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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality: methods and data used in the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study</title><author><name sortKey="James, Spencer L" sort="James, Spencer L" uniqKey="James S" first="Spencer L" last="James">Spencer L. James</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Castle, Chris D" sort="Castle, Chris D" uniqKey="Castle C" first="Chris D" last="Castle">Chris D. Castle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dingels, Zachary V" sort="Dingels, Zachary V" uniqKey="Dingels Z" first="Zachary V" last="Dingels">Zachary V. Dingels</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fox, Jack T" sort="Fox, Jack T" uniqKey="Fox J" first="Jack T" last="Fox">Jack T. Fox</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamilton, Erin B" sort="Hamilton, Erin B" uniqKey="Hamilton E" first="Erin B" last="Hamilton">Erin B. Hamilton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Zichen" sort="Liu, Zichen" uniqKey="Liu Z" first="Zichen" last="Liu">Zichen Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roberts, Nicholas L S" sort="Roberts, Nicholas L S" uniqKey="Roberts N" first="Nicholas L S" last="Roberts">Nicholas L S. Roberts</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sylte, Dillon O" sort="Sylte, Dillon O" uniqKey="Sylte D" first="Dillon O" last="Sylte">Dillon O. Sylte</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bertolacci, Gregory J" sort="Bertolacci, Gregory J" uniqKey="Bertolacci G" first="Gregory J" last="Bertolacci">Gregory J. Bertolacci</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cunningham, Matthew" sort="Cunningham, Matthew" uniqKey="Cunningham M" first="Matthew" last="Cunningham">Matthew Cunningham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henry, Nathaniel J" sort="Henry, Nathaniel J" uniqKey="Henry N" first="Nathaniel J" last="Henry">Nathaniel J. Henry</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Legrand, Kate E" sort="Legrand, Kate E" uniqKey="Legrand K" first="Kate E" last="Legrand">Kate E. Legrand</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abdelalim, Ahmed" sort="Abdelalim, Ahmed" uniqKey="Abdelalim A" first="Ahmed" last="Abdelalim">Ahmed Abdelalim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Department of Neurology</institution>,<institution>Cairo University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cairo</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abdollahpour, Ibrahim" sort="Abdollahpour, Ibrahim" uniqKey="Abdollahpour I" first="Ibrahim" last="Abdollahpour">Ibrahim Abdollahpour</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution content-type="department">Neuroscience Research Center</institution>,<institution>Isfahan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Isfahan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi" sort="Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi" uniqKey="Abdulkader R" first="Rizwan Suliankatchi" last="Abdulkader">Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abedi, Aidin" sort="Abedi, Aidin" uniqKey="Abedi A" first="Aidin" last="Abedi">Aidin Abedi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution content-type="department">Department of Orthopaedic Surgery</institution>,<institution>University of Southern California</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Los Angeles</addr-line>,<country>CA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abegaz, Kedir Hussein" sort="Abegaz, Kedir Hussein" uniqKey="Abegaz K" first="Kedir Hussein" last="Abegaz">Kedir Hussein Abegaz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"><institution content-type="department">Radiotherapy Center</institution>,<institution>Addis Ababa University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Addis Ababa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abosetugn, Akine Eshete" sort="Abosetugn, Akine Eshete" uniqKey="Abosetugn A" first="Akine Eshete" last="Abosetugn">Akine Eshete Abosetugn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"><institution>Department of Public Health, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abushouk, Abdelrahman I" sort="Abushouk, Abdelrahman I" uniqKey="Abushouk A" first="Abdelrahman I" last="Abushouk">Abdelrahman I. Abushouk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9"><institution content-type="department">Cardiovascular Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>Ain Shams University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Abbasia</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adebayo, Oladimeji M" sort="Adebayo, Oladimeji M" uniqKey="Adebayo O" first="Oladimeji M" last="Adebayo">Oladimeji M. Adebayo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University College Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ibadan</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adsuar, Jose C" sort="Adsuar, Jose C" uniqKey="Adsuar J" first="Jose C" last="Adsuar">Jose C. Adsuar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff11"><institution content-type="department">Sport Science Department</institution>,<institution>University of Extremadura</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Badajoz</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Advani, Shailesh M" sort="Advani, Shailesh M" uniqKey="Advani S" first="Shailesh M" last="Advani">Shailesh M. Advani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12"><institution content-type="department">Social Behavioral Research Branch</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bethesda</addr-line>,<country>MD, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13"><institution content-type="department">Cancer Prevention and Control</institution>,<institution>Georgetown University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Washington, DC, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agudelo Botero, Marcela" sort="Agudelo Botero, Marcela" uniqKey="Agudelo Botero M" first="Marcela" last="Agudelo-Botero">Marcela Agudelo-Botero</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14"><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine, Center for Politics, Population and Health Research</institution>,<institution>National Autonomous University of Mexico</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mexico City, Mexico</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmad, Tauseef" sort="Ahmad, Tauseef" uniqKey="Ahmad T" first="Tauseef" last="Ahmad">Tauseef Ahmad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff15"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics</institution>,<institution>Southeast University Nanjing</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Nanjing</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff16"><institution content-type="department">Microbiology Department</institution>,<institution>Hazara University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mansehra</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmed, Muktar Beshir" sort="Ahmed, Muktar Beshir" uniqKey="Ahmed M" first="Muktar Beshir" last="Ahmed">Muktar Beshir Ahmed</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff17"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Jimma University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jimma</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmed, Rushdia" sort="Ahmed, Rushdia" uniqKey="Ahmed R" first="Rushdia" last="Ahmed">Rushdia Ahmed</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff18"><institution content-type="department">James P Grant School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>BRAC University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dhaka</addr-line>,<country>Bangladesh</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff19"><institution content-type="department">Health Systems and Population Studies Division</institution>,<institution>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dhaka</addr-line>,<country>Bangladesh</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eddine Aichour, Miloud Taki" sort="Eddine Aichour, Miloud Taki" uniqKey="Eddine Aichour M" first="Miloud Taki" last="Eddine Aichour">Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff20"><institution>Higher National School of Veterinary Medicine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Algiers</addr-line>,<country>Algeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alahdab, Fares" sort="Alahdab, Fares" uniqKey="Alahdab F" first="Fares" last="Alahdab">Fares Alahdab</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff21"><institution content-type="department">Evidence Based Practice Center</institution>,<institution>Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rochester</addr-line>,<country>MN, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour" sort="Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour" uniqKey="Alanezi F" first="Fahad Mashhour" last="Alanezi">Fahad Mashhour Alanezi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff22"><institution content-type="department">Department of Computer Sciences</institution>,<institution>Imam Abdulrehman Bin Faisal University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dammam</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alema, Niguse Meles" sort="Alema, Niguse Meles" uniqKey="Alema N" first="Niguse Meles" last="Alema">Niguse Meles Alema</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff23"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacy</institution>,<institution>Adigrat University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Adigrat</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun" sort="Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun" uniqKey="Alemu B" first="Biresaw Wassihun" last="Alemu">Biresaw Wassihun Alemu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff24"><institution content-type="department">Medicine and Health Science</institution>,<institution>Arba Minch University, Arba Minch</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff25"><institution content-type="department">Midwifery Department</institution>,<institution>Arba Minch University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Injbara</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alghnam, Suliman A" sort="Alghnam, Suliman A" uniqKey="Alghnam S" first="Suliman A" last="Alghnam">Suliman A. Alghnam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff26"><institution content-type="department">Department of Population Health Research</institution>,<institution>King Abdullah International Medical Research Center</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir" sort="Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir" uniqKey="Ali B" first="Beriwan Abdulqadir" last="Ali">Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff27"><institution content-type="department">Medical Technical Institute</institution>,<institution>Erbil Polytechnic University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Erbil</addr-line>,<country>Iraq</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ali, Saqib" sort="Ali, Saqib" uniqKey="Ali S" first="Saqib" last="Ali">Saqib Ali</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff28"><institution content-type="department">Department of Information Systems</institution>,<institution>College of Economics and Political Science, Sultan Qaboos University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Muscat</addr-line>,<country>Oman</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alinia, Cyrus" sort="Alinia, Cyrus" uniqKey="Alinia C" first="Cyrus" last="Alinia">Cyrus Alinia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff29"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Care Management and Economics</institution>,<institution>Urmia University of Medical Science</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Urmia</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alipour, Vahid" sort="Alipour, Vahid" uniqKey="Alipour V" first="Vahid" last="Alipour">Vahid Alipour</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff30"><institution content-type="department">Health Management and Economics Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff31"><institution content-type="department">Health Economics Department</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aljunid, Syed Mohamed" sort="Aljunid, Syed Mohamed" uniqKey="Aljunid S" first="Syed Mohamed" last="Aljunid">Syed Mohamed Aljunid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff32"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Policy and Management</institution>,<institution>Kuwait University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Safat</addr-line>,<country>Kuwait</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff33"><institution content-type="department">International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding</institution>,<institution>National University of Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak</institution>,<country>Malaysia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Almasi Hashiani, Amir" sort="Almasi Hashiani, Amir" uniqKey="Almasi Hashiani