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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Burden of injury along the development spectrum: associations between the Socio-demographic Index and disability-adjusted life year estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017</title><author><name sortKey="Haagsma, Juanita A" sort="Haagsma, Juanita A" uniqKey="Haagsma J" first="Juanita A" last="Haagsma">Juanita A. Haagsma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Erasmus University Medical Center</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rotterdam</addr-line>,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="James, Spencer L" sort="James, Spencer L" uniqKey="James S" first="Spencer L" last="James">Spencer L. James</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Castle, Chris D" sort="Castle, Chris D" uniqKey="Castle C" first="Chris D" last="Castle">Chris D. Castle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dingels, Zachary V" sort="Dingels, Zachary V" uniqKey="Dingels Z" first="Zachary V" last="Dingels">Zachary V. Dingels</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fox, Jack T" sort="Fox, Jack T" uniqKey="Fox J" first="Jack T" last="Fox">Jack T. Fox</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamilton, Erin B" sort="Hamilton, Erin B" uniqKey="Hamilton E" first="Erin B" last="Hamilton">Erin B. Hamilton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Zichen" sort="Liu, Zichen" uniqKey="Liu Z" first="Zichen" last="Liu">Zichen Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lucchesi, Lydia R" sort="Lucchesi, Lydia R" uniqKey="Lucchesi L" first="Lydia R" last="Lucchesi">Lydia R. Lucchesi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roberts, Nicholas L S" sort="Roberts, Nicholas L S" uniqKey="Roberts N" first="Nicholas L S" last="Roberts">Nicholas L S. Roberts</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sylte, Dillon O" sort="Sylte, Dillon O" uniqKey="Sylte D" first="Dillon O" last="Sylte">Dillon O. Sylte</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adebayo, Oladimeji M" sort="Adebayo, Oladimeji M" uniqKey="Adebayo O" first="Oladimeji M" last="Adebayo">Oladimeji M. Adebayo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University College Hospital Ibadan</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ibadan</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmadi, Alireza" sort="Ahmadi, Alireza" uniqKey="Ahmadi A" first="Alireza" last="Ahmadi">Alireza Ahmadi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution content-type="department">Department of Anesthesiology</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmed, Muktar Beshir" sort="Ahmed, Muktar Beshir" uniqKey="Ahmed M" first="Muktar Beshir" last="Ahmed">Muktar Beshir Ahmed</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Jimma University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jimma</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine" sort="Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine" uniqKey="Aichour M" first="Miloud Taki Eddine" last="Aichour">Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>Higher National School of Veterinary Medicine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Algiers</addr-line>,<country>Algeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alahdab, Fares" sort="Alahdab, Fares" uniqKey="Alahdab F" first="Fares" last="Alahdab">Fares Alahdab</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"><institution content-type="department">Evidence Based Practice Center</institution>,<institution>Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rochester</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Minnesota</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alghnam, Suliman A" sort="Alghnam, Suliman A" uniqKey="Alghnam S" first="Suliman A" last="Alghnam">Suliman A. Alghnam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"><institution content-type="department">Department of Population Health Research</institution>,<institution>King Abdullah International Medical Research Center</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aljunid, Syed Mohamed" sort="Aljunid, Syed Mohamed" uniqKey="Aljunid S" first="Syed Mohamed" last="Aljunid">Syed Mohamed Aljunid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Policy and Management</institution>,<institution>Kuwait University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Safat</addr-line>,<country>Kuwait</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10"><institution content-type="department">International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding</institution>,<institution>National University of Malaysia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bandar Tun Razak</addr-line>,<country>Malaysia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Raddadi, Rajaa M" sort="Al Raddadi, Rajaa M" uniqKey="Al Raddadi R" first="Rajaa M" last="Al-Raddadi">Rajaa M. Al-Raddadi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff11"><institution content-type="department">Department of Family and Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>King Abdulaziz University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jeddah</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alsharif, Ubai" sort="Alsharif, Ubai" uniqKey="Alsharif U" first="Ubai" last="Alsharif">Ubai Alsharif</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12"><institution content-type="department">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery</institution>,<institution>University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bochum</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Altirkawi, Khalid" sort="Altirkawi, Khalid" uniqKey="Altirkawi K" first="Khalid" last="Altirkawi">Khalid Altirkawi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13"><institution>King Saud University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anjomshoa, Mina" sort="Anjomshoa, Mina" uniqKey="Anjomshoa M" first="Mina" last="Anjomshoa">Mina Anjomshoa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14"><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rafsanjan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Antonio, Carl Abelardo T" sort="Antonio, Carl Abelardo T" uniqKey="Antonio C" first="Carl Abelardo T" last="Antonio">Carl Abelardo T. Antonio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff15"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Policy and Administration</institution>,<institution>University of the Philippines Manila</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Manila</addr-line>,<country>Philippines</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff16"><institution content-type="department">Department of Applied Social Sciences</institution>,<institution>Hong Kong Polytechnic University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hong Kong</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw" sort="Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw" uniqKey="Appiah S" first="Seth Christopher Yaw" last="Appiah">Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff17"><institution content-type="department">Department of Sociology and Social Work</institution>,<institution>Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kumasi</addr-line>,<country>Ghana</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff18"><institution content-type="department">Center for International Health</institution>,<institution>Ludwig Maximilians University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Munich</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aremu, Olatunde" sort="Aremu, Olatunde" uniqKey="Aremu O" first="Olatunde" last="Aremu">Olatunde Aremu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff19"><institution content-type="department">School of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Birmingham City University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arora, Amit" sort="Arora, Amit" uniqKey="Arora A" first="Amit" last="Arora">Amit Arora</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff20"><institution content-type="department">School of Science and Health</institution>,<institution>Western Sydney University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff21"><institution content-type="department">Oral Health Services</institution>,<institution>Sydney Local Health District</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asayesh, Hamid" sort="Asayesh, Hamid" uniqKey="Asayesh H" first="Hamid" last="Asayesh">Hamid Asayesh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff22"><institution>Qom University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Qom</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Assadi, Reza" sort="Assadi, Reza" uniqKey="Assadi R" first="Reza" last="Assadi">Reza Assadi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff23"><institution content-type="department">Education Development Center</institution>,<institution>Mashhad University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mashhad</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Awasthi, Ashish" sort="Awasthi, Ashish" uniqKey="Awasthi A" first="Ashish" last="Awasthi">Ashish Awasthi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff24"><institution>Indian Institute of Public Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Gandhinagar</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina" sort="Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina" uniqKey="Ayala Quintanilla B" first="Beatriz Paulina" last="Ayala Quintanilla">Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff25"><institution content-type="department">The Judith Lumley Centre</institution>,<institution>La Trobe University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff26"><institution content-type="department">General Office for Research and Technological Transfer</institution>,<institution>Peruvian National Institute of Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lima</addr-line>,<country>Peru</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balalla, Shivanthi" sort="Balalla, Shivanthi" uniqKey="Balalla S" first="Shivanthi" last="Balalla">Shivanthi Balalla</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff27"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Auckland University of Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Auckland</addr-line>,<country>New Zealand</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Banstola, Amrit" sort="Banstola, Amrit" uniqKey="Banstola A" first="Amrit" last="Banstola">Amrit Banstola</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff28"><institution content-type="department">Department of Research</institution>,<institution>Public Health Perspective Nepal</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Pokhara-Lekhnath Metropolitan City</addr-line>,<country>Nepal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barker Collo, Suzanne Lyn" sort="Barker Collo, Suzanne Lyn" uniqKey="Barker Collo S" first="Suzanne Lyn" last="Barker-Collo">Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff29"><institution content-type="department">School of Psychology</institution>,<institution>University of Auckland</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Auckland</addr-line>,<country>New Zealand</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="B Rnighausen, Till Winfried" sort="B Rnighausen, Till Winfried" uniqKey="B Rnighausen T" first="Till Winfried" last="B Rnighausen">Till Winfried B Rnighausen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff30"><institution>Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Heidelberg</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff31"><institution content-type="department">T.H. Chan School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Harvard University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Massachusetts</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bazargan Hejazi, Shahrzad" sort="Bazargan Hejazi, Shahrzad" uniqKey="Bazargan Hejazi S" first="Shahrzad" last="Bazargan-Hejazi">Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff32"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Los Angeles</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">California</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff33"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences</institution>,<institution>David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Los Angeles</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">California</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bedi, Neeraj" sort="Bedi, Neeraj" uniqKey="Bedi N" first="Neeraj" last="Bedi">Neeraj Bedi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff34"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Gandhi Medical College Bhopal</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bhopal</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Behzadifar, Masoud" sort="Behzadifar, Masoud" uniqKey="Behzadifar M" first="Masoud" last="Behzadifar">Masoud Behzadifar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff35"><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Lorestan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Khorramabad</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Behzadifar, Meysam" sort="Behzadifar, Meysam" uniqKey="Behzadifar M" first="Meysam" last="Behzadifar">Meysam Behzadifar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff36"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Lorestan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Khorramabad</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Benjet, Corina" sort="Benjet, Corina" uniqKey="Benjet C" first="Corina" last="Benjet">Corina Benjet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff37"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Psychosocial Research</institution>,<institution>Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mexico City</addr-line>,<country>Mexico</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bennett, Derrick A" sort="Bennett, Derrick A" uniqKey="Bennett D" first="Derrick A" last="Bennett">Derrick A. Bennett</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff38"><institution content-type="department">Nuffield Department of Population Health</institution>,<institution>University of Oxford</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Oxford</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bensenor, Isabela M" sort="Bensenor, Isabela M" uniqKey="Bensenor I" first="Isabela M" last="Bensenor">Isabela M. Bensenor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff39"><institution content-type="department">Department of Internal Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of São Paulo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">São Paulo</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bhaumik, Soumyadeep" sort="Bhaumik, Soumyadeep" uniqKey="Bhaumik S" first="Soumyadeep" last="Bhaumik">Soumyadeep Bhaumik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff40"><institution>The George Institute for Global Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bhutta, Zulfiqar A" sort="Bhutta, Zulfiqar A" uniqKey="Bhutta Z" first="Zulfiqar A" last="Bhutta">Zulfiqar A. Bhutta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff41"><institution content-type="department">Centre for Global Child Health</institution>,<institution>The Hospital for Sick Children</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Toronto</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff42"><institution content-type="department">Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health</institution>,<institution>Aga Khan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Karachi</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bijani, Ali" sort="Bijani, Ali" uniqKey="Bijani A" first="Ali" last="Bijani">Ali Bijani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff43"><institution>Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Babol</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borges, Guilherme" sort="Borges, Guilherme" uniqKey="Borges G" first="Guilherme" last="Borges">Guilherme Borges</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff37"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Psychosocial Research</institution>,<institution>Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mexico City</addr-line>,<country>Mexico</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borschmann, Rohan" sort="Borschmann, Rohan" uniqKey="Borschmann R" first="Rohan" last="Borschmann">Rohan Borschmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff44"><institution>Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff45"><institution content-type="department">School of Population and Global Health</institution>,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bose, Dipan" sort="Bose, Dipan" uniqKey="Bose D" first="Dipan" last="Bose">Dipan Bose</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff46"><institution content-type="department">Transport & Digital Development</institution>,<institution>World Bank</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Washington</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">District of Columbia</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boufous, Soufiane" sort="Boufous, Soufiane" uniqKey="Boufous S" first="Soufiane" last="Boufous">Soufiane Boufous</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff47"><institution content-type="department">Transport and Road Safety (TARS) Research Department</institution>,<institution>University of New South Wales</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brazinova, Alexandra" sort="Brazinova, Alexandra" uniqKey="Brazinova A" first="Alexandra" last="Brazinova">Alexandra Brazinova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff48"><institution>Institute of Epidemiology, Comenius University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bratislava</addr-line>,<country>Slovakia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar" sort="Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar" uniqKey="Campuzano Rincon J" first="Julio Cesar" last="Campuzano Rincon">Julio Cesar Campuzano Rincon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff49"><institution>National Institute of Public Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cuernavaca</addr-line>,<country>Mexico</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff50"><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of the Valley of Cuernavaca</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cuernavaca</addr-line>,<country>Mexico</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cardenas, Rosario" sort="Cardenas, Rosario" uniqKey="Cardenas R" first="Rosario" last="Cárdenas">Rosario Cárdenas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff51"><institution content-type="department">Department of Population and Health</institution>,<institution>Metropolitan Autonomous University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mexico City</addr-line>,<country>Mexico</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carrero, Juan J" sort="Carrero, Juan J" uniqKey="Carrero J" first="Juan J" last="Carrero">Juan J. Carrero</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff52"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Karolinska Institutet</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Stockholm</addr-line>,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carvalho, Felix" sort="Carvalho, Felix" uniqKey="Carvalho F" first="Félix" last="Carvalho">Félix Carvalho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff53"><institution content-type="department">UCIBIO</institution>,<institution>University of Porto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Porto</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Casta Eda Orjuela, Carlos A" sort="Casta Eda Orjuela, Carlos A" uniqKey="Casta Eda Orjuela C" first="Carlos A" last="Casta Eda-Orjuela">Carlos A. Casta Eda-Orjuela</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff54"><institution content-type="department">Colombian National Health Observatory</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bogota</addr-line>,<country>Colombia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff55"><institution content-type="department">Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group</institution>,<institution>National University of Colombia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bogota</addr-line>,<country>Colombia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Catala L Pez, Ferran" sort="Catala L Pez, Ferran" uniqKey="Catala L Pez F" first="Ferrán" last="Catalá-L Pez">Ferrán Catalá-L Pez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff56"><institution content-type="department">National School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Carlos III Health Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff57"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Epidemiology Program</institution>,<institution>Ottawa Hospital Research Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Choi, Jee Young J" sort="Choi, Jee Young J" uniqKey="Choi J" first="Jee-Young J" last="Choi">Jee-Young J. Choi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff58"><institution content-type="department">Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Science</institution>,<institution>Seoul National University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seoul</addr-line>,<country>South Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Christopher, Devasahayam J" sort="Christopher, Devasahayam J" uniqKey="Christopher D" first="Devasahayam J" last="Christopher">Devasahayam J. Christopher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff59"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pulmonary Medicine</institution>,<institution>Christian Medical College and Hospital (CMC)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Vellore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crowe, Christopher Stephen" sort="Crowe, Christopher Stephen" uniqKey="Crowe C" first="Christopher Stephen" last="Crowe">Christopher Stephen Crowe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff60"><institution content-type="department">Division of Plastic Surgery</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dalal, Koustuv" sort="Dalal, Koustuv" uniqKey="Dalal K" first="Koustuv" last="Dalal">Koustuv Dalal</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff61"><institution>Institute of Public Health Kalyani</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kalyani</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff62"><institution content-type="department">School of Health Science</institution>,<institution>Orebro University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Orebro</addr-line>,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Daryani, Ahmad" sort="Daryani, Ahmad" uniqKey="Daryani A" first="Ahmad" last="Daryani">Ahmad Daryani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff63"><institution content-type="department">Toxoplasmosis Research Center</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil" sort="Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil" uniqKey="Davitoiu D" first="Dragos Virgil" last="Davitoiu">Dragos Virgil Davitoiu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff64"><institution content-type="department">Department of General Surgery</institution>,<institution>Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff65"><institution content-type="department">Department of Surgery</institution>,<institution>Clinical Emergency Hospital Sf. Pantelimon</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Degenhardt, Louisa" sort="Degenhardt, Louisa" uniqKey="Degenhardt L" first="Louisa" last="Degenhardt">Louisa Degenhardt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff66"><institution content-type="department">National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre</institution>,<institution>University of New South Wales</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Leo, Diego" sort="De Leo, Diego" uniqKey="De Leo D" first="Diego" last="De Leo">Diego De Leo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff67"><institution>Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mount Gravatt</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Queensland</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Neve, Jan Walter" sort="De Neve, Jan Walter" uniqKey="De Neve J" first="Jan-Walter" last="De Neve">Jan-Walter De Neve</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff30"><institution>Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Heidelberg</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deribe, Kebede" sort="Deribe, Kebede" uniqKey="Deribe K" first="Kebede" last="Deribe">Kebede Deribe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff68"><institution content-type="department">Department of Global Health and Infection</institution>,<institution>Brighton and Sussex Medical School</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Brighton</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff69"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Addis Ababa University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Addis Ababa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dessie, Getenet Ayalew" sort="Dessie, Getenet Ayalew" uniqKey="Dessie G" first="Getenet Ayalew" last="Dessie">Getenet Ayalew Dessie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff70"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing</institution>,<institution>Debre Markos University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Debre Markos</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deveber, Gabrielle Aline" sort="Deveber, Gabrielle Aline" uniqKey="Deveber G" first="Gabrielle Aline" last="Deveber">Gabrielle Aline Deveber</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff71"><institution content-type="department">Centre for Global Child Health</institution>,<institution>The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Toronto</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda" sort="Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda" uniqKey="Dharmaratne S" first="Samath Dhamminda" last="Dharmaratne">Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff72"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Peradeniya</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Peradeniya</addr-line>,<country>Sri Lanka</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doan, Linh Phuong" sort="Doan, Linh Phuong" uniqKey="Doan L" first="Linh Phuong" last="Doan">Linh Phuong Doan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff73"><institution content-type="department">Center of Excellence in Health Service Management</institution>,<institution>Nguyen Tat Thanh University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ho Chi Minh</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dolan, Kate A" sort="Dolan, Kate A" uniqKey="Dolan K" first="Kate A" last="Dolan">Kate A. Dolan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff74"><institution>University of New South Wales</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Driscoll, Tim Robert" sort="Driscoll, Tim Robert" uniqKey="Driscoll T" first="Tim Robert" last="Driscoll">Tim Robert Driscoll</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff75"><institution content-type="department">Sydney School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Sydney</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dubey, Manisha" sort="Dubey, Manisha" uniqKey="Dubey M" first="Manisha" last="Dubey">Manisha Dubey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff76"><institution>United Nations World Food Programme</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="El Khatib, Ziad" sort="El Khatib, Ziad" uniqKey="El Khatib Z" first="Ziad" last="El-Khatib">Ziad El-Khatib</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff77"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Karolinska Institutet</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Stockholm</addr-line>,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff78"><institution content-type="department">World Health Programme</institution>,<institution>Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rouyn-Noranda</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Quebec</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ellingsen, Christian Lycke" sort="Ellingsen, Christian Lycke" uniqKey="Ellingsen C" first="Christian Lycke" last="Ellingsen">Christian Lycke Ellingsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff79"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pathology</institution>,<institution>Stavanger University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Stavanger</addr-line>,<country>Norway</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa" sort="El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa" uniqKey="El Sayed Zaki M" first="Maysaa" last="El Sayed Zaki">Maysaa El Sayed Zaki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff80"><institution content-type="department">Department of Clinical Pathology</institution>,<institution>Mansoura University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mansoura</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Endries, Aman Yesuf" sort="Endries, Aman Yesuf" uniqKey="Endries A" first="Aman Yesuf" last="Endries">Aman Yesuf Endries</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff81"><institution content-type="department">Public Health Department</institution>,<institution>Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Addis Ababa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eskandarieh, Sharareh" sort="Eskandarieh, Sharareh" uniqKey="Eskandarieh S" first="Sharareh" last="Eskandarieh">Sharareh Eskandarieh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff82"><institution content-type="department">Multiple Sclerosis Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faro, Andre" sort="Faro, Andre" uniqKey="Faro A" first="Andre" last="Faro">Andre Faro</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff83"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychology</institution>,<institution>Federal University of Sergipe</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sao Cristovao</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Mohammad" sort="Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Mohammad" uniqKey="Fereshtehnejad S" first="Seyed-Mohammad" last="Fereshtehnejad">Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff84"><institution content-type="department">Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society</institution>,<institution>Karolinska Institutet</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Stockholm</addr-line>,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff85"><institution content-type="department">Division of Neurology</institution>,<institution>University of Ottawa</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fernandes, Eduarda" sort="Fernandes, Eduarda" uniqKey="Fernandes E" first="Eduarda" last="Fernandes">Eduarda Fernandes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff86"><institution content-type="department">REQUIMTE/LAQV</institution>,<institution>University of Porto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Porto</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Filip, Irina" sort="Filip, Irina" uniqKey="Filip I" first="Irina" last="Filip">Irina Filip</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff87"><institution content-type="department">Psychiatry Department</institution>,<institution>Kaiser Permanente</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Fontana</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">California</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff88"><institution content-type="department">School of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>A.T. Still University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mesa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Arizona</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer, Florian" sort="Fischer, Florian" uniqKey="Fischer F" first="Florian" last="Fischer">Florian Fischer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff89"><institution content-type="department">Department of Population Medicine and Health Services Research</institution>,<institution>Bielefeld University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bielefeld</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franklin, Richard Charles" sort="Franklin, Richard Charles" uniqKey="Franklin R" first="Richard Charles" last="Franklin">Richard Charles Franklin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff90"><institution content-type="department">College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Science</institution>,<institution>James Cook University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Douglas</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Queensland</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fukumoto, Takeshi" sort="Fukumoto, Takeshi" uniqKey="Fukumoto T" first="Takeshi" last="Fukumoto">Takeshi Fukumoto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff91"><institution content-type="department">Gene Expression & Regulation Program</institution>,<institution>The Wistar Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Philadelphia</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Pennsylvania</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff92"><institution content-type="department">Department of Dermatology</institution>,<institution>Kobe University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kobe</addr-line>,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gezae, Kebede Embaye" sort="Gezae, Kebede Embaye" uniqKey="Gezae K" first="Kebede Embaye" last="Gezae">Kebede Embaye Gezae</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff93"><institution content-type="department">Department of Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Mekelle University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mekelle</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gill, Tiffany K" sort="Gill, Tiffany K" uniqKey="Gill T" first="Tiffany K" last="Gill">Tiffany K. Gill</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff94"><institution content-type="department">Adelaide Medical School</institution>,<institution>University of Adelaide</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Adelaide</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">South Australia</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goulart, Alessandra C" sort="Goulart, Alessandra C" uniqKey="Goulart A" first="Alessandra C" last="Goulart">Alessandra C. Goulart</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff95"><institution content-type="department">Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research</institution>,<institution>University of São Paulo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sao Paulo</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff96"><institution content-type="department">Internal Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>University Hospital, University of São Paulo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sao Paulo</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grada, Ayman" sort="Grada, Ayman" uniqKey="Grada A" first="Ayman" last="Grada">Ayman Grada</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff97"><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Boston University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Massachusetts</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guo, Yuming" sort="Guo, Yuming" uniqKey="Guo Y" first="Yuming" last="Guo">Yuming Guo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff98"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Monash University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff99"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Zhengzhou University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Zhengzhou</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gupta, Rahul" sort="Gupta, Rahul" uniqKey="Gupta R" first="Rahul" last="Gupta">Rahul Gupta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff100"><institution>March of Dimes</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Arlington</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Virginia</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff101"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>West Virginia University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Morgantown</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">West Virginia</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haghparast Bidgoli, Hassan" sort="Haghparast Bidgoli, Hassan" uniqKey="Haghparast Bidgoli H" first="Hassan" last="Haghparast Bidgoli">Hassan Haghparast Bidgoli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff102"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Global Health</institution>,<institution>University College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haj Mirzaian, Arvin" sort="Haj Mirzaian, Arvin" uniqKey="Haj Mirzaian A" first="Arvin" last="Haj-Mirzaian">Arvin Haj-Mirzaian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff103"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacology</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff104"><institution content-type="department">Obesity Research Center</institution>,<institution>Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haj Mirzaian, Arya" sort="Haj Mirzaian, Arya" uniqKey="Haj Mirzaian A" first="Arya" last="Haj-Mirzaian">Arya Haj-Mirzaian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff103"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacology</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff105"><institution content-type="department">Department of Radiology</institution>,<institution>Johns Hopkins University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Baltimore</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Maryland</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamadeh, Randah R" sort="Hamadeh, Randah R" uniqKey="Hamadeh R" first="Randah R" last="Hamadeh">Randah R. Hamadeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff106"><institution content-type="department">Department of Family and Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Arabian Gulf University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Manama</addr-line>,<country>Bahrain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamidi, Samer" sort="Hamidi, Samer" uniqKey="Hamidi S" first="Samer" last="Hamidi">Samer Hamidi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff107"><institution content-type="department">School of Health and Environmental Studies</institution>,<institution>Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dubai</addr-line>,<country>United Arab Emirates</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haro, Josep Maria" sort="Haro, Josep Maria" uniqKey="Haro J" first="Josep Maria" last="Haro">Josep Maria Haro</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff108"><institution>Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff109"><institution content-type="department">Research and Development Unit</institution>,<institution>San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sant Boi de Llobregat</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassankhani, Hadi" sort="Hassankhani, Hadi" uniqKey="Hassankhani H" first="Hadi" last="Hassankhani">Hadi Hassankhani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff110"><institution content-type="department">School of Nursing and Midwifery</institution>,<institution>Tabriz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tabriz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff111"><institution>Independent Consultant</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tabriz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassen, Hamid Yimam" sort="Hassen, Hamid Yimam" uniqKey="Hassen H" first="Hamid Yimam" last="Hassen">Hamid Yimam Hassen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff112"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Mizan-Tepi University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Teppi</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff113"><institution content-type="department">Unit of Epidemiology and Social Medicine</institution>,<institution>University Hospital Antwerp</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wilrijk</addr-line>,<country>Belgium</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Havmoeller, Rasmus" sort="Havmoeller, Rasmus" uniqKey="Havmoeller R" first="Rasmus" last="Havmoeller">Rasmus Havmoeller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff114"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Sciences</institution>,<institution>Karolinska University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Stockholm</addr-line>,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hendrie, Delia" sort="Hendrie, Delia" uniqKey="Hendrie D" first="Delia" last="Hendrie">Delia Hendrie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff115"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Curtin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Perth</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Western Australia</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henok, Andualem" sort="Henok, Andualem" uniqKey="Henok A" first="Andualem" last="Henok">Andualem Henok</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff112"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Mizan-Tepi University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Teppi</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hijar, Martha" sort="Hijar, Martha" uniqKey="Hijar M" first="Martha" last="Híjar">Martha Híjar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff116"><institution content-type="department">Research Coordination</institution>,<institution>AC Environments Foundation</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cuernavaca</addr-line>,<country>Mexico</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff117"><institution content-type="department">CISS</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Public Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cuernavaca</addr-line>,<country>Mexico</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hole, Michael K" sort="Hole, Michael K" uniqKey="Hole M" first="Michael K" last="Hole">Michael K. Hole</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff118"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pediatrics</institution>,<institution>Dell Medical School, University of Texas Austin</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Austin</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Texas</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Homaie Rad, Enayatollah" sort="Homaie Rad, Enayatollah" uniqKey="Homaie Rad E" first="Enayatollah" last="Homaie Rad">Enayatollah Homaie Rad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff119"><institution content-type="department">Guilan Road Trauma Research Center</institution>,<institution>Guilan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rasht</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff120"><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Guilan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rasht</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hossain, Naznin" sort="Hossain, Naznin" uniqKey="Hossain N" first="Naznin" last="Hossain">Naznin Hossain</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff121"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics</institution>,<institution>Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dhaka</addr-line>,<country>Bangladesh</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff122"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacology</institution>,<institution>Bangladesh Industrial Gases Limited</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tangail</addr-line>,<country>Bangladesh</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hostiuc, Sorin" sort="Hostiuc, Sorin" uniqKey="Hostiuc S" first="Sorin" last="Hostiuc">Sorin Hostiuc</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff123"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics</institution>,<institution>Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff124"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Legal Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Guoqing" sort="Hu, Guoqing" uniqKey="Hu G" first="Guoqing" last="Hu">Guoqing Hu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff125"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics</institution>,<institution>Central South University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Changsha</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Igumbor, Ehimario U" sort="Igumbor, Ehimario U" uniqKey="Igumbor E" first="Ehimario U" last="Igumbor">Ehimario U. Igumbor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff126"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of the Western Cape</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bellville</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff127"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Walter Sisulu University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mthatha</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen" sort="Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen" uniqKey="Ilesanmi O" first="Olayinka Stephen" last="Ilesanmi">Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff128"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Ibadan</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ibadan</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi" sort="Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi" uniqKey="Irvani S" first="Seyed Sina Naghibi" last="Irvani">Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff129"><institution>Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful" sort="Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful" uniqKey="Islam S" first="Sheikh Mohammed Shariful" last="Islam">Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff130"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition</institution>,<institution>Deakin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Burwood</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff131"><institution content-type="department">Sydney Medical School</institution>,<institution>University of Sydney</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ivers, Rebecca Q" sort="Ivers, Rebecca Q" uniqKey="Ivers R" first="Rebecca Q" last="Ivers">Rebecca Q. Ivers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff132"><institution content-type="department">Injury Division</institution>,<institution>The George Institute for Global Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Newtown</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jacobsen, Kathryn H" sort="Jacobsen, Kathryn H" uniqKey="Jacobsen K" first="Kathryn H" last="Jacobsen">Kathryn H. Jacobsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff133"><institution content-type="department">Department of Global and Community Health</institution>,<institution>George Mason University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Fairfax</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Virginia</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jahanmehr, Nader" sort="Jahanmehr, Nader" uniqKey="Jahanmehr N" first="Nader" last="Jahanmehr">Nader Jahanmehr</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff134"><institution content-type="department">School of Management and Medical Education</institution>,<institution>Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff135"><institution content-type="department">Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center</institution>,<institution>Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jakovljevic, Mihajlo" sort="Jakovljevic, Mihajlo" uniqKey="Jakovljevic M" first="Mihajlo" last="Jakovljevic">Mihajlo Jakovljevic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff136"><institution content-type="department">Department for Health Care and Public Health</institution>,<institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra" sort="Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra" uniqKey="Jayatilleke A" first="Achala Upendra" last="Jayatilleke">Achala Upendra Jayatilleke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff137"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Colombo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Colombo</addr-line>,<country>Sri Lanka</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff138"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Graduate Studies</institution>,<institution>University of Colombo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Colombo</addr-line>,<country>Sri Lanka</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jha, Ravi Prakash" sort="Jha, Ravi Prakash" uniqKey="Jha R" first="Ravi Prakash" last="Jha">Ravi Prakash Jha</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff139"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Banaras Hindu University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Varanasi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jonas, Jost B" sort="Jonas, Jost B" uniqKey="Jonas J" first="Jost B" last="Jonas">Jost B. Jonas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff140"><institution content-type="department">Department of Ophthalmology</institution>,<institution>Heidelberg University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mannheim</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff141"><institution content-type="department">Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology</institution>,<institution>Beijing Tongren Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Beijing</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jorjoran Shushtari, Zahra" sort="Jorjoran Shushtari, Zahra" uniqKey="Jorjoran Shushtari Z" first="Zahra" last="Jorjoran Shushtari">Zahra Jorjoran Shushtari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff142"><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy" sort="Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy" uniqKey="Jozwiak J" first="Jacek Jerzy" last="Jozwiak">Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff143"><institution content-type="department">Department of Family Medicine and Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Opole</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Opole</addr-line>,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jurisson, Mikk" sort="Jurisson, Mikk" uniqKey="Jurisson M" first="Mikk" last="Jürisson">Mikk Jürisson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff144"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Tartu</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tartu</addr-line>,<country>Estonia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kabir, Ali" sort="Kabir, Ali" uniqKey="Kabir A" first="Ali" last="Kabir">Ali Kabir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff145"><institution content-type="department">Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kalani, Rizwan" sort="Kalani, Rizwan" uniqKey="Kalani R" first="Rizwan" last="Kalani">Rizwan Kalani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff146"><institution content-type="department">Department of Neurology</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kasaeian, Amir" sort="Kasaeian, Amir" uniqKey="Kasaeian A" first="Amir" last="Kasaeian">Amir