</hi>
) are extensively expressed in mammalian cells and play a crucial role as <hi rend="fc">RNA</hi>
regulators in various cellular processes. Increasing data reveal that they function in innate antiviral immunity through complex mechanisms. Thousands of <hi rend="fc">lncRNAs</hi>
are regulated by <hi rend="fc">RNA</hi>
virus or <hi rend="fc">DNA</hi>
virus infection. The significant differential expression of <hi rend="fc">lncRNAs</hi>
is induced by virus or host antiviral signaling mediated by interferons (<hi rend="fc">IFNs</hi>
) and tumor necrosis factor‐α. In turn, these <hi rend="fc">lncRNAs</hi>
modulate the host immune response including the pathogen recognition receptor (<hi rend="fc">PRR</hi>
)‐related signaling, the translocation and activation of transcription factors, the production of <hi rend="fc">IFNs</hi>
and cytokines, the <hi rend="fc">IFN</hi>
‐activated <hi rend="fc">JAK‐STAT</hi>
signaling and the transcription of antiviral <hi rend="fc">IFN</hi>
‐stimulated genes (<hi rend="fc">ISGs</hi>
). Using gain‐ or loss‐of‐function analysis, the effect of <hi rend="fc">lncRNAs</hi>
on viral replication has been investigated to elucidate the essential role of <hi rend="fc">lncRNA</hi>
in the host–virus interaction. <hi rend="fc">lncRNAs</hi>
have shown specifically elevated or decreased levels in patients with viral diseases, suggesting the possibility of clinical application as biomarkers. Here we review the current advances of viral infection‐associated host <hi rend="fc">lncRNAs</hi>
, their functional significance in different aspects of antiviral immune response, the specific mechanisms and unsolved issues. We also summarize the regulation of <hi rend="fc">lncRNAs</hi>
by viruses, <hi rend="fc">PRR</hi>
agonists and cytokines. In addition, virus‐encoded <hi rend="fc">lncRNAs</hi>
and their functional involvement in host–virus interaction are addressed. <hi rend="italic">WIREs RNA</hi>
2016, 7:129–143. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1321</p>
<p>For further resources related to this article, please visit the <ref type="url">http://wires.wiley.com/remdoi.cgi?doi=10.1002/wrna.1321</ref>
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<correspondenceTo>Correspondence to: <email>chenjl@im.ac.cn</email>
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<subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.wiley.com/subject/17577004/RJAB">RNA in Disease</subject>
<subject href="http://psi.wiley.com/subject/17577004/RDAE">Protein–RNA Interactions—Functional Implications</subject>
<subject href="http://psi.wiley.com/subject/17577004/RDAA">RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules</subject>
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<contentMeta><titleGroup><title type="main"><fc>lncRNAs</fc>
regulate the innate immune response to viral infection</title>
<title type="short"><fc>lncRNAs</fc>
regulate the innate immune response</title>
</titleGroup>
<creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="wrna1321-cr-0001" affiliationRef="#wrna1321-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>Jing</givenNames>
<familyName>Ouyang</familyName>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="wrna1321-cr-0002" affiliationRef="#wrna1321-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>Jiayue</givenNames>
<familyName>Hu</familyName>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="wrna1321-cr-0003" affiliationRef="#wrna1321-aff-0001 #wrna1321-aff-0002" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>Ji‐Long</givenNames>
<familyName>Chen</familyName>
</personName>
</creator>
</creators>
<affiliationGroup xml:id="wrna1321-affgp-0001"><affiliation countryCode="CN" type="organization" xml:id="wrna1321-aff-0001"><orgDiv>CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology</orgDiv>
<orgName>Chinese Academy of Sciences</orgName>
<address><city>Beijing</city>
<country>China</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
<affiliation countryCode="CN" type="organization" xml:id="wrna1321-aff-0002"><orgDiv>College of Animal Sciences</orgDiv>
<orgName>Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University</orgName>
<address><city>Fuzhou</city>
<country>China</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</affiliationGroup>
<fundingInfo><fundingAgency>National Basic Research Program (973) of China</fundingAgency>
<fundingNumber>2015CB910502</fundingNumber>
</fundingInfo>
<fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Natural Science Foundation of China</fundingAgency>
<fundingNumber>U1305212</fundingNumber>
</fundingInfo>
<fundingInfo><fundingAgency>National Key Technologies Research and Development Program of China</fundingAgency>
<fundingNumber>2013ZX10004‐611</fundingNumber>
</fundingInfo>
<fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Natural Science Foundation of China</fundingAgency>
<fundingNumber>81590765</fundingNumber>
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<abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:id="wrna1321-abs-0001"><p xml:id="wrna1321-para-0001">Long noncoding <fc>RNAs</fc>
(<fc>lncRNAs</fc>
) are extensively expressed in mammalian cells and play a crucial role as <fc>RNA</fc>
regulators in various cellular processes. Increasing data reveal that they function in innate antiviral immunity through complex mechanisms. Thousands of <fc>lncRNAs</fc>
are regulated by <fc>RNA</fc>
virus or <fc>DNA</fc>
virus infection. The significant differential expression of <fc>lncRNAs</fc>
is induced by virus or host antiviral signaling mediated by interferons (<fc>IFNs</fc>
) and tumor necrosis factor‐α. In turn, these <fc>lncRNAs</fc>
modulate the host immune response including the pathogen recognition receptor (<fc>PRR</fc>
)‐related signaling, the translocation and activation of transcription factors, the production of <fc>IFNs</fc>
and cytokines, the <fc>IFN</fc>
‐activated <fc>JAK‐STAT</fc>
signaling and the transcription of antiviral <fc>IFN</fc>
‐stimulated genes (<fc>ISGs</fc>
). Using gain‐ or loss‐of‐function analysis, the effect of <fc>lncRNAs</fc>
on viral replication has been investigated to elucidate the essential role of <fc>lncRNA</fc>
in the host–virus interaction. <fc>lncRNAs</fc>
have shown specifically elevated or decreased levels in patients with viral diseases, suggesting the possibility of clinical application as biomarkers. Here we review the current advances of viral infection‐associated host <fc>lncRNAs</fc>
, their functional significance in different aspects of antiviral immune response, the specific mechanisms and unsolved issues. We also summarize the regulation of <fc>lncRNAs</fc>
by viruses, <fc>PRR</fc>
agonists and cytokines. In addition, virus‐encoded <fc>lncRNAs</fc>
and their functional involvement in host–virus interaction are addressed. <i>WIREs RNA</i>
2016, 7:129–143. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1321</p>
<p>For further resources related to this article, please visit the <url href="http://wires.wiley.com/remdoi.cgi?doi=10.1002/wrna.1321">WIREs website</url>
.</p>
</abstract>
</abstractGroup>
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<noteGroup xml:id="wrna1321-ntgp-0001"><note xml:id="wrna1321-note-0001" numbered="no">Conflict of interest: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article.</note>
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<abstract>Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are extensively expressed in mammalian cells and play a crucial role as RNA regulators in various cellular processes. Increasing data reveal that they function in innate antiviral immunity through complex mechanisms. Thousands of lncRNAs are regulated by RNA virus or DNA virus infection. The significant differential expression of lncRNAs is induced by virus or host antiviral signaling mediated by interferons (IFNs) and tumor necrosis factor‐α. In turn, these lncRNAs modulate the host immune response including the pathogen recognition receptor (PRR)‐related signaling, the translocation and activation of transcription factors, the production of IFNs and cytokines, the IFN‐activated JAK‐STAT signaling and the transcription of antiviral IFN‐stimulated genes (ISGs). Using gain‐ or loss‐of‐function analysis, the effect of lncRNAs on viral replication has been investigated to elucidate the essential role of lncRNA in the host–virus interaction. lncRNAs have shown specifically elevated or decreased levels in patients with viral diseases, suggesting the possibility of clinical application as biomarkers. Here we review the current advances of viral infection‐associated host lncRNAs, their functional significance in different aspects of antiviral immune response, the specific mechanisms and unsolved issues. We also summarize the regulation of lncRNAs by viruses, PRR agonists and cytokines. In addition, virus‐encoded lncRNAs and their functional involvement in host–virus interaction are addressed. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:129–143. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1321 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.</abstract>
<note type="funding">National Basic Research Program (973) of China - No. 2015CB910502; </note>
<note type="funding">Natural Science Foundation of China - No. U1305212; </note>
<note type="funding">National Key Technologies Research and Development Program of China - No. 2013ZX10004‐611; </note>
<note type="funding">Natural Science Foundation of China - No. 81590765; </note>
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