A" first="Amir" last="Almasi-Hashiani">Amir Almasi-Hashiani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff34"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Arak University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Arak</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Almasri, Nihad A" sort="Almasri, Nihad A" uniqKey="Almasri N" first="Nihad A" last="Almasri">Nihad A. Almasri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff35"><institution content-type="department">Physiotherapy Department</institution>,<institution>The University of Jordan</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Amman</addr-line>,<country>Jordan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Altirkawi, Khalid" sort="Altirkawi, Khalid" uniqKey="Altirkawi K" first="Khalid" last="Altirkawi">Khalid Altirkawi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff36"><institution>King Saud University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abdeldayem Amer, Yasser Sami" sort="Abdeldayem Amer, Yasser Sami" uniqKey="Abdeldayem Amer Y" first="Yasser Sami" last="Abdeldayem Amer">Yasser Sami Abdeldayem Amer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff37"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Practice Guidelines Unit</institution>,<institution>King Saud University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff38"><institution content-type="department">Alexandria Center for Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines</institution>,<institution>Alexandria University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Alexandria</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andrei, Catalina Liliana" sort="Andrei, Catalina Liliana" uniqKey="Andrei C" first="Catalina Liliana" last="Andrei">Catalina Liliana Andrei</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff39"><institution>Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ansari Moghaddam, Alireza" sort="Ansari Moghaddam, Alireza" uniqKey="Ansari Moghaddam A" first="Alireza" last="Ansari-Moghaddam">Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff40"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Health Promotion Research Center</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Zahedan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="T Antonio, Carl Abelardo" sort="T Antonio, Carl Abelardo" uniqKey="T Antonio C" first="Carl Abelardo" last="T Antonio">Carl Abelardo T Antonio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff41"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Policy and Administration</institution>,<institution>University of the Philippines Manila</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Manila</addr-line>,<country>Philippines</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff42"><institution content-type="department">Department of Applied Social Sciences</institution>,<institution>Hong Kong Polytechnic University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hong Kong</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anvari, Davood" sort="Anvari, Davood" uniqKey="Anvari D" first="Davood" last="Anvari">Davood Anvari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff43"><institution content-type="department">Department of Parasitology</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff44"><institution content-type="department">Department of Microbiology and Immunology</institution>,<institution>Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Iranshahr</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yaw Appiah, Seth Christopher" sort="Yaw Appiah, Seth Christopher" uniqKey="Yaw Appiah S" first="Seth Christopher" last="Yaw Appiah">Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff45"><institution content-type="department">Department of Sociology and Social Work</institution>,<institution>Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kumasi</addr-line>,<country>Ghana</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff46"><institution content-type="department">Center for International Health</institution>,<institution>Ludwig Maximilians University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Munich</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arabloo, Jalal" sort="Arabloo, Jalal" uniqKey="Arabloo J" first="Jalal" last="Arabloo">Jalal Arabloo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff30"><institution content-type="department">Health Management and Economics Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arab Zozani, Morteza" sort="Arab Zozani, Morteza" uniqKey="Arab Zozani M" first="Morteza" last="Arab-Zozani">Morteza Arab-Zozani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff47"><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Birjand University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birjand</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arefi, Zohreh" sort="Arefi, Zohreh" uniqKey="Arefi Z" first="Zohreh" last="Arefi">Zohreh Arefi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff48"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Promotion and Education</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aremu, Olatunde" sort="Aremu, Olatunde" uniqKey="Aremu O" first="Olatunde" last="Aremu">Olatunde Aremu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff49"><institution content-type="department">School of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Birmingham City University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ariani, Filippo" sort="Ariani, Filippo" uniqKey="Ariani F" first="Filippo" last="Ariani">Filippo Ariani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff50"><institution content-type="department">Regional Centre for the Analysis of Data on Occupational and Work-related Injuries and Diseases</institution>,<institution>Local Health Unit Tuscany Centre</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Florence</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arora, Amit" sort="Arora, Amit" uniqKey="Arora A" first="Amit" last="Arora">Amit Arora</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff51"><institution content-type="department">School of Science and Health</institution>,<institution>Western Sydney University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff52"><institution content-type="department">Oral Health Services</institution>,<institution>Sydney Local Health District</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asaad, Malke" sort="Asaad, Malke" uniqKey="Asaad M" first="Malke" last="Asaad">Malke Asaad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff53"><institution>Plastic Surgery Department, University of Texas</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Houston, TX, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina" sort="Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina" uniqKey="Ayala Quintanilla B" first="Beatriz Paulina" last="Ayala Quintanilla">Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff54"><institution content-type="department">The Judith Lumley Centre</institution>,<institution>La Trobe University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff55"><institution>General Office for Research and Technological Transfer, Peruvian National Institute of Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lima, Peru</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ayano, Getinet" sort="Ayano, Getinet" uniqKey="Ayano G" first="Getinet" last="Ayano">Getinet Ayano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff56"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Curtin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Perth</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Western Australia</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ayanore, Martin Amogre" sort="Ayanore, Martin Amogre" uniqKey="Ayanore M" first="Martin Amogre" last="Ayanore">Martin Amogre Ayanore</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff57"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Policy Planning and Management</institution>,<institution>University of Health and Allied Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ho</addr-line>,<country>Ghana</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Azarian, Ghasem" sort="Azarian, Ghasem" uniqKey="Azarian G" first="Ghasem" last="Azarian">Ghasem Azarian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff58"><institution content-type="department">Department of Environmental Health Engineering</institution>,<institution>Hamadan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamadan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Badawi, Alaa" sort="Badawi, Alaa" uniqKey="Badawi A" first="Alaa" last="Badawi">Alaa Badawi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff59"><institution content-type="department">Public Health Risk Sciences Division</institution>,<institution>Public Health Agency of Canada</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Toronto</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff60"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nutritional Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Toronto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Toronto</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Badiye, Ashish D" sort="Badiye, Ashish D" uniqKey="Badiye A" first="Ashish D" last="Badiye">Ashish D. Badiye</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff61"><institution content-type="department">Department of Forensic Science</institution>,<institution>Government Institute of Forensic Science</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Nagpur</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baig, Atif Amin" sort="Baig, Atif Amin" uniqKey="Baig A" first="Atif Amin" last="Baig">Atif Amin Baig</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff62"><institution content-type="department">Biochemistry Unit</institution>,<institution>Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kuala Terengganu</addr-line>,<country>Malaysia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff63"><institution content-type="department">School of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Univeristi Sultan Zainal Abidin</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kuala Terengganu</addr-line>,<country>Malaysia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bairwa, Mohan" sort="Bairwa, Mohan" uniqKey="Bairwa M" first="Mohan" last="Bairwa">Mohan Bairwa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff64"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Health Management Research</institution>,<institution>Indian Institute of Health Management Research University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jaipur</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff65"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Johns Hopkins University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Baltimore</addr-line>,<country>MD, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bakhtiari, Ahad" sort="Bakhtiari, Ahad" uniqKey="Bakhtiari A" first="Ahad" last="Bakhtiari">Ahad Bakhtiari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff66"><institution content-type="department">Health Policy and Management Department</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balachandran, Arun" sort="Balachandran, Arun" uniqKey="Balachandran A" first="Arun" last="Balachandran">Arun Balachandran</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff67"><institution content-type="department">Department of Demography</institution>,<institution>University of Groningen</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Groningen</addr-line>,<country>Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff68"><institution content-type="department">Population Research Centre</institution>,<institution>Institute for Social and Economic Change</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bengaluru</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Banach, Maciej" sort="Banach, Maciej" uniqKey="Banach M" first="Maciej" last="Banach">Maciej Banach</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff69"><institution content-type="department">Department of Hypertension</institution>,<institution>Medical University of Lodz</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lodz</addr-line>,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff70"><institution>Polish Mothers’ Memorial Hospital Research Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lodz</addr-line>,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Banerjee, Srikanta K" sort="Banerjee, Srikanta K" uniqKey="Banerjee S" first="Srikanta K" last="Banerjee">Srikanta K. Banerjee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff71"><institution content-type="department">School of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Walden University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Minneapolis</addr-line>,<country>MN, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Banik, Palash Chandra" sort="Banik, Palash Chandra" uniqKey="Banik P" first="Palash Chandra" last="Banik">Palash Chandra Banik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff72"><institution