Kasaeian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff147"><institution content-type="department">Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff148"><institution content-type="department">Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kelbore, Abraham Getachew" sort="Kelbore, Abraham Getachew" uniqKey="Kelbore A" first="Abraham Getachew" last="Kelbore">Abraham Getachew Kelbore</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff149"><institution content-type="department">Department of Dermatology</institution>,<institution>Wolaita Sodo University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wolaita Sodo</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kengne, Andre Pascal" sort="Kengne, Andre Pascal" uniqKey="Kengne A" first="Andre Pascal" last="Kengne">Andre Pascal Kengne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff150"><institution content-type="department">Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit</institution>,<institution>Medical Research Council South Africa</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff151"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Cape Town</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khader, Yousef Saleh" sort="Khader, Yousef Saleh" uniqKey="Khader Y" first="Yousef Saleh" last="Khader">Yousef Saleh Khader</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff152"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health and Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Jordan University of Science and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ramtha</addr-line>,<country>Jordan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif" sort="Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif" uniqKey="Khafaie M" first="Morteza Abdullatif" last="Khafaie">Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff153"><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ahvaz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khalid, Nauman" sort="Khalid, Nauman" uniqKey="Khalid N" first="Nauman" last="Khalid">Nauman Khalid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff154"><institution content-type="department">School of Food and Agricultural Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Management and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lahore</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khan, Ejaz Ahmad" sort="Khan, Ejaz Ahmad" uniqKey="Khan E" first="Ejaz Ahmad" last="Khan">Ejaz Ahmad Khan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff155"><institution content-type="department">Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department</institution>,<institution>Health Services Academy</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Islamabad</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khoja, Abdullah T" sort="Khoja, Abdullah T" uniqKey="Khoja A" first="Abdullah T" last="Khoja">Abdullah T. Khoja</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff156"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff157"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Policy and Management</institution>,<institution>Johns Hopkins University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Baltimore</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Maryland</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A" sort="Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A" uniqKey="Kiadaliri A" first="Aliasghar A" last="Kiadaliri">Aliasghar A. Kiadaliri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff158"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Epidemiology Unit</institution>,<institution>Lund University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lund</addr-line>,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Young Eun" sort="Kim, Young Eun" uniqKey="Kim Y" first="Young-Eun" last="Kim">Young-Eun Kim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff159"><institution content-type="department">Department of Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Korea University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seoul</addr-line>,<country>South Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Daniel" sort="Kim, Daniel" uniqKey="Kim D" first="Daniel" last="Kim">Daniel Kim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff160"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Northeastern University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Massachusetts</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kisa, Adnan" sort="Kisa, Adnan" uniqKey="Kisa A" first="Adnan" last="Kisa">Adnan Kisa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff161"><institution content-type="department">School of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Kristiania University College</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Oslo</addr-line>,<country>Norway</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koyanagi, Ai" sort="Koyanagi, Ai" uniqKey="Koyanagi A" first="Ai" last="Koyanagi">Ai Koyanagi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff162"><institution content-type="department">CIBERSAM</institution>,<institution>San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sant Boi de Llobregat</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff163"><institution>Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Barcelona</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuate Defo, Barthelemy" sort="Kuate Defo, Barthelemy" uniqKey="Kuate Defo B" first="Barthelemy" last="Kuate Defo">Barthelemy Kuate Defo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff164"><institution content-type="department">Department of Demography</institution>,<institution>University of Montreal</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Montreal</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Quebec</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff165"><institution content-type="department">Department of Social and Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Montreal</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Montreal</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Quebec</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kucuk Bicer, Burcu" sort="Kucuk Bicer, Burcu" uniqKey="Kucuk Bicer B" first="Burcu" last="Kucuk Bicer">Burcu Kucuk Bicer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff166"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Yuksek Ihtisas University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ankara</addr-line>,<country>Turkey</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff167"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Hacettepe University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ankara</addr-line>,<country>Turkey</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, Manasi" sort="Kumar, Manasi" uniqKey="Kumar M" first="Manasi" last="Kumar">Manasi Kumar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff168"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>University of Nairobi</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Nairobi</addr-line>,<country>Kenya</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff169"><institution content-type="department">Division of Psychology and Language Sciences</institution>,<institution>University College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lalloo, Ratilal" sort="Lalloo, Ratilal" uniqKey="Lalloo R" first="Ratilal" last="Lalloo">Ratilal Lalloo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff170"><institution content-type="department">School of Dentistry</institution>,<institution>The University of Queensland</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Brisbane</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Queensland</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lam, Hilton" sort="Lam, Hilton" uniqKey="Lam H" first="Hilton" last="Lam">Hilton Lam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff171"><institution>Institute of Health Policy and Development Studies, National Institutes of Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Manila</addr-line>,<country>Philippines</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lami, Faris Hasan" sort="Lami, Faris Hasan" uniqKey="Lami F" first="Faris Hasan" last="Lami">Faris Hasan Lami</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff172"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community and Family Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Baghdad</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Baghdad</addr-line>,<country>Iraq</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lansingh, Van C" sort="Lansingh, Van C" uniqKey="Lansingh V" first="Van C" last="Lansingh">Van C. Lansingh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff173"><institution>HelpMeSee</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New York City</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New York</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff174"><institution content-type="department">International Relations Department</institution>,<institution>Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Queretaro</addr-line>,<country>Mexico</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leasher, Janet L" sort="Leasher, Janet L" uniqKey="Leasher J" first="Janet L" last="Leasher">Janet L. Leasher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff175"><institution content-type="department">College of Optometry</institution>,<institution>Nova Southeastern University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Fort Lauderdale</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Florida</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Shanshan" sort="Li, Shanshan" uniqKey="Li S" first="Shanshan" last="Li">Shanshan Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff98"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Monash University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Linn, Shai" sort="Linn, Shai" uniqKey="Linn S" first="Shai" last="Linn">Shai Linn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff176"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Haifa</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Haifa</addr-line>,<country>Israel</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lunevicius, Raimundas" sort="Lunevicius, Raimundas" uniqKey="Lunevicius R" first="Raimundas" last="Lunevicius">Raimundas Lunevicius</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff177"><institution content-type="department">Department of General Surgery</institution>,<institution>Aintree University Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Liverpool</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff178"><institution content-type="department">Department of Surgery</institution>,<institution>University of Liverpool</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Liverpool</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Machado, Flavia R" sort="Machado, Flavia R" uniqKey="Machado F" first="Flavia R" last="Machado">Flavia R. Machado</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff179"><institution content-type="department">Anesthesiology, Pain and Intensive Care Department</institution>,<institution>Federal University of São Paulo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sao Paulo</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan" sort="Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan" uniqKey="Magdy Abd El Razek H" first="Hassan" last="Magdy Abd El Razek">Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff180"><institution content-type="department">Radiology Department</institution>,<institution>Mansoura Faculty of Medicine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mansoura</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed" sort="Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed" uniqKey="Magdy Abd El Razek M" first="Muhammed" last="Magdy Abd El Razek">Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff181"><institution content-type="department">Ophthalmology Department</institution>,<institution>Aswan Faculty of Medicine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Aswan</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur" sort="Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur" uniqKey="Mahotra N" first="Narayan Bahadur" last="Mahotra">Narayan Bahadur Mahotra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff182"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Tribhuvan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kathmandu</addr-line>,<country>Nepal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Majdan, Marek" sort="Majdan, Marek" uniqKey="Majdan M" first="Marek" last="Majdan">Marek Majdan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff183"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Trnava University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Trnava</addr-line>,<country>Slovakia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Majeed, Azeem" sort="Majeed, Azeem" uniqKey="Majeed A" first="Azeem" last="Majeed">Azeem Majeed</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff184"><institution content-type="department">Department of Primary Care and Public Health</institution>,<institution>Imperial College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malekzadeh, Reza" sort="Malekzadeh, Reza" uniqKey="Malekzadeh R" first="Reza" last="Malekzadeh">Reza Malekzadeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff185"><institution content-type="department">Digestive Diseases Research Institute</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff186"><institution content-type="department">Non-communicable Diseases Research Center</institution>,<institution>Shiraz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Shiraz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malik, Manzoor Ahmad" sort="Malik, Manzoor Ahmad" uniqKey="Malik M" first="Manzoor Ahmad" last="Malik">Manzoor Ahmad Malik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff187"><institution content-type="department">Department of Humanities and Social Sciences</institution>,<institution>Indian Institute of Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Roorkee</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Haridwar</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff188"><institution content-type="department">Department of Development Studies</institution>,<institution>International Institute for Population Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mumbai</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malta, Deborah Carvalho" sort="Malta, Deborah Carvalho" uniqKey="Malta D" first="Deborah Carvalho" last="Malta">Deborah Carvalho Malta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff189"><institution content-type="department">Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health</institution>,<institution>Federal University of Minas Gerais</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manda, Ana Laura" sort="Manda, Ana Laura" uniqKey="Manda A" first="Ana-Laura" last="Manda">Ana-Laura Manda</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff190"><institution content-type="department">Surgery Department</institution>,<institution>Emergency University Hospital Bucharest</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mansournia, Mohammad Ali" sort="Mansournia, Mohammad Ali" uniqKey="Mansournia M" first="Mohammad Ali" last="Mansournia">Mohammad Ali Mansournia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff191"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard" sort="Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard" uniqKey="Massenburg B" first="Benjamin Ballard" last="Massenburg">Benjamin Ballard Massenburg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff60"><institution content-type="department">Division of Plastic Surgery</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maulik, Pallab K" sort="Maulik, Pallab K" uniqKey="Maulik P" first="Pallab K" last="Maulik">Pallab K. Maulik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff192"><institution content-type="department">Research Department</institution>,<institution>The George Institute for Global Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff193"><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of New South Wales</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meheretu, Hailemariam Abiy Alemu" sort="Meheretu, Hailemariam Abiy Alemu" uniqKey="Meheretu H" first="Hailemariam Abiy Alemu" last="Meheretu">Hailemariam Abiy Alemu Meheretu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff70"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing</institution>,<institution>Debre Markos University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Debre Markos</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff194"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Bahir Dar University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bahir Dar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mehndiratta, Man Mohan" sort="Mehndiratta, Man Mohan" uniqKey="Mehndiratta M" first="Man Mohan" last="Mehndiratta">Man Mohan Mehndiratta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff195"><institution content-type="department">Neurology Department</institution>,<institution>Janakpuri Super Specialty Hospital Society</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff196"><institution content-type="department">Neurology Department</institution>,<institution>Govind Ballabh Institute of Medical Education and Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melese, Addisu" sort="Melese, Addisu" uniqKey="Melese A" first="Addisu" last="Melese">Addisu Melese</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff197"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences</institution>,<institution>Bahir Dar University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bahir Dar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mendoza, Walter" sort="Mendoza, Walter" uniqKey="Mendoza W" first="Walter" last="Mendoza">Walter Mendoza</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff198"><institution content-type="department">Peru Country Office</institution>,<institution>United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lima</addr-line>,<country>Peru</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mengesha, Melkamu Merid" sort="Mengesha, Melkamu Merid" uniqKey="Mengesha M" first="Melkamu Merid" last="Mengesha">Melkamu Merid Mengesha</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff199"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Haramaya University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Harar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meretoja, Tuomo J" sort="Meretoja, Tuomo J" uniqKey="Meretoja T" first="Tuomo J" last="Meretoja">Tuomo J. Meretoja</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff200"><institution content-type="department">Breast Surgery Unit</institution>,<institution>Helsinki University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Helsinki</addr-line>,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff201"><institution>University of Helsinki</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Helsinki</addr-line>,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meretoja, Atte" sort="Meretoja, Atte" uniqKey="Meretoja A" first="Atte" last="Meretoja">Atte Meretoja</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff202"><institution content-type="department">Neurocenter</institution>,<institution>Helsinki University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Helsinki</addr-line>,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff203"><institution content-type="department">School of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mestrovic, Tomislav" sort="Mestrovic, Tomislav" uniqKey="Mestrovic T" first="Tomislav" last="Mestrovic">Tomislav Mestrovic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff204"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit</institution>,<institution>Zora Profozic Polyclinic</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Zagreb</addr-line>,<country>Croatia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff205"><institution content-type="department">University Centre Varazdin</institution>,<institution>University North</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Varazdin</addr-line>,<country>Croatia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miazgowski, Tomasz" sort="Miazgowski, Tomasz" uniqKey="Miazgowski T" first="Tomasz" last="Miazgowski">Tomasz Miazgowski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff206"><institution content-type="department">Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases & Arterial Hypertension</institution>,<institution>Pomeranian Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Szczecin</addr-line>,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miller, Ted R" sort="Miller, Ted R" uniqKey="Miller T" first="Ted R" last="Miller">Ted R. Miller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff115"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Curtin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Perth</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Western Australia</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff207"><institution>Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Calverton</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Maryland</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mini, Gk" sort="Mini, Gk" uniqKey="Mini G" first="Gk" last="Mini">Gk Mini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff208"><institution content-type="department">Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies</institution>,<institution>Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Trivandrum</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff209"><institution>Global Institute of Public Health (GIPH), Ananthapuri Hospitals and Research Centre</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Trivandrum</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mirrakhimov, Erkin M" sort="Mirrakhimov, Erkin M" uniqKey="Mirrakhimov E" first="Erkin M" last="Mirrakhimov">Erkin M. Mirrakhimov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff210"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Internal Medicine</institution>,<institution>Kyrgyz State Medical Academy</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bishkek</addr-line>,<country>Kyrgyzstan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff211"><institution content-type="department">Department of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease</institution>,<institution>National Center of Cardiology and Internal Disease</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bishkek</addr-line>,<country>Kyrgyzstan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moazen, Babak" sort="Moazen, Babak" uniqKey="Moazen B" first="Babak" last="Moazen">Babak Moazen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff30"><institution>Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Heidelberg</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff212"><institution>Institute of Addiction Research (ISFF), Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Frankfurt</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser" sort="Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser" uniqKey="Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N" first="Naser" last="Mohammad Gholi Mezerji">Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff213"><institution content-type="department">Department of Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Hamadan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamadan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh" sort="Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh" uniqKey="Mohammadibakhsh R" first="Roghayeh" last="Mohammadibakhsh">Roghayeh Mohammadibakhsh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff214"><institution>Hamadan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamadan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohammed, Shafiu" sort="Mohammed, Shafiu" uniqKey="Mohammed S" first="Shafiu" last="Mohammed">Shafiu Mohammed</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff30"><institution>Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Heidelberg</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff215"><institution content-type="department">Health Systems and Policy Research Unit</institution>,<institution>Ahmadu Bello University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Zaria</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Molokhia, Mariam" sort="Molokhia, Mariam" uniqKey="Molokhia M" first="Mariam" last="Molokhia">Mariam Molokhia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff216"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine</institution>,<institution>King’s College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Monasta, Lorenzo" sort="Monasta, Lorenzo" uniqKey="Monasta L" first="Lorenzo" last="Monasta">Lorenzo Monasta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff217"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit</institution>,<institution>Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Trieste</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mondello, Stefania" sort="Mondello, Stefania" uniqKey="Mondello S" first="Stefania" last="Mondello">Stefania Mondello</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff218"><institution content-type="department">Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging</institution>,<institution>University of Messina</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Messina</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff219"><institution content-type="department">Department of Neurology</institution>,<institution>Oasi Research Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Troina</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Montero Zamora, Pablo A" sort="Montero Zamora, Pablo A" uniqKey="Montero Zamora P" first="Pablo A" last="Montero-Zamora">Pablo A. Montero-Zamora</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff220"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Miami</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Miami</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Florida</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff221"><institution content-type="department">Center for Health Systems Research</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Public Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cuernavaca</addr-line>,<country>Mexico</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moodley, Yoshan" sort="Moodley, Yoshan" uniqKey="Moodley Y" first="Yoshan" last="Moodley">Yoshan Moodley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff222"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of KwaZulu-Natal</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Durban</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moosazadeh, Mahmood" sort="Moosazadeh, Mahmood" uniqKey="Moosazadeh M" first="Mahmood" last="Moosazadeh">Mahmood Moosazadeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff223"><institution content-type="department">Health Sciences Research Center</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moradi, Ghobad" sort="Moradi, Ghobad" uniqKey="Moradi G" first="Ghobad" last="Moradi">Ghobad Moradi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff224"><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sanandaj</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff225"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sanandaj</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moradi Lakeh, Maziar" sort="Moradi Lakeh, Maziar" uniqKey="Moradi Lakeh M" first="Maziar" last="Moradi-Lakeh">Maziar Moradi-Lakeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff226"><institution content-type="department">Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morawska, Lidia" sort="Morawska, Lidia" uniqKey="Morawska L" first="Lidia" last="Morawska">Lidia Morawska</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff227"><institution content-type="department">International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health</institution>,<institution>Queensland University of Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Brisbane</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Queensland</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Velasquez, Ilais Moreno" sort="Velasquez, Ilais Moreno" uniqKey="Velasquez I" first="Ilais Moreno" last="Velásquez">Ilais Moreno Velásquez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff228"><institution>Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Panama City</addr-line>,<country>Panama</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morrison, Shane Douglas" sort="Morrison, Shane Douglas" uniqKey="Morrison S" first="Shane Douglas" last="Morrison">Shane Douglas Morrison</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff229"><institution content-type="department">Department of Surgery</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moschos, Marilita M" sort="Moschos, Marilita M" uniqKey="Moschos M" first="Marilita M" last="Moschos">Marilita M. Moschos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff230"><institution content-type="department">1st Department of Ophthalmology</institution>,<institution>University of Athens</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Athens</addr-line>,<country>Greece</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff231"><institution content-type="department">Biomedical Research Foundation</institution>,<institution>Academy of Athens</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Athens</addr-line>,<country>Greece</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam" sort="Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam" uniqKey="Mousavi S" first="Seyyed Meysam" last="Mousavi">Seyyed Meysam Mousavi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff232"><institution content-type="department">Health Management Reserach Center</institution>,<institution>Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff233"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Management and Economics</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Murthy, Srinivas" sort="Murthy, Srinivas" uniqKey="Murthy S" first="Srinivas" last="Murthy">Srinivas Murthy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff234"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pediatrics</institution>,<institution>University of British Columbia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Vancouver</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">British Columbia</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Musa, Kamarul Imran" sort="Musa, Kamarul Imran" uniqKey="Musa K" first="Kamarul Imran" last="Musa">Kamarul Imran Musa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff235"><institution content-type="department">School of Medical Sciences</institution>,<institution>Science University of Malaysia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kubang Kerian</addr-line>,<country>Malaysia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naik, Gurudatta" sort="Naik, Gurudatta" uniqKey="Naik G" first="Gurudatta" last="Naik">Gurudatta Naik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff236"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Alabama</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Najafi, Farid" sort="Najafi, Farid" uniqKey="Najafi F" first="Farid" last="Najafi">Farid Najafi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff237"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nangia, Vinay" sort="Nangia, Vinay" uniqKey="Nangia V" first="Vinay" last="Nangia">Vinay Nangia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff238"><institution>Suraj Eye Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Nagpur</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nascimento, Bruno Ramos" sort="Nascimento, Bruno Ramos" uniqKey="Nascimento B" first="Bruno Ramos" last="Nascimento">Bruno Ramos Nascimento</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff239"><institution>Hospital of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Federal University of Minas Gerais</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith" sort="Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith" uniqKey="Ndwandwe D" first="Duduzile Edith" last="Ndwandwe">Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff240"><institution>Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Negoi, Ionut" sort="Negoi, Ionut" uniqKey="Negoi I" first="Ionut" last="Negoi">Ionut Negoi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff64"><institution content-type="department">Department of General Surgery</institution>,<institution>Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff241"><institution content-type="department">General Surgery Department</institution>,<institution>Emergency Hospital of Bucharest</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Trang Huyen" sort="Nguyen, Trang Huyen" uniqKey="Nguyen T" first="Trang Huyen" last="Nguyen">Trang Huyen Nguyen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff242"><institution content-type="department">Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine</institution>,<institution>Nguyen Tat Thanh University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ho Chi Minh</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Son Hoang" sort="Nguyen, Son Hoang" uniqKey="Nguyen S" first="Son Hoang" last="Nguyen">Son Hoang Nguyen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff242"><institution content-type="department">Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine</institution>,<institution>Nguyen Tat Thanh University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ho Chi Minh</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Long Hoang" sort="Nguyen, Long Hoang" uniqKey="Nguyen L" first="Long Hoang" last="Nguyen">Long Hoang Nguyen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff242"><institution content-type="department">Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine</institution>,<institution>Nguyen Tat Thanh University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ho Chi Minh</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi" sort="Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi" uniqKey="Nguyen H" first="Huong Lan Thi" last="Nguyen">Huong Lan Thi Nguyen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff243"><institution>Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hanoi</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini" sort="Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini" uniqKey="Ningrum D" first="Dina Nur Anggraini" last="Ningrum">Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff244"><institution content-type="department">Public Health Department</institution>,<institution>Universitas Negeri Semarang</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kota Semarang</addr-line>,<country>Indonesia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff245"><institution>Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Taipei City</addr-line>,<country>Taiwan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nirayo, Yirga Legesse" sort="Nirayo, Yirga Legesse" uniqKey="Nirayo Y" first="Yirga Legesse" last="Nirayo">Yirga Legesse Nirayo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff246"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Pharmacy Unit</institution>,<institution>Mekelle University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mekelle</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ofori Asenso, Richard" sort="Ofori Asenso, Richard" uniqKey="Ofori Asenso R" first="Richard" last="Ofori-Asenso">Richard Ofori-Asenso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff247"><institution content-type="department">Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics</institution>,<institution>Monash University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff248"><institution>Independent Consultant</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Accra</addr-line>,<country>Ghana</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ogbo, Felix Akpojene" sort="Ogbo, Felix Akpojene" uniqKey="Ogbo F" first="Felix Akpojene" last="Ogbo">Felix Akpojene Ogbo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff249"><institution content-type="department">Translational Health Research Institute</institution>,<institution>Western Sydney University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Penrith</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oh, In Hwan" sort="Oh, In Hwan" uniqKey="Oh I" first="In-Hwan" last="Oh">In-Hwan Oh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff250"><institution content-type="department">Department of Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Kyung Hee University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dongdaemun-gu</addr-line>,<country>South Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oladimeji, Olanrewaju" sort="Oladimeji, Olanrewaju" uniqKey="Oladimeji O" first="Olanrewaju" last="Oladimeji">Olanrewaju Oladimeji</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff251"><institution content-type="department">HAST</institution>,<institution>Human Sciences Research Council</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Durban</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff252"><institution>School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Namibia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Osakhati</addr-line>,<country>Namibia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olagunju, Andrew T" sort="Olagunju, Andrew T" uniqKey="Olagunju A" first="Andrew T" last="Olagunju">Andrew T. Olagunju</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff253"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences</institution>,<institution>McMaster University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamilton</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">ON</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff254"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>University of Lagos</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lagos</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olagunju, Tinuke O" sort="Olagunju, Tinuke O" uniqKey="Olagunju T" first="Tinuke O" last="Olagunju">Tinuke O. Olagunju</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff255"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine</institution>,<institution>McMaster University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamilton</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olivares, Pedro R" sort="Olivares, Pedro R" uniqKey="Olivares P" first="Pedro R" last="Olivares">Pedro R. Olivares</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff256"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Physical Activity and Health</institution>,<institution>Autonomous University of Chile</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Talca</addr-line>,<country>Chile</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Orpana, Heather M" sort="Orpana, Heather M" uniqKey="Orpana H" first="Heather M" last="Orpana">Heather M. Orpana</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff257"><institution content-type="department">Applied Research Division</institution>,<institution>Public Health Agency of Canada</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff258"><institution content-type="department">School of Psychology</institution>,<institution>University of Ottawa</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Otstavnov, Stanislav S" sort="Otstavnov, Stanislav S" uniqKey="Otstavnov S" first="Stanislav S" last="Otstavnov">Stanislav S. Otstavnov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff259"><institution content-type="department">Analytical Center</institution>,<institution>Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dolgoprudny</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff260"><institution content-type="department">Committee for the Comprehensive Assessment of Medical Devices and Information Technology</institution>,<institution>Health Technology Assessment Association</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="P A, Mahesh" sort="P A, Mahesh" uniqKey="P A M" first="Mahesh" last="P A">Mahesh P A</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff261"><institution content-type="department">Department of Respiratory Medicine</institution>,<institution>Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Academy of Health Education and Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mysore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pakhale, Smita" sort="Pakhale, Smita" uniqKey="Pakhale S" first="Smita" last="Pakhale">Smita Pakhale</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff262"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Eun Kee" sort="Park, Eun Kee" uniqKey="Park E" first="Eun-Kee" last="Park">Eun-Kee Park</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff263"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine</institution>,<institution>Kosin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Busan</addr-line>,<country>South Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Patton, George C" sort="Patton, George C" uniqKey="Patton G" first="George C" last="Patton">George C. Patton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff264"><institution content-type="department">Department of Paediatrics</institution>,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff265"><institution content-type="department">Population Health Department</institution>,<institution>Murdoch Childrens Research Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pesudovs, Konrad" sort="Pesudovs, Konrad" uniqKey="Pesudovs K" first="Konrad" last="Pesudovs">Konrad Pesudovs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff266"><institution content-type="department">School of Optometry and Vision Science</institution>,<institution>University of New South Wales</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Phillips, Michael R" sort="Phillips, Michael R" uniqKey="Phillips M" first="Michael R" last="Phillips">Michael R. Phillips</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff267"><institution content-type="department">Shanghai Mental Health Center</institution>,<institution>Shanghai Jiao Tong University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Shanghai</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff268"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry, Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Columbia University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New York City</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New York</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polinder, Suzanne" sort="Polinder, Suzanne" uniqKey="Polinder S" first="Suzanne" last="Polinder">Suzanne Polinder</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Erasmus University Medical Center</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rotterdam</addr-line>,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prakash, Swayam" sort="Prakash, Swayam" uniqKey="Prakash S" first="Swayam" last="Prakash">Swayam Prakash</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff269"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nephrology</institution>,<institution>Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lucknow</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Radfar, Amir" sort="Radfar, Amir" uniqKey="Radfar A" first="Amir" last="Radfar">Amir Radfar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff270"><institution content-type="department">College of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Central Florida</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Orlando</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Florida</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff271"><institution content-type="department">College of Graduate Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>A.T. Still University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mesa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Arizona</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rafay, Anwar" sort="Rafay, Anwar" uniqKey="Rafay A" first="Anwar" last="Rafay">Anwar Rafay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff272"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Contech School of Public Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lahore</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rafiei, Alireza" sort="Rafiei, Alireza" uniqKey="Rafiei A" first="Alireza" last="Rafiei">Alireza Rafiei</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff273"><institution content-type="department">Department of Immunology</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff274"><institution content-type="department">Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rahimi, Siavash" sort="Rahimi, Siavash" uniqKey="Rahimi S" first="Siavash" last="Rahimi">Siavash Rahimi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff275"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rahimi Movaghar, Vafa" sort="Rahimi Movaghar, Vafa" uniqKey="Rahimi Movaghar V" first="Vafa" last="Rahimi-Movaghar">Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff276"><institution content-type="department">Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rahman, Muhammad Aziz" sort="Rahman, Muhammad Aziz" uniqKey="Rahman M" first="Muhammad Aziz" last="Rahman">Muhammad Aziz Rahman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff277"><institution content-type="department">School of Nursing and Healthcare Professions</institution>,<institution>Federation University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Heidelberg</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff278"><institution content-type="department">National Centre for Farmer Health</institution>,<institution>Deakin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Waurn Ponds</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rai, Rajesh Kumar" sort="Rai, Rajesh Kumar" uniqKey="Rai R" first="Rajesh Kumar" last="Rai">Rajesh Kumar Rai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff279"><institution>Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Suri</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff280"><institution content-type="department">Department of Economics</institution>,<institution>University of Göttingen</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Göttingen</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ramezanzadeh, Kiana" sort="Ramezanzadeh, Kiana" uniqKey="Ramezanzadeh K" first="Kiana" last="Ramezanzadeh">Kiana Ramezanzadeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff281"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacology</institution>,<institution>Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rawaf, Salman" sort="Rawaf, Salman" uniqKey="Rawaf S" first="Salman" last="Rawaf">Salman Rawaf</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff184"><institution content-type="department">Department of Primary Care and Public Health</institution>,<institution>Imperial College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff282"><institution content-type="department">Academic Public Health Department</institution>,<institution>Public Health England</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rawaf, David Laith" sort="Rawaf, David Laith" uniqKey="Rawaf D" first="David Laith" last="Rawaf">David Laith Rawaf</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff283"><institution content-type="department">WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training</institution>,<institution>Imperial College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff284"><institution>University College London Hospitals</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Renzaho, Andre M N" sort="Renzaho, Andre M N" uniqKey="Renzaho A" first="Andre M N" last="Renzaho">Andre M N. Renzaho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff249"><institution content-type="department">Translational Health Research Institute</institution>,<institution>Western Sydney University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Penrith</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff285"><institution content-type="department">School of Social Sciences and Psychology</institution>,<institution>Western Sydney University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Penrith</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Resnikoff, Serge" sort="Resnikoff, Serge" uniqKey="Resnikoff S" first="Serge" last="Resnikoff">Serge Resnikoff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff286"><institution>Brien Holden Vision Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff287"><institution>Organization for the Prevention of Blindness</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Paris</addr-line>,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rezaeian, Shahab" sort="Rezaeian, Shahab" uniqKey="Rezaeian S" first="Shahab" last="Rezaeian">Shahab Rezaeian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff288"><institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roever, Leonardo" sort="Roever, Leonardo" uniqKey="Roever L" first="Leonardo" last="Roever">Leonardo Roever</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff289"><institution content-type="department">Department of Clinical Research</institution>,<institution>Federal University of Uberlândia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Uberlândia</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ronfani, Luca" sort="Ronfani, Luca" uniqKey="Ronfani L" first="Luca" last="Ronfani">Luca Ronfani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff217"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit</institution>,<institution>Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Trieste</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roshandel, Gholamreza" sort="Roshandel, Gholamreza" uniqKey="Roshandel G" first="Gholamreza" last="Roshandel">Gholamreza Roshandel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff185"><institution content-type="department">Digestive Diseases Research Institute</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff290"><institution content-type="department">Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology</institution>,<institution>Golestan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Gorgan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sabde, Yogesh Damodar" sort="Sabde, Yogesh Damodar" uniqKey="Sabde Y" first="Yogesh Damodar" last="Sabde">Yogesh Damodar Sabde</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff291"><institution content-type="department">National Institute for Research in Environmental Health</institution>,<institution>Indian Council of Medical Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bhopal</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saddik, Basema" sort="Saddik, Basema" uniqKey="Saddik B" first="Basema" last="Saddik">Basema Saddik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff292"><institution content-type="department">College of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Sharjah</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sharjah</addr-line>,<country>United Arab Emirates</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salamati, Payman" sort="Salamati, Payman" uniqKey="Salamati P" first="Payman" last="Salamati">Payman Salamati</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff276"><institution content-type="department">Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salimi, Yahya" sort="Salimi, Yahya" uniqKey="Salimi Y" first="Yahya" last="Salimi">Yahya Salimi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff237"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff293"><institution content-type="department">Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salz, Inbal" sort="Salz, Inbal" uniqKey="Salz I" first="Inbal" last="Salz">Inbal Salz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff294"><institution content-type="department">Health and Disability Intelligence Group</institution>,<institution>Ministry of Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wellington</addr-line>,<country>New Zealand</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Samy, Abdallah M" sort="Samy, Abdallah M" uniqKey="Samy A" first="Abdallah M" last="Samy">Abdallah M. Samy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff295"><institution content-type="department">Department of Entomology</institution>,<institution>Ain Shams University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cairo</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanabria, Juan" sort="Sanabria, Juan" uniqKey="Sanabria J" first="Juan" last="Sanabria">Juan Sanabria</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff296"><institution content-type="department">Department of Surgery</institution>,<institution>Marshall University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Huntington</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">West Virginia</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff297"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Case Western Reserve University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cleveland</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ohio</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanchez Riera, Lidia" sort="Sanchez Riera, Lidia" uniqKey="Sanchez Riera L" first="Lidia" last="Sanchez Riera">Lidia Sanchez Riera</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff298"><institution content-type="department">Rheumatology Department</institution>,<institution>University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bristol</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff299"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Bone and Joint Research</institution>,<institution>University of Sydney</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Syndey</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Santric Milicevic, Milena M" sort="Santric Milicevic, Milena M" uniqKey="Santric Milicevic M" first="Milena M" last="Santric Milicevic">Milena M. Santric Milicevic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff300"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Social Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Belgrade</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Belgrade</addr-line>,<country>Serbia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff301"><institution content-type="department">Centre-School of Public Health and Health Management</institution>,<institution>University of Belgrade</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Belgrade</addr-line>,<country>Serbia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Satpathy, Maheswar" sort="Satpathy, Maheswar" uniqKey="Satpathy M" first="Maheswar" last="Satpathy">Maheswar Satpathy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff302"><institution content-type="department">UGC Centre of Advanced Study in Psychology</institution>,<institution>Utkal University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bhubaneswar</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff303"><institution>Udyam-Global Association for Sustainable Development</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bhubaneswar</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sawhney, Monika" sort="Sawhney, Monika" uniqKey="Sawhney M" first="Monika" last="Sawhney">Monika Sawhney</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff304"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of North Carolina at Charlotte</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Charlotte</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">North Carolina</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sawyer, Susan M" sort="Sawyer, Susan M" uniqKey="Sawyer S" first="Susan M" last="Sawyer">Susan M. Sawyer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff44"><institution>Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff264"><institution content-type="department">Department of Paediatrics</institution>,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saxena, Sonia" sort="Saxena, Sonia" uniqKey="Saxena S" first="Sonia" last="Saxena">Sonia Saxena</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff305"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Imperial College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saylan, Mete" sort="Saylan, Mete" uniqKey="Saylan M" first="Mete" last="Saylan">Mete Saylan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff306"><institution content-type="department">Market Access Department</institution>,<institution>Bayer</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Istanbul</addr-line>,<country>Turkey</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schneider, Ione J C" sort="Schneider, Ione J C" uniqKey="Schneider I" first="Ione J C" last="Schneider">Ione J C. Schneider</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff307"><institution content-type="department">School of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Federal University of Santa Catarina</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ararangua</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwebel, David C" sort="Schwebel, David C" uniqKey="Schwebel D" first="David C" last="Schwebel">David C. Schwebel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff308"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychology</institution>,<institution>University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Alabama</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seedat, Soraya" sort="Seedat, Soraya" uniqKey="Seedat S" first="Soraya" last="Seedat">Soraya Seedat</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff309"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>Stellenbosch University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sepanlou, Sadaf G" sort="Sepanlou, Sadaf G" uniqKey="Sepanlou S" first="Sadaf G" last="Sepanlou">Sadaf G. Sepanlou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff185"><institution content-type="department">Digestive Diseases Research Institute</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff186"><institution content-type="department">Non-communicable Diseases Research Center</institution>,<institution>Shiraz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Shiraz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shaikh, Masood Ali" sort="Shaikh, Masood Ali" uniqKey="Shaikh M" first="Masood Ali" last="Shaikh">Masood Ali Shaikh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff310"><institution>Independent Consultant</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Karachi</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shams Beyranvand, Mehran" sort="Shams Beyranvand, Mehran" uniqKey="Shams Beyranvand M" first="Mehran" last="Shams-Beyranvand">Mehran Shams-Beyranvand</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff311"><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Dezful University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dezful</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff312"><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Alborz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Karaj</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shamsizadeh, Morteza" sort="Shamsizadeh, Morteza" uniqKey="Shamsizadeh M" first="Morteza" last="Shamsizadeh">Morteza Shamsizadeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff313"><institution content-type="department">Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center</institution>,<institution>Hamadan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamadan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sharif Alhoseini, Mahdi" sort="Sharif Alhoseini, Mahdi" uniqKey="Sharif Alhoseini M" first="Mahdi" last="Sharif-Alhoseini">Mahdi Sharif-Alhoseini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff276"><institution content-type="department">Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sheikh, Aziz" sort="Sheikh, Aziz" uniqKey="Sheikh A" first="Aziz" last="Sheikh">Aziz Sheikh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff314"><institution content-type="department">Centre for Medical Informatics</institution>,<institution>University of Edinburgh</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Edinburgh</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff315"><institution content-type="department">Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care</institution>,<institution>Harvard University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Massachusetts</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shen, Jiabin" sort="Shen, Jiabin" uniqKey="Shen J" first="Jiabin" last="Shen">Jiabin Shen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff316"><institution content-type="department">Center for Pediatric Trauma Research</institution>,<institution>Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Columbus</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ohio</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shigematsu, Mika" sort="Shigematsu, Mika" uniqKey="Shigematsu M" first="Mika" last="Shigematsu">Mika Shigematsu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff317"><institution>National Institute of Infectious Diseases</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tokyo</addr-line>,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shiri, Rahman" sort="Shiri, Rahman" uniqKey="Shiri R" first="Rahman" last="Shiri">Rahman Shiri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff318"><institution>Finnish Institute of Occupational Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Helsinki</addr-line>,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shiue, Ivy" sort="Shiue, Ivy" uniqKey="Shiue I" first="Ivy" last="Shiue">Ivy Shiue</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff319"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Medical Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Halle</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silva, Joao Pedro" sort="Silva, Joao Pedro" uniqKey="Silva J" first="João Pedro" last="Silva">João Pedro Silva</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff53"><institution content-type="department">UCIBIO</institution>,<institution>University of Porto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Porto</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, Jasvinder A" sort="Singh, Jasvinder A" uniqKey="Singh J" first="Jasvinder A" last="Singh">Jasvinder A. Singh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff320"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Alabama</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff321"><institution content-type="department">Medicine Service</institution>,<institution>US Department of Veteran Affairs</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Alabama</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sinha, Dhirendra Narain" sort="Sinha, Dhirendra Narain" uniqKey="Sinha D" first="Dhirendra Narain" last="Sinha">Dhirendra Narain Sinha</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff322"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>School of Preventive Oncology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Patna</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff323"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mumbai</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soares Filho, Adauto Martins" sort="Soares Filho, Adauto Martins" uniqKey="Soares Filho A" first="Adauto Martins" last="Soares Filho">Adauto Martins Soares Filho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff324"><institution content-type="department">Department of Diseases and Noncommunicable Diseases and Health Promotion</institution>,<institution>Federal Ministry of Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Brasilia</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soriano, Joan B" sort="Soriano, Joan B" uniqKey="Soriano J" first="Joan B" last="Soriano">Joan B. Soriano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff325"><institution>Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Autonomous University of Madrid</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff326"><institution>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soshnikov, Sergey" sort="Soshnikov, Sergey" uniqKey="Soshnikov S" first="Sergey" last="Soshnikov">Sergey Soshnikov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff327"><institution content-type="department">Department of Research Development</institution>,<institution>Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of the Ministry of Health (FRIHOI)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soyiri, Ireneous N" sort="Soyiri, Ireneous N" uniqKey="Soyiri I" first="Ireneous N" last="Soyiri">Ireneous N. Soyiri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff328"><institution content-type="department">Hull York Medical School</institution>,<institution>University of Hull</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hull City</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff329"><institution content-type="department">Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics</institution>,<institution>University of Edinburgh</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Edinburgh</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Starodubov, Vladimir I" sort="Starodubov, Vladimir I" uniqKey="Starodubov V" first="Vladimir I" last="Starodubov">Vladimir I. Starodubov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff330"><institution>Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of the Ministry of Health (FRIHOI)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stein, Dan J" sort="Stein, Dan J" uniqKey="Stein D" first="Dan J" last="Stein">Dan J. Stein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff323"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mumbai</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff331"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health</institution>,<institution>University of Cape Town</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stokes, Mark A" sort="Stokes, Mark A" uniqKey="Stokes M" first="Mark A" last="Stokes">Mark A. Stokes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff332"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychology</institution>,<institution>Deakin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Burwood</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sufiyan, Mu Awiyyah Babale" sort="Sufiyan, Mu Awiyyah Babale" uniqKey="Sufiyan M" first="Mu'Awiyyah Babale" last="Sufiyan">Mu'Awiyyah Babale Sufiyan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff333"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Ahmadu Bello University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Zaria</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sunshine, Jacob E" sort="Sunshine, Jacob E" uniqKey="Sunshine J" first="Jacob E" last="Sunshine">Jacob E. Sunshine</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff334"><institution content-type="department">Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sykes, Bryan L" sort="Sykes, Bryan L" uniqKey="Sykes B" first="Bryan L" last="Sykes">Bryan L. Sykes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff335"><institution content-type="department">Department of Criminology, Law and Society</institution>,<institution>University of California Irvine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Irvine</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">California</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tabares Seisdedos, Rafael" sort="Tabares Seisdedos, Rafael" uniqKey="Tabares Seisdedos R" first="Rafael" last="Tabarés-Seisdedos">Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff336"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Valencia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Valencia</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff337"><institution>Carlos III Health Institute, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tabb, Karen M" sort="Tabb, Karen M" uniqKey="Tabb K" first="Karen M" last="Tabb">Karen M. Tabb</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff338"><institution content-type="department">School of Social Work</institution>,<institution>University of Illinois</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Urbana</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Illinois</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tehrani Banihashemi, Arash" sort="Tehrani Banihashemi, Arash" uniqKey="Tehrani Banihashemi A" first="Arash" last="Tehrani-Banihashemi">Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff226"><institution content-type="department">Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff339"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tessema, Gizachew Assefa" sort="Tessema, Gizachew Assefa" uniqKey="Tessema G" first="Gizachew Assefa" last="Tessema">Gizachew Assefa Tessema</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff340"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Gondar</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Gondar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff341"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Adelaide</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Adelaide</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">South Australia</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thakur, Jarnail Singh" sort="Thakur, Jarnail Singh" uniqKey="Thakur J" first="Jarnail Singh" last="Thakur">Jarnail Singh Thakur</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff342"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Chandigarh</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tran, Khanh Bao" sort="Tran, Khanh Bao" uniqKey="Tran K" first="Khanh Bao" last="Tran">Khanh Bao Tran</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff343"><institution content-type="department">Molecular Medicine and Pathology Department</institution>,<institution>University of Auckland</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Auckland</addr-line>,<country>New Zealand</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff344"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Hematology and Toxicology</institution>,<institution>Military Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hanoi</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tran, Bach Xuan" sort="Tran, Bach Xuan" uniqKey="Tran B" first="Bach Xuan" last="Tran">Bach Xuan Tran</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff345"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Economics</institution>,<institution>Hanoi Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hanoi</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tudor Car, Lorainne" sort="Tudor Car, Lorainne" uniqKey="Tudor Car L" first="Lorainne" last="Tudor Car">Lorainne Tudor Car</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff346"><institution content-type="department">Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Nanyang Technological University</institution>,<country>Singapore</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uthman, Olalekan A" sort="Uthman, Olalekan A" uniqKey="Uthman O" first="Olalekan A" last="Uthman">Olalekan A. Uthman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff347"><institution content-type="department">Division of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Warwick</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Coventry</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uzochukwu, Benjamin S Chudi" sort="Uzochukwu, Benjamin S Chudi" uniqKey="Uzochukwu B" first="Benjamin S Chudi" last="Uzochukwu">Benjamin S Chudi Uzochukwu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff348"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Nigeria Nsukka</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Enugu</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valdez, Pascual R" sort="Valdez, Pascual R" uniqKey="Valdez P" first="Pascual R" last="Valdez">Pascual R. Valdez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff349"><institution>Argentine Society of Medicine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Buenos Aires</addr-line>,<country>Argentina</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff350"><institution>Velez Sarsfield Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Buenos Aires</addr-line>,<country>Argentina</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Varavikova, Elena" sort="Varavikova, Elena" uniqKey="Varavikova E" first="Elena" last="Varavikova">Elena Varavikova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff351"><institution content-type="department">Central Research Institute of Cytology and Genetics</institution>,<institution>Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of the Ministry of Health (FRIHOI)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales" sort="Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales" uniqKey="Vasconcelos A" first="Ana Maria Nogales" last="Vasconcelos">Ana Maria Nogales Vasconcelos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff352"><institution content-type="department">Department of Statistics</institution>,<institution>University of Brasília</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Brasília</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff353"><institution content-type="department">Directorate of Social Studies and Policies</institution>,<institution>Federal District Planning Company</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Brasília</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy" sort="Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy" uniqKey="Venketasubramanian N" first="Narayanaswamy" last="Venketasubramanian">Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff354"><institution content-type="department">Raffles Neuroscience Centre</institution>,<institution>Raffles Hospital</institution>,<country>Singapore</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff355"><institution content-type="department">Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>National University of Singapore</institution>,<country>Singapore</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Violante, Francesco S" sort="Violante, Francesco S" uniqKey="Violante F" first="Francesco S" last="Violante">Francesco S. Violante</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff356"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Bologna</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bologna</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff357"><institution content-type="department">Occupational Health Unit</institution>,<institution>Sant’Orsola Malpighi Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bologna</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vlassov, Vasily" sort="Vlassov, Vasily" uniqKey="Vlassov V" first="Vasily" last="Vlassov">Vasily Vlassov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff358"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Care Administration and Economics</institution>,<institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waheed, Yasir" sort="Waheed, Yasir" uniqKey="Waheed Y" first="Yasir" last="Waheed">Yasir Waheed</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff359"><institution content-type="department">Foundation University Medical College</institution>,<institution>Foundation University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Islamabad</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Yuan Pang" sort="Wang, Yuan Pang" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yuan-Pang" last="Wang">Yuan-Pang Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff360"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>University of São Paulo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">São Paulo</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wijeratne, Tissa" sort="Wijeratne, Tissa" uniqKey="Wijeratne T" first="Tissa" last="Wijeratne">Tissa Wijeratne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff361"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychology and Counselling</institution>,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff362"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">St Albans</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Winkler, Andrea Sylvia" sort="Winkler, Andrea Sylvia" uniqKey="Winkler A" first="Andrea Sylvia" last="Winkler">Andrea Sylvia Winkler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff363"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Health and Society</institution>,<institution>University of Oslo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Oslo</addr-line>,<country>Norway</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff364"><institution content-type="department">Department of Neurology</institution>,<institution>Technical University of Munich</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Munich</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yadav, Priyanka" sort="Yadav, Priyanka" uniqKey="Yadav P" first="Priyanka" last="Yadav">Priyanka Yadav</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff365"><institution content-type="department">Centre for the Study of Regional Development</institution>,<institution>Jawahar Lal Nehru University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yano, Yuichiro" sort="Yano, Yuichiro" uniqKey="Yano Y" first="Yuichiro" last="Yano">Yuichiro Yano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff366"><institution content-type="department">Department of Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Northwestern University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Chicago</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Illinois</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yenesew, Muluken Azage" sort="Yenesew, Muluken Azage" uniqKey="Yenesew M" first="Muluken Azage" last="Yenesew">Muluken Azage Yenesew</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff194"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Bahir Dar University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bahir Dar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yip, Paul" sort="Yip, Paul" uniqKey="Yip P" first="Paul" last="Yip">Paul Yip</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff367"><institution content-type="department">Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention</institution>,<institution>University of Hong Kong</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hong Kong</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff368"><institution content-type="department">Department of Social Work and Social Administration</institution>,<institution>University of Hong Kong</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hong Kong</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yisma, Engida" sort="Yisma, Engida" uniqKey="Yisma E" first="Engida" last="Yisma">Engida Yisma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff369"><institution content-type="department">School of Allied Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Addis Ababa University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Addis Ababa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yonemoto, Naohiro" sort="Yonemoto, Naohiro" uniqKey="Yonemoto N" first="Naohiro" last="Yonemoto">Naohiro Yonemoto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff370"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychopharmacology</institution>,<institution>National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tokyo</addr-line>,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Younis, Mustafa Z" sort="Younis, Mustafa Z" uniqKey="Younis M" first="Mustafa Z" last="Younis">Mustafa Z. Younis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff371"><institution content-type="department">Health Economics & Finance</institution>,<institution>Jackson State University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jackson</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Mississippi</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff372"><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Tsinghua University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Beijing</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, Chuanhua" sort="Yu, Chuanhua" uniqKey="Yu C" first="Chuanhua" last="Yu">Chuanhua Yu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff373"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Wuhan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wuhan</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff374"><institution content-type="department">Global Health Institute</institution>,<institution>Wuhan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wuhan</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zafar, Shamsa" sort="Zafar, Shamsa" uniqKey="Zafar S" first="Shamsa" last="Zafar">Shamsa Zafar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff375"><institution content-type="department">Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology</institution>,<institution>A.C.S. Medical College and Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Islamabad</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zaidi, Zoubida" sort="Zaidi, Zoubida" uniqKey="Zaidi Z" first="Zoubida" last="Zaidi">Zoubida Zaidi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff376"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>University Hospital of Setif</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Setif</addr-line>,<country>Algeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zaman, Sojib Bin" sort="Zaman, Sojib Bin" uniqKey="Zaman S" first="Sojib Bin" last="Zaman">Sojib Bin Zaman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff377"><institution content-type="department">Maternal and Child Health Division</institution>,<institution>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dhaka</addr-line>,<country>Bangladesh</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff378"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Monash University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zamani, Mohammad" sort="Zamani, Mohammad" uniqKey="Zamani M" first="Mohammad" last="Zamani">Mohammad Zamani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff379"><institution content-type="department">Student Research Committee</institution>,<institution>Babol University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Babol</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Yong" sort="Zhao, Yong" uniqKey="Zhao Y" first="Yong" last="Zhao">Yong Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff380"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health and Management</institution>,<institution>Chongqing Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Chongqing</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zodpey, Sanjay" sort="Zodpey, Sanjay" uniqKey="Zodpey S" first="Sanjay" last="Zodpey">Sanjay Zodpey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff381"><institution content-type="department">Indian Institute of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Public Health Foundation of India</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Gurugram</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hay, Simon I" sort="Hay, Simon I" uniqKey="Hay S" first="Simon I" last="Hay">Simon I. Hay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff382"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lopez, Alan D" sort="Lopez, Alan D" uniqKey="Lopez A" first="Alan D" last="Lopez">Alan D. Lopez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff383"><institution>University of Melbourne</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Queensland</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mokdad, Ali H" sort="Mokdad, Ali H" uniqKey="Mokdad A" first="Ali H" last="Mokdad">Ali H. Mokdad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff382"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vos, Theo" sort="Vos, Theo" uniqKey="Vos T" first="Theo" last="Vos">Theo Vos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff382"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">31915273</idno><idno type="pmc">7571356</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7571356</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7571356</idno><idno type="doi">10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043296</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000196</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000196</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Burden of injury along the development spectrum: associations between the Socio-demographic Index and disability-adjusted life year estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017</title><author><name sortKey="Haagsma, Juanita A" sort="Haagsma, Juanita A" uniqKey="Haagsma J" first="Juanita A" last="Haagsma">Juanita A. Haagsma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Erasmus University Medical Center</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rotterdam</addr-line>,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="James, Spencer L" sort="James, Spencer L" uniqKey="James S" first="Spencer L" last="James">Spencer L. James</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Castle, Chris D" sort="Castle, Chris D" uniqKey="Castle C" first="Chris D" last="Castle">Chris D. Castle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dingels, Zachary V" sort="Dingels, Zachary V" uniqKey="Dingels Z" first="Zachary V" last="Dingels">Zachary V. Dingels</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fox, Jack T" sort="Fox, Jack T" uniqKey="Fox J" first="Jack T" last="Fox">Jack T. Fox</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamilton, Erin B" sort="Hamilton, Erin B" uniqKey="Hamilton E" first="Erin B" last="Hamilton">Erin B. Hamilton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Zichen" sort="Liu, Zichen" uniqKey="Liu Z" first="Zichen" last="Liu">Zichen Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lucchesi, Lydia R" sort="Lucchesi, Lydia R" uniqKey="Lucchesi L" first="Lydia R" last="Lucchesi">Lydia R. Lucchesi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roberts, Nicholas L S" sort="Roberts, Nicholas L S" uniqKey="Roberts N" first="Nicholas L S" last="Roberts">Nicholas L S. Roberts</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sylte, Dillon O" sort="Sylte, Dillon O" uniqKey="Sylte D" first="Dillon O" last="Sylte">Dillon O. Sylte</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adebayo, Oladimeji M" sort="Adebayo, Oladimeji M" uniqKey="Adebayo O" first="Oladimeji M" last="Adebayo">Oladimeji M. Adebayo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University College Hospital Ibadan</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ibadan</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmadi, Alireza" sort="Ahmadi, Alireza" uniqKey="Ahmadi A" first="Alireza" last="Ahmadi">Alireza Ahmadi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution content-type="department">Department of Anesthesiology</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmed, Muktar Beshir" sort="Ahmed, Muktar Beshir" uniqKey="Ahmed M" first="Muktar Beshir" last="Ahmed">Muktar Beshir Ahmed</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Jimma University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jimma</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine" sort="Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine" uniqKey="Aichour M" first="Miloud Taki Eddine" last="Aichour">Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>Higher National School of Veterinary Medicine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Algiers</addr-line>,<country>Algeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alahdab, Fares" sort="Alahdab, Fares" uniqKey="Alahdab F" first="Fares" last="Alahdab">Fares Alahdab</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"><institution content-type="department">Evidence Based Practice Center</institution>,<institution>Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rochester</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Minnesota</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alghnam, Suliman A" sort="Alghnam, Suliman A" uniqKey="Alghnam S" first="Suliman A" last="Alghnam">Suliman A. Alghnam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"><institution content-type="department">Department of Population Health Research</institution>,<institution>King Abdullah International Medical Research Center</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aljunid, Syed Mohamed" sort="Aljunid, Syed Mohamed" uniqKey="Aljunid S" first="Syed Mohamed" last="Aljunid">Syed Mohamed Aljunid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Policy and Management</institution>,<institution>Kuwait University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Safat</addr-line>,<country>Kuwait</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10"><institution content-type="department">International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding</institution>,<institution>National University of Malaysia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bandar Tun Razak</addr-line>,<country>Malaysia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Raddadi, Rajaa M" sort="Al Raddadi, Rajaa M" uniqKey="Al Raddadi R" first="Rajaa M" last="Al-Raddadi">Rajaa M. Al-Raddadi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff11"><institution content-type="department">Department of Family and Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>King Abdulaziz University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jeddah</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alsharif, Ubai" sort="Alsharif, Ubai" uniqKey="Alsharif U" first="Ubai" last="Alsharif">Ubai Alsharif</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12"><institution content-type="department">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery</institution>,<institution>University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bochum</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Altirkawi, Khalid" sort="Altirkawi, Khalid" uniqKey="Altirkawi K" first="Khalid" last="Altirkawi">Khalid Altirkawi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13"><institution>King Saud University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anjomshoa, Mina" sort="Anjomshoa, Mina" uniqKey="Anjomshoa M" first="Mina" last="Anjomshoa">Mina Anjomshoa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14"><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rafsanjan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Antonio, Carl Abelardo T" sort="Antonio, Carl Abelardo T" uniqKey="Antonio C" first="Carl Abelardo T" last="Antonio">Carl Abelardo T. Antonio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff15"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Policy and Administration</institution>,<institution>University of the Philippines Manila</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Manila</addr-line>,<country>Philippines</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff16"><institution content-type="department">Department of Applied Social Sciences</institution>,<institution>Hong Kong Polytechnic University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hong Kong</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw" sort="Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw" uniqKey="Appiah S" first="Seth Christopher Yaw" last="Appiah">Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff17"><institution content-type="department">Department of Sociology and Social Work</institution>,<institution>Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kumasi</addr-line>,<country>Ghana</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff18"><institution content-type="department">Center for International Health</institution>,<institution>Ludwig Maximilians University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Munich</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aremu, Olatunde" sort="Aremu, Olatunde" uniqKey="Aremu O" first="Olatunde" last="Aremu">Olatunde Aremu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff19"><institution content-type="department">School of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Birmingham City University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arora, Amit" sort="Arora, Amit" uniqKey="Arora A" first="Amit" last="Arora">Amit Arora</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff20"><institution content-type="department">School of Science and Health</institution>,<institution>Western Sydney University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff21"><institution content-type="department">Oral Health Services</institution>,<institution>Sydney Local Health District</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asayesh, Hamid" sort="Asayesh, Hamid" uniqKey="Asayesh H" first="Hamid" last="Asayesh">Hamid Asayesh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff22"><institution>Qom University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Qom</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Assadi, Reza" sort="Assadi, Reza" uniqKey="Assadi R" first="Reza" last="Assadi">Reza Assadi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff23"><institution content-type="department">Education Development Center</institution>,<institution>Mashhad University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mashhad</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Awasthi, Ashish" sort="Awasthi, Ashish" uniqKey="Awasthi A" first="Ashish" last="Awasthi">Ashish Awasthi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff24"><institution>Indian Institute of Public Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Gandhinagar</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina" sort="Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina" uniqKey="Ayala Quintanilla B" first="Beatriz Paulina" last="Ayala Quintanilla">Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff25"><institution content-type="department">The Judith Lumley Centre</institution>,<institution>La Trobe University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff26"><institution content-type="department">General Office for Research and Technological Transfer</institution>,<institution>Peruvian National Institute of Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lima</addr-line>,<country>Peru</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balalla, Shivanthi" sort="Balalla, Shivanthi" uniqKey="Balalla S" first="Shivanthi" last="Balalla">Shivanthi Balalla</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff27"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Auckland University of Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Auckland</addr-line>,<country>New Zealand</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Banstola, Amrit" sort="Banstola, Amrit" uniqKey="Banstola A" first="Amrit" last="Banstola">Amrit Banstola</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff28"><institution content-type="department">Department of Research</institution>,<institution>Public Health Perspective Nepal</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Pokhara-Lekhnath Metropolitan City</addr-line>,<country>Nepal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barker Collo, Suzanne Lyn" sort="Barker Collo, Suzanne Lyn" uniqKey="Barker Collo S" first="Suzanne Lyn" last="Barker-Collo">Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff29"><institution content-type="department">School of Psychology</institution>,<institution>University of Auckland</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Auckland</addr-line>,<country>New Zealand</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="B Rnighausen, Till Winfried" sort="B Rnighausen, Till Winfried" uniqKey="B Rnighausen T" first="Till Winfried" last="B Rnighausen">Till Winfried B Rnighausen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff30"><institution>Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Heidelberg</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff31"><institution content-type="department">T.H. Chan School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Harvard University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Massachusetts</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bazargan Hejazi, Shahrzad" sort="Bazargan Hejazi, Shahrzad" uniqKey="Bazargan Hejazi S" first="Shahrzad" last="Bazargan-Hejazi">Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff32"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Los Angeles</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">California</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff33"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences</institution>,<institution>David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Los Angeles</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">California</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bedi, Neeraj" sort="Bedi, Neeraj" uniqKey="Bedi N" first="Neeraj" last="Bedi">Neeraj Bedi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff34"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Gandhi Medical College Bhopal</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bhopal</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Behzadifar, Masoud" sort="Behzadifar, Masoud" uniqKey="Behzadifar M" first="Masoud" last="Behzadifar">Masoud Behzadifar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff35"><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Lorestan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Khorramabad</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Behzadifar, Meysam" sort="Behzadifar, Meysam" uniqKey="Behzadifar M" first="Meysam" last="Behzadifar">Meysam Behzadifar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff36"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Lorestan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Khorramabad</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Benjet, Corina" sort="Benjet, Corina" uniqKey="Benjet C" first="Corina" last="Benjet">Corina Benjet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff37"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Psychosocial Research</institution>,<institution>Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mexico City</addr-line>,<country>Mexico</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bennett, Derrick A" sort="Bennett, Derrick A" uniqKey="Bennett D" first="Derrick A" last="Bennett">Derrick A. Bennett</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff38"><institution content-type="department">Nuffield Department of Population Health</institution>,<institution>University of Oxford</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Oxford</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bensenor, Isabela M" sort="Bensenor, Isabela M" uniqKey="Bensenor I" first="Isabela M" last="Bensenor">Isabela M. Bensenor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff39"><institution content-type="department">Department of Internal Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of São Paulo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">São Paulo</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bhaumik, Soumyadeep" sort="Bhaumik, Soumyadeep" uniqKey="Bhaumik S" first="Soumyadeep" last="Bhaumik">Soumyadeep Bhaumik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff40"><institution>The George Institute for Global Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bhutta, Zulfiqar A" sort="Bhutta, Zulfiqar A" uniqKey="Bhutta Z" first="Zulfiqar A" last="Bhutta">Zulfiqar A. Bhutta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff41"><institution content-type="department">Centre for Global Child Health</institution>,<institution>The Hospital for Sick Children</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Toronto</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff42"><institution content-type="department">Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health</institution>,<institution>Aga Khan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Karachi</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bijani, Ali" sort="Bijani, Ali" uniqKey="Bijani A" first="Ali" last="Bijani">Ali Bijani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff43"><institution>Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Babol</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borges, Guilherme" sort="Borges, Guilherme" uniqKey="Borges G" first="Guilherme" last="Borges">Guilherme Borges</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff37"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Psychosocial Research</institution>,<institution>Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mexico City</addr-line>,<country>Mexico</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borschmann, Rohan" sort="Borschmann, Rohan" uniqKey="Borschmann R" first="Rohan" last="Borschmann">Rohan Borschmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff44"><institution>Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff45"><institution content-type="department">School of Population and Global Health</institution>,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bose, Dipan" sort="Bose, Dipan" uniqKey="Bose D" first="Dipan" last="Bose">Dipan Bose</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff46"><institution content-type="department">Transport & Digital Development</institution>,<institution>World Bank</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Washington</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">District of Columbia</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boufous, Soufiane" sort="Boufous, Soufiane" uniqKey="Boufous S" first="Soufiane" last="Boufous">Soufiane Boufous</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff47"><institution content-type="department">Transport and Road Safety (TARS) Research Department</institution>,<institution>University of New South Wales</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brazinova, Alexandra" sort="Brazinova, Alexandra" uniqKey="Brazinova A" first="Alexandra" last="Brazinova">Alexandra Brazinova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff48"><institution>Institute of Epidemiology, Comenius University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bratislava</addr-line>,<country>Slovakia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar" sort="Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar" uniqKey="Campuzano Rincon J" first="Julio Cesar" last="Campuzano Rincon">Julio Cesar Campuzano Rincon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff49"><institution>National Institute of Public Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cuernavaca</addr-line>,<country>Mexico</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff50"><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of the Valley of Cuernavaca</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cuernavaca</addr-line>,<country>Mexico</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cardenas, Rosario" sort="Cardenas, Rosario" uniqKey="Cardenas