content-type="department">Department of Noncommunicable Diseases</institution>,<institution>Bangladesh University of Health Sciences (BUHS)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dhaka</addr-line>,<country>Bangladesh</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Banstola, Amrit" sort="Banstola, Amrit" uniqKey="Banstola A" first="Amrit" last="Banstola">Amrit Banstola</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff73"><institution>Department of Research, Public Health Perspective Nepal, Pokhara-Lekhnath Metropolitan City</institution>,<country>Nepal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barker Collo, Suzanne Lyn" sort="Barker Collo, Suzanne Lyn" uniqKey="Barker Collo S" first="Suzanne Lyn" last="Barker-Collo">Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff74"><institution content-type="department">School of Psychology</institution>,<institution>University of Auckland</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Auckland</addr-line>,<country>New Zealand</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="B Rnighausen, Till Winfried" sort="B Rnighausen, Till Winfried" uniqKey="B Rnighausen T" first="Till Winfried" last="B Rnighausen">Till Winfried B Rnighausen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff75"><institution content-type="department">Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH)</institution>,<institution>Heidelberg University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Heidelberg</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff76"><institution content-type="department">T.H. Chan School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Harvard University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barzegar, Akbar" sort="Barzegar, Akbar" uniqKey="Barzegar A" first="Akbar" last="Barzegar">Akbar Barzegar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff77"><institution content-type="department">Occupational Health Department</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bayati, Mohsen" sort="Bayati, Mohsen" uniqKey="Bayati M" first="Mohsen" last="Bayati">Mohsen Bayati</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff78"><institution content-type="department">Health Human Resources Research Center</institution>,<institution>Shiraz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Shiraz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bazargan Hejazi, Shahrzad" sort="Bazargan Hejazi, Shahrzad" uniqKey="Bazargan Hejazi S" first="Shahrzad" last="Bazargan-Hejazi">Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff79"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Los Angeles</addr-line>,<country>CA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff80"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences</institution>,<institution>David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Los Angeles</addr-line>,<country>CA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bedi, Neeraj" sort="Bedi, Neeraj" uniqKey="Bedi N" first="Neeraj" last="Bedi">Neeraj Bedi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff81"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Gandhi Medical College Bhopal</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bhopal</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff82"><institution>Jazan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jazan</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Behzadifar, Masoud" sort="Behzadifar, Masoud" uniqKey="Behzadifar M" first="Masoud" last="Behzadifar">Masoud Behzadifar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff83"><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Lorestan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Khorramabad</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Belete, Habte" sort="Belete, Habte" uniqKey="Belete H" first="Habte" last="Belete">Habte Belete</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff84"><institution content-type="department">Psychiatry Department</institution>,<institution>Bahir Dar University, Bhair Dar</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bennett, Derrick A" sort="Bennett, Derrick A" uniqKey="Bennett D" first="Derrick A" last="Bennett">Derrick A. Bennett</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff85"><institution content-type="department">Nuffield Department of Population Health</institution>,<institution>University of Oxford</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Oxford</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bensenor, Isabela M" sort="Bensenor, Isabela M" uniqKey="Bensenor I" first="Isabela M" last="Bensenor">Isabela M. Bensenor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff86"><institution content-type="department">Department of Internal Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of São Paulo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">São Paulo</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berhe, Kidanemaryam" sort="Berhe, Kidanemaryam" uniqKey="Berhe K" first="Kidanemaryam" last="Berhe">Kidanemaryam Berhe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff87"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nutrition and Dietetics</institution>,<institution>Mekelle University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mekelle</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth" sort="Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth" uniqKey="Bhagavathula A" first="Akshaya Srikanth" last="Bhagavathula">Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff88"><institution content-type="department">Department of Internal Medicine</institution>,<institution>United Arab Emirates University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Al Ain</addr-line>,<country>United Arab Emirates</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff89"><institution>Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralova</institution>,<country>Czech Republic</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bhardwaj, Pankaj" sort="Bhardwaj, Pankaj" uniqKey="Bhardwaj P" first="Pankaj" last="Bhardwaj">Pankaj Bhardwaj</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff90"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>All India Institute of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Nagpur</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff91"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wardha</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bhat, Anusha Ganapati" sort="Bhat, Anusha Ganapati" uniqKey="Bhat A" first="Anusha Ganapati" last="Bhat">Anusha Ganapati Bhat</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff92"><institution content-type="department">Internal Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>University of Massachusetts Medical School</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Springfield</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bhattacharyya, Krittika" sort="Bhattacharyya, Krittika" uniqKey="Bhattacharyya K" first="Krittika" last="Bhattacharyya">Krittika Bhattacharyya</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff93"><institution content-type="department">Department of Statistical and Computational Genomics</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Biomedical Genomics</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kalyani</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff94"><institution content-type="department">Department of Statistics</institution>,<institution>University of Calcutta, Kolkata</institution>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bhutta, Zulfiqar A" sort="Bhutta, Zulfiqar A" uniqKey="Bhutta Z" first="Zulfiqar A" last="Bhutta">Zulfiqar A. Bhutta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff95"><institution content-type="department">Centre for Global Child Health</institution>,<institution>University of Toronto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Toronto</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff96"><institution content-type="department">Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health</institution>,<institution>Aga Khan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Karachi</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bibi, Sadia" sort="Bibi, Sadia" uniqKey="Bibi S" first="Sadia" last="Bibi">Sadia Bibi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff97"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Agriculture</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Faisalabad</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bijani, Ali" sort="Bijani, Ali" uniqKey="Bijani A" first="Ali" last="Bijani">Ali Bijani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff98"><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Babol University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Babol</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boloor, Archith" sort="Boloor, Archith" uniqKey="Boloor A" first="Archith" last="Boloor">Archith Boloor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff99"><institution content-type="department">Department of Internal Medicine</institution>,<institution>Manipal Academy of Higher Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mangalore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borges, Guilherme" sort="Borges, Guilherme" uniqKey="Borges G" first="Guilherme" last="Borges">Guilherme Borges</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff100"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Psychosocial Reseach, Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mexico City, Mexico</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borschmann, Rohan" sort="Borschmann, Rohan" uniqKey="Borschmann R" first="Rohan" last="Borschmann">Rohan Borschmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff101"><institution content-type="department">Centre for Adolescent Health</institution>,<institution>Murdoch Childrens Research Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff102"><institution content-type="department">School of Population and Global Health</institution>,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borzi, Antonio Maria" sort="Borzi, Antonio Maria" uniqKey="Borzi A" first="Antonio Maria" last="Borzì">Antonio Maria Borzì</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff103"><institution content-type="department">Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Catania</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Catania</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boufous, Soufiane" sort="Boufous, Soufiane" uniqKey="Boufous S" first="Soufiane" last="Boufous">Soufiane Boufous</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff104"><institution content-type="department">Transport and Road Safety (TARS) Research Department</institution>,<institution>University of New South Wales</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Braithwaite, Dejana" sort="Braithwaite, Dejana" uniqKey="Braithwaite D" first="Dejana" last="Braithwaite">Dejana Braithwaite</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff105"><institution content-type="department">Division of Hematology and Oncology</institution>,<institution>Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA</institution></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich" sort="Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich" uniqKey="Briko N" first="Nikolay Ivanovich" last="Briko">Nikolay Ivanovich Briko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff106"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine</institution>,<institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brugha, Traolach" sort="Brugha, Traolach" uniqKey="Brugha T" first="Traolach" last="Brugha">Traolach Brugha</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff107"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Leicester</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Leicester</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Budhathoki, Shyam S" sort="Budhathoki, Shyam S" uniqKey="Budhathoki S" first="Shyam S" last="Budhathoki">Shyam S. Budhathoki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff108"><institution content-type="department">Research Department</institution>,<institution>Golden Community</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kathmandu</addr-line>,<country>Nepal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Car, Josip" sort="Car, Josip" uniqKey="Car J" first="Josip" last="Car">Josip Car</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff109"><institution content-type="department">Centre for Population Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Nanyang Technological University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Singapore, Singapore</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff110"><institution content-type="department">Global eHealth Unit</institution>,<institution>Imperial College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cardenas, Rosario" sort="Cardenas, Rosario" uniqKey="Cardenas R" first="Rosario" last="Cárdenas">Rosario Cárdenas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff111"><institution>Department of Population