R" first="Rosario" last="Cárdenas">Rosario Cárdenas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff51"><institution content-type="department">Department of Population and Health</institution>,<institution>Metropolitan Autonomous University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mexico City</addr-line>,<country>Mexico</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carrero, Juan J" sort="Carrero, Juan J" uniqKey="Carrero J" first="Juan J" last="Carrero">Juan J. Carrero</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff52"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Karolinska Institutet</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Stockholm</addr-line>,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carvalho, Felix" sort="Carvalho, Felix" uniqKey="Carvalho F" first="Félix" last="Carvalho">Félix Carvalho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff53"><institution content-type="department">UCIBIO</institution>,<institution>University of Porto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Porto</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Casta Eda Orjuela, Carlos A" sort="Casta Eda Orjuela, Carlos A" uniqKey="Casta Eda Orjuela C" first="Carlos A" last="Casta Eda-Orjuela">Carlos A. Casta Eda-Orjuela</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff54"><institution content-type="department">Colombian National Health Observatory</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bogota</addr-line>,<country>Colombia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff55"><institution content-type="department">Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group</institution>,<institution>National University of Colombia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bogota</addr-line>,<country>Colombia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Catala L Pez, Ferran" sort="Catala L Pez, Ferran" uniqKey="Catala L Pez F" first="Ferrán" last="Catalá-L Pez">Ferrán Catalá-L Pez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff56"><institution content-type="department">National School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Carlos III Health Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff57"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Epidemiology Program</institution>,<institution>Ottawa Hospital Research Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Choi, Jee Young J" sort="Choi, Jee Young J" uniqKey="Choi J" first="Jee-Young J" last="Choi">Jee-Young J. Choi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff58"><institution content-type="department">Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Science</institution>,<institution>Seoul National University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seoul</addr-line>,<country>South Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Christopher, Devasahayam J" sort="Christopher, Devasahayam J" uniqKey="Christopher D" first="Devasahayam J" last="Christopher">Devasahayam J. Christopher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff59"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pulmonary Medicine</institution>,<institution>Christian Medical College and Hospital (CMC)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Vellore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crowe, Christopher Stephen" sort="Crowe, Christopher Stephen" uniqKey="Crowe C" first="Christopher Stephen" last="Crowe">Christopher Stephen Crowe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff60"><institution content-type="department">Division of Plastic Surgery</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dalal, Koustuv" sort="Dalal, Koustuv" uniqKey="Dalal K" first="Koustuv" last="Dalal">Koustuv Dalal</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff61"><institution>Institute of Public Health Kalyani</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kalyani</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff62"><institution content-type="department">School of Health Science</institution>,<institution>Orebro University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Orebro</addr-line>,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Daryani, Ahmad" sort="Daryani, Ahmad" uniqKey="Daryani A" first="Ahmad" last="Daryani">Ahmad Daryani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff63"><institution content-type="department">Toxoplasmosis Research Center</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil" sort="Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil" uniqKey="Davitoiu D" first="Dragos Virgil" last="Davitoiu">Dragos Virgil Davitoiu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff64"><institution content-type="department">Department of General Surgery</institution>,<institution>Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff65"><institution content-type="department">Department of Surgery</institution>,<institution>Clinical Emergency Hospital Sf. Pantelimon</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Degenhardt, Louisa" sort="Degenhardt, Louisa" uniqKey="Degenhardt L" first="Louisa" last="Degenhardt">Louisa Degenhardt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff66"><institution content-type="department">National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre</institution>,<institution>University of New South Wales</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Leo, Diego" sort="De Leo, Diego" uniqKey="De Leo D" first="Diego" last="De Leo">Diego De Leo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff67"><institution>Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mount Gravatt</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Queensland</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Neve, Jan Walter" sort="De Neve, Jan Walter" uniqKey="De Neve J" first="Jan-Walter" last="De Neve">Jan-Walter De Neve</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff30"><institution>Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Heidelberg</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deribe, Kebede" sort="Deribe, Kebede" uniqKey="Deribe K" first="Kebede" last="Deribe">Kebede Deribe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff68"><institution content-type="department">Department of Global Health and Infection</institution>,<institution>Brighton and Sussex Medical School</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Brighton</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff69"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Addis Ababa University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Addis Ababa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dessie, Getenet Ayalew" sort="Dessie, Getenet Ayalew" uniqKey="Dessie G" first="Getenet Ayalew" last="Dessie">Getenet Ayalew Dessie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff70"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing</institution>,<institution>Debre Markos University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Debre Markos</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deveber, Gabrielle Aline" sort="Deveber, Gabrielle Aline" uniqKey="Deveber G" first="Gabrielle Aline" last="Deveber">Gabrielle Aline Deveber</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff71"><institution content-type="department">Centre for Global Child Health</institution>,<institution>The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Toronto</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda" sort="Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda" uniqKey="Dharmaratne S" first="Samath Dhamminda" last="Dharmaratne">Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff72"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Peradeniya</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Peradeniya</addr-line>,<country>Sri Lanka</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doan, Linh Phuong" sort="Doan, Linh Phuong" uniqKey="Doan L" first="Linh Phuong" last="Doan">Linh Phuong Doan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff73"><institution content-type="department">Center of Excellence in Health Service Management</institution>,<institution>Nguyen Tat Thanh University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ho Chi Minh</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dolan, Kate A" sort="Dolan, Kate A" uniqKey="Dolan K" first="Kate A" last="Dolan">Kate A. Dolan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff74"><institution>University of New South Wales</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Driscoll, Tim Robert" sort="Driscoll, Tim Robert" uniqKey="Driscoll T" first="Tim Robert" last="Driscoll">Tim Robert Driscoll</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff75"><institution content-type="department">Sydney School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Sydney</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dubey, Manisha" sort="Dubey, Manisha" uniqKey="Dubey M" first="Manisha" last="Dubey">Manisha Dubey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff76"><institution>United Nations World Food Programme</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="El Khatib, Ziad" sort="El Khatib, Ziad" uniqKey="El Khatib Z" first="Ziad" last="El-Khatib">Ziad El-Khatib</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff77"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Karolinska Institutet</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Stockholm</addr-line>,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff78"><institution content-type="department">World Health Programme</institution>,<institution>Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rouyn-Noranda</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Quebec</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ellingsen, Christian Lycke" sort="Ellingsen, Christian Lycke" uniqKey="Ellingsen C" first="Christian Lycke" last="Ellingsen">Christian Lycke Ellingsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff79"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pathology</institution>,<institution>Stavanger University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Stavanger</addr-line>,<country>Norway</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa" sort="El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa" uniqKey="El Sayed Zaki M" first="Maysaa" last="El Sayed Zaki">Maysaa El Sayed Zaki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff80"><institution content-type="department">Department of Clinical Pathology</institution>,<institution>Mansoura University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mansoura</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Endries, Aman Yesuf" sort="Endries, Aman Yesuf" uniqKey="Endries A" first="Aman Yesuf" last="Endries">Aman Yesuf Endries</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff81"><institution content-type="department">Public Health Department</institution>,<institution>Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Addis Ababa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eskandarieh, Sharareh" sort="Eskandarieh, Sharareh" uniqKey="Eskandarieh S" first="Sharareh" last="Eskandarieh">Sharareh Eskandarieh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff82"><institution content-type="department">Multiple Sclerosis Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faro, Andre" sort="Faro, Andre" uniqKey="Faro A" first="Andre" last="Faro">Andre Faro</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff83"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychology</institution>,<institution>Federal University of Sergipe</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sao Cristovao</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Mohammad" sort="Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Mohammad" uniqKey="Fereshtehnejad S" first="Seyed-Mohammad" last="Fereshtehnejad">Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff84"><institution content-type="department">Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society</institution>,<institution>Karolinska Institutet</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Stockholm</addr-line>,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff85"><institution content-type="department">Division of Neurology</institution>,<institution>University of Ottawa</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fernandes, Eduarda" sort="Fernandes, Eduarda" uniqKey="Fernandes E" first="Eduarda" last="Fernandes">Eduarda Fernandes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff86"><institution content-type="department">REQUIMTE/LAQV</institution>,<institution>University of Porto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Porto</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Filip, Irina" sort="Filip, Irina" uniqKey="Filip I" first="Irina" last="Filip">Irina Filip</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff87"><institution content-type="department">Psychiatry Department</institution>,<institution>Kaiser Permanente</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Fontana</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">California</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff88"><institution content-type="department">School of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>A.T. Still University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mesa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Arizona</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer, Florian" sort="Fischer, Florian" uniqKey="Fischer F" first="Florian" last="Fischer">Florian Fischer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff89"><institution content-type="department">Department of Population Medicine and Health Services Research</institution>,<institution>Bielefeld University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bielefeld</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franklin, Richard Charles" sort="Franklin, Richard Charles" uniqKey="Franklin R" first="Richard Charles" last="Franklin">Richard Charles Franklin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff90"><institution content-type="department">College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Science</institution>,<institution>James Cook University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Douglas</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Queensland</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fukumoto, Takeshi" sort="Fukumoto, Takeshi" uniqKey="Fukumoto T" first="Takeshi" last="Fukumoto">Takeshi Fukumoto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff91"><institution content-type="department">Gene Expression & Regulation Program</institution>,<institution>The Wistar Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Philadelphia</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Pennsylvania</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff92"><institution content-type="department">Department of Dermatology</institution>,<institution>Kobe University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kobe</addr-line>,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gezae, Kebede Embaye" sort="Gezae, Kebede Embaye" uniqKey="Gezae K" first="Kebede Embaye" last="Gezae">Kebede Embaye Gezae</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff93"><institution content-type="department">Department of Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Mekelle University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mekelle</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gill, Tiffany K" sort="Gill, Tiffany K" uniqKey="Gill T" first="Tiffany K" last="Gill">Tiffany K. Gill</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff94"><institution content-type="department">Adelaide Medical School</institution>,<institution>University of Adelaide</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Adelaide</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">South Australia</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goulart, Alessandra C" sort="Goulart, Alessandra C" uniqKey="Goulart A" first="Alessandra C" last="Goulart">Alessandra C. Goulart</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff95"><institution content-type="department">Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research</institution>,<institution>University of São Paulo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sao Paulo</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff96"><institution content-type="department">Internal Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>University Hospital, University of São Paulo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sao Paulo</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grada, Ayman" sort="Grada, Ayman" uniqKey="Grada A" first="Ayman" last="Grada">Ayman Grada</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff97"><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Boston University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Massachusetts</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guo, Yuming" sort="Guo, Yuming" uniqKey="Guo Y" first="Yuming" last="Guo">Yuming Guo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff98"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Monash University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff99"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Zhengzhou University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Zhengzhou</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gupta, Rahul" sort="Gupta, Rahul" uniqKey="Gupta R" first="Rahul" last="Gupta">Rahul Gupta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff100"><institution>March of Dimes</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Arlington</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Virginia</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff101"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>West Virginia University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Morgantown</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">West Virginia</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haghparast Bidgoli, Hassan" sort="Haghparast Bidgoli, Hassan" uniqKey="Haghparast Bidgoli H" first="Hassan" last="Haghparast Bidgoli">Hassan Haghparast Bidgoli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff102"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Global Health</institution>,<institution>University College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haj Mirzaian, Arvin" sort="Haj Mirzaian, Arvin" uniqKey="Haj Mirzaian A" first="Arvin" last="Haj-Mirzaian">Arvin Haj-Mirzaian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff103"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacology</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff104"><institution content-type="department">Obesity Research Center</institution>,<institution>Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haj Mirzaian, Arya" sort="Haj Mirzaian, Arya" uniqKey="Haj Mirzaian A" first="Arya" last="Haj-Mirzaian">Arya Haj-Mirzaian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff103"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacology</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff105"><institution content-type="department">Department of Radiology</institution>,<institution>Johns Hopkins University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Baltimore</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Maryland</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamadeh, Randah R" sort="Hamadeh, Randah R" uniqKey="Hamadeh R" first="Randah R" last="Hamadeh">Randah R. Hamadeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff106"><institution content-type="department">Department of Family and Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Arabian Gulf University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Manama</addr-line>,<country>Bahrain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamidi, Samer" sort="Hamidi, Samer" uniqKey="Hamidi S" first="Samer" last="Hamidi">Samer Hamidi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff107"><institution content-type="department">School of Health and Environmental Studies</institution>,<institution>Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dubai</addr-line>,<country>United Arab Emirates</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haro, Josep Maria" sort="Haro, Josep Maria" uniqKey="Haro J" first="Josep Maria" last="Haro">Josep Maria Haro</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff108"><institution>Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff109"><institution content-type="department">Research and Development Unit</institution>,<institution>San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sant Boi de Llobregat</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassankhani, Hadi" sort="Hassankhani, Hadi" uniqKey="Hassankhani H" first="Hadi" last="Hassankhani">Hadi Hassankhani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff110"><institution content-type="department">School of Nursing and Midwifery</institution>,<institution>Tabriz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tabriz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff111"><institution>Independent Consultant</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tabriz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassen, Hamid Yimam" sort="Hassen, Hamid Yimam" uniqKey="Hassen H" first="Hamid Yimam" last="Hassen">Hamid Yimam Hassen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff112"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Mizan-Tepi University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Teppi</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff113"><institution content-type="department">Unit of Epidemiology and Social Medicine</institution>,<institution>University Hospital Antwerp</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wilrijk</addr-line>,<country>Belgium</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Havmoeller, Rasmus" sort="Havmoeller, Rasmus" uniqKey="Havmoeller R" first="Rasmus" last="Havmoeller">Rasmus Havmoeller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff114"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Sciences</institution>,<institution>Karolinska University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Stockholm</addr-line>,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hendrie, Delia" sort="Hendrie, Delia" uniqKey="Hendrie D" first="Delia" last="Hendrie">Delia Hendrie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff115"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Curtin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Perth</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Western Australia</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henok, Andualem" sort="Henok, Andualem" uniqKey="Henok A" first="Andualem" last="Henok">Andualem Henok</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff112"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Mizan-Tepi University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Teppi</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hijar, Martha" sort="Hijar, Martha" uniqKey="Hijar M" first="Martha" last="Híjar">Martha Híjar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff116"><institution content-type="department">Research Coordination</institution>,<institution>AC Environments Foundation</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cuernavaca</addr-line>,<country>Mexico</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff117"><institution content-type="department">CISS</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Public Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cuernavaca</addr-line>,<country>Mexico</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hole, Michael K" sort="Hole, Michael K" uniqKey="Hole M" first="Michael K" last="Hole">Michael K. Hole</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff118"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pediatrics</institution>,<institution>Dell Medical School, University of Texas Austin</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Austin</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Texas</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Homaie Rad, Enayatollah" sort="Homaie Rad, Enayatollah" uniqKey="Homaie Rad E" first="Enayatollah" last="Homaie Rad">Enayatollah Homaie Rad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff119"><institution content-type="department">Guilan Road Trauma Research Center</institution>,<institution>Guilan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rasht</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff120"><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Guilan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rasht</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hossain, Naznin" sort="Hossain, Naznin" uniqKey="Hossain N" first="Naznin" last="Hossain">Naznin Hossain</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff121"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics</institution>,<institution>Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dhaka</addr-line>,<country>Bangladesh</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff122"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacology</institution>,<institution>Bangladesh Industrial Gases Limited</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tangail</addr-line>,<country>Bangladesh</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hostiuc, Sorin" sort="Hostiuc, Sorin" uniqKey="Hostiuc S" first="Sorin" last="Hostiuc">Sorin Hostiuc</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff123"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics</institution>,<institution>Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff124"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Legal Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Guoqing" sort="Hu, Guoqing" uniqKey="Hu G" first="Guoqing" last="Hu">Guoqing Hu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff125"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics</institution>,<institution>Central South University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Changsha</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Igumbor, Ehimario U" sort="Igumbor, Ehimario U" uniqKey="Igumbor E" first="Ehimario U" last="Igumbor">Ehimario U. Igumbor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff126"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of the Western Cape</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bellville</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff127"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Walter Sisulu University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mthatha</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen" sort="Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen" uniqKey="Ilesanmi O" first="Olayinka Stephen" last="Ilesanmi">Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff128"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Ibadan</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ibadan</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi" sort="Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi" uniqKey="Irvani S" first="Seyed Sina Naghibi" last="Irvani">Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff129"><institution>Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful" sort="Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful" uniqKey="Islam S" first="Sheikh Mohammed Shariful" last="Islam">Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff130"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition</institution>,<institution>Deakin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Burwood</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff131"><institution content-type="department">Sydney Medical School</institution>,<institution>University of Sydney</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ivers, Rebecca Q" sort="Ivers, Rebecca Q" uniqKey="Ivers R" first="Rebecca Q" last="Ivers">Rebecca Q. Ivers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff132"><institution content-type="department">Injury Division</institution>,<institution>The George Institute for Global Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Newtown</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jacobsen, Kathryn H" sort="Jacobsen, Kathryn H" uniqKey="Jacobsen K" first="Kathryn H" last="Jacobsen">Kathryn H. Jacobsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff133"><institution content-type="department">Department of Global and Community Health</institution>,<institution>George Mason University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Fairfax</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Virginia</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jahanmehr, Nader" sort="Jahanmehr, Nader" uniqKey="Jahanmehr N" first="Nader" last="Jahanmehr">Nader Jahanmehr</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff134"><institution content-type="department">School of Management and Medical Education</institution>,<institution>Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff135"><institution content-type="department">Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center</institution>,<institution>Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jakovljevic, Mihajlo" sort="Jakovljevic, Mihajlo" uniqKey="Jakovljevic M" first="Mihajlo" last="Jakovljevic">Mihajlo Jakovljevic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff136"><institution content-type="department">Department for Health Care and Public Health</institution>,<institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra" sort="Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra" uniqKey="Jayatilleke A" first="Achala Upendra" last="Jayatilleke">Achala Upendra Jayatilleke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff137"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Colombo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Colombo</addr-line>,<country>Sri Lanka</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff138"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Graduate Studies</institution>,<institution>University of Colombo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Colombo</addr-line>,<country>Sri Lanka</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jha, Ravi Prakash" sort="Jha, Ravi Prakash" uniqKey="Jha R" first="Ravi Prakash" last="Jha">Ravi Prakash Jha</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff139"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Banaras Hindu University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Varanasi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jonas, Jost B" sort="Jonas, Jost B" uniqKey="Jonas J" first="Jost B" last="Jonas">Jost B. Jonas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff140"><institution content-type="department">Department of Ophthalmology</institution>,<institution>Heidelberg University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mannheim</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff141"><institution content-type="department">Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology</institution>,<institution>Beijing Tongren Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Beijing</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jorjoran Shushtari, Zahra" sort="Jorjoran Shushtari, Zahra" uniqKey="Jorjoran Shushtari Z" first="Zahra" last="Jorjoran Shushtari">Zahra Jorjoran Shushtari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff142"><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy" sort="Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy" uniqKey="Jozwiak J" first="Jacek Jerzy" last="Jozwiak">Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff143"><institution content-type="department">Department of Family Medicine and Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Opole</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Opole</addr-line>,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jurisson, Mikk" sort="Jurisson, Mikk" uniqKey="Jurisson M" first="Mikk" last="Jürisson">Mikk Jürisson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff144"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Tartu</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tartu</addr-line>,<country>Estonia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kabir, Ali" sort="Kabir, Ali" uniqKey="Kabir A" first="Ali" last="Kabir">Ali Kabir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff145"><institution content-type="department">Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kalani, Rizwan" sort="Kalani, Rizwan" uniqKey="Kalani R" first="Rizwan" last="Kalani">Rizwan Kalani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff146"><institution content-type="department">Department of Neurology</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kasaeian, Amir" sort="Kasaeian, Amir" uniqKey="Kasaeian A" first="Amir" last="Kasaeian">Amir Kasaeian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff147"><institution content-type="department">Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff148"><institution content-type="department">Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kelbore, Abraham Getachew" sort="Kelbore, Abraham Getachew" uniqKey="Kelbore A" first="Abraham Getachew" last="Kelbore">Abraham Getachew Kelbore</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff149"><institution content-type="department">Department of Dermatology</institution>,<institution>Wolaita Sodo University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wolaita Sodo</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kengne, Andre Pascal" sort="Kengne, Andre Pascal" uniqKey="Kengne A" first="Andre Pascal" last="Kengne">Andre Pascal Kengne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff150"><institution content-type="department">Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit</institution>,<institution>Medical Research Council South Africa</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff151"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Cape Town</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khader, Yousef Saleh" sort="Khader, Yousef Saleh" uniqKey="Khader Y" first="Yousef Saleh" last="Khader">Yousef Saleh Khader</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff152"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health and Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Jordan University of Science and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ramtha</addr-line>,<country>Jordan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif" sort="Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif" uniqKey="Khafaie M" first="Morteza Abdullatif" last="Khafaie">Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff153"><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ahvaz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khalid, Nauman" sort="Khalid, Nauman" uniqKey="Khalid N" first="Nauman" last="Khalid">Nauman Khalid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff154"><institution content-type="department">School of Food and Agricultural Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Management and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lahore</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khan, Ejaz Ahmad" sort="Khan, Ejaz Ahmad" uniqKey="Khan E" first="Ejaz Ahmad" last="Khan">Ejaz Ahmad Khan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff155"><institution content-type="department">Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department</institution>,<institution>Health Services Academy</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Islamabad</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khoja, Abdullah T" sort="Khoja, Abdullah T" uniqKey="Khoja A" first="Abdullah T" last="Khoja">Abdullah T. Khoja</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff156"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff157"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Policy and Management</institution>,<institution>Johns Hopkins University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Baltimore</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Maryland</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A" sort="Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A" uniqKey="Kiadaliri A" first="Aliasghar A" last="Kiadaliri">Aliasghar A. Kiadaliri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff158"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Epidemiology Unit</institution>,<institution>Lund University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lund</addr-line>,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Young Eun" sort="Kim, Young Eun" uniqKey="Kim Y" first="Young-Eun" last="Kim">Young-Eun Kim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff159"><institution content-type="department">Department of Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Korea University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seoul</addr-line>,<country>South Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Daniel" sort="Kim, Daniel" uniqKey="Kim D" first="Daniel" last="Kim">Daniel Kim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff160"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Northeastern University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Massachusetts</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kisa, Adnan" sort="Kisa, Adnan" uniqKey="Kisa A" first="Adnan" last="Kisa">Adnan Kisa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff161"><institution content-type="department">School of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Kristiania University College</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Oslo</addr-line>,<country>Norway</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koyanagi, Ai" sort="Koyanagi, Ai" uniqKey="Koyanagi A" first="Ai" last="Koyanagi">Ai Koyanagi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff162"><institution content-type="department">CIBERSAM</institution>,<institution>San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sant Boi de Llobregat</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff163"><institution>Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Barcelona</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuate Defo, Barthelemy" sort="Kuate Defo, Barthelemy" uniqKey="Kuate Defo B" first="Barthelemy" last="Kuate Defo">Barthelemy Kuate Defo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff164"><institution content-type="department">Department of Demography</institution>,<institution>University of Montreal</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Montreal</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Quebec</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff165"><institution content-type="department">Department of Social and Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Montreal</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Montreal</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Quebec</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kucuk Bicer, Burcu" sort="Kucuk Bicer, Burcu" uniqKey="Kucuk Bicer B" first="Burcu" last="Kucuk Bicer">Burcu Kucuk Bicer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff166"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Yuksek Ihtisas University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ankara</addr-line>,<country>Turkey</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff167"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Hacettepe University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ankara</addr-line>,<country>Turkey</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, Manasi" sort="Kumar, Manasi" uniqKey="Kumar M" first="Manasi" last="Kumar">Manasi Kumar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff168"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>University of Nairobi</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Nairobi</addr-line>,<country>Kenya</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff169"><institution content-type="department">Division of Psychology and Language Sciences</institution>,<institution>University College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lalloo, Ratilal" sort="Lalloo, Ratilal" uniqKey="Lalloo R" first="Ratilal" last="Lalloo">Ratilal Lalloo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff170"><institution content-type="department">School of Dentistry</institution>,<institution>The University of Queensland</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Brisbane</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Queensland</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lam, Hilton" sort="Lam, Hilton" uniqKey="Lam H" first="Hilton" last="Lam">Hilton Lam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff171"><institution>Institute of Health Policy and Development Studies, National Institutes of Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Manila</addr-line>,<country>Philippines</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lami, Faris Hasan" sort="Lami, Faris Hasan" uniqKey="Lami F" first="Faris Hasan" last="Lami">Faris Hasan Lami</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff172"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community and Family Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Baghdad</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Baghdad</addr-line>,<country>Iraq</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lansingh, Van C" sort="Lansingh, Van C" uniqKey="Lansingh V" first="Van C" last="Lansingh">Van C. Lansingh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff173"><institution>HelpMeSee</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New York City</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New York</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff174"><institution content-type="department">International Relations Department</institution>,<institution>Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Queretaro</addr-line>,<country>Mexico</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leasher, Janet L" sort="Leasher, Janet L" uniqKey="Leasher J" first="Janet L" last="Leasher">Janet L. Leasher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff175"><institution content-type="department">College of Optometry</institution>,<institution>Nova Southeastern University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Fort Lauderdale</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Florida</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Shanshan" sort="Li, Shanshan" uniqKey="Li S" first="Shanshan" last="Li">Shanshan Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff98"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Monash University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Linn, Shai" sort="Linn, Shai" uniqKey="Linn S" first="Shai" last="Linn">Shai Linn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff176"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Haifa</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Haifa</addr-line>,<country>Israel</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lunevicius, Raimundas" sort="Lunevicius, Raimundas" uniqKey="Lunevicius R" first="Raimundas" last="Lunevicius">Raimundas Lunevicius</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff177"><institution content-type="department">Department of General Surgery</institution>,<institution>Aintree University Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Liverpool</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff178"><institution content-type="department">Department of Surgery</institution>,<institution>University of Liverpool</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Liverpool</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Machado, Flavia R" sort="Machado, Flavia R" uniqKey="Machado F" first="Flavia R" last="Machado">Flavia R. Machado</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff179"><institution content-type="department">Anesthesiology, Pain and Intensive Care Department</institution>,<institution>Federal University of São Paulo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sao Paulo</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan" sort="Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan" uniqKey="Magdy Abd El Razek H" first="Hassan" last="Magdy Abd El Razek">Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff180"><institution content-type="department">Radiology Department</institution>,<institution>Mansoura Faculty of Medicine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mansoura</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed" sort="Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed" uniqKey="Magdy Abd El Razek M" first="Muhammed" last="Magdy Abd El Razek">Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff181"><institution content-type="department">Ophthalmology Department</institution>,<institution>Aswan Faculty of Medicine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Aswan</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur" sort="Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur" uniqKey="Mahotra N" first="Narayan Bahadur" last="Mahotra">Narayan Bahadur Mahotra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff182"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Tribhuvan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kathmandu</addr-line>,<country>Nepal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Majdan, Marek" sort="Majdan, Marek" uniqKey="Majdan M" first="Marek" last="Majdan">Marek Majdan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff183"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Trnava University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Trnava</addr-line>,<country>Slovakia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Majeed, Azeem" sort="Majeed, Azeem" uniqKey="Majeed A" first="Azeem" last="Majeed">Azeem Majeed</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff184"><institution content-type="department">Department of Primary Care and Public Health</institution>,<institution>Imperial College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malekzadeh, Reza" sort="Malekzadeh, Reza" uniqKey="Malekzadeh R" first="Reza" last="Malekzadeh">Reza Malekzadeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff185"><institution content-type="department">Digestive Diseases Research Institute</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff186"><institution content-type="department">Non-communicable Diseases Research Center</institution>,<institution>Shiraz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Shiraz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malik, Manzoor Ahmad" sort="Malik, Manzoor Ahmad" uniqKey="Malik M" first="Manzoor Ahmad" last="Malik">Manzoor Ahmad Malik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff187"><institution content-type="department">Department of Humanities and Social Sciences</institution>,<institution>Indian Institute of Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Roorkee</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Haridwar</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff188"><institution content-type="department">Department of Development Studies</institution>,<institution>International Institute for Population Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mumbai</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malta, Deborah Carvalho" sort="Malta, Deborah Carvalho" uniqKey="Malta D" first="Deborah Carvalho" last="Malta">Deborah Carvalho Malta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff189"><institution content-type="department">Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health</institution>,<institution>Federal University of Minas Gerais</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manda, Ana Laura" sort="Manda, Ana Laura" uniqKey="Manda A" first="Ana-Laura" last="Manda">Ana-Laura Manda</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff190"><institution content-type="department">Surgery Department</institution>,<institution>Emergency University Hospital Bucharest</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mansournia, Mohammad Ali" sort="Mansournia, Mohammad Ali" uniqKey="Mansournia M" first="Mohammad Ali" last="Mansournia">Mohammad Ali Mansournia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff191"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard" sort="Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard" uniqKey="Massenburg B" first="Benjamin Ballard" last="Massenburg">Benjamin Ballard Massenburg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff60"><institution content-type="department">Division of Plastic Surgery</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maulik, Pallab K" sort="Maulik, Pallab K" uniqKey="Maulik P" first="Pallab K" last="Maulik">Pallab K. Maulik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff192"><institution content-type="department">Research Department</institution>,<institution>The George Institute for Global Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff193"><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of New South Wales</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meheretu, Hailemariam Abiy Alemu" sort="Meheretu, Hailemariam Abiy Alemu" uniqKey="Meheretu H" first="Hailemariam Abiy Alemu" last="Meheretu">Hailemariam Abiy Alemu Meheretu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff70"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing</institution>,<institution>Debre Markos University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Debre Markos</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff194"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Bahir Dar University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bahir Dar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mehndiratta, Man Mohan" sort="Mehndiratta, Man Mohan" uniqKey="Mehndiratta M" first="Man Mohan" last="Mehndiratta">Man Mohan Mehndiratta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff195"><institution content-type="department">Neurology Department</institution>,<institution>Janakpuri Super Specialty Hospital Society</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff196"><institution content-type="department">Neurology Department</institution>,<institution>Govind Ballabh Institute of Medical Education and Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melese, Addisu" sort="Melese, Addisu" uniqKey="Melese A" first="Addisu" last="Melese">Addisu Melese</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff197"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences</institution>,<institution>Bahir Dar University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bahir Dar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mendoza, Walter" sort="Mendoza, Walter" uniqKey="Mendoza W" first="Walter" last="Mendoza">Walter Mendoza</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff198"><institution content-type="department">Peru Country Office</institution>,<institution>United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lima</addr-line>,<country>Peru</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mengesha, Melkamu Merid" sort="Mengesha, Melkamu Merid" uniqKey="Mengesha M" first="Melkamu Merid" last="Mengesha">Melkamu Merid Mengesha</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff199"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Haramaya University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Harar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meretoja, Tuomo J" sort="Meretoja, Tuomo J" uniqKey="Meretoja T" first="Tuomo J" last="Meretoja">Tuomo J. Meretoja</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff200"><institution content-type="department">Breast Surgery Unit</institution>,<institution>Helsinki University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Helsinki</addr-line>,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff201"><institution>University of Helsinki</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Helsinki</addr-line>,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meretoja, Atte" sort="Meretoja, Atte" uniqKey="Meretoja A" first="Atte" last="Meretoja">Atte Meretoja</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff202"><institution content-type="department">Neurocenter</institution>,<institution>Helsinki University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Helsinki</addr-line>,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff203"><institution content-type="department">School of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mestrovic, Tomislav" sort="Mestrovic, Tomislav" uniqKey="Mestrovic T" first="Tomislav" last="Mestrovic">Tomislav Mestrovic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff204"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit</institution>,<institution>Zora Profozic Polyclinic</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Zagreb</addr-line>,<country>Croatia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff205"><institution content-type="department">University Centre Varazdin</institution>,<institution>University North</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Varazdin</addr-line>,<country>Croatia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miazgowski, Tomasz" sort="Miazgowski, Tomasz" uniqKey="Miazgowski T" first="Tomasz" last="Miazgowski">Tomasz Miazgowski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff206"><institution content-type="department">Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases & Arterial Hypertension</institution>,<institution>Pomeranian Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Szczecin</addr-line>,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miller, Ted R" sort="Miller, Ted R" uniqKey="Miller T" first="Ted R" last="Miller">Ted R. Miller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff115"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Curtin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Perth</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Western Australia</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff207"><institution>Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Calverton</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Maryland</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mini, Gk" sort="Mini, Gk" uniqKey="Mini G" first="Gk" last="Mini">Gk Mini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff208"><institution content-type="department">Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies</institution>,<institution>Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Trivandrum</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff209"><institution>Global Institute of Public Health (GIPH), Ananthapuri Hospitals and Research Centre</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Trivandrum</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mirrakhimov, Erkin M" sort="Mirrakhimov, Erkin M" uniqKey="Mirrakhimov E" first="Erkin M" last="Mirrakhimov">Erkin M. Mirrakhimov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff210"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Internal Medicine</institution>,<institution>Kyrgyz State Medical Academy</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bishkek</addr-line>,<country>Kyrgyzstan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff211"><institution content-type="department">Department of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease</institution>,<institution>National Center of Cardiology and Internal Disease</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bishkek</addr-line>,<country>Kyrgyzstan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moazen, Babak" sort="Moazen, Babak" uniqKey="Moazen B" first="Babak" last="Moazen">Babak Moazen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff30"><institution>Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Heidelberg</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff212"><institution>Institute of Addiction Research (ISFF), Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Frankfurt</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser" sort="Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser" uniqKey="Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N" first="Naser" last="Mohammad Gholi Mezerji">Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff213"><institution content-type="department">Department of Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Hamadan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamadan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh" sort="Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh" uniqKey="Mohammadibakhsh R" first="Roghayeh" last="Mohammadibakhsh">Roghayeh Mohammadibakhsh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff214"><institution>Hamadan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamadan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohammed, Shafiu" sort="Mohammed, Shafiu" uniqKey="Mohammed S" first="Shafiu" last="Mohammed">Shafiu Mohammed</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff30"><institution>Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Heidelberg</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff215"><institution content-type="department">Health Systems and Policy Research Unit</institution>,<institution>Ahmadu Bello University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Zaria</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Molokhia, Mariam" sort="Molokhia, Mariam" uniqKey="Molokhia M" first="Mariam" last="Molokhia">Mariam Molokhia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff216"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine</institution>,<institution>King’s College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Monasta, Lorenzo" sort="Monasta, Lorenzo" uniqKey="Monasta L" first="Lorenzo" last="Monasta">Lorenzo Monasta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff217"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit</institution>,<institution>Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Trieste</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mondello, Stefania" sort="Mondello, Stefania" uniqKey="Mondello S" first="Stefania" last="Mondello">Stefania Mondello</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff218"><institution content-type="department">Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging</institution>,<institution>University of Messina</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Messina</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff219"><institution content-type="department">Department of Neurology</institution>,<institution>Oasi Research Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Troina</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Montero Zamora, Pablo A" sort="Montero Zamora, Pablo A" uniqKey="Montero Zamora P" first="Pablo A" last="Montero-Zamora">Pablo A. Montero-Zamora</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff220"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Miami</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Miami</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Florida</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff221"><institution content-type="department">Center for Health Systems Research</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Public Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cuernavaca</addr-line>,<country>Mexico</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moodley, Yoshan" sort="Moodley, Yoshan" uniqKey="Moodley Y" first="Yoshan" last="Moodley">Yoshan Moodley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff222"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of KwaZulu-Natal</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Durban</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moosazadeh, Mahmood" sort="Moosazadeh, Mahmood" uniqKey="Moosazadeh M" first="Mahmood" last="Moosazadeh">Mahmood Moosazadeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff223"><institution content-type="department">Health Sciences Research Center</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moradi, Ghobad" sort="Moradi, Ghobad" uniqKey="Moradi G" first="Ghobad" last="Moradi">Ghobad Moradi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff224"><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sanandaj</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff225"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sanandaj</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moradi Lakeh, Maziar" sort="Moradi Lakeh, Maziar" uniqKey="Moradi Lakeh M" first="Maziar" last="Moradi-Lakeh">Maziar Moradi-Lakeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff226"><institution content-type="department">Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morawska, Lidia" sort="Morawska, Lidia" uniqKey="Morawska L" first="Lidia" last="Morawska">Lidia Morawska</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff227"><institution content-type="department">International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health</institution>,<institution>Queensland University of Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Brisbane</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Queensland</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Velasquez, Ilais Moreno" sort="Velasquez, Ilais Moreno" uniqKey="Velasquez I" first="Ilais Moreno" last="Velásquez">Ilais Moreno Velásquez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff228"><institution>Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Panama City</addr-line>,<country>Panama</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morrison, Shane Douglas" sort="Morrison, Shane Douglas" uniqKey="Morrison S" first="Shane Douglas" last="Morrison">Shane Douglas Morrison</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff229"><institution content-type="department">Department of Surgery</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moschos, Marilita M" sort="Moschos, Marilita M" uniqKey="Moschos M" first="Marilita M" last="Moschos">Marilita M. Moschos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff230"><institution content-type="department">1st Department of Ophthalmology</institution>,<institution>University of Athens</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Athens</addr-line>,<country>Greece</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff231"><institution content-type="department">Biomedical Research Foundation</institution>,<institution>Academy of Athens</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Athens</addr-line>,<country>Greece</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam" sort="Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam" uniqKey="Mousavi S" first="Seyyed Meysam" last="Mousavi">Seyyed Meysam Mousavi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff232"><institution content-type="department">Health Management Reserach Center</institution>,<institution>Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff233"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Management and Economics</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Murthy, Srinivas" sort="Murthy, Srinivas" uniqKey="Murthy S" first="Srinivas" last="Murthy">Srinivas Murthy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff234"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pediatrics</institution>,<institution>University of British Columbia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Vancouver</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">British Columbia</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Musa, Kamarul Imran" sort="Musa, Kamarul Imran" uniqKey="Musa K" first="Kamarul Imran" last="Musa">Kamarul Imran Musa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff235"><institution content-type="department">School of Medical Sciences</institution>,<institution>Science University of Malaysia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kubang Kerian</addr-line>,<country>Malaysia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naik, Gurudatta" sort="Naik, Gurudatta" uniqKey="Naik G" first="Gurudatta" last="Naik">Gurudatta Naik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff236"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Alabama</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Najafi, Farid" sort="Najafi, Farid" uniqKey="Najafi F" first="Farid" last="Najafi">Farid Najafi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff237"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nangia, Vinay" sort="Nangia, Vinay" uniqKey="Nangia V" first="Vinay" last="Nangia">Vinay Nangia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff238"><institution>Suraj Eye Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Nagpur</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nascimento, Bruno Ramos" sort="Nascimento, Bruno Ramos" uniqKey="Nascimento B" first="Bruno Ramos" last="Nascimento">Bruno Ramos Nascimento</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff239"><institution>Hospital of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Federal University of Minas Gerais</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith" sort="Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith" uniqKey="Ndwandwe D" first="Duduzile Edith" last="Ndwandwe">Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff240"><institution>Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Negoi, Ionut" sort="Negoi, Ionut" uniqKey="Negoi I" first="Ionut" last="Negoi">Ionut Negoi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff64"><institution content-type="department">Department of General Surgery</institution>,<institution>Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff241"><institution content-type="department">General Surgery Department</institution>,<institution>Emergency Hospital of Bucharest</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Trang Huyen" sort="Nguyen, Trang Huyen" uniqKey="Nguyen T" first="Trang Huyen" last="Nguyen">Trang Huyen Nguyen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff242"><institution content-type="department">Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine</institution>,<institution>Nguyen Tat Thanh University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ho Chi Minh</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Son Hoang" sort="Nguyen, Son Hoang" uniqKey="Nguyen S" first="Son Hoang" last="Nguyen">Son Hoang Nguyen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff242"><institution content-type="department">Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine</institution>,<institution>Nguyen Tat Thanh University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ho Chi Minh</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Long Hoang" sort="Nguyen, Long Hoang" uniqKey="Nguyen L" first="Long Hoang" last="Nguyen">Long Hoang Nguyen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff242"><institution content-type="department">Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine</institution>,<institution>Nguyen Tat Thanh University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ho Chi Minh</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi" sort="Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi" uniqKey="Nguyen H" first="Huong Lan Thi" last="Nguyen">Huong Lan Thi Nguyen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff243"><institution>Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hanoi</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini" sort="Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini" uniqKey="Ningrum D" first="Dina Nur Anggraini" last="Ningrum">Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff244"><institution content-type="department">Public Health Department</institution>,<institution>Universitas Negeri Semarang</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kota Semarang</addr-line>,<country>Indonesia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff245"><institution>Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Taipei City</addr-line>,<country>Taiwan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nirayo, Yirga Legesse" sort="Nirayo, Yirga Legesse" uniqKey="Nirayo Y" first="Yirga Legesse" last="Nirayo">Yirga Legesse Nirayo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff246"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Pharmacy Unit</institution>,<institution>Mekelle University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mekelle</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ofori Asenso, Richard" sort="Ofori Asenso, Richard" uniqKey="Ofori Asenso R" first="Richard" last="Ofori-Asenso">Richard Ofori-Asenso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff247"><institution content-type="department">Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics</institution>,<institution>Monash University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff248"><institution>Independent Consultant</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Accra</addr-line>,<country>Ghana</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ogbo, Felix Akpojene" sort="Ogbo, Felix Akpojene" uniqKey="Ogbo F" first="Felix Akpojene" last="Ogbo">Felix Akpojene Ogbo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff249"><institution content-type="department">Translational Health Research Institute</institution>,<institution>Western Sydney University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Penrith</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oh, In Hwan" sort="Oh, In Hwan" uniqKey="Oh I" first="In-Hwan" last="Oh">In-Hwan Oh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff250"><institution content-type="department">Department of Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Kyung Hee University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dongdaemun-gu</addr-line>,<country>South Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oladimeji, Olanrewaju" sort="Oladimeji, Olanrewaju" uniqKey="Oladimeji O" first="Olanrewaju" last="Oladimeji">Olanrewaju Oladimeji</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff251"><institution content-type="department">HAST</institution>,<institution>Human Sciences Research Council</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Durban</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff252"><institution>School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Namibia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Osakhati</addr-line>,<country>Namibia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olagunju, Andrew T" sort="Olagunju, Andrew T" uniqKey="Olagunju A" first="Andrew T" last="Olagunju">Andrew T. Olagunju</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff253"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences</institution>,<institution>McMaster University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamilton</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">ON</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff254"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>University of Lagos</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lagos</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olagunju, Tinuke O" sort="Olagunju, Tinuke O" uniqKey="Olagunju T" first="Tinuke O" last="Olagunju">Tinuke O. Olagunju</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff255"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine</institution>,<institution>McMaster University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamilton</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olivares, Pedro R" sort="Olivares, Pedro R" uniqKey="Olivares P" first="Pedro R" last="Olivares">Pedro R. Olivares</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff256"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Physical Activity and Health</institution>,<institution>Autonomous University of Chile</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Talca</addr-line>,<country>Chile</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Orpana, Heather M" sort="Orpana, Heather M" uniqKey="Orpana H" first="Heather M" last="Orpana">Heather M. Orpana</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff257"><institution content-type="department">Applied Research Division</institution>,<institution>Public Health Agency of Canada</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff258"><institution content-type="department">School of Psychology</institution>,<institution>University of Ottawa</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Otstavnov, Stanislav S" sort="Otstavnov, Stanislav S" uniqKey="Otstavnov S" first="Stanislav S" last="Otstavnov">Stanislav S. Otstavnov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff259"><institution content-type="department">Analytical Center</institution>,<institution>Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dolgoprudny</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff260"><institution content-type="department">Committee for the Comprehensive Assessment of Medical Devices and Information Technology</institution>,<institution>Health Technology Assessment Association</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="P A, Mahesh" sort="P A, Mahesh" uniqKey="P A M" first="Mahesh" last="P A">Mahesh P A</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff261"><institution content-type="department">Department of Respiratory Medicine</institution>,<institution>Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Academy of Health Education and Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mysore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pakhale, Smita" sort="Pakhale, Smita" uniqKey="Pakhale S" first="Smita" last="Pakhale">Smita Pakhale</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff262"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Eun Kee" sort="Park, Eun Kee" uniqKey="Park E" first="Eun-Kee" last="Park">Eun-Kee Park</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff263"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine</institution>,<institution>Kosin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Busan</addr-line>,<country>South Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Patton, George C" sort="Patton, George C" uniqKey="Patton G" first="George C" last="Patton">George C. Patton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff264"><institution content-type="department">Department of Paediatrics</institution>,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff265"><institution content-type="department">Population Health Department</institution>,<institution>Murdoch Childrens Research Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pesudovs, Konrad" sort="Pesudovs, Konrad" uniqKey="Pesudovs K" first="Konrad" last="Pesudovs">Konrad Pesudovs</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff266"><institution content-type="department">School of Optometry and Vision Science</institution>,<institution>University of New South Wales</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Phillips, Michael R" sort="Phillips, Michael R" uniqKey="Phillips M" first="Michael R" last="Phillips">Michael R. Phillips</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff267"><institution content-type="department">Shanghai Mental Health Center</institution>,<institution>Shanghai Jiao Tong University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Shanghai</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff268"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry, Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Columbia University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New York City</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New York</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polinder, Suzanne" sort="Polinder, Suzanne" uniqKey="Polinder S" first="Suzanne" last="Polinder">Suzanne Polinder</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Erasmus University Medical Center</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rotterdam</addr-line>,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prakash, Swayam" sort="Prakash, Swayam" uniqKey="Prakash S" first="Swayam" last="Prakash">Swayam Prakash</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff269"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nephrology</institution>,<institution>Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lucknow</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Radfar, Amir" sort="Radfar, Amir" uniqKey="Radfar A" first="Amir" last="Radfar">Amir Radfar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff270"><institution content-type="department">College of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Central Florida</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Orlando</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Florida</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff271"><institution content-type="department">College of Graduate Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>A.T. Still University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mesa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Arizona</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rafay, Anwar" sort="Rafay, Anwar" uniqKey="Rafay A" first="Anwar" last="Rafay">Anwar Rafay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff272"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Contech School of Public Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lahore</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rafiei, Alireza" sort="Rafiei, Alireza" uniqKey="Rafiei A" first="Alireza" last="Rafiei">Alireza Rafiei</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff273"><institution content-type="department">Department of Immunology</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff274"><institution content-type="department">Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rahimi, Siavash" sort="Rahimi, Siavash" uniqKey="Rahimi S" first="Siavash" last="Rahimi">Siavash Rahimi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff275"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rahimi Movaghar, Vafa" sort="Rahimi Movaghar, Vafa" uniqKey="Rahimi Movaghar V" first="Vafa" last="Rahimi-Movaghar">Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff276"><institution content-type="department">Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rahman, Muhammad Aziz" sort="Rahman, Muhammad Aziz" uniqKey="Rahman M" first="Muhammad Aziz" last="Rahman">Muhammad Aziz Rahman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff277"><institution content-type="department">School of Nursing and Healthcare Professions</institution>,<institution>Federation University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Heidelberg</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff278"><institution content-type="department">National Centre for Farmer Health</institution>,<institution>Deakin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Waurn Ponds</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rai, Rajesh Kumar" sort="Rai, Rajesh Kumar" uniqKey="Rai R" first="Rajesh Kumar" last="Rai">Rajesh Kumar Rai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff279"><institution>Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Suri</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff280"><institution content-type="department">Department of Economics</institution>,<institution>University of Göttingen</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Göttingen</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ramezanzadeh, Kiana" sort="Ramezanzadeh, Kiana" uniqKey="Ramezanzadeh K" first="Kiana" last="Ramezanzadeh">Kiana Ramezanzadeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff281"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacology</institution>,<institution>Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rawaf, Salman" sort="Rawaf, Salman" uniqKey="Rawaf S" first="Salman" last="Rawaf">Salman Rawaf</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff184"><institution content-type="department">Department of Primary Care and Public Health</institution>,<institution>Imperial College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff282"><institution content-type="department">Academic Public Health Department</institution>,<institution>Public Health England</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rawaf, David Laith" sort="Rawaf, David Laith" uniqKey="Rawaf D" first="David Laith" last="Rawaf">David Laith Rawaf</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff283"><institution content-type="department">WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training</institution>,<institution>Imperial College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff284"><institution>University College London Hospitals</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Renzaho, Andre M N" sort="Renzaho, Andre M N" uniqKey="Renzaho A" first="Andre M N" last="Renzaho">Andre M N. Renzaho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff249"><institution content-type="department">Translational Health Research Institute</institution>,<institution>Western Sydney University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Penrith</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff285"><institution content-type="department">School of Social Sciences and Psychology</institution>,<institution>Western Sydney University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Penrith</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Resnikoff, Serge" sort="Resnikoff, Serge" uniqKey="Resnikoff S" first="Serge" last="Resnikoff">Serge Resnikoff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff286"><institution>Brien Holden Vision Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff287"><institution>Organization for the Prevention of Blindness</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Paris</addr-line>,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rezaeian, Shahab" sort="Rezaeian, Shahab" uniqKey="Rezaeian S" first="Shahab" last="Rezaeian">Shahab Rezaeian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff288"><institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roever, Leonardo" sort="Roever, Leonardo" uniqKey="Roever L" first="Leonardo" last="Roever">Leonardo Roever</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff289"><institution content-type="department">Department of Clinical Research</institution>,<institution>Federal University of Uberlândia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Uberlândia</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ronfani, Luca" sort="Ronfani, Luca" uniqKey="Ronfani L" first="Luca" last="Ronfani">Luca Ronfani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff217"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit</institution>,<institution>Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Trieste</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roshandel, Gholamreza" sort="Roshandel, Gholamreza" uniqKey="Roshandel G" first="Gholamreza" last="Roshandel">Gholamreza Roshandel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff185"><institution content-type="department">Digestive Diseases Research Institute</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff290"><institution content-type="department">Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology</institution>,<institution>Golestan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Gorgan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sabde, Yogesh Damodar" sort="Sabde, Yogesh Damodar" uniqKey="Sabde Y" first="Yogesh Damodar" last="Sabde">Yogesh Damodar Sabde</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff291"><institution content-type="department">National Institute for Research in Environmental Health</institution>,<institution>Indian Council of Medical Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bhopal</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saddik, Basema" sort="Saddik, Basema" uniqKey="Saddik B" first="Basema" last="Saddik">Basema Saddik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff292"><institution content-type="department">College of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Sharjah</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sharjah</addr-line>,<country>United Arab Emirates</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salamati, Payman" sort="Salamati, Payman" uniqKey="Salamati P" first="Payman" last="Salamati">Payman Salamati</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff276"><institution content-type="department">Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salimi, Yahya" sort="Salimi, Yahya" uniqKey="Salimi Y" first="Yahya" last="Salimi">Yahya Salimi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff237"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff293"><institution content-type="department">Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salz, Inbal" sort="Salz, Inbal" uniqKey="Salz I" first="Inbal" last="Salz">Inbal Salz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff294"><institution content-type="department">Health and Disability Intelligence Group</institution>,<institution>Ministry of Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wellington</addr-line>,<country>New Zealand</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Samy, Abdallah M" sort="Samy, Abdallah M" uniqKey="Samy A" first="Abdallah M" last="Samy">Abdallah M. Samy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff295"><institution content-type="department">Department of Entomology</institution>,<institution>Ain Shams University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cairo</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanabria, Juan" sort="Sanabria, Juan" uniqKey="Sanabria J" first="Juan" last="Sanabria">Juan Sanabria</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff296"><institution content-type="department">Department of Surgery</institution>,<institution>Marshall University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Huntington</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">West Virginia</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff297"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Case Western Reserve University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cleveland</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ohio</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanchez Riera, Lidia" sort="Sanchez Riera, Lidia" uniqKey="Sanchez Riera L" first="Lidia" last="Sanchez Riera">Lidia Sanchez Riera</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff298"><institution content-type="department">Rheumatology Department</institution>,<institution>University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bristol</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff299"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Bone and Joint Research</institution>,<institution>University of Sydney</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Syndey</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Santric Milicevic, Milena M" sort="Santric Milicevic, Milena M" uniqKey="Santric Milicevic M" first="Milena M" last="Santric Milicevic">Milena M. Santric Milicevic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff300"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Social Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Belgrade</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Belgrade</addr-line>,<country>Serbia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff301"><institution content-type="department">Centre-School of Public Health and Health Management</institution>,<institution>University of Belgrade</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Belgrade</addr-line>,<country>Serbia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Satpathy, Maheswar" sort="Satpathy, Maheswar" uniqKey="Satpathy M" first="Maheswar" last="Satpathy">Maheswar Satpathy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff302"><institution content-type="department">UGC Centre of Advanced Study in Psychology</institution>,<institution>Utkal University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bhubaneswar</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff303"><institution>Udyam-Global Association for Sustainable Development</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bhubaneswar</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sawhney, Monika" sort="Sawhney, Monika" uniqKey="Sawhney M" first="Monika" last="Sawhney">Monika Sawhney</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff304"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of North Carolina at Charlotte</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Charlotte</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">North Carolina</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sawyer, Susan M" sort="Sawyer, Susan M" uniqKey="Sawyer S" first="Susan M" last="Sawyer">Susan M. Sawyer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff44"><institution>Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff264"><institution content-type="department">Department of Paediatrics</institution>,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saxena, Sonia" sort="Saxena, Sonia" uniqKey="Saxena S" first="Sonia" last="Saxena">Sonia Saxena</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff305"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Imperial College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saylan, Mete" sort="Saylan, Mete" uniqKey="Saylan M" first="Mete" last="Saylan">Mete Saylan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff306"><institution content-type="department">Market Access Department</institution>,<institution>Bayer</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Istanbul</addr-line>,<country>Turkey</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schneider, Ione J C" sort="Schneider, Ione J C" uniqKey="Schneider I" first="Ione J C" last="Schneider">Ione J C. Schneider</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff307"><institution content-type="department">School of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Federal University of Santa Catarina</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ararangua</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwebel, David C" sort="Schwebel, David C" uniqKey="Schwebel D" first="David C" last="Schwebel">David C. Schwebel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff308"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychology</institution>,<institution>University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Alabama</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seedat, Soraya" sort="Seedat, Soraya" uniqKey="Seedat S" first="Soraya" last="Seedat">Soraya Seedat</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff309"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>Stellenbosch University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sepanlou, Sadaf G" sort="Sepanlou, Sadaf G" uniqKey="Sepanlou S" first="Sadaf G" last="Sepanlou">Sadaf G. Sepanlou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff185"><institution content-type="department">Digestive Diseases Research Institute</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff186"><institution content-type="department">Non-communicable Diseases Research Center</institution>,<institution>Shiraz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Shiraz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shaikh, Masood Ali" sort="Shaikh, Masood Ali" uniqKey="Shaikh M" first="Masood Ali" last="Shaikh">Masood Ali Shaikh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff310"><institution>Independent Consultant</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Karachi</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shams Beyranvand, Mehran" sort="Shams Beyranvand, Mehran" uniqKey="Shams Beyranvand M" first="Mehran" last="Shams-Beyranvand">Mehran Shams-Beyranvand</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff311"><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Dezful University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dezful</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff312"><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Alborz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Karaj</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shamsizadeh, Morteza" sort="Shamsizadeh, Morteza" uniqKey="Shamsizadeh M" first="Morteza" last="Shamsizadeh">Morteza Shamsizadeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff313"><institution content-type="department">Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center</institution>,<institution>Hamadan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamadan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sharif Alhoseini, Mahdi" sort="Sharif Alhoseini, Mahdi" uniqKey="Sharif Alhoseini M" first="Mahdi" last="Sharif-Alhoseini">Mahdi Sharif-Alhoseini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff276"><institution content-type="department">Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sheikh, Aziz" sort="Sheikh, Aziz" uniqKey="Sheikh A" first="Aziz" last="Sheikh">Aziz Sheikh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff314"><institution content-type="department">Centre for Medical Informatics</institution>,<institution>University of Edinburgh</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Edinburgh</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff315"><institution content-type="department">Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care</institution>,<institution>Harvard University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Massachusetts</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shen, Jiabin" sort="Shen, Jiabin" uniqKey="Shen J" first="Jiabin" last="Shen">Jiabin Shen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff316"><institution content-type="department">Center for Pediatric Trauma Research</institution>,<institution>Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Columbus</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ohio</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shigematsu, Mika" sort="Shigematsu, Mika" uniqKey="Shigematsu M" first="Mika" last="Shigematsu">Mika Shigematsu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff317"><institution>National Institute of Infectious Diseases</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tokyo</addr-line>,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shiri, Rahman" sort="Shiri, Rahman" uniqKey="Shiri R" first="Rahman" last="Shiri">Rahman Shiri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff318"><institution>Finnish Institute of Occupational Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Helsinki</addr-line>,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shiue, Ivy" sort="Shiue, Ivy" uniqKey="Shiue I" first="Ivy" last="Shiue">Ivy Shiue</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff319"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Medical Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Halle</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silva, Joao Pedro" sort="Silva, Joao Pedro" uniqKey="Silva J" first="João Pedro" last="Silva">João Pedro Silva</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff53"><institution content-type="department">UCIBIO</institution>,<institution>University of Porto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Porto</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, Jasvinder A" sort="Singh, Jasvinder A" uniqKey="Singh J" first="Jasvinder A" last="Singh">Jasvinder A. Singh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff320"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Alabama</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff321"><institution content-type="department">Medicine Service</institution>,<institution>US Department of Veteran Affairs</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Alabama</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sinha, Dhirendra Narain" sort="Sinha, Dhirendra Narain" uniqKey="Sinha D" first="Dhirendra Narain" last="Sinha">Dhirendra Narain Sinha</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff322"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>School of Preventive Oncology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Patna</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff323"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mumbai</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soares Filho, Adauto Martins" sort="Soares Filho, Adauto Martins" uniqKey="Soares Filho A" first="Adauto Martins" last="Soares Filho">Adauto Martins Soares Filho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff324"><institution content-type="department">Department of Diseases and Noncommunicable Diseases and Health Promotion</institution>,<institution>Federal Ministry of Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Brasilia</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soriano, Joan B" sort="Soriano, Joan B" uniqKey="Soriano J" first="Joan B" last="Soriano">Joan B. Soriano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff325"><institution>Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Autonomous University of Madrid</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff326"><institution>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soshnikov, Sergey" sort="Soshnikov, Sergey" uniqKey="Soshnikov S" first="Sergey" last="Soshnikov">Sergey Soshnikov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff327"><institution content-type="department">Department of Research Development</institution>,<institution>Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of the Ministry of Health (FRIHOI)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soyiri, Ireneous N" sort="Soyiri, Ireneous N" uniqKey="Soyiri I" first="Ireneous N" last="Soyiri">Ireneous N. Soyiri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff328"><institution content-type="department">Hull York Medical School</institution>,<institution>University of Hull</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hull City</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff329"><institution content-type="department">Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics</institution>,<institution>University of Edinburgh</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Edinburgh</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Starodubov, Vladimir I" sort="Starodubov, Vladimir I" uniqKey="Starodubov V" first="Vladimir I" last="Starodubov">Vladimir I. Starodubov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff330"><institution>Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of the Ministry of Health (FRIHOI)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stein, Dan J" sort="Stein, Dan J" uniqKey="Stein D" first="Dan J" last="Stein">Dan J. Stein</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff323"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mumbai</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff331"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health</institution>,<institution>University of Cape Town</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stokes, Mark A" sort="Stokes, Mark A" uniqKey="Stokes M" first="Mark A" last="Stokes">Mark A. Stokes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff332"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychology</institution>,<institution>Deakin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Burwood</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sufiyan, Mu Awiyyah Babale" sort="Sufiyan, Mu Awiyyah Babale" uniqKey="Sufiyan M" first="Mu'Awiyyah Babale" last="Sufiyan">Mu'Awiyyah Babale Sufiyan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff333"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Ahmadu Bello University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Zaria</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sunshine, Jacob E" sort="Sunshine, Jacob E" uniqKey="Sunshine J" first="Jacob E" last="Sunshine">Jacob E. Sunshine</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff334"><institution content-type="department">Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sykes, Bryan L" sort="Sykes, Bryan L" uniqKey="Sykes B" first="Bryan L" last="Sykes">Bryan L. Sykes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff335"><institution content-type="department">Department of Criminology, Law and Society</institution>,<institution>University of California Irvine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Irvine</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">California</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tabares Seisdedos, Rafael" sort="Tabares Seisdedos, Rafael" uniqKey="Tabares Seisdedos R" first="Rafael" last="Tabarés-Seisdedos">Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff336"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Valencia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Valencia</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff337"><institution>Carlos III Health Institute, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tabb, Karen M" sort="Tabb, Karen M" uniqKey="Tabb K" first="Karen M" last="Tabb">Karen M. Tabb</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff338"><institution content-type="department">School of Social Work</institution>,<institution>University of Illinois</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Urbana</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Illinois</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tehrani Banihashemi, Arash" sort="Tehrani Banihashemi, Arash" uniqKey="Tehrani Banihashemi A" first="Arash" last="Tehrani-Banihashemi">Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff226"><institution content-type="department">Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff339"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tessema, Gizachew Assefa" sort="Tessema, Gizachew Assefa" uniqKey="Tessema G" first="Gizachew Assefa" last="Tessema">Gizachew Assefa Tessema</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff340"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Gondar</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Gondar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff341"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Adelaide</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Adelaide</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">South Australia</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thakur, Jarnail Singh" sort="Thakur, Jarnail Singh" uniqKey="Thakur J" first="Jarnail Singh" last="Thakur">Jarnail Singh Thakur</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff342"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Chandigarh</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tran, Khanh Bao" sort="Tran, Khanh Bao" uniqKey="Tran K" first="Khanh Bao" last="Tran">Khanh Bao Tran</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff343"><institution content-type="department">Molecular Medicine and Pathology Department</institution>,<institution>University of