and Health, Metropolitan Autonomous University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mexico City, Mexico</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carvalho, Felix" sort="Carvalho, Felix" uniqKey="Carvalho F" first="Félix" last="Carvalho">Félix Carvalho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff112"><institution content-type="department">Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO)</institution>,<institution>University of Porto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Porto</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Castaldelli Maia, Joao Mauricio" sort="Castaldelli Maia, Joao Mauricio" uniqKey="Castaldelli Maia J" first="João Mauricio" last="Castaldelli-Maia">João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff113"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>University of São Paulo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">São Paulo</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Casta Eda Orjuela, Carlos A" sort="Casta Eda Orjuela, Carlos A" uniqKey="Casta Eda Orjuela C" first="Carlos A" last="Casta Eda-Orjuela">Carlos A. Casta Eda-Orjuela</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff114"><institution content-type="department">Colombian National Health Observatory</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Health, Bogota</institution>,<country>Colombia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff115"><institution content-type="department">Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group</institution>,<institution>National University of Colombia, Bogota</institution>,<country>Colombia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Castelpietra, Giulio" sort="Castelpietra, Giulio" uniqKey="Castelpietra G" first="Giulio" last="Castelpietra">Giulio Castelpietra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff116"><institution content-type="department">Primary Care Services Area</institution>,<institution>Central Health Directorate, Region Friuli Venezia Giulia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Trieste</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff117"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine (DAME)</institution>,<institution>University of Udine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Udine</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Catala L Pez, Ferran" sort="Catala L Pez, Ferran" uniqKey="Catala L Pez F" first="Ferrán" last="Catalá-L Pez">Ferrán Catalá-L Pez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff118"><institution>National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff119"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Epidemiology Program</institution>,<institution>Ottawa Hospital Research Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cerin, Ester" sort="Cerin, Ester" uniqKey="Cerin E" first="Ester" last="Cerin">Ester Cerin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff120"><institution content-type="department">Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research</institution>,<institution>Australian Catholic University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff121"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Hong Kong</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hong Kong</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chandan, Joht S" sort="Chandan, Joht S" uniqKey="Chandan J" first="Joht S" last="Chandan">Joht S. Chandan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff122"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Applied Health Research</institution>,<institution>University of Birmingham</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chapman, Jens Robert" sort="Chapman, Jens Robert" uniqKey="Chapman J" first="Jens Robert" last="Chapman">Jens Robert Chapman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff123"><institution>Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Brain and Spine Specialists</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chattu, Vijay Kumar" sort="Chattu, Vijay Kumar" uniqKey="Chattu V" first="Vijay Kumar" last="Chattu">Vijay Kumar Chattu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff124"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Toronto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Toronto</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chattu, Soosanna Kumary" sort="Chattu, Soosanna Kumary" uniqKey="Chattu S" first="Soosanna Kumary" last="Chattu">Soosanna Kumary Chattu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff125"><institution>Department of Public Health, Texila American University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Georgetown</addr-line>,<country>Guyana</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chatziralli, Irini" sort="Chatziralli, Irini" uniqKey="Chatziralli I" first="Irini" last="Chatziralli">Irini Chatziralli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff126"><institution content-type="department">2nd Department of Ophthalmology</institution>,<institution>University of Athens</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Haidari</addr-line>,<country>Greece</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff127"><institution>Ophthalmology Independent Consultant</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Athens</addr-line>,<country>Greece</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chaudhary, Neha" sort="Chaudhary, Neha" uniqKey="Chaudhary N" first="Neha" last="Chaudhary">Neha Chaudhary</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff128"><institution content-type="department">Pediatrics Department</institution>,<institution>Harvard University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff129"><institution content-type="department">Neonatology Department</institution>,<institution>Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cho, Daniel Youngwhan" sort="Cho, Daniel Youngwhan" uniqKey="Cho D" first="Daniel Youngwhan" last="Cho">Daniel Youngwhan Cho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff130"><institution content-type="department">Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Choi, Jee Young J" sort="Choi, Jee Young J" uniqKey="Choi J" first="Jee-Young J" last="Choi">Jee-Young J. Choi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff131"><institution content-type="department">Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Science</institution>,<institution>Seoul National University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seoul</addr-line>,<country>South Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kabir Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul" sort="Kabir Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul" uniqKey="Kabir Chowdhury M" first="Mohiuddin Ahsanul" last="Kabir Chowdhury">Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff132"><institution content-type="department">Maternal and Child Health Division</institution>,<institution>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dhaka</addr-line>,<country>Bangladesh</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff133"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>University of South Carolina</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Columbia</addr-line>,<country>SC, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Christopher, Devasahayam J" sort="Christopher, Devasahayam J" uniqKey="Christopher D" first="Devasahayam J" last="Christopher">Devasahayam J. Christopher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff134"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pulmonary Medicine</institution>,<institution>Christian Medical College and Hospital (CMC)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Vellore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chu, Dinh Toi" sort="Chu, Dinh Toi" uniqKey="Chu D" first="Dinh-Toi" last="Chu">Dinh-Toi Chu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff135"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Biology</institution>,<institution>Hanoi National University of Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hanoi</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cicuttini, Flavia M" sort="Cicuttini, Flavia M" uniqKey="Cicuttini F" first="Flavia M" last="Cicuttini">Flavia M. Cicuttini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff136"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Monash University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coelho, Joao M" sort="Coelho, Joao M" uniqKey="Coelho J" first="João M" last="Coelho">João M. Coelho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff137"><institution content-type="department">Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto - Serviço de Oftalmologia</institution>,<institution>University of Porto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Porto</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Costa, Vera M" sort="Costa, Vera M" uniqKey="Costa V" first="Vera M" last="Costa">Vera M. Costa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff112"><institution content-type="department">Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO)</institution>,<institution>University of Porto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Porto</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dahlawi, Saad M A" sort="Dahlawi, Saad M A" uniqKey="Dahlawi S" first="Saad M A" last="Dahlawi">Saad M A. Dahlawi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff138"><institution content-type="department">Department of Environmental Health</institution>,<institution>Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dammam</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Daryani, Ahmad" sort="Daryani, Ahmad" uniqKey="Daryani A" first="Ahmad" last="Daryani">Ahmad Daryani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff139"><institution content-type="department">Toxoplasmosis Research Center</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davila Cervantes, Claudio Alberto" sort="Davila Cervantes, Claudio Alberto" uniqKey="Davila Cervantes C" first="Claudio Alberto" last="Dávila-Cervantes">Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff140"><institution>Population and Development, Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales Mexico</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mexico City, Mexico</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leo, Diego De" sort="Leo, Diego De" uniqKey="Leo D" first="Diego De" last="Leo">Diego De Leo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff141"><institution content-type="department">Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention</institution>,<institution>Griffith University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mount Gravatt</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Queensland</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen" sort="Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen" uniqKey="Demeke F" first="Feleke Mekonnen" last="Demeke">Feleke Mekonnen Demeke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff142"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences</institution>,<institution>Bahir Dar University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bahir Dar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam" sort="Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam" uniqKey="Demoz G" first="Gebre Teklemariam" last="Demoz">Gebre Teklemariam Demoz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff143"><institution content-type="department">School of Pharmacy</institution>,<institution>Aksum University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Aksum</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff144"><institution>Addis Ababa University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Addis Ababa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demsie, Desalegn Getnet" sort="Demsie, Desalegn Getnet" uniqKey="Demsie D" first="Desalegn Getnet" last="Demsie">Desalegn Getnet Demsie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff23"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacy</institution>,<institution>Adigrat University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Adigrat</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deribe, Kebede" sort="Deribe, Kebede" uniqKey="Deribe K" first="Kebede" last="Deribe">Kebede Deribe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff145"><institution content-type="department">Department of Global Health and Infection</institution>,<institution>Brighton and Sussex Medical School</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Brighton</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff146"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Addis Ababa University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Addis Ababa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Desai, Rupak" sort="Desai, Rupak" uniqKey="Desai R" first="Rupak" last="Desai">Rupak Desai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff147"><institution content-type="department">Division of