Auckland</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Auckland</addr-line>,<country>New Zealand</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff344"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Hematology and Toxicology</institution>,<institution>Military Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hanoi</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tran, Bach Xuan" sort="Tran, Bach Xuan" uniqKey="Tran B" first="Bach Xuan" last="Tran">Bach Xuan Tran</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff345"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Economics</institution>,<institution>Hanoi Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hanoi</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tudor Car, Lorainne" sort="Tudor Car, Lorainne" uniqKey="Tudor Car L" first="Lorainne" last="Tudor Car">Lorainne Tudor Car</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff346"><institution content-type="department">Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Nanyang Technological University</institution>,<country>Singapore</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uthman, Olalekan A" sort="Uthman, Olalekan A" uniqKey="Uthman O" first="Olalekan A" last="Uthman">Olalekan A. Uthman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff347"><institution content-type="department">Division of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Warwick</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Coventry</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uzochukwu, Benjamin S Chudi" sort="Uzochukwu, Benjamin S Chudi" uniqKey="Uzochukwu B" first="Benjamin S Chudi" last="Uzochukwu">Benjamin S Chudi Uzochukwu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff348"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Nigeria Nsukka</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Enugu</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valdez, Pascual R" sort="Valdez, Pascual R" uniqKey="Valdez P" first="Pascual R" last="Valdez">Pascual R. Valdez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff349"><institution>Argentine Society of Medicine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Buenos Aires</addr-line>,<country>Argentina</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff350"><institution>Velez Sarsfield Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Buenos Aires</addr-line>,<country>Argentina</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Varavikova, Elena" sort="Varavikova, Elena" uniqKey="Varavikova E" first="Elena" last="Varavikova">Elena Varavikova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff351"><institution content-type="department">Central Research Institute of Cytology and Genetics</institution>,<institution>Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of the Ministry of Health (FRIHOI)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales" sort="Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales" uniqKey="Vasconcelos A" first="Ana Maria Nogales" last="Vasconcelos">Ana Maria Nogales Vasconcelos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff352"><institution content-type="department">Department of Statistics</institution>,<institution>University of Brasília</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Brasília</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff353"><institution content-type="department">Directorate of Social Studies and Policies</institution>,<institution>Federal District Planning Company</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Brasília</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy" sort="Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy" uniqKey="Venketasubramanian N" first="Narayanaswamy" last="Venketasubramanian">Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff354"><institution content-type="department">Raffles Neuroscience Centre</institution>,<institution>Raffles Hospital</institution>,<country>Singapore</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff355"><institution content-type="department">Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>National University of Singapore</institution>,<country>Singapore</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Violante, Francesco S" sort="Violante, Francesco S" uniqKey="Violante F" first="Francesco S" last="Violante">Francesco S. Violante</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff356"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Bologna</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bologna</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff357"><institution content-type="department">Occupational Health Unit</institution>,<institution>Sant’Orsola Malpighi Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bologna</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vlassov, Vasily" sort="Vlassov, Vasily" uniqKey="Vlassov V" first="Vasily" last="Vlassov">Vasily Vlassov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff358"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Care Administration and Economics</institution>,<institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waheed, Yasir" sort="Waheed, Yasir" uniqKey="Waheed Y" first="Yasir" last="Waheed">Yasir Waheed</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff359"><institution content-type="department">Foundation University Medical College</institution>,<institution>Foundation University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Islamabad</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Yuan Pang" sort="Wang, Yuan Pang" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yuan-Pang" last="Wang">Yuan-Pang Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff360"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>University of São Paulo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">São Paulo</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wijeratne, Tissa" sort="Wijeratne, Tissa" uniqKey="Wijeratne T" first="Tissa" last="Wijeratne">Tissa Wijeratne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff361"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychology and Counselling</institution>,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff362"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">St Albans</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Winkler, Andrea Sylvia" sort="Winkler, Andrea Sylvia" uniqKey="Winkler A" first="Andrea Sylvia" last="Winkler">Andrea Sylvia Winkler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff363"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Health and Society</institution>,<institution>University of Oslo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Oslo</addr-line>,<country>Norway</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff364"><institution content-type="department">Department of Neurology</institution>,<institution>Technical University of Munich</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Munich</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yadav, Priyanka" sort="Yadav, Priyanka" uniqKey="Yadav P" first="Priyanka" last="Yadav">Priyanka Yadav</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff365"><institution content-type="department">Centre for the Study of Regional Development</institution>,<institution>Jawahar Lal Nehru University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yano, Yuichiro" sort="Yano, Yuichiro" uniqKey="Yano Y" first="Yuichiro" last="Yano">Yuichiro Yano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff366"><institution content-type="department">Department of Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Northwestern University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Chicago</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Illinois</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yenesew, Muluken Azage" sort="Yenesew, Muluken Azage" uniqKey="Yenesew M" first="Muluken Azage" last="Yenesew">Muluken Azage Yenesew</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff194"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Bahir Dar University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bahir Dar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yip, Paul" sort="Yip, Paul" uniqKey="Yip P" first="Paul" last="Yip">Paul Yip</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff367"><institution content-type="department">Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention</institution>,<institution>University of Hong Kong</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hong Kong</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff368"><institution content-type="department">Department of Social Work and Social Administration</institution>,<institution>University of Hong Kong</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hong Kong</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yisma, Engida" sort="Yisma, Engida" uniqKey="Yisma E" first="Engida" last="Yisma">Engida Yisma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff369"><institution content-type="department">School of Allied Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Addis Ababa University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Addis Ababa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yonemoto, Naohiro" sort="Yonemoto, Naohiro" uniqKey="Yonemoto N" first="Naohiro" last="Yonemoto">Naohiro Yonemoto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff370"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychopharmacology</institution>,<institution>National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tokyo</addr-line>,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Younis, Mustafa Z" sort="Younis, Mustafa Z" uniqKey="Younis M" first="Mustafa Z" last="Younis">Mustafa Z. Younis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff371"><institution content-type="department">Health Economics & Finance</institution>,<institution>Jackson State University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jackson</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Mississippi</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff372"><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Tsinghua University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Beijing</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, Chuanhua" sort="Yu, Chuanhua" uniqKey="Yu C" first="Chuanhua" last="Yu">Chuanhua Yu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff373"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Wuhan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wuhan</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff374"><institution content-type="department">Global Health Institute</institution>,<institution>Wuhan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wuhan</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zafar, Shamsa" sort="Zafar, Shamsa" uniqKey="Zafar S" first="Shamsa" last="Zafar">Shamsa Zafar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff375"><institution content-type="department">Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology</institution>,<institution>A.C.S. Medical College and Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Islamabad</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zaidi, Zoubida" sort="Zaidi, Zoubida" uniqKey="Zaidi Z" first="Zoubida" last="Zaidi">Zoubida Zaidi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff376"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>University Hospital of Setif</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Setif</addr-line>,<country>Algeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zaman, Sojib Bin" sort="Zaman, Sojib Bin" uniqKey="Zaman S" first="Sojib Bin" last="Zaman">Sojib Bin Zaman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff377"><institution content-type="department">Maternal and Child Health Division</institution>,<institution>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dhaka</addr-line>,<country>Bangladesh</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff378"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Monash University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zamani, Mohammad" sort="Zamani, Mohammad" uniqKey="Zamani M" first="Mohammad" last="Zamani">Mohammad Zamani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff379"><institution content-type="department">Student Research Committee</institution>,<institution>Babol University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Babol</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Yong" sort="Zhao, Yong" uniqKey="Zhao Y" first="Yong" last="Zhao">Yong Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff380"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health and Management</institution>,<institution>Chongqing Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Chongqing</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zodpey, Sanjay" sort="Zodpey, Sanjay" uniqKey="Zodpey S" first="Sanjay" last="Zodpey">Sanjay Zodpey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff381"><institution content-type="department">Indian Institute of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Public Health Foundation of India</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Gurugram</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hay, Simon I" sort="Hay, Simon I" uniqKey="Hay S" first="Simon I" last="Hay">Simon I. Hay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff382"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lopez, Alan D" sort="Lopez, Alan D" uniqKey="Lopez A" first="Alan D" last="Lopez">Alan D. Lopez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff383"><institution>University of Melbourne</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Queensland</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mokdad, Ali H" sort="Mokdad, Ali H" uniqKey="Mokdad A" first="Ali H" last="Mokdad">Ali H. Mokdad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff382"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vos, Theo" sort="Vos, Theo" uniqKey="Vos T" first="Theo" last="Vos">Theo Vos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff382"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Injury Prevention</title><idno type="ISSN">1353-8047</idno><idno type="eISSN">1475-5785</idno><imprint><date when="2020">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>The epidemiological transition of non-communicable diseases replacing infectious diseases as the main contributors to disease burden has been well documented in global health literature. Less focus, however, has been given to the relationship between sociodemographic changes and injury. The aim of this study was to examine the association between disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from injury for 195 countries and territories at different levels along the development spectrum between 1990 and 2017 based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 estimates.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Injury mortality was estimated using the GBD mortality database, corrections for garbage coding and CODEm—the cause of death ensemble modelling tool. Morbidity estimation was based on surveys and inpatient and outpatient data sets for 30 cause-of-injury with 47 nature-of-injury categories each. The Socio-demographic Index (SDI) is a composite indicator that includes lagged income per capita, average educational attainment over age 15 years and total fertility rate.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>For many causes of injury, age-standardised DALY rates declined with increasing SDI, although road injury, interpersonal violence and self-harm did not follow this pattern. Particularly for self-harm opposing patterns were observed in regions with similar SDI levels. For road injuries, this effect was less pronounced.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>The overall global pattern is that of declining injury burden with increasing SDI. However, not all injuries follow this pattern, which suggests multiple underlying mechanisms influencing injury DALYs. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Inj Prev</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Inj Prev</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">injuryprev</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ip</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Injury Prevention</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1353-8047</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1475-5785</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BMJ Publishing Group</publisher-name><publisher-loc>BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">31915273</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7571356</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">injuryprev-2019-043296</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043296</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Research</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>1506</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Burden of injury along the development spectrum: associations between the Socio-demographic Index and disability-adjusted life year estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Haagsma</surname><given-names>Juanita A</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib id="author-69566267" contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4653-2507</contrib-id><name><surname>James</surname><given-names>Spencer L</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Castle</surname><given-names>Chris D</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib 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rid="aff305">305</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Saylan</surname><given-names>Mete</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff306">306</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schneider</surname><given-names>Ione J C</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff307">307</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schwebel</surname><given-names>David C</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff308">308</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Seedat</surname><given-names>Soraya</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff309">309</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sepanlou</surname><given-names>Sadaf G</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff185">185</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff186">186</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shaikh</surname><given-names>Masood Ali</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff310">310</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shams-Beyranvand</surname><given-names>Mehran</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff311">311</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff312">312</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shamsizadeh</surname><given-names>Morteza</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff313">313</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sharif-Alhoseini</surname><given-names>Mahdi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff276">276</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sheikh</surname><given-names>Aziz</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff314">314</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff315">315</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shen</surname><given-names>Jiabin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff316">316</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shigematsu</surname><given-names>Mika</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff317">317</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shiri</surname><given-names>Rahman</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff318">318</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shiue</surname><given-names>Ivy</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff319">319</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Silva</surname><given-names>João Pedro</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff53">53</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Singh</surname><given-names>Jasvinder A</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff320">320</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff321">321</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sinha</surname><given-names>Dhirendra Narain</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff322">322</xref><xref ref-type="aff" 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contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stein</surname><given-names>Dan J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff323">323</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff331">331</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stokes</surname><given-names>Mark A</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff332">332</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sufiyan</surname><given-names>Mu'awiyyah Babale</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff333">333</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sunshine</surname><given-names>Jacob E</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff334">334</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sykes</surname><given-names>Bryan L</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff335">335</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tabarés-Seisdedos</surname><given-names>Rafael</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff336">336</xref><xref 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contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tran</surname><given-names>Bach Xuan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff345">345</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tudor Car</surname><given-names>Lorainne</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff346">346</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Uthman</surname><given-names>Olalekan A</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff347">347</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Uzochukwu</surname><given-names>Benjamin S Chudi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff348">348</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Valdez</surname><given-names>Pascual R</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff349">349</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff350">350</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Varavikova</surname><given-names>Elena</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" 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contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Yuan-Pang</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff360">360</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wijeratne</surname><given-names>Tissa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff361">361</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff362">362</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Winkler</surname><given-names>Andrea Sylvia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff363">363</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff364">364</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yadav</surname><given-names>Priyanka</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff365">365</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yano</surname><given-names>Yuichiro</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff366">366</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yenesew</surname><given-names>Muluken Azage</given-names></name><xref 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contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zafar</surname><given-names>Shamsa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff375">375</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zaidi</surname><given-names>Zoubida</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff376">376</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zaman</surname><given-names>Sojib Bin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff377">377</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff378">378</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zamani</surname><given-names>Mohammad</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff379">379</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhao</surname><given-names>Yong</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff380">380</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zodpey</surname><given-names>Sanjay</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff381">381</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hay</surname><given-names>Simon I</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff382">382</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lopez</surname><given-names>Alan D</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff383">383</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mokdad</surname><given-names>Ali H</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff382">382</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vos</surname><given-names>Theo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff382">382</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Erasmus University Medical Center</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rotterdam</addr-line>,<country>The Netherlands</country></aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label><institution content-type="department">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University College Hospital Ibadan</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ibadan</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></aff><aff id="aff4"><label>4</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Anesthesiology</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff5"><label>5</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Jimma University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jimma</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff6"><label>6</label><institution>Higher National School of Veterinary Medicine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Algiers</addr-line>,<country>Algeria</country></aff><aff id="aff7"><label>7</label><institution content-type="department">Evidence Based Practice Center</institution>,<institution>Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rochester</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Minnesota</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff8"><label>8</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Population Health Research</institution>,<institution>King Abdullah International Medical Research Center</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></aff><aff id="aff9"><label>9</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Policy and Management</institution>,<institution>Kuwait University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Safat</addr-line>,<country>Kuwait</country></aff><aff id="aff10"><label>10</label><institution content-type="department">International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding</institution>,<institution>National University of Malaysia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bandar Tun Razak</addr-line>,<country>Malaysia</country></aff><aff id="aff11"><label>11</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Family and Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>King Abdulaziz University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jeddah</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></aff><aff id="aff12"><label>12</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery</institution>,<institution>University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bochum</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="aff13"><label>13</label><institution>King Saud University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></aff><aff id="aff14"><label>14</label><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rafsanjan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff15"><label>15</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Policy and Administration</institution>,<institution>University of the Philippines Manila</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Manila</addr-line>,<country>Philippines</country></aff><aff id="aff16"><label>16</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Applied Social Sciences</institution>,<institution>Hong Kong Polytechnic University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hong Kong</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff17"><label>17</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Sociology and Social Work</institution>,<institution>Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kumasi</addr-line>,<country>Ghana</country></aff><aff id="aff18"><label>18</label><institution content-type="department">Center for International Health</institution>,<institution>Ludwig Maximilians University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Munich</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="aff19"><label>19</label><institution content-type="department">School of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Birmingham City University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff20"><label>20</label><institution content-type="department">School of Science and Health</institution>,<institution>Western Sydney University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff21"><label>21</label><institution content-type="department">Oral Health Services</institution>,<institution>Sydney Local Health District</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff22"><label>22</label><institution>Qom University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Qom</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff23"><label>23</label><institution content-type="department">Education Development Center</institution>,<institution>Mashhad University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mashhad</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff24"><label>24</label><institution>Indian Institute of Public Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Gandhinagar</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff25"><label>25</label><institution content-type="department">The Judith Lumley Centre</institution>,<institution>La Trobe University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff26"><label>26</label><institution content-type="department">General Office for Research and Technological Transfer</institution>,<institution>Peruvian National Institute of Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lima</addr-line>,<country>Peru</country></aff><aff id="aff27"><label>27</label><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Auckland University of Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Auckland</addr-line>,<country>New Zealand</country></aff><aff id="aff28"><label>28</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Research</institution>,<institution>Public Health Perspective Nepal</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Pokhara-Lekhnath Metropolitan City</addr-line>,<country>Nepal</country></aff><aff id="aff29"><label>29</label><institution content-type="department">School of Psychology</institution>,<institution>University of Auckland</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Auckland</addr-line>,<country>New Zealand</country></aff><aff id="aff30"><label>30</label><institution>Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Heidelberg</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="aff31"><label>31</label><institution content-type="department">T.H. Chan School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Harvard University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Massachusetts</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff32"><label>32</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Los Angeles</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">California</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff33"><label>33</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences</institution>,<institution>David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Los Angeles</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">California</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff34"><label>34</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Gandhi Medical College Bhopal</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bhopal</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff35"><label>35</label><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Lorestan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Khorramabad</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff36"><label>36</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Lorestan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Khorramabad</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff37"><label>37</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Psychosocial Research</institution>,<institution>Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mexico City</addr-line>,<country>Mexico</country></aff><aff id="aff38"><label>38</label><institution content-type="department">Nuffield Department of Population Health</institution>,<institution>University of Oxford</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Oxford</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff39"><label>39</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Internal Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of São Paulo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">São Paulo</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></aff><aff id="aff40"><label>40</label><institution>The George Institute for Global Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff41"><label>41</label><institution content-type="department">Centre for Global Child Health</institution>,<institution>The Hospital for Sick Children</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Toronto</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff42"><label>42</label><institution content-type="department">Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health</institution>,<institution>Aga Khan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Karachi</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></aff><aff id="aff43"><label>43</label><institution>Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Babol</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff44"><label>44</label><institution>Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff45"><label>45</label><institution content-type="department">School of Population and Global Health</institution>,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff46"><label>46</label><institution content-type="department">Transport & Digital Development</institution>,<institution>World Bank</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Washington</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">District of Columbia</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff47"><label>47</label><institution content-type="department">Transport and Road Safety (TARS) Research Department</institution>,<institution>University of New South Wales</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff48"><label>48</label><institution>Institute of Epidemiology, Comenius University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bratislava</addr-line>,<country>Slovakia</country></aff><aff id="aff49"><label>49</label><institution>National Institute of Public Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cuernavaca</addr-line>,<country>Mexico</country></aff><aff id="aff50"><label>50</label><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of the Valley of Cuernavaca</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cuernavaca</addr-line>,<country>Mexico</country></aff><aff id="aff51"><label>51</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Population and Health</institution>,<institution>Metropolitan Autonomous University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mexico City</addr-line>,<country>Mexico</country></aff><aff id="aff52"><label>52</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Karolinska Institutet</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Stockholm</addr-line>,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="aff53"><label>53</label><institution content-type="department">UCIBIO</institution>,<institution>University of Porto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Porto</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></aff><aff id="aff54"><label>54</label><institution content-type="department">Colombian National Health Observatory</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bogota</addr-line>,<country>Colombia</country></aff><aff id="aff55"><label>55</label><institution content-type="department">Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group</institution>,<institution>National University of Colombia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bogota</addr-line>,<country>Colombia</country></aff><aff id="aff56"><label>56</label><institution content-type="department">National School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Carlos III Health Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="aff57"><label>57</label><institution content-type="department">Clinical Epidemiology Program</institution>,<institution>Ottawa Hospital Research Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff58"><label>58</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Science</institution>,<institution>Seoul National University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seoul</addr-line>,<country>South Korea</country></aff><aff id="aff59"><label>59</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Pulmonary Medicine</institution>,<institution>Christian Medical College and Hospital (CMC)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Vellore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff60"><label>60</label><institution content-type="department">Division of Plastic Surgery</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff61"><label>61</label><institution>Institute of Public Health Kalyani</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kalyani</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff62"><label>62</label><institution content-type="department">School of Health Science</institution>,<institution>Orebro University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Orebro</addr-line>,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="aff63"><label>63</label><institution content-type="department">Toxoplasmosis Research Center</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff64"><label>64</label><institution content-type="department">Department of General Surgery</institution>,<institution>Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></aff><aff id="aff65"><label>65</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Surgery</institution>,<institution>Clinical Emergency Hospital Sf. Pantelimon</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></aff><aff id="aff66"><label>66</label><institution content-type="department">National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre</institution>,<institution>University of New South Wales</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff67"><label>67</label><institution>Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mount Gravatt</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Queensland</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff68"><label>68</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Global Health and Infection</institution>,<institution>Brighton and Sussex Medical School</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Brighton</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff69"><label>69</label><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Addis Ababa University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Addis Ababa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff70"><label>70</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing</institution>,<institution>Debre Markos University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Debre Markos</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff71"><label>71</label><institution content-type="department">Centre for Global Child Health</institution>,<institution>The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Toronto</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff72"><label>72</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Peradeniya</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Peradeniya</addr-line>,<country>Sri Lanka</country></aff><aff id="aff73"><label>73</label><institution content-type="department">Center of Excellence in Health Service Management</institution>,<institution>Nguyen Tat Thanh University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ho Chi Minh</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></aff><aff id="aff74"><label>74</label><institution>University of New South Wales</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff75"><label>75</label><institution content-type="department">Sydney School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Sydney</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff76"><label>76</label><institution>United Nations World Food Programme</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff77"><label>77</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Karolinska Institutet</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Stockholm</addr-line>,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="aff78"><label>78</label><institution content-type="department">World Health Programme</institution>,<institution>Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rouyn-Noranda</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Quebec</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff79"><label>79</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Pathology</institution>,<institution>Stavanger University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Stavanger</addr-line>,<country>Norway</country></aff><aff id="aff80"><label>80</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Clinical Pathology</institution>,<institution>Mansoura University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mansoura</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></aff><aff id="aff81"><label>81</label><institution content-type="department">Public Health Department</institution>,<institution>Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Addis Ababa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff82"><label>82</label><institution content-type="department">Multiple Sclerosis Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff83"><label>83</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychology</institution>,<institution>Federal University of Sergipe</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sao Cristovao</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></aff><aff id="aff84"><label>84</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society</institution>,<institution>Karolinska Institutet</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Stockholm</addr-line>,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="aff85"><label>85</label><institution content-type="department">Division of Neurology</institution>,<institution>University of Ottawa</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff86"><label>86</label><institution content-type="department">REQUIMTE/LAQV</institution>,<institution>University of Porto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Porto</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></aff><aff id="aff87"><label>87</label><institution content-type="department">Psychiatry Department</institution>,<institution>Kaiser Permanente</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Fontana</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">California</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff88"><label>88</label><institution content-type="department">School of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>A.T. Still University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mesa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Arizona</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff89"><label>89</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Population Medicine and Health Services Research</institution>,<institution>Bielefeld University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bielefeld</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="aff90"><label>90</label><institution content-type="department">College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Science</institution>,<institution>James Cook University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Douglas</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Queensland</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff91"><label>91</label><institution content-type="department">Gene Expression & Regulation Program</institution>,<institution>The Wistar Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Philadelphia</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Pennsylvania</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff92"><label>92</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Dermatology</institution>,<institution>Kobe University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kobe</addr-line>,<country>Japan</country></aff><aff id="aff93"><label>93</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Mekelle University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mekelle</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff94"><label>94</label><institution content-type="department">Adelaide Medical School</institution>,<institution>University of Adelaide</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Adelaide</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">South Australia</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff95"><label>95</label><institution content-type="department">Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research</institution>,<institution>University of São Paulo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sao Paulo</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></aff><aff id="aff96"><label>96</label><institution content-type="department">Internal Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>University Hospital, University of São Paulo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sao Paulo</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></aff><aff id="aff97"><label>97</label><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Boston University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Massachusetts</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff98"><label>98</label><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Monash University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff99"><label>99</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Zhengzhou University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Zhengzhou</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff100"><label>100</label><institution>March of Dimes</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Arlington</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Virginia</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff101"><label>101</label><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>West Virginia University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Morgantown</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">West Virginia</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff102"><label>102</label><institution content-type="department">Institute for Global Health</institution>,<institution>University College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff103"><label>103</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacology</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff104"><label>104</label><institution content-type="department">Obesity Research Center</institution>,<institution>Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff105"><label>105</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Radiology</institution>,<institution>Johns Hopkins University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Baltimore</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Maryland</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff106"><label>106</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Family and Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Arabian Gulf University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Manama</addr-line>,<country>Bahrain</country></aff><aff id="aff107"><label>107</label><institution content-type="department">School of Health and Environmental Studies</institution>,<institution>Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dubai</addr-line>,<country>United Arab Emirates</country></aff><aff id="aff108"><label>108</label><institution>Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="aff109"><label>109</label><institution content-type="department">Research and Development Unit</institution>,<institution>San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sant Boi de Llobregat</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="aff110"><label>110</label><institution content-type="department">School of Nursing and Midwifery</institution>,<institution>Tabriz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tabriz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff111"><label>111</label><institution>Independent Consultant</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tabriz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff112"><label>112</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Mizan-Tepi University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Teppi</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff113"><label>113</label><institution content-type="department">Unit of Epidemiology and Social Medicine</institution>,<institution>University Hospital Antwerp</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wilrijk</addr-line>,<country>Belgium</country></aff><aff id="aff114"><label>114</label><institution content-type="department">Clinical Sciences</institution>,<institution>Karolinska University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Stockholm</addr-line>,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="aff115"><label>115</label><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Curtin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Perth</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Western Australia</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff116"><label>116</label><institution content-type="department">Research Coordination</institution>,<institution>AC Environments Foundation</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cuernavaca</addr-line>,<country>Mexico</country></aff><aff id="aff117"><label>117</label><institution content-type="department">CISS</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Public Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cuernavaca</addr-line>,<country>Mexico</country></aff><aff id="aff118"><label>118</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Pediatrics</institution>,<institution>Dell Medical School, University of Texas Austin</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Austin</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Texas</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff119"><label>119</label><institution content-type="department">Guilan Road Trauma Research Center</institution>,<institution>Guilan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rasht</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff120"><label>120</label><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Guilan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rasht</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff121"><label>121</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics</institution>,<institution>Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dhaka</addr-line>,<country>Bangladesh</country></aff><aff id="aff122"><label>122</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacology</institution>,<institution>Bangladesh Industrial Gases Limited</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tangail</addr-line>,<country>Bangladesh</country></aff><aff id="aff123"><label>123</label><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics</institution>,<institution>Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></aff><aff id="aff124"><label>124</label><institution content-type="department">Clinical Legal Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></aff><aff id="aff125"><label>125</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics</institution>,<institution>Central South University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Changsha</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff126"><label>126</label><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of the Western Cape</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bellville</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></aff><aff id="aff127"><label>127</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Walter Sisulu University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mthatha</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></aff><aff id="aff128"><label>128</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Ibadan</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ibadan</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></aff><aff id="aff129"><label>129</label><institution>Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff130"><label>130</label><institution content-type="department">Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition</institution>,<institution>Deakin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Burwood</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff131"><label>131</label><institution content-type="department">Sydney Medical School</institution>,<institution>University of Sydney</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff132"><label>132</label><institution content-type="department">Injury Division</institution>,<institution>The George Institute for Global Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Newtown</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff133"><label>133</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Global and Community Health</institution>,<institution>George Mason University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Fairfax</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Virginia</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff134"><label>134</label><institution content-type="department">School of Management and Medical Education</institution>,<institution>Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff135"><label>135</label><institution content-type="department">Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center</institution>,<institution>Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff136"><label>136</label><institution content-type="department">Department for Health Care and Public Health</institution>,<institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></aff><aff id="aff137"><label>137</label><institution content-type="department">Institute of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Colombo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Colombo</addr-line>,<country>Sri Lanka</country></aff><aff id="aff138"><label>138</label><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Graduate Studies</institution>,<institution>University of Colombo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Colombo</addr-line>,<country>Sri Lanka</country></aff><aff id="aff139"><label>139</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Banaras Hindu University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Varanasi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff140"><label>140</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Ophthalmology</institution>,<institution>Heidelberg University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mannheim</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="aff141"><label>141</label><institution content-type="department">Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology</institution>,<institution>Beijing Tongren Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Beijing</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff142"><label>142</label><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff143"><label>143</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Family Medicine and Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Opole</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Opole</addr-line>,<country>Poland</country></aff><aff id="aff144"><label>144</label><institution content-type="department">Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Tartu</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tartu</addr-line>,<country>Estonia</country></aff><aff id="aff145"><label>145</label><institution content-type="department">Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff146"><label>146</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Neurology</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff147"><label>147</label><institution content-type="department">Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff148"><label>148</label><institution content-type="department">Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff149"><label>149</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Dermatology</institution>,<institution>Wolaita Sodo University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wolaita Sodo</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff150"><label>150</label><institution content-type="department">Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit</institution>,<institution>Medical Research Council South Africa</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></aff><aff id="aff151"><label>151</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Cape Town</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></aff><aff id="aff152"><label>152</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health and Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Jordan University of Science and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ramtha</addr-line>,<country>Jordan</country></aff><aff id="aff153"><label>153</label><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ahvaz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff154"><label>154</label><institution content-type="department">School of Food and Agricultural Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Management and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lahore</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></aff><aff id="aff155"><label>155</label><institution content-type="department">Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department</institution>,<institution>Health Services Academy</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Islamabad</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></aff><aff id="aff156"><label>156</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></aff><aff id="aff157"><label>157</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Policy and Management</institution>,<institution>Johns Hopkins University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Baltimore</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Maryland</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff158"><label>158</label><institution content-type="department">Clinical Epidemiology Unit</institution>,<institution>Lund University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lund</addr-line>,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="aff159"><label>159</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Korea University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seoul</addr-line>,<country>South Korea</country></aff><aff id="aff160"><label>160</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Northeastern University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Massachusetts</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff161"><label>161</label><institution content-type="department">School of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Kristiania University College</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Oslo</addr-line>,<country>Norway</country></aff><aff id="aff162"><label>162</label><institution content-type="department">CIBERSAM</institution>,<institution>San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sant Boi de Llobregat</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="aff163"><label>163</label><institution>Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Barcelona</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="aff164"><label>164</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Demography</institution>,<institution>University of Montreal</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Montreal</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Quebec</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff165"><label>165</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Social and Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Montreal</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Montreal</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Quebec</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff166"><label>166</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Yuksek Ihtisas University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ankara</addr-line>,<country>Turkey</country></aff><aff id="aff167"><label>167</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Hacettepe University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ankara</addr-line>,<country>Turkey</country></aff><aff id="aff168"><label>168</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>University of Nairobi</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Nairobi</addr-line>,<country>Kenya</country></aff><aff id="aff169"><label>169</label><institution content-type="department">Division of Psychology and Language Sciences</institution>,<institution>University College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff170"><label>170</label><institution content-type="department">School of Dentistry</institution>,<institution>The University of Queensland</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Brisbane</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Queensland</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff171"><label>171</label><institution>Institute of Health Policy and Development Studies, National Institutes of Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Manila</addr-line>,<country>Philippines</country></aff><aff id="aff172"><label>172</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Community and Family Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Baghdad</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Baghdad</addr-line>,<country>Iraq</country></aff><aff id="aff173"><label>173</label><institution>HelpMeSee</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New York City</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New York</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff174"><label>174</label><institution content-type="department">International Relations Department</institution>,<institution>Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Queretaro</addr-line>,<country>Mexico</country></aff><aff id="aff175"><label>175</label><institution content-type="department">College of Optometry</institution>,<institution>Nova Southeastern University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Fort Lauderdale</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Florida</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff176"><label>176</label><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Haifa</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Haifa</addr-line>,<country>Israel</country></aff><aff id="aff177"><label>177</label><institution content-type="department">Department of General Surgery</institution>,<institution>Aintree University Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Liverpool</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff178"><label>178</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Surgery</institution>,<institution>University of Liverpool</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Liverpool</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff179"><label>179</label><institution content-type="department">Anesthesiology, Pain and Intensive Care Department</institution>,<institution>Federal University of São Paulo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sao Paulo</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></aff><aff id="aff180"><label>180</label><institution content-type="department">Radiology Department</institution>,<institution>Mansoura Faculty of Medicine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mansoura</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></aff><aff id="aff181"><label>181</label><institution content-type="department">Ophthalmology Department</institution>,<institution>Aswan Faculty of Medicine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Aswan</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></aff><aff id="aff182"><label>182</label><institution content-type="department">Institute of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Tribhuvan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kathmandu</addr-line>,<country>Nepal</country></aff><aff id="aff183"><label>183</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Trnava University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Trnava</addr-line>,<country>Slovakia</country></aff><aff id="aff184"><label>184</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Primary Care and Public Health</institution>,<institution>Imperial College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff185"><label>185</label><institution content-type="department">Digestive Diseases Research Institute</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff186"><label>186</label><institution content-type="department">Non-communicable Diseases Research Center</institution>,<institution>Shiraz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Shiraz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff187"><label>187</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Humanities and Social Sciences</institution>,<institution>Indian Institute of Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Roorkee</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Haridwar</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff188"><label>188</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Development Studies</institution>,<institution>International Institute for Population Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mumbai</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff189"><label>189</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health</institution>,<institution>Federal University of Minas Gerais</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></aff><aff id="aff190"><label>190</label><institution content-type="department">Surgery Department</institution>,<institution>Emergency University Hospital Bucharest</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></aff><aff id="aff191"><label>191</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff192"><label>192</label><institution content-type="department">Research Department</institution>,<institution>The George Institute for Global Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff193"><label>193</label><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of New South Wales</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff194"><label>194</label><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Bahir Dar University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bahir Dar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff195"><label>195</label><institution content-type="department">Neurology Department</institution>,<institution>Janakpuri Super Specialty Hospital Society</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff196"><label>196</label><institution content-type="department">Neurology Department</institution>,<institution>Govind Ballabh Institute of Medical Education and Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff197"><label>197</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences</institution>,<institution>Bahir Dar University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bahir Dar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff198"><label>198</label><institution content-type="department">Peru Country Office</institution>,<institution>United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lima</addr-line>,<country>Peru</country></aff><aff id="aff199"><label>199</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Haramaya University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Harar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff200"><label>200</label><institution content-type="department">Breast Surgery Unit</institution>,<institution>Helsinki University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Helsinki</addr-line>,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="aff201"><label>201</label><institution>University of Helsinki</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Helsinki</addr-line>,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="aff202"><label>202</label><institution content-type="department">Neurocenter</institution>,<institution>Helsinki University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Helsinki</addr-line>,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="aff203"><label>203</label><institution content-type="department">School of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff204"><label>204</label><institution content-type="department">Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit</institution>,<institution>Zora Profozic Polyclinic</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Zagreb</addr-line>,<country>Croatia</country></aff><aff id="aff205"><label>205</label><institution content-type="department">University Centre Varazdin</institution>,<institution>University North</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Varazdin</addr-line>,<country>Croatia</country></aff><aff id="aff206"><label>206</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases & Arterial Hypertension</institution>,<institution>Pomeranian Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Szczecin</addr-line>,<country>Poland</country></aff><aff id="aff207"><label>207</label><institution>Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Calverton</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Maryland</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff208"><label>208</label><institution content-type="department">Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies</institution>,<institution>Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Trivandrum</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff209"><label>209</label><institution>Global Institute of Public Health (GIPH), Ananthapuri Hospitals and Research Centre</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Trivandrum</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff210"><label>210</label><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Internal Medicine</institution>,<institution>Kyrgyz State Medical Academy</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bishkek</addr-line>,<country>Kyrgyzstan</country></aff><aff id="aff211"><label>211</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease</institution>,<institution>National Center of Cardiology and Internal Disease</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bishkek</addr-line>,<country>Kyrgyzstan</country></aff><aff id="aff212"><label>212</label><institution>Institute of Addiction Research (ISFF), Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Frankfurt</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="aff213"><label>213</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Hamadan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamadan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff214"><label>214</label><institution>Hamadan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamadan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff215"><label>215</label><institution content-type="department">Health Systems and Policy Research Unit</institution>,<institution>Ahmadu Bello University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Zaria</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></aff><aff id="aff216"><label>216</label><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine</institution>,<institution>King’s College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff217"><label>217</label><institution content-type="department">Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit</institution>,<institution>Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Trieste</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></aff><aff id="aff218"><label>218</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging</institution>,<institution>University of Messina</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Messina</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></aff><aff id="aff219"><label>219</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Neurology</institution>,<institution>Oasi Research Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Troina</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></aff><aff id="aff220"><label>220</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Miami</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Miami</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Florida</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff221"><label>221</label><institution content-type="department">Center for Health Systems Research</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Public Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cuernavaca</addr-line>,<country>Mexico</country></aff><aff id="aff222"><label>222</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of KwaZulu-Natal</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Durban</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></aff><aff id="aff223"><label>223</label><institution content-type="department">Health Sciences Research Center</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff224"><label>224</label><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sanandaj</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff225"><label>225</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sanandaj</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff226"><label>226</label><institution content-type="department">Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff227"><label>227</label><institution content-type="department">International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health</institution>,<institution>Queensland University of Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Brisbane</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Queensland</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff228"><label>228</label><institution>Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Panama City</addr-line>,<country>Panama</country></aff><aff id="aff229"><label>229</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Surgery</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff230"><label>230</label><institution content-type="department">1st Department of Ophthalmology</institution>,<institution>University of Athens</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Athens</addr-line>,<country>Greece</country></aff><aff id="aff231"><label>231</label><institution content-type="department">Biomedical Research Foundation</institution>,<institution>Academy of Athens</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Athens</addr-line>,<country>Greece</country></aff><aff id="aff232"><label>232</label><institution content-type="department">Health Management Reserach Center</institution>,<institution>Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff233"><label>233</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Management and Economics</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff234"><label>234</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Pediatrics</institution>,<institution>University of British Columbia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Vancouver</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">British Columbia</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff235"><label>235</label><institution content-type="department">School of Medical Sciences</institution>,<institution>Science University of Malaysia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kubang Kerian</addr-line>,<country>Malaysia</country></aff><aff id="aff236"><label>236</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Alabama</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff237"><label>237</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff238"><label>238</label><institution>Suraj Eye Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Nagpur</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff239"><label>239</label><institution>Hospital of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Federal University of Minas Gerais</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></aff><aff id="aff240"><label>240</label><institution>Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></aff><aff id="aff241"><label>241</label><institution content-type="department">General Surgery Department</institution>,<institution>Emergency Hospital of Bucharest</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></aff><aff id="aff242"><label>242</label><institution content-type="department">Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine</institution>,<institution>Nguyen Tat Thanh University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ho Chi Minh</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></aff><aff id="aff243"><label>243</label><institution>Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hanoi</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></aff><aff id="aff244"><label>244</label><institution content-type="department">Public Health Department</institution>,<institution>Universitas Negeri Semarang</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kota Semarang</addr-line>,<country>Indonesia</country></aff><aff id="aff245"><label>245</label><institution>Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Taipei City</addr-line>,<country>Taiwan</country></aff><aff id="aff246"><label>246</label><institution content-type="department">Clinical Pharmacy Unit</institution>,<institution>Mekelle University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mekelle</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff247"><label>247</label><institution content-type="department">Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics</institution>,<institution>Monash University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff248"><label>248</label><institution>Independent Consultant</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Accra</addr-line>,<country>Ghana</country></aff><aff id="aff249"><label>249</label><institution content-type="department">Translational Health Research Institute</institution>,<institution>Western Sydney University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Penrith</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff250"><label>250</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Kyung Hee University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dongdaemun-gu</addr-line>,<country>South Korea</country></aff><aff id="aff251"><label>251</label><institution content-type="department">HAST</institution>,<institution>Human Sciences Research Council</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Durban</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></aff><aff id="aff252"><label>252</label><institution>School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Namibia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Osakhati</addr-line>,<country>Namibia</country></aff><aff id="aff253"><label>253</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences</institution>,<institution>McMaster University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamilton</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">ON</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff254"><label>254</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>University of Lagos</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lagos</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></aff><aff id="aff255"><label>255</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine</institution>,<institution>McMaster University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamilton</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff256"><label>256</label><institution content-type="department">Institute of Physical Activity and Health</institution>,<institution>Autonomous University of Chile</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Talca</addr-line>,<country>Chile</country></aff><aff id="aff257"><label>257</label><institution content-type="department">Applied Research Division</institution>,<institution>Public Health Agency of Canada</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff258"><label>258</label><institution content-type="department">School of Psychology</institution>,<institution>University of Ottawa</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff259"><label>259</label><institution content-type="department">Analytical Center</institution>,<institution>Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dolgoprudny</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></aff><aff id="aff260"><label>260</label><institution content-type="department">Committee for the Comprehensive Assessment of Medical Devices and Information Technology</institution>,<institution>Health Technology Assessment Association</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></aff><aff id="aff261"><label>261</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Respiratory Medicine</institution>,<institution>Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Academy of Health Education and Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mysore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff262"><label>262</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff263"><label>263</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine</institution>,<institution>Kosin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Busan</addr-line>,<country>South Korea</country></aff><aff id="aff264"><label>264</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Paediatrics</institution>,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff265"><label>265</label><institution content-type="department">Population Health Department</institution>,<institution>Murdoch Childrens Research Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff266"><label>266</label><institution content-type="department">School of Optometry and Vision Science</institution>,<institution>University of New South Wales</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff267"><label>267</label><institution content-type="department">Shanghai Mental Health Center</institution>,<institution>Shanghai Jiao Tong University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Shanghai</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff268"><label>268</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry, Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Columbia University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New York City</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New York</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff269"><label>269</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Nephrology</institution>,<institution>Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lucknow</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff270"><label>270</label><institution content-type="department">College of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Central Florida</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Orlando</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Florida</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff271"><label>271</label><institution content-type="department">College of Graduate Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>A.T. Still University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mesa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Arizona</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff272"><label>272</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Contech School of Public Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lahore</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></aff><aff id="aff273"><label>273</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Immunology</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff274"><label>274</label><institution content-type="department">Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff275"><label>275</label><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff276"><label>276</label><institution content-type="department">Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff277"><label>277</label><institution content-type="department">School of Nursing and Healthcare Professions</institution>,<institution>Federation University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Heidelberg</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff278"><label>278</label><institution content-type="department">National Centre for Farmer Health</institution>,<institution>Deakin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Waurn Ponds</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff279"><label>279</label><institution>Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Suri</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff280"><label>280</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Economics</institution>,<institution>University of Göttingen</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Göttingen</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="aff281"><label>281</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacology</institution>,<institution>Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff282"><label>282</label><institution content-type="department">Academic Public Health Department</institution>,<institution>Public Health England</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff283"><label>283</label><institution content-type="department">WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training</institution>,<institution>Imperial College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff284"><label>284</label><institution>University College London Hospitals</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff285"><label>285</label><institution content-type="department">School of Social Sciences and Psychology</institution>,<institution>Western Sydney University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Penrith</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff286"><label>286</label><institution>Brien Holden Vision Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff287"><label>287</label><institution>Organization for the Prevention of Blindness</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Paris</addr-line>,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="aff288"><label>288</label><institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff289"><label>289</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Clinical Research</institution>,<institution>Federal University of Uberlândia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Uberlândia</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></aff><aff id="aff290"><label>290</label><institution content-type="department">Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology</institution>,<institution>Golestan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Gorgan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff291"><label>291</label><institution content-type="department">National Institute for Research in Environmental Health</institution>,<institution>Indian Council of Medical Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bhopal</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff292"><label>292</label><institution content-type="department">College of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Sharjah</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sharjah</addr-line>,<country>United Arab Emirates</country></aff><aff id="aff293"><label>293</label><institution content-type="department">Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff294"><label>294</label><institution content-type="department">Health and Disability Intelligence Group</institution>,<institution>Ministry of Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wellington</addr-line>,<country>New Zealand</country></aff><aff id="aff295"><label>295</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Entomology</institution>,<institution>Ain Shams University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cairo</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></aff><aff id="aff296"><label>296</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Surgery</institution>,<institution>Marshall University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Huntington</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">West Virginia</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff297"><label>297</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Case Western Reserve University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cleveland</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ohio</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff298"><label>298</label><institution content-type="department">Rheumatology Department</institution>,<institution>University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bristol</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff299"><label>299</label><institution content-type="department">Institute of Bone and Joint Research</institution>,<institution>University of Sydney</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Syndey</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff300"><label>300</label><institution content-type="department">Institute of Social Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Belgrade</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Belgrade</addr-line>,<country>Serbia</country></aff><aff id="aff301"><label>301</label><institution content-type="department">Centre-School of Public Health and Health Management</institution>,<institution>University of Belgrade</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Belgrade</addr-line>,<country>Serbia</country></aff><aff id="aff302"><label>302</label><institution content-type="department">UGC Centre of Advanced Study in Psychology</institution>,<institution>Utkal University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bhubaneswar</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff303"><label>303</label><institution>Udyam-Global Association for Sustainable Development</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bhubaneswar</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff304"><label>304</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of North Carolina at Charlotte</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Charlotte</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">North Carolina</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff305"><label>305</label><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Imperial College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff306"><label>306</label><institution content-type="department">Market Access Department</institution>,<institution>Bayer</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Istanbul</addr-line>,<country>Turkey</country></aff><aff id="aff307"><label>307</label><institution content-type="department">School of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Federal University of Santa Catarina</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ararangua</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></aff><aff id="aff308"><label>308</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychology</institution>,<institution>University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Alabama</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff309"><label>309</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>Stellenbosch University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></aff><aff id="aff310"><label>310</label><institution>Independent Consultant</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Karachi</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></aff><aff id="aff311"><label>311</label><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Dezful University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dezful</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff312"><label>312</label><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Alborz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Karaj</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff313"><label>313</label><institution content-type="department">Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center</institution>,<institution>Hamadan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamadan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff314"><label>314</label><institution content-type="department">Centre for Medical Informatics</institution>,<institution>University of Edinburgh</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Edinburgh</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff315"><label>315</label><institution content-type="department">Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care</institution>,<institution>Harvard University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Massachusetts</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff316"><label>316</label><institution content-type="department">Center for Pediatric Trauma Research</institution>,<institution>Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Columbus</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ohio</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff317"><label>317</label><institution>National Institute of Infectious Diseases</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tokyo</addr-line>,<country>Japan</country></aff><aff id="aff318"><label>318</label><institution>Finnish Institute of Occupational Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Helsinki</addr-line>,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="aff319"><label>319</label><institution content-type="department">Institute of Medical Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Halle</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="aff320"><label>320</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Alabama</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff321"><label>321</label><institution content-type="department">Medicine Service</institution>,<institution>US Department of Veteran Affairs</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Alabama</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff322"><label>322</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>School of Preventive Oncology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Patna</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff323"><label>323</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mumbai</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff324"><label>324</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Diseases and Noncommunicable Diseases and Health Promotion</institution>,<institution>Federal Ministry of Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Brasilia</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></aff><aff id="aff325"><label>325</label><institution>Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Autonomous University of Madrid</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="aff326"><label>326</label><institution>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="aff327"><label>327</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Research Development</institution>,<institution>Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of the Ministry of Health (FRIHOI)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></aff><aff id="aff328"><label>328</label><institution content-type="department">Hull York Medical School</institution>,<institution>University of Hull</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hull City</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff329"><label>329</label><institution content-type="department">Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics</institution>,<institution>University of Edinburgh</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Edinburgh</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff330"><label>330</label><institution>Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of the Ministry of Health (FRIHOI)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></aff><aff id="aff331"><label>331</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health</institution>,<institution>University of Cape Town</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></aff><aff id="aff332"><label>332</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychology</institution>,<institution>Deakin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Burwood</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff333"><label>333</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Ahmadu Bello University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Zaria</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></aff><aff id="aff334"><label>334</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff335"><label>335</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Criminology, Law and Society</institution>,<institution>University of California Irvine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Irvine</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">California</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff336"><label>336</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Valencia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Valencia</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="aff337"><label>337</label><institution>Carlos III Health Institute, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="aff338"><label>338</label><institution content-type="department">School of Social Work</institution>,<institution>University of Illinois</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Urbana</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Illinois</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff339"><label>339</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff340"><label>340</label><institution content-type="department">Institute of Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Gondar</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Gondar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff341"><label>341</label><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Adelaide</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Adelaide</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">South Australia</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff342"><label>342</label><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Chandigarh</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff343"><label>343</label><institution content-type="department">Molecular Medicine and Pathology Department</institution>,<institution>University of Auckland</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Auckland</addr-line>,<country>New Zealand</country></aff><aff id="aff344"><label>344</label><institution content-type="department">Clinical Hematology and Toxicology</institution>,<institution>Military Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hanoi</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></aff><aff id="aff345"><label>345</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Economics</institution>,<institution>Hanoi Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hanoi</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></aff><aff id="aff346"><label>346</label><institution content-type="department">Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Nanyang Technological University</institution>,<country>Singapore</country></aff><aff id="aff347"><label>347</label><institution content-type="department">Division of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Warwick</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Coventry</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff348"><label>348</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Nigeria Nsukka</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Enugu</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></aff><aff id="aff349"><label>349</label><institution>Argentine Society of Medicine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Buenos Aires</addr-line>,<country>Argentina</country></aff><aff id="aff350"><label>350</label><institution>Velez Sarsfield Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Buenos Aires</addr-line>,<country>Argentina</country></aff><aff id="aff351"><label>351</label><institution content-type="department">Central Research Institute of Cytology and Genetics</institution>,<institution>Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of the Ministry of Health (FRIHOI)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></aff><aff id="aff352"><label>352</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Statistics</institution>,<institution>University of Brasília</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Brasília</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></aff><aff id="aff353"><label>353</label><institution content-type="department">Directorate of Social Studies and Policies</institution>,<institution>Federal District Planning Company</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Brasília</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></aff><aff id="aff354"><label>354</label><institution content-type="department">Raffles Neuroscience Centre</institution>,<institution>Raffles Hospital</institution>,<country>Singapore</country></aff><aff id="aff355"><label>355</label><institution content-type="department">Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>National University of Singapore</institution>,<country>Singapore</country></aff><aff id="aff356"><label>356</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Bologna</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bologna</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></aff><aff id="aff357"><label>357</label><institution content-type="department">Occupational Health Unit</institution>,<institution>Sant’Orsola Malpighi Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bologna</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></aff><aff id="aff358"><label>358</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Care Administration and Economics</institution>,<institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></aff><aff id="aff359"><label>359</label><institution content-type="department">Foundation University Medical College</institution>,<institution>Foundation University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Islamabad</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></aff><aff id="aff360"><label>360</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>University of São Paulo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">São Paulo</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></aff><aff id="aff361"><label>361</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychology and Counselling</institution>,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff362"><label>362</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">St Albans</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff363"><label>363</label><institution content-type="department">Institute of Health and Society</institution>,<institution>University of Oslo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Oslo</addr-line>,<country>Norway</country></aff><aff id="aff364"><label>364</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Neurology</institution>,<institution>Technical University of Munich</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Munich</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="aff365"><label>365</label><institution content-type="department">Centre for the Study of Regional Development</institution>,<institution>Jawahar Lal Nehru University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff366"><label>366</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Northwestern University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Chicago</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Illinois</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff367"><label>367</label><institution content-type="department">Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention</institution>,<institution>University of Hong Kong</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hong Kong</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff368"><label>368</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Social Work and Social Administration</institution>,<institution>University of Hong Kong</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hong Kong</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff369"><label>369</label><institution content-type="department">School of Allied Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Addis Ababa University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Addis Ababa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff370"><label>370</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychopharmacology</institution>,<institution>National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tokyo</addr-line>,<country>Japan</country></aff><aff id="aff371"><label>371</label><institution content-type="department">Health Economics & Finance</institution>,<institution>Jackson State University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jackson</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Mississippi</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff372"><label>372</label><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Tsinghua University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Beijing</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff373"><label>373</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Wuhan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wuhan</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff374"><label>374</label><institution content-type="department">Global Health Institute</institution>,<institution>Wuhan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wuhan</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff375"><label>375</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology</institution>,<institution>A.C.S. Medical College and Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Islamabad</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></aff><aff id="aff376"><label>376</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>University Hospital of Setif</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Setif</addr-line>,<country>Algeria</country></aff><aff id="aff377"><label>377</label><institution content-type="department">Maternal and Child Health Division</institution>,<institution>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dhaka</addr-line>,<country>Bangladesh</country></aff><aff id="aff378"><label>378</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Monash University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff379"><label>379</label><institution content-type="department">Student Research Committee</institution>,<institution>Babol University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Babol</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff380"><label>380</label><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health and Management</institution>,<institution>Chongqing Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Chongqing</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff381"><label>381</label><institution content-type="department">Indian Institute of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Public Health Foundation of India</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Gurugram</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff382"><label>382</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Washington</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="aff383"><label>383</label><institution>University of Melbourne</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Queensland</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><author-notes><corresp><label>Correspondence to</label> Dr Spencer L James, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98121, USA; <email>spencj@uw.edu</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>8</day><month>1</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>Suppl 1</issue><fpage>i12</fpage><lpage>i26</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>03</day><month>5</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>08</day><month>8</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>12</day><month>8</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><ali:license_ref start_date="2020-01-08">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref><license-p>This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to copy, redistribute, remix, transform and build upon this work for any purpose, provided the original work is properly cited, a link to the licence is given, and indication of whether changes were made. See: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:href="injuryprev-2019-043296.