Cardiology</institution>,<institution>Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Decatur</addr-line>,<country>GA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nasab, Mostafa Dianati" sort="Nasab, Mostafa Dianati" uniqKey="Nasab M" first="Mostafa Dianati" last="Nasab">Mostafa Dianati Nasab</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff148"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Shiraz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Shiraz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Da Silva, Diana Dias" sort="Da Silva, Diana Dias" uniqKey="Da Silva D" first="Diana Dias" last="Da Silva">Diana Dias Da Silva</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff149"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Pharmacy</institution>,<institution>University of Porto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Porto</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dibaji Forooshani, Zahra Sadat" sort="Dibaji Forooshani, Zahra Sadat" uniqKey="Dibaji Forooshani Z" first="Zahra Sadat" last="Dibaji Forooshani">Zahra Sadat Dibaji Forooshani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff150"><institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Do, Hoa Thi" sort="Do, Hoa Thi" uniqKey="Do H" first="Hoa Thi" last="Do">Hoa Thi Do</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff151"><institution content-type="department">Center of Excellence in Public Health Nutrition</institution>,<institution>Nguyen Tat Thanh University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ho Chi Minh City</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doyle, Kerrie E" sort="Doyle, Kerrie E" uniqKey="Doyle K" first="Kerrie E" last="Doyle">Kerrie E. Doyle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff152"><institution content-type="department">School of Health and Biomedical Sciences</institution>,<institution>Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bundoora</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Driscoll, Tim Robert" sort="Driscoll, Tim Robert" uniqKey="Driscoll T" first="Tim Robert" last="Driscoll">Tim Robert Driscoll</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff153"><institution content-type="department">Sydney School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Sydney</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dubljanin, Eleonora" sort="Dubljanin, Eleonora" uniqKey="Dubljanin E" first="Eleonora" last="Dubljanin">Eleonora Dubljanin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff154"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Belgrade</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Belgrade</addr-line>,<country>Serbia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adema, Bereket Duko" sort="Adema, Bereket Duko" uniqKey="Adema B" first="Bereket Duko" last="Adema">Bereket Duko Adema</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff155"><institution>Public Health Department, Hawassa University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hawassa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff156"><institution>Curtin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Perth</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Western Australia</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eagan, Arielle Wilder" sort="Eagan, Arielle Wilder" uniqKey="Eagan A" first="Arielle Wilder" last="Eagan">Arielle Wilder Eagan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff157"><institution content-type="department">Department of Global Health and Social Medicine</institution>,<institution>Harvard University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff158"><institution>Department of Social Services, Tufts Medical Center</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elemineh, Demelash Abewa" sort="Elemineh, Demelash Abewa" uniqKey="Elemineh D" first="Demelash Abewa" last="Elemineh">Demelash Abewa Elemineh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff159"><institution content-type="department">Department of Statistics</institution>,<institution>Debre Markos University, Debre Markos</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="El Jaafary, Shaimaa I" sort="El Jaafary, Shaimaa I" uniqKey="El Jaafary S" first="Shaimaa I" last="El-Jaafary">Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Department of Neurology</institution>,<institution>Cairo University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cairo</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="El Khatib, Ziad" sort="El Khatib, Ziad" uniqKey="El Khatib Z" first="Ziad" last="El-Khatib">Ziad El-Khatib</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff160"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Karolinska Institutet</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Stockholm</addr-line>,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff161"><institution content-type="department">World Health Programme</institution>,<institution>Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rouyn-Noranda</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Quebec</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ellingsen, Christian Lycke" sort="Ellingsen, Christian Lycke" uniqKey="Ellingsen C" first="Christian Lycke" last="Ellingsen">Christian Lycke Ellingsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff162"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pathology</institution>,<institution>Stavanger University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Stavanger, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff163"><institution>Norwegian Institute of Public Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Oslo, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed" sort="Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed" uniqKey="Zaki M" first="Maysaa El Sayed" last="Zaki">Maysaa El Sayed Zaki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff164"><institution content-type="department">Department of Clinical Pathology</institution>,<institution>Mansoura University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mansoura</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eskandarieh, Sharareh" sort="Eskandarieh, Sharareh" uniqKey="Eskandarieh S" first="Sharareh" last="Eskandarieh">Sharareh Eskandarieh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff165"><institution content-type="department">Multiple Sclerosis Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eyawo, Oghenowede" sort="Eyawo, Oghenowede" uniqKey="Eyawo O" first="Oghenowede" last="Eyawo">Oghenowede Eyawo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff166"><institution content-type="department">Epidemiology and Population Health</institution>,<institution>York University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Vancouver</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">British Columbia</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff167"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Simon Fraser University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Burnaby</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">British Columbia</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faris, Pawan Sirwan" sort="Faris, Pawan Sirwan" uniqKey="Faris P" first="Pawan Sirwan" last="Faris">Pawan Sirwan Faris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff168"><institution content-type="department">Biology Department</institution>,<institution>Salahaddin University-Erbil</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Erbil</addr-line>,<country>Iraq</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff169"><institution content-type="department">Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani"</institution>,<institution>University of Pavia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Pavia</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faro, Andre" sort="Faro, Andre" uniqKey="Faro A" first="Andre" last="Faro">Andre Faro</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff170"><institution>Department of Psychology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao</institution>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Farzadfar, Farshad" sort="Farzadfar, Farshad" uniqKey="Farzadfar F" first="Farshad" last="Farzadfar">Farshad Farzadfar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff171"><institution content-type="department">Non-communicable Diseases Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Mohammad" sort="Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Mohammad" uniqKey="Fereshtehnejad S" first="Seyed-Mohammad" last="Fereshtehnejad">Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff172"><institution content-type="department">Department of Neurobiology</institution>,<institution>Karolinska Institutet</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Stockholm</addr-line>,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff173"><institution content-type="department">Division of Neurology</institution>,<institution>University of Ottawa</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fernandes, Eduarda" sort="Fernandes, Eduarda" uniqKey="Fernandes E" first="Eduarda" last="Fernandes">Eduarda Fernandes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff174"><institution content-type="department">REQUIMTE/LAQV</institution>,<institution>University of Porto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Porto</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrara, Pietro" sort="Ferrara, Pietro" uniqKey="Ferrara P" first="Pietro" last="Ferrara">Pietro Ferrara</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff175"><institution content-type="department">Research Centre on Public Health (CESP)</institution>,<institution>University of Milan Bicocca</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Monza</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer, Florian" sort="Fischer, Florian" uniqKey="Fischer F" first="Florian" last="Fischer">Florian Fischer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff176"><institution content-type="department">Department of Population Medicine and Health Services Research</institution>,<institution>Bielefeld University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bielefeld</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin" sort="Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin" uniqKey="Folayan M" first="Morenike Oluwatoyin" last="Folayan">Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff177"><institution content-type="department">Department of Child Dental Health</institution>,<institution>Obafemi Awolowo University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ile-Ife</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich" sort="Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich" uniqKey="Fomenkov A" first="Artem Alekseevich" last="Fomenkov">Artem Alekseevich Fomenkov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff178"><institution>Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Foroutan, Masoud" sort="Foroutan, Masoud" uniqKey="Foroutan M" first="Masoud" last="Foroutan">Masoud Foroutan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff179"><institution content-type="department">Abadan School of Medical Sciences</institution>,<institution>Abadan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Abadan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Francis, Joel Msafiri" sort="Francis, Joel Msafiri" uniqKey="Francis J" first="Joel Msafiri" last="Francis">Joel Msafiri Francis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff180"><institution content-type="department">Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care</institution>,<institution>University of the Witwatersrand</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Johannesburg</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franklin, Richard Charles" sort="Franklin, Richard Charles" uniqKey="Franklin R" first="Richard Charles" last="Franklin">Richard Charles Franklin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff181"><institution content-type="department">College of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Medical and Veterinary Science, James Cook University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Douglas</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Queensland</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff182"><institution>Royal Life Saving Society</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fukumoto, Takeshi" sort="Fukumoto, Takeshi" uniqKey="Fukumoto T" first="Takeshi" last="Fukumoto">Takeshi Fukumoto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff183"><institution content-type="department">Department of Dermatology</institution>,<institution>Kobe University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kobe</addr-line>,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff184"><institution content-type="department">Gene Expression & Regulation Program</institution>,<institution>The Wistar Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Philadelphia</addr-line>,<country>PA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle" sort="Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle" uniqKey="Geberemariyam B" first="Biniyam Sahiledengle" last="Geberemariyam">Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff185"><institution>Public Health Department, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gebremariam, Hadush" sort="Gebremariam, Hadush" uniqKey="Gebremariam H" first="Hadush" last="Gebremariam">Hadush Gebremariam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff87"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nutrition and Dietetics</institution>,<institution>Mekelle University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mekelle</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork" sort="Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork" uniqKey="Gebremedhin K" first="Ketema Bizuwork" last="Gebremedhin">Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff186"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing and Midwifery</institution>,<institution>Addis Ababa University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Addis Ababa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gebremeskel, Leake G" sort="Gebremeskel, Leake G" uniqKey="Gebremeskel L" first="Leake G" last="Gebremeskel">Leake G. Gebremeskel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff143"><institution content-type="department">School of Pharmacy</institution>,<institution>Aksum University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Aksum</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff187"><institution content-type="department">Pharmacy Department</institution>,<institution>Mekelle University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mekelle</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn" sort="Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn" uniqKey="Gebremeskel G" first="Gebreamlak Gebremedhn" last="Gebremeskel">Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff188"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing</institution>,<institution>Aksum University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Aksum</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff189"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing</institution>,<institution>Mekelle University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mekelle</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gebremichael, Berhe" sort="Gebremichael, Berhe" uniqKey="Gebremichael B" first="Berhe" last="Gebremichael">Berhe Gebremichael</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff190"><institution>Public Health, Haramaya University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Harar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gedefaw, Getnet Azeze" sort="Gedefaw, Getnet Azeze" uniqKey="Gedefaw G" first="Getnet Azeze" last="Gedefaw">Getnet Azeze Gedefaw</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff191"><institution>Bahir Dar University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bahir Dar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff192"><institution>Haramaya University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dire Dawa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Geta, Birhanu" sort="Geta, Birhanu" uniqKey="Geta B" first="Birhanu" last="Geta">Birhanu Geta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff193"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacy</institution>,<institution>Wollo University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dessie</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Getenet, Agegnehu Bante" sort="Getenet, Agegnehu Bante" uniqKey="Getenet A" first="Agegnehu Bante" last="Getenet">Agegnehu Bante Getenet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff194"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing</institution>,<institution>Arba Minch University, Arba Minch</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghafourifard, Mansour" sort="Ghafourifard, Mansour" uniqKey="Ghafourifard M" first="Mansour" last="Ghafourifard">Mansour Ghafourifard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff195"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medical Surgery</institution>,<institution>Tabriz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tabriz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghamari, Farhad" sort="Ghamari, Farhad" uniqKey="Ghamari F" first="Farhad" last="Ghamari">Farhad Ghamari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff196"><institution content-type="department">Occupational Health Department</institution>,<institution>Arak University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Arak</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gheshlagh, Reza Ghanei" sort="Gheshlagh, Reza Ghanei" uniqKey="Gheshlagh R" first="Reza Ghanei" last="Gheshlagh">Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff197"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing and Midwifery</institution>,<institution>Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sanandaj</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gholamian, Asadollah" sort="Gholamian, Asadollah" uniqKey="Gholamian A" first="Asadollah" last="Gholamian">Asadollah Gholamian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff198"><institution content-type="department">Science and Research Branch</institution>,<institution>Islamic Azad University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff199"><institution content-type="department">Young Researchers and Elite Club</institution>,<institution>Islamic Azad University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rasht</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gilani, Syed Amir" sort="Gilani, Syed Amir" uniqKey="Gilani S" first="Syed Amir" last="Gilani">Syed Amir Gilani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff200"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Allied Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>The University of Lahore</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lahore</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff201"><institution content-type="department">Chairman BOG</institution>,<institution>Afro-Asian Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lahore</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gill, Tiffany K" sort="Gill, Tiffany K" uniqKey="Gill T" first="Tiffany K" last="Gill">Tiffany K. Gill</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff202"><institution content-type="department">Adelaide Medical School</institution>,<institution>University of Adelaide</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Adelaide</addr-line>,<country>SA, Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goudarzian, Amir Hossein" sort="Goudarzian, Amir Hossein" uniqKey="Goudarzian A" first="Amir Hossein" last="Goudarzian">Amir Hossein Goudarzian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff203"><institution content-type="department">Nursing and Midwifery Department</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goulart, Alessandra C" sort="Goulart, Alessandra C" uniqKey="Goulart A" first="Alessandra C" last="Goulart">Alessandra C. Goulart</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff204"><institution>Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo</institution>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff205"><institution>Internal Medicine Department, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo</institution>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grada, Ayman" sort="Grada, Ayman" uniqKey="Grada A" first="Ayman" last="Grada">Ayman Grada</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff206"><institution content-type="department">Department of Dermatology</institution>,<institution>Boston University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grivna, Michal" sort="Grivna, Michal" uniqKey="Grivna M" first="Michal" last="Grivna">Michal Grivna</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff207"><institution>Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Al Ain</addr-line>,<country>United Arab Emirates</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guimaraes, Rafael Alves" sort="Guimaraes, Rafael Alves" uniqKey="Guimaraes R" first="Rafael Alves" last="Guimarães">Rafael Alves Guimarães</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff208"><institution content-type="department">Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública</institution>,<institution>Federal University of Goias</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Goiânia</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guo, Yuming" sort="Guo, Yuming" uniqKey="Guo Y" first="Yuming" last="Guo">Yuming Guo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff136"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Monash University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff209"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Zhengzhou University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Zhengzhou</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gupta, Gaurav" sort="Gupta, Gaurav" uniqKey="Gupta G" first="Gaurav" last="Gupta">Gaurav Gupta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff210"><institution content-type="department">Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD)</institution>,<institution>World Health Organization (WHO)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haagsma, Juanita A" sort="Haagsma, Juanita A" uniqKey="Haagsma J" first="Juanita A" last="Haagsma">Juanita A. Haagsma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff211"><institution>Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rotterdam</addr-line>,<country>Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hall, Brian James" sort="Hall, Brian James" uniqKey="Hall B" first="Brian James" last="Hall">Brian James Hall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff212"><institution content-type="department">Global and Community Mental Health Research Group</institution>,<institution>University of Macau</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Macao</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamadeh, Randah R" sort="Hamadeh, Randah R" uniqKey="Hamadeh R" first="Randah R" last="Hamadeh">Randah R. Hamadeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff213"><institution content-type="department">Department of Family and Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Arabian Gulf University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Manama</addr-line>,<country>Bahrain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamidi, Samer" sort="Hamidi, Samer" uniqKey="Hamidi S" first="Samer" last="Hamidi">Samer Hamidi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff214"><institution content-type="department">School of Health and Environmental Studies</institution>,<institution>Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dubai</addr-line>,<country>United Arab Emirates</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes" sort="Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes" uniqKey="Handiso D" first="Demelash Woldeyohannes" last="Handiso">Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff185"><institution>Public Health Department, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haro, Josep Maria" sort="Haro, Josep Maria" uniqKey="Haro J" first="Josep Maria" last="Haro">Josep Maria Haro</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff215"><institution>Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff216"><institution content-type="department">Research and Development Unit</institution>,<institution>San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sant Boi de Llobregat</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hasanzadeh, Amir" sort="Hasanzadeh, Amir" uniqKey="Hasanzadeh A" first="Amir" last="Hasanzadeh">Amir Hasanzadeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff217"><institution content-type="department">Department of Microbiology</institution>,<institution>Maragheh University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Maragheh</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff218"><institution content-type="department">Department of Microbiology</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassan, Shoaib" sort="Hassan, Shoaib" uniqKey="Hassan S" first="Shoaib" last="Hassan">Shoaib Hassan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff219"><institution content-type="department">Centre for International Health and Section for Ethics and Health Economics</institution>,<institution>University of Bergen</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bergen, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassanipour, Soheil" sort="Hassanipour, Soheil" uniqKey="Hassanipour S" first="Soheil" last="Hassanipour">Soheil Hassanipour</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff220"><institution content-type="department">Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center</institution>,<institution>Guilan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rasht</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff221"><institution>Guilan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rasht</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassankhani, Hadi" sort="Hassankhani, Hadi" uniqKey="Hassankhani H" first="Hadi" last="Hassankhani">Hadi Hassankhani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff222"><institution content-type="department">School of Nursing and Midwifery</institution>,<institution>Tabriz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tabriz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff223"><institution>Independent Consultant</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tabriz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassen, Hamid Yimam" sort="Hassen, Hamid Yimam" uniqKey="Hassen H" first="Hamid Yimam" last="Hassen">Hamid Yimam Hassen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff224"><institution>Department of Public Health, Mizan-Tepi University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tepi</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff225"><institution content-type="department">Unit of Epidemiology and Social Medicine</institution>,<institution>University Hospital Antwerp</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wilrijk</addr-line>,<country>Belgium</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Havmoeller, Rasmus" sort="Havmoeller, Rasmus" uniqKey="Havmoeller R" first="Rasmus" last="Havmoeller">Rasmus Havmoeller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff226"><institution content-type="department">Department of Clinical Sciences</institution>,<institution>Karolinska University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Stockholm</addr-line>,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hendrie, Delia" sort="Hendrie, Delia" uniqKey="Hendrie D" first="Delia" last="Hendrie">Delia Hendrie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff56"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Curtin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Perth</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Western Australia</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heydarpour, Fatemeh" sort="Heydarpour, Fatemeh" uniqKey="Heydarpour F" first="Fatemeh" last="Heydarpour">Fatemeh Heydarpour</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff227"><institution content-type="department">Medical Biology Research Center</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hijar, Martha" sort="Hijar, Martha" uniqKey="Hijar M" first="Martha" last="Híjar">Martha Híjar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff228"><institution>Research Coordination, AC Environments Foundation</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cuernavaca, Mexico</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff229"><institution content-type="department">CISS</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca. Mexico</institution></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ho, Hung Chak" sort="Ho, Hung Chak" uniqKey="Ho H" first="Hung Chak" last="Ho">Hung Chak Ho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff230"><institution content-type="department">Department of Urban Planning and Design</institution>,<institution>University of Hong Kong</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hong Kong</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoang, Chi Linh" sort="Hoang, Chi Linh" uniqKey="Hoang C" first="Chi Linh" last="Hoang">Chi Linh Hoang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff231"><institution content-type="department">Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine</institution>,<institution>Nguyen Tat Thanh University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ho Chi Minh City</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hole, Michael K" sort="Hole, Michael K" uniqKey="Hole M" first="Michael K" last="Hole">Michael K. Hole</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff232"><institution>Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, University of Texas Austin</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Austin, TX, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holla, Ramesh" sort="Holla, Ramesh" uniqKey="Holla R" first="Ramesh" last="Holla">Ramesh Holla</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff233"><institution>Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Manipal</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hossain, Naznin" sort="Hossain, Naznin" uniqKey="Hossain N" first="Naznin" last="Hossain">Naznin Hossain</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff234"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics</institution>,<institution>Dhaka Medical College</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dhaka</addr-line>,<country>Bangladesh</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff235"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacology</institution>,<institution>Bangladesh Industrial Gases Limited</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tangail</addr-line>,<country>Bangladesh</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi" sort="Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi" uniqKey="Hosseinzadeh M" first="Mehdi" last="Hosseinzadeh">Mehdi Hosseinzadeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff236"><institution content-type="department">Department of Computer Engineering</institution>,<institution>Islamic Azad University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff237"><institution>Computer Science Department, University of Human Development</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sulaymaniyah</addr-line>,<country>Iraq</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hostiuc, Sorin" sort="Hostiuc, Sorin" uniqKey="Hostiuc S" first="Sorin" last="Hostiuc">Sorin Hostiuc</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff238"><institution content-type="department">Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics</institution>,<institution>Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff239"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Legal Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Guoqing" sort="Hu, Guoqing" uniqKey="Hu G" first="Guoqing" last="Hu">Guoqing Hu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff240"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics</institution>,<institution>Central South University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Changsha</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel" sort="Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel" uniqKey="Ibitoye S" first="Segun Emmanuel" last="Ibitoye">Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff241"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Promotion and Education</institution>,<institution>University of Ibadan</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ibadan</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen" sort="Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen" uniqKey="Ilesanmi O" first="Olayinka Stephen" last="Ilesanmi">Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff242"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Ibadan</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ibadan</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja" sort="Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja" uniqKey="Inbaraj L" first="Leeberk Raja" last="Inbaraj">Leeberk Raja Inbaraj</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff243"><institution content-type="department">Department of Family Medicine</institution>,<institution>Bangalore Baptist Hospital, Bangalore</institution>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naghibi Irvani, Seyed Sina" sort="Naghibi Irvani, Seyed Sina" uniqKey="Naghibi Irvani S" first="Seyed Sina" last="Naghibi Irvani">Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff244"><institution>Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mofizul Islam, M" sort="Mofizul Islam, M" uniqKey="Mofizul Islam M" first="M" last="Mofizul Islam">M. Mofizul Islam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff245"><institution content-type="department">School of Psychology and Public Health</institution>,<institution>La Trobe University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bundoora, Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed" sort="Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed" uniqKey="Shariful Islam S" first="Sheikh Mohammed" last="Shariful Islam">Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff246"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition</institution>,<institution>Deakin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Burwood</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff247"><institution content-type="department">Sydney Medical School</institution>,<institution>University of Sydney</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ivers, Rebecca Q" sort="Ivers, Rebecca Q" uniqKey="Ivers R" first="Rebecca Q" last="Ivers">Rebecca Q. Ivers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff248"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health and Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of New South Wales</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jahani, Mohammad Ali" sort="Jahani, Mohammad Ali" uniqKey="Jahani M" first="Mohammad Ali" last="Jahani">Mohammad Ali Jahani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff249"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Babol University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Babol</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jakovljevic, Mihajlo" sort="Jakovljevic, Mihajlo" uniqKey="Jakovljevic M" first="Mihajlo" last="Jakovljevic">Mihajlo Jakovljevic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff250"><institution content-type="department">Department for Health Care and Public Health</institution>,<institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jalilian, Farzad" sort="Jalilian, Farzad" uniqKey="Jalilian F" first="Farzad" last="Jalilian">Farzad Jalilian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff251"><institution content-type="department">Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jayaraman, Sudha" sort="Jayaraman, Sudha" uniqKey="Jayaraman S" first="Sudha" last="Jayaraman">Sudha Jayaraman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff252"><institution content-type="department">Department of Surgery</institution>,<institution>Virginia Commonwealth University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Richmond</addr-line>,<country>VA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra" sort="Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra" uniqKey="Jayatilleke A" first="Achala Upendra" last="Jayatilleke">Achala Upendra Jayatilleke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff253"><institution>Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Colombo</addr-line>,<country>Sri Lanka</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff254"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Graduate Studies</institution>,<institution>University of Colombo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Colombo</addr-line>,<country>Sri Lanka</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jha, Ravi Prakash" sort="Jha, Ravi Prakash" uniqKey="Jha R" first="Ravi Prakash" last="Jha">Ravi Prakash Jha</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff255"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Banaras Hindu University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Varanasi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="John Akinola, Yetunde O" sort="John Akinola, Yetunde O" uniqKey="John Akinola Y" first="Yetunde O" last="John-Akinola">Yetunde O. John-Akinola</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff256"><institution content-type="department">Health Promotion and Education</institution>,<institution>University of Ibadan</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ibadan</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jonas, Jost B" sort="Jonas, Jost B" uniqKey="Jonas J" first="Jost B" last="Jonas">Jost B. Jonas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff257"><institution content-type="department">Department of Ophthalmology</institution>,<institution>Heidelberg University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mannheim</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff258"><institution content-type="department">Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory</institution>,<institution>Beijing Tongren Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Beijing</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, Kelly M" sort="Jones, Kelly M" uniqKey="Jones K" first="Kelly M" last="Jones">Kelly M. Jones</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff259"><institution>Auckland University of Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Auckland</addr-line>,<country>New Zealand</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Joseph, Nitin" sort="Joseph, Nitin" uniqKey="Joseph N" first="Nitin" last="Joseph">Nitin Joseph</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff260"><institution content-type="department">Community Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>Manipal Academy of Higher Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mangalore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Joukar, Farahnaz" sort="Joukar, Farahnaz" uniqKey="Joukar F" first="Farahnaz" last="Joukar">Farahnaz Joukar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff220"><institution content-type="department">Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center</institution>,<institution>Guilan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rasht</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy" sort="Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy" uniqKey="Jozwiak J" first="Jacek Jerzy" last="Jozwiak">Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff261"><institution content-type="department">Department of Family Medicine and Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Opole</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Opole</addr-line>,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jungari, Suresh Banayya" sort="Jungari, Suresh Banayya" uniqKey="Jungari S" first="Suresh Banayya" last="Jungari">Suresh Banayya Jungari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff262"><institution content-type="department">School of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Savitribai Phule Pune University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Pune</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jurisson, Mikk" sort="Jurisson, Mikk" uniqKey="Jurisson M" first="Mikk" last="Jürisson">Mikk Jürisson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff263"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Tartu</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tartu</addr-line>,<country>Estonia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kabir, Ali" sort="Kabir, Ali" uniqKey="Kabir A" first="Ali" last="Kabir">Ali Kabir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff264"><institution content-type="department">Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kahsay, Amaha" sort="Kahsay, Amaha" uniqKey="Kahsay A" first="Amaha" last="Kahsay">Amaha Kahsay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff87"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nutrition and Dietetics</institution>,<institution>Mekelle University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mekelle</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kalankesh, Leila R" sort="Kalankesh, Leila R" uniqKey="Kalankesh L" first="Leila R" last="Kalankesh">Leila R. Kalankesh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff265"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medical Informatics</institution>,<institution>Tabriz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tabriz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kalhor, Rohollah" sort="Kalhor, Rohollah" uniqKey="Kalhor R" first="Rohollah" last="Kalhor">Rohollah Kalhor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff266"><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Qazvin</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff267"><institution content-type="department">Health Services Management Department</institution>,<institution>Qazvin University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Qazvin</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kamil, Teshome Abegaz" sort="Kamil, Teshome Abegaz" uniqKey="Kamil T" first="Teshome Abegaz" last="Kamil">Teshome Abegaz Kamil</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff268"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Department of Health informatics and Health Innovation, A.C.S. Medical College and Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mekelle</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kanchan, Tanuj" sort="Kanchan, Tanuj" uniqKey="Kanchan T" first="Tanuj" last="Kanchan">Tanuj Kanchan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff269"><institution content-type="department">Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology</institution>,<institution>All India Institute of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jodhpur</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kapoor, Neeti" sort="Kapoor, Neeti" uniqKey="Kapoor N" first="Neeti" last="Kapoor">Neeti Kapoor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff61"><institution content-type="department">Department of Forensic Science</institution>,<institution>Government Institute of Forensic Science</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Nagpur</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karami, Manoochehr" sort="Karami, Manoochehr" uniqKey="Karami M" first="Manoochehr" last="Karami">Manoochehr Karami</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff270"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Hamadan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamadan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kasaeian, Amir" sort="Kasaeian, Amir" uniqKey="Kasaeian A" first="Amir" last="Kasaeian">Amir Kasaeian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff271"><institution content-type="department">Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff272"><institution content-type="department">Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kassaye, Hagazi Gebremedhin" sort="Kassaye, Hagazi Gebremedhin" uniqKey="Kassaye H" first="Hagazi Gebremedhin" last="Kassaye">Hagazi Gebremedhin Kassaye</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff23"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacy</institution>,<institution>Adigrat University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Adigrat</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kavetskyy, Taras" sort="Kavetskyy, Taras" uniqKey="Kavetskyy T" first="Taras" last="Kavetskyy">Taras Kavetskyy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff273"><institution>Department of Applied Physics, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin Voivodeship</institution>,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff274"><institution content-type="department">Department of Biology and Chemistry</institution>,<institution>Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Drohobych</addr-line>,<country>Ukraine</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kayode, Gbenga A" sort="Kayode, Gbenga A" uniqKey="Kayode G" first="Gbenga A" last="Kayode">Gbenga A. Kayode</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff275"><institution content-type="department">International Research Center of Excellence</institution>,<institution>Institute of Human Virology Nigeria</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Abuja</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff276"><institution content-type="department">Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care</institution>,<institution>Utrecht University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Utrecht</addr-line>,<country>Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Keiyoro, Peter Njenga" sort="Keiyoro, Peter Njenga" uniqKey="Keiyoro P" first="Peter Njenga" last="Keiyoro">Peter Njenga Keiyoro</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff277"><institution content-type="department">Open</institution>,<institution>Distance and eLearning Campus, University of Nairobi</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Nairobi</addr-line>,<country>Kenya</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kelbore, Abraham Getachew" sort="Kelbore, Abraham Getachew" uniqKey="Kelbore A" first="Abraham Getachew" last="Kelbore">Abraham Getachew Kelbore</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff278"><institution>Department of Dermatology, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khader, Yousef Saleh" sort="Khader, Yousef Saleh" uniqKey="Khader Y" first="Yousef Saleh" last="Khader">Yousef Saleh Khader</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff279"><institution>Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Irbid</addr-line>,<country>Jordan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif" sort="Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif" uniqKey="Khafaie M" first="Morteza Abdullatif" last="Khafaie">Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff280"><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ahvaz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khalid, Nauman" sort="Khalid, Nauman" uniqKey="Khalid N" first="Nauman" last="Khalid">Nauman Khalid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff281"><institution content-type="department">School of Food and Agricultural Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Management and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lahore</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khalil, Ibrahim A" sort="Khalil, Ibrahim A" uniqKey="Khalil I" first="Ibrahim A" last="Khalil">Ibrahim A. Khalil</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff282"><institution content-type="department">Department of Global Health</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khalilov, Rovshan" sort="Khalilov, Rovshan" uniqKey="Khalilov R" first="Rovshan" last="Khalilov">Rovshan Khalilov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff283"><institution content-type="department">Department of Physiology</institution>,<institution>Baku State University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Baku</addr-line>,<country>Azerbaijan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khan, Maseer" sort="Khan, Maseer" uniqKey="Khan M" first="Maseer" last="Khan">Maseer Khan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff284"><institution content-type="department">Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Faculty of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jazan</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khan, Ejaz Ahmad" sort="Khan, Ejaz Ahmad" uniqKey="Khan E" first="Ejaz Ahmad" last="Khan">Ejaz Ahmad Khan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff285"><institution content-type="department">Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department</institution>,<institution>Health Services Academy</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Islamabad</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khan, Junaid" sort="Khan, Junaid" uniqKey="Khan J" first="Junaid" last="Khan">Junaid Khan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff286"><institution content-type="department">Department of Population Studies</institution>,<institution>International Institute for Population Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mumbai</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khanna, Tripti" sort="Khanna, Tripti" uniqKey="Khanna T" first="Tripti" last="Khanna">Tripti Khanna</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff287"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Research</institution>,<institution>Indian Council of Medical Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff288"><institution content-type="department">Centre for Ethics</institution>,<institution>Jawahar Lal Nehru University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khazaei, Salman" sort="Khazaei, Salman" uniqKey="Khazaei S" first="Salman" last="Khazaei">Salman Khazaei</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff270"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Hamadan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamadan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khazaie, Habibolah" sort="Khazaie, Habibolah" uniqKey="Khazaie H" first="Habibolah" last="Khazaie">Habibolah Khazaie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff289"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khundkar, Roba" sort="Khundkar, Roba" uniqKey="Khundkar R" first="Roba" last="Khundkar">Roba Khundkar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff290"><institution content-type="department">Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences</institution>,<institution>Oxford University Global Surgery Group, University of Oxford</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Oxford</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kiirithio, Daniel N" sort="Kiirithio, Daniel N" uniqKey="Kiirithio D" first="Daniel N" last="Kiirithio">Daniel N. Kiirithio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff291"><institution content-type="department">Research and Data Solutions</institution>,<institution>Synotech Consultant</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Nairobi</addr-line>,<country>Kenya</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Young Eun" sort="Kim, Young Eun" uniqKey="Kim Y" first="Young-Eun" last="Kim">Young-Eun Kim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff292"><institution content-type="department">Department of Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Korea University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seoul</addr-line>,<country>South Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Yun Jin" sort="Kim, Yun Jin" uniqKey="Kim Y" first="Yun Jin" last="Kim">Yun Jin Kim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff293"><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Xiamen