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Background</title><p>The epidemiological transition of non-communicable diseases replacing infectious diseases as the main contributors to disease burden has been well documented in global health literature. Less focus, however, has been given to the relationship between sociodemographic changes and injury. The aim of this study was to examine the association between disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from injury for 195 countries and territories at different levels along the development spectrum between 1990 and 2017 based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 estimates.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Injury mortality was estimated using the GBD mortality database, corrections for garbage coding and CODEm—the cause of death ensemble modelling tool. Morbidity estimation was based on surveys and inpatient and outpatient data sets for 30 cause-of-injury with 47 nature-of-injury categories each. The Socio-demographic Index (SDI) is a composite indicator that includes lagged income per capita, average educational attainment over age 15 years and total fertility rate.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>For many causes of injury, age-standardised DALY rates declined with increasing SDI, although road injury, interpersonal violence and self-harm did not follow this pattern. Particularly for self-harm opposing patterns were observed in regions with similar SDI levels. For road injuries, this effect was less pronounced.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>The overall global pattern is that of declining injury burden with increasing SDI. However, not all injuries follow this pattern, which suggests multiple underlying mechanisms influencing injury DALYs. There is a need for a detailed understanding of these patterns to help to inform national and global efforts to address injury-related health outcomes across the development spectrum.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>epidemiology</kwd><kwd>descriptive epidemiology</kwd><kwd>burden of disease</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group id="funding-1"><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="FundRef">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000865</institution-id><institution>Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>OPP1152504</award-id></award-group></funding-group><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>special-feature</meta-name><meta-value>unlocked</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front><body><sec sec-type="intro" id="s1"><title>Introduction</title><p>Injury is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in nations at any point of the development spectrum. Previous research has shown that in 2015, injuries accounted for 11% of the global burden of disease, expressed in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), with an estimated 973 million people sustaining injuries warranting some type of healthcare and 4.7 million deaths.<xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref> Globally, since 1990, focused injury burden research has documented a declining trend in the burden of injury of all the major causes of injury.<xref rid="R2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref></p><p>The epidemiological transition of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) replacing infectious diseases as the main contributors to disease burden has been well-documented.<xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1 3 4</xref> However, less focus has been given to the relationship between sociodemographic changes and injury outcomes. Up till now, few studies have been performed that studied the relationship between sociodemographic changes and overall injury rates. There have been reports on the associations of gross domestic product and unemployment with suicides, homicides, road injury and unintentional injuries.<xref rid="R5" ref-type="bibr">5–12</xref> However, these studies focused on one specific cause of injury and on one type of injury outcome, mostly mortality. The findings of these studies indicated that the relationship between economic development and injury burden is not straightforward and mediated by many factors. A better understanding of this relationship may be achieved by investigating all causes of injury as well as looking at both fatal and non-fatal injury outcome.</p><p>Insight into the epidemiological transitions with regard to injuries can be achieved by a systematic analysis of the relationship between development and trends in mortality, incidence and burden of disease using a standardised approach. A systematic analysis may also reveal where health gains outpace or fall behind changes in development and allow for the identification of determinants and mediating factors of injury burden. This information allows identification determinants of injury burden. This information serves as a crucial input for guiding health system investments and priority-setting at the global, regional, national and subnational levels.</p><p>The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2015 study introduced a measure of development, the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). SDI combines information on income per capita, education and fertility. Comparisons between DALYs and SDI showed that age-standardised DALY rates for many communicable diseases declined profoundly over time, whereas improvements in SDI correlated strongly with the increasing importance of NCDs.<xref rid="R4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref></p><p>This paper aims to provide an overview of injury mortality, incidence and DALYs from the GBD 2017 study, with detailed information on a range of causes of injuries; to examine the association between years of life lost (YLLs), YLDs and DALYs from injury and development, as measured by SDI, cause of injury, GBD region and over time; and to assess in which regions injury DALYs outpace or fall behind changes in development.</p></sec><sec sec-type="methods" id="s2"><title>Methods</title><sec id="s2-1"><title>GBD 2017 study</title><p>The GBD 2017 study methods and results have been described in extensive detail elsewhere, including description of the analytical estimation framework used to measure deaths, YLLs, YLDs and DALYs.<xref rid="R4" ref-type="bibr">4 13 14</xref> A summary overview of the GBD study is provided in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SP1">online supplementary appendix 1</xref>. The methodological components specific to injuries estimation and SDI calculation are summarised below.</p><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SP1"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043296.supp1</object-id><label>Supplementary data</label><p><inline-supplementary-material id="SS1" xlink:href="injuryprev-2019-043296supp001.pdf" mime-subtype="pdf" mimetype="application" content-type="local-data"></inline-supplementary-material></p></supplementary-material><p>Injury incidence and death are defined as ICD-9 codes E800–E999 and ICD-10 chapters V–Y, except for deaths and cases of drug overdoses and unintentional alcohol poisoning, which are classified under drug and alcohol use disorders. These external cause-of-injury codes or ‘E codes’ are designated as mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive within the injuries estimation process. In terms of the nature-of-injury codes (eg, the lower extremity amputation that can occur with a road injury), injuries were categorised into 47 mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive nature-of-injury categories using chapters S and T in International Classification of Disease (ICD) ICD-10 and codes 800–999 in ICD-9 to quantify the various disabling outcomes of each cause of injury. Some injuries are trivial and unlikely to account for an important number of DALYs; hence, we only included injuries in our morbidity analysis that warranted some form of healthcare.</p></sec><sec id="s2-2"><title>Injury mortality and YLLs</title><p>The overall approach to estimate causes of death is provided in related publications.<xref rid="R13" ref-type="bibr">13 15 16</xref> A summary is as follows. We first mapped data sources using different versions of ICD or alternative classification systems to the GBD cause list. These data sources included vital registration, verbal autopsy, mortality surveillance, censuses, surveys, hospitals, police records and mortuary data. We then made adjustments for ill-defined causes of death such that they mapped to an underlying cause of death. Next, we conducted ensemble models using GBD cause of death ensemble modelling (CODEm) software to estimate cause-specific mortality by age, sex, country, year and cause. CODEm is described in more detail elsewhere but in summary explores a large variety of possible models to estimate trends in causes of death using an algorithm to select varying combinations of covariates that are run through several modelling classes. The method then creates an ensemble of best-performing models that are determined by evaluating out-of-sample predictive validity. Deaths are then rescaled for each cause so that the sum equals the number of deaths from all causes to ensure internal consistency. YLLs were calculated by multiplying deaths by the residual life expectancy at the age of death based on the GBD 2017 standard model life table.<xref rid="R12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref></p></sec><sec id="s2-3"><title>Injury incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability</title><p>Our method for estimating the incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability in non-fatal injury outcomes is provided in other GBD publications.<xref rid="R2" ref-type="bibr">2 14</xref> A summary is as follows. We used DisMod-MR V.2.1 (a meta-regression tool for epidemiological modelling) to model injury incidence using data from emergency department and hospital records and survey data to produce cause-of-injury incidence by location, year, age and sex. Across every injury cause model, we used national income per capita as a covariate on excess mortality, which forces a negative relationship between income and mortality to take into account higher case fatality in lower-resource settings. After modelling incidence of each cause of injury, we used a severity hierarchy to identify the nature-of-injury category that would lead to the most long-term burden when an individual experiences multiple injuries. This hierarchy is based on pooled data sets of follow-up studies in which we translated each individual’s health status measure at 1 year after injury into a disability weight. This process is described in more detail in the GBD literature.<xref rid="R12" ref-type="bibr">12 14 17–22</xref> Then, we generated matrices of the proportions of each cause of injury that are expected to lead to each nature of injury as determined in dual-coded (eg, both cause-of-injury and nature-of-injury coded) hospital and emergency department data sets and data from the Chinese National Injury Surveillance System.<xref rid="R23" ref-type="bibr">23</xref> These data sets were used because the data were available in microdata format and they included dual-coded data in the format required for this specific part of the analysis. The resulting cause–nature matrices varied by injury warranting hospital admission versus injury warranting other healthcare, high-income/low-income countries, male/female and age group. In the next stage, we estimated short-term disability by cause and nature‐of‐injury category based on average duration for treated cases for each nature-of-injury category and for inpatient and outpatient injuries from the Dutch Injury Surveillance System.<xref rid="R17" ref-type="bibr">17 18</xref> For 19 of the 47 nature-of-injury categories (eg, foreign body in ear, poisoning and fracture in ear), we supplemented these estimates with expert-driven estimates of short-term duration for nature-of-injury categories when the data set had insufficient information. For untreated injuries, the average factor by which the duration of short-term injury outcomes is increased for a given nature-of-injury category when the injury goes untreated was estimated.</p><p>For longer-term injuries, we calculated the proportion of injuries that would result in disability lasting more than a year for each nature-of-injury category by admission status and age. This calculation was based on an assumption that disability from injury affects all cases in the short term with a proportion having persistent disability 1 year after the injury greater than the pre-injury health status. These probabilities of developing permanent health loss were based on a pooled data set of seven large follow-up studies from China, the Netherlands and the USA that used patient-reported outcome measures to assess health status.<xref rid="R17" ref-type="bibr">17–22 24 25</xref> We used the GBD healthcare access and quality (HAQ) index to estimate the ratio of treated to untreated injuries for each country–year grouping.<xref rid="R26" ref-type="bibr">26</xref> The HAQ index is scaled from 0 to 100 and is based on 32 causes of death, covering a range of health service areas, which should not occur if effective care is present. Finally, we used DisMod-MR V.2.1 to compute the long-term prevalence (ie, 1 year or more) for each cause–nature combination from incidence, which also incorporated increased mortality risk of certain nature of injuries, such as traumatic brain injury based on meta-analyses of studies providing standardised mortality ratios of these conditions. YLDs were calculated as prevalence of a health state multiplied by a disability weight. These estimates were then corrected for comorbidity with other non-fatal diseases using methods described elsewhere in the GBD study.<xref rid="R13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref></p></sec><sec id="s2-4"><title>Socio-demographic Index</title><p>SDI is a composite indicator that includes income per capita, average educational attainment over age 15 years and total fertility rate under age 25 years. The SDI has a value that ranges from 0 to 1. 0 represents the lowest income per capita, lowest educational attainmentand highest fertility under age 25 years observed across all GBD geographies from 1980 to 2017. 1 represents the highest income per capita, highest educational attainment and lowest fertility under 25 years observed across all GBD geographies from 1980 to 2017. The average relationship between YLLs, YLDs and YLDs divided by DALYs was calculated with SDI using Gaussian process regression modelling. We used these estimates of expected DALY rates that were predicted based on the full range of SDI to determine whether observed health patterns deviated from trends associated with changes along the development spectrum.</p></sec><sec id="s2-5"><title>GATHER compliance</title><p>This study complies with the GATHER (Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting) recommendations (<xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SP2">online supplementary appendix 2</xref>).</p><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SP2"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043296.supp2</object-id><label>Supplementary data</label><p><inline-supplementary-material id="SS2" xlink:href="injuryprev-2019-043296supp002.pdf" mime-subtype="pdf" mimetype="application" content-type="local-data"></inline-supplementary-material></p></supplementary-material></sec></sec><sec sec-type="results" id="s3"><title>Results</title><sec id="s3-1"><title>Mortality, incidence and burden of injury, 2017</title><p>In 2017, worldwide 55.9 million (95% Uncertainty Interval (UI) 55.4 to 56.5 million) people died. Of these deaths, 4.5 million (95% UI 4.3 to 4.6 million), 8.0% (95% UI 7.7% to 8.2%), were due to injuries. Major causes of injury deaths were road injury (27.7%), self-harm (17.7%), falls (15.5%) and interpersonal violence (9.0%).</p><p>There were 521 million (95% UI 493 to 548 million) cases of non-fatal injuries in 2017, representing an increase of 167 million from the 354 million (95% UI 338 to 372 million) cases of non-fatal injuries in 1990. The global age-standardised injury death rate was 57.9 per 100 000 (95% UI 55.9 to 59.2), with highest death rates for road injury (15.8 deaths per 100 000 (95% UI 15.2 to 16.3)), self-harm (10.0 deaths per 100 000 (95% UI 9.4 to 10.3)) and falls (9.2 deaths per 100 000 (95% UI 8.5 to 9.8)) (see <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SP3">online supplementary appendix table 1</xref>). Injury death rates were over twice as high in men compared with women (80.9 per 100 000 (95% UI 77.7 to 83.0) and 35.5 per 100 000 (95% UI 33.9 to 36.5), respectively). The global age-standardised injury incidence rate was 6762.6 per 100 000 (95% UI 6412.0 to 7118.1)), with highest incidence rates for falls (2237.6 new cases per 100 000 (95% UI 1989.7 to 2532.3)) and mechanical forces (943.6 new cases per 100 000 (95% UI 808.7 to 1100.6)) (see <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SP3">online supplementary appendix table 1</xref>). Injury incidence rates were almost twice as high in men compared with women (7827.1 per 100 000 (95% UI 7435.3 to 8242.9) and 5654.5 per 100 000 (95% UI 5351.3 to 5962.1), respectively).</p><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SP3"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043296.supp3</object-id><label>Supplementary data</label><p><inline-supplementary-material id="SS3" xlink:href="injuryprev-2019-043296supp003.pdf" mime-subtype="pdf" mimetype="application" content-type="local-data"></inline-supplementary-material></p></supplementary-material><p>Injuries contributed 10.1% (9.7%–10.5%) to the global burden of disease in 2017 (3267.0 DALYs per 100 000 (95% UI 3058.2 to 3505.1)). YLLs were responsible for the majority of the injury DALYs (77%; 2548 YLLs per 100 000 (95% UI 2462 to 2610)). The main contributors to injury DALYs were road injuries (871.1 DALYs per 100 000 (95% UI 827.9 to 917.3); 26.7%), falls (459.5 DALYs per 100 000 (95% UI 387.1 to 547.5); 14.1%), self-harm (429.0 per 100 000 (95% UI 401.6 to 443.5); 13.1%), interpersonal violence (334.3 DALYs per 100 000 (95% UI 304.7 to 360.5); 10.2%) and drowning (230.0 DALYs per 100 000 (95% UI 219.1 to 241.2); 7.0%) (see <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SP4">online supplementary appendix table 2</xref>). The injury burden was highest in Syria (16 341.1 DALYs per 100 000 (95% UI 15 892.7 to 16 858.4), Central African Republic (11 012.7 DALYs per 100 000 (95% UI 8807.9 to 12 913.8)) and Lesotho (7951.3 DALYs per 100 000 (95% UI 6424.8 to 9407.4)) and lowest in Maldives (1282.4 DALYs per 100 000 (95% UI 1138.1 to 1572.9)), Bermuda (1432.2 DALYs per 100 000 (95% UI 1267.5 to 1606.7)) and Italy (1458.1 DALYs per 100 000 (95% UI 1237.2 to 1739.4)) (see <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SP5">online supplementary appendix table 3</xref>. SDI level for each country in 2017 is also provided).</p><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SP4"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043296.supp4</object-id><label>Supplementary data</label><p><inline-supplementary-material id="SS4" xlink:href="injuryprev-2019-043296supp004.pdf" mime-subtype="pdf" mimetype="application" content-type="local-data"></inline-supplementary-material></p></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SP5"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043296.supp5</object-id><label>Supplementary data</label><p><inline-supplementary-material id="SS5" xlink:href="injuryprev-2019-043296supp005.pdf" mime-subtype="pdf" mimetype="application" content-type="local-data"></inline-supplementary-material></p></supplementary-material></sec><sec id="s3-2"><title>Change over time</title><p>Between 1990 and 2017, the age-standardised injury DALY rates have declined from 4946 (95% UI 4655 to 5233) to 3267 DALYs (95% UI 3058 to 3505) per 100 000, with largest absolute declines in drowning (from 635 (95% UI 571 to 689) to 230 (95% UI 219 to 241) DALYs per 100 000), road injuries (from 1259 (95% UI 1182 to 1330) to 871 (95% UI 828 to 917) DALYs per 100 000), self-harm (from 687 (95% UI 621 to 723) to 429 (95% UI 402 to 443) DALYs per 100 000), and fire, heat and hot substances (from 197 (95% UI 157 to 228) to 111 (95% UI 93 to 129) DALYs per 100 000). Between 1990 and 2017, the age-standardised rates of YLDs and YLLs from injuries declined by 7.8% and 38.8%, respectively, while incidence of injuries only declined by 0.9%.</p></sec><sec id="s3-3"><title>Burden of injury by SDI level</title><p>The contribution of cause-of-injury category DALY rates to the total injury DALY rates differed by year, age category, sex and SDI level. The largest disparity in DALY rate by SDI level was found in 0–6 days olds, ranging from a high of 52 374 DALYs per 100 000 in the lowest SDI quintile to a low of 6109 DALYs per 100 000 in the highest SDI quintile. In men aged 15–49 years, conflict and terrorism stands out because of the high difference between highest and lowest DALY rates by level of SDI (countries with low SDI 496 DALYs (95% UI 414 to 589) per 100 000; countries with high SDI 2 DALYs (95% UI 1 to 2) per 100 000).</p><sec id="s3-3-1"><title>YLL and YLD rates by SDI level</title><p>For many causes of injury, age-standardised YLL and YLD rates declined strikingly with increasing SDI, with proportionally largest decreases in YLL rates for conflict and terrorism (low SDI level 163.4 YLLs per 100 000; high SDI level 0.06 YLLs per 100 000), animal contact (low SDI level 140.0 YLLs per 100 000; high SDI level 2 YLLs per 100 000) and other unintentional injuries (low SDI level 7993 YLLs per 100 000; high SDI level 8.4 YLLs per 100 000). <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1</xref> shows the level of age-standardised YLLs and YLDs per 100 000 against SDI (all regions, all years 1990–2017) by cause-of-injury. Largest decreases in YLD rates were seen for cause-of-injury categories conflict and terrorism, exposure to forces of nature and adverse effects of medical treatment. Exceptions were road injuries, self-harm and interpersonal violence. The age-standardised YLL rate of road injuries was highest at the low-middle range SDI levels and lowest at higher SDI levels, whereas YLDs from road injuries increased at higher SDI. The age-standardised road injuries YLL rate increased from low SDI to low-middle SDI, but declined at higher levels of SDI. For falls, at higher levels of SDI, the composition of the disease burden shifted towards YLDs as the primary driver of DALYs. YLLs made up 63%, 61% and 20% of DALYs from falls in low, middle and high SDI quintiles, respectively. For road injuries, the proportion of YLLs dropped from 91% in countries with low SDI to 70% in countries with high SDI.</p><fig id="F1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Age-standardised YLL and YLD rates for 17 cause-of-injury categories by level of Socio-demographic Index. YLL, years of life lost.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="injuryprev-2019-043296f01"></graphic></fig></sec><sec id="s3-3-2"><title>Expected based on SDI versus observed burden of injury by SDI level, 1990–2017</title><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figure 2</xref> shows the level of all injury age-standardised DALYs per 100 000 against SDI by GBD region from 1990 to 2017 in comparison with expected values (black line) based on SDI alone. The icons appearing above the black line for DALYs represent worse than expected injury DALYs and the icons appearing below represent better than expected injury DALYs. As SDI generally increases over time, successive markers represent years between 1990 and 2017. Regions where injury DALY rates were notably greater than expected based on SDI included Central and Southern Sub-Saharan Africa, Oceania, Eastern Europe, Central Europe and high-income North America. Regions where injury DALY rates were notably lower than expected based on SDI included Eastern and Western Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia and Western Europe.</p><fig id="F2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Co-evolution of all injury age-standardised DALY rates with SDI for the world and 21 GBD regions for 1990–2017 with comparison with the values expected on the basis of SDI alone. DALY, disability-adjusted life year; GBD, Global Burden of Disease; SDI, Socio-demographic Index.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="injuryprev-2019-043296f02"></graphic></fig></sec><sec id="s3-3-3"><title>Road injury</title><p>The expected road injury DALY rate by SDI shows that most regions decreased in terms of road injury DALYs as SDI increased over time (see <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">figure 3</xref>). South Asia, East Asia, Southern Sub-Saharan Africa and Eastern Europe are exceptions to this pattern, showing an initial increase and then a decline. In GBD 2017, the regions with worse than expected road injury DALYs based on SDI included North Africa and Middle East, Southern and Central Sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe and Oceania, while regions with markedly better than expected rates included Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and Southern Latin America.</p><fig id="F3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Co-evolution of road injury age-standardised DALY rates with SDI for the world and 21 GBD regions for 1990–2017 with comparison with the values expected on the basis of SDI alone. DALY, disability-adjusted life year; GBD, Global Burden of Disease; SDI, Socio-demographic Index.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="injuryprev-2019-043296f03"></graphic></fig></sec><sec id="s3-3-4"><title>Interpersonal violence</title><p>In 2017, in all regions except for Southern Sub-Saharan Africa, Central Latin America, Tropical Latin America, Eastern Europe, Caribbean, Oceania and high-income North America, the observed interpersonal violence DALY rates were better than expected based on SDI (see <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">figure 4</xref>). Between 1990 and 2017, in most regions with higher than expected DALYs, the gap between observed and expected interpersonal violence DALY rates decreased, except for Caribbean and Tropical Latin America, where the gap increased.</p><fig id="F4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Co-evolution of interpersonal violence age-standardised DALY rates with SDI for the world and 21 GBD regions for 1990–2017 with comparison with the values expected on the basis of SDI alone. DALY, disability-adjusted life year; GBD, Global Burden of Disease; SDI, Socio-demographic Index.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="injuryprev-2019-043296f04"></graphic></fig></sec><sec id="s3-3-5"><title>Self-harm</title><p>The patterns of observed and expected self-harm DALYs based on SDI by GBD regions between 1990 and 2017 differed markedly from those of other injuries (see <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">figure 5</xref>). In 1990, observed self-harm DALY rates in East Asia and Eastern Europe were worse than expected based on SDI but rapidly declined over time, with observed DALY rates lower than expected in 2017. Southern Sub-Saharan Africa had worse than expected DALY rates but the other regions of Sub-Saharan Africa had better than expected DALY rates. North Africa and Middle East, Western Europe, Southeast Asia, and Andean, Central and Tropical Latin America all had better than expected DALY rates.</p><fig id="F5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p>Co-evolution of self-harm age-standardised DALY rates with SDI for the world and 21 GBD regions for 1990–2017 with comparison with the values expected on the basis of SDI alone. DALY, disability-adjusted life year; GBD, Global Burden of Disease; SDI, Socio-demographic Index.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="injuryprev-2019-043296f05"></graphic></fig></sec><sec id="s3-3-6"><title>Drowning</title><p>Drowning DALY rates between 1990 and 2017 decreased in almost every GBD region regardless of their SDI value (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">figure 6</xref>), except for Oceania, Eastern Europe and Southern Sub-Saharan Africa. Eastern and Western Sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa and Middle East, Andean, Tropical, Central and Southern Latin America, Western Europe and Australasia had better than expected DALY rates, while Oceania, East Asia and Eastern Europe had worse than expected DALY rates based on SDI.</p><fig id="F6" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 6</label><caption><p>Co-evolution of drowning age-standardised DALY rates with SDI for the world and 21 GBD regions for 1990–2017 with comparison with the values expected on the basis of SDI alone. DALY, disability-adjusted life year; GBD, Global Burden of Disease; SDI, Socio-demographic Index.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="injuryprev-2019-043296f06"></graphic></fig></sec><sec id="s3-3-7"><title>Falls</title><p>The patterns in falls globally followed more dynamic trends across regions as SDI increased from 1990 to 2017 (see <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">figure 7</xref>). The regions that performed worse than expected in terms of SDI were Central Europe, Eastern Europe, South Asia, Central Asia and Australasia. Among these, Central Asia and Central Europe decreased and then increased, while Eastern Europe increased and then decreased. South Asia decreased steadily, while Australasia increased steadily until recent years. Among regions that performed better than expected, Oceania had increasing rates as SDI increased, while high-income North America dropped precipitously and then started increasing as SDI increased.</p><fig id="F7" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 7</label><caption><p>Co-evolution of falls age-standardised DALY rates with SDI for the world and 21 GBD regions for 1990–2017 with comparison with the values expected on the basis of SDI alone. DALY, disability-adjusted life year; GBD, Global Burden of Disease; SDI, Socio-demographic Index.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="injuryprev-2019-043296f07"></graphic></fig></sec></sec></sec><sec sec-type="discussion" id="s4"><title>Discussion</title><p>For many causes of injury, age-standardised DALY rates declined strikingly with increasing SDI, although road injury, interpersonal violence and self-harm did not strictly follow this pattern. Particularly for self-harm opposing patterns were observed in regions with similar SDI levels, for example, the trends in high-income Asia Pacific were opposite the trends in Western Europe, despite their proximity in terms of SDI. For road injuries, this effect was less pronounced; for nearly all regions, road injury DALY rates declined after 2005.</p><p>In Southern Sub-Saharan Africa, injury DALYs were worse than expected based on SDI in the overall injuries category as well as many of the specific injuries. In this region, road injury and interpersonal violence were important causes explaining the gap between observed and expected levels of overall injury DALYs. Many underlying and intertwining determinants of the high levels of interpersonal violence have been cited, including income inequality and poverty, high unemployment, rapid social change, corruption and poor rule of law, gender inequality, family breakdown, access to firearms, and alcohol and drug abuse.<xref rid="R27" ref-type="bibr">27</xref> Despite these difficulties, however, and the worse-than-expected performance relative to SDI, our findings show that the DALY rates in Southern Sub-Saharan Africa have decreased from 2000 to 2017. This trend tallies with a reported declining number of injury deaths among young adults in South Africa.<xref rid="R28" ref-type="bibr">28</xref></p><p>Of regions with a middle-high SDI, Eastern Europe stands out, because for most causes of injury, DALYs were much worse than expected based on SDI, particularly in the period 1990–2005. A compelling explanation for this finding may be the dissolution of the former Soviet Union and the resulting social and economic consequences on health and mortality.<xref rid="R29" ref-type="bibr">29</xref> However, others have argued that causes of the health crisis are more complex and may result from a combination of historical and contemporary forces, including lifestyle habits, such as alcohol use, economic impoverishment, widening social inequality and the breakdown of political institutions.<xref rid="R30" ref-type="bibr">30 31</xref> It should be noted that our study did aim to assess determinants of the burden of injury and caution is needed in attempting to draw conclusions with regard to possible reasons for regional trends and differences.</p><p>Another notable finding from our study was that for falls, at the higher levels of SDI, the composition of the disease burden shifted towards YLDs, rather than YLLs, as a more prominent driver of DALYs compared with areas with lower SDI. The proportion of DALYs due to YLDs also increases with higher levels of SDI among other injuries. It is possible that this shift in distribution reflects decreased mortality among injuries when people in higher SDI locations have access to better healthcare services. The shift in road injuries, for example, could be brought about by injury-prevention measures reducing the severity of the injury sustained (eg, seat belts and helmets) or by improved access to better quality care after an injury (eg, trauma systems). It is also possible that in age-standardised analyses, the shift towards YLDs may be due to the ageing of the population of countries with high SDI with commensurate age-related increases in injury incidence. For example, the incidence of falls increases substantially with age and most of the burden from falls in high-SDI countries occurs in the very old.<xref rid="R32" ref-type="bibr">32</xref></p><sec id="s4-1"><title>Limitations</title><p>Our analysis has several limitations. First, as SDI and time are correlated, we may be over interpreting SDI as a driver of change as it could well be driven largely by other factors changing over time, not necessarily linked to SDI, such as climate change.</p><p>Second, limited data are available to quantify burden of injuries in the world. Major limitations of the cause-of-death data are low or absent coverage of vital registration or verbal autopsy data in many parts of the world, incompleteness of death certification systems and differences in the proportion of injury deaths classified in ill-defined codes.<xref rid="R33" ref-type="bibr">33–36</xref> Few data were available for non-fatal injuries, and if data were available, injury was frequently recorded as a mix of cause and nature-of-injury codes and often a preponderance of nature-of-injury codes, while our analyses require attributing health outcomes to cause of injury. As a result, many non-fatal injury hospitals and emergency departments data sets could not be used. Furthermore, short-term duration of several nature-of-injury categories was based on expert-driven estimates because patient data was not available. Besides, gathering data on deaths and morbidity due to forces of nature (ie, disasters) and collective violence is complicated by the fact that their aftereffects may severely disrupt the infrastructure of vital and health registration systems.<xref rid="R37" ref-type="bibr">37</xref> The statistical methods that we have used to assess mortality, incidence and prevalence can borrow strength over time and geography to ensure an estimate for all causes and all countries. Nevertheless, estimates for populations and time periods with few or absent data are inherently less precise.</p><p>Non-fatal injuries are reported by both cause of injury and nature of injury. Since our model requires a one-to-one relationship between cause-of-injury and nature-of-injury category, we developed a nature-of-injuries severity hierarchy that selects the injury that was likely to be responsible for the largest burden in a person with more than one injury. This means that we ignore the other injuries sustained by such individuals and this may have led to some underestimation of the burden of non-fatal injury. We decided to use such a hierarchy after it proved difficult to use statistical methods on sparse data to parse estimates across co-occurring injuries.</p><p>A second methodological limitation is the assessment of the probability of permanent health loss, one of the main drivers of non-fatal burden of disease. The probability of long-term injury was based on patient-reported outcome data from follow-up studies in just three countries. Also, long-term patient-reported outcome data may be influenced by response shift bias. Response shift is a change of outcome due to a change of the measurement perspective of the respondent (‘internal measurement scale’), where the usual change is towards adaptation. In our study, response shift may have resulted in an underestimation of the severity of long-term consequences of injury and consequently, to an underestimation of the non-fatal burden of injury.</p><p>Third, even though a strong correlation between SDI and injury DALYs, YLLs and YLDs was found, this cannot be interpreted as being causal in nature, because income per capita and education, two of the three components of SDI, were also used as covariates in all of the injury models except exposure to forces of nature and collective violence and legal intervention. In its original formulation, Murray <italic>et al</italic> suggested that SDI utility may be improved in the future through consideration of additional societal elements, such as inequality in each component.<xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="conclusions" id="s5"><title>Conclusions</title><p>The overall pattern is that of declining injury burden with increasing development. Not all injuries follow this pattern, suggesting that there are multiple underlying mechanisms influencing injury outcomes. The detailed understanding of these patterns helps to inform countries how best to respond to changes in injury outcomes that occur with development and, in case of countries where health gains outpace development, may help to identify which prevention and/or healthcare measures have been taken in these countries.</p><boxed-text id="BX1" position="float" orientation="portrait"><caption><title>What is already known on the subject</title></caption><list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p>Morbidity and mortality from injuries are known to be affected by socioeconomic development.</p></list-item></list></boxed-text><boxed-text id="BX2" position="float" orientation="portrait"><caption><title>What this study adds</title></caption><list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p>This study provides more recent estimates of global morbidity and mortality from injuries with a greater level of detail than has previously been reported and with an updated method for measuring sociodemographic development.</p></list-item><list-item><p>This study found that many injuries decreased in terms of morbidity and mortality as sociodemographic development increased over time, but also identified important exceptions to this trend.</p></list-item><list-item><p>The study adds to the body of discussion on how economic development and sociodemographic changes should be considered in preventing future injury burden.</p></list-item></list></boxed-text></sec></body><back><ack><p>Mihajlo Jakovljevic Serbia acknowledges support through the Grant OI 175 014 of the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejai acknowledges support through the NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS) UCLA CTSI Grant Number UL1TR001881". Ashish Awasthi acknowledges support from the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi through INSPIRE Faculty program. Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos acknowledges support in part by grant number PROMETEOII/2015/021 from Generalitat Valenciana and the national grant PI17/00719 from ISCIII-FEDER. Abdallah M Samy acknowledges support from a fellowship from the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. Eduarda Fernandes acknowledges support ID/MULTI/04378/2019 and UID/QUI/50006/2019 with FCT/MCTES support through Portuguese national funds. Félix Carvalho acknowledges support ID/MULTI/04378/2019 and UID/QUI/50006/2019 with FCT/MCTES support through Portuguese national funds. Ilais Moreno Velásquezis acknowledges support from the Sistema Nacional de Investigacion, SENACYT (Panama). Louisa Degenhardt acknowledges support by an NHMRC research fellowship (#1135991) and by NIH grant NIDA R01DA1104470; The National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre is supported by funding from the Australian Government Department of Health under the Drug and Alcohol Program. Milena Santric Milicevic acknowledges the support from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia (Contract No. 175087). Kebede Deribe KD is supported by a grant from the Wellcome Trust [grant number 201900] as part of his International Intermediate Fellowship. Syed Aljunid acknowledges support from the International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia and Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University for the approval and support to participate in this research project. Jan-Walter De Neve was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. Michael R Phillips acknowledges support from the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, No. 81371502). Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam acknowledges support from the National Heart Foundation of Australia and from a senior research fellowship from Deakin University. Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe acknowledges support from Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council.Tissa Wijeratne acknowledges the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rajarata, Saliyapura, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka for their support.</p></ack><fn-group><fn fn-type="other"><p><bold>Funding:</bold> Funding for GBD 2017 was provided by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.</p></fn><fn fn-type="COI-statement"><p><bold>Competing interests:</bold> Dr. Carl Abelardo T Antonio reports personal fees from Johnson & Johnson (Philippines), Inc., outside the submitted work. Dr. Jasvinder Singh reports personal fees from Crealta/Horizon, Medisys, Fidia, UBM LLC, Medscape, WebMD, Clinical Care options, Clearview healthcare partners, Putnam associates, Spherix, the National Institutes of Health and the American College of Rheumatology, stock options in Amarin pharmaceuticals and Viking pharmaceuticals, participating in the steering committee of OMERACT, an international organization that develops measures for clinical trials and receives arm’s length funding from 12 pharmaceutical companies, including Amgen, Janssen, Novartis, Roche, UCB Group, Ardea/Astra Zeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, EliLilly, Horizon Pharma, Pfizer, and Centrexion. Dr. Josep Maria Haro reports personal fees from Roche and Lundbeck, and that the institute for which they work provides services to Eli Lilly and Co., outside the submitted work. Dr. Mete Saylan is an employee of Bayer AG, outside the submitted work. Dr Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam is funded by National Heart Foundation of Australia and supported by a senior research fellowship from Deakin University, outside the submitted work. Dr. Spencer James reports grants from Sanofi Pasteur, outside the submitted work.</p></fn><fn fn-type="other"><p><bold>Patient consent for publication:</bold> Not required.</p></fn><fn fn-type="other"><p><bold>Provenance and peer review:</bold> Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.</p></fn><fn fn-type="other"><p><bold>Data availability statement:</bold> Data are available in a public, open access repository (ghdx.healthdata.org). Select data are available on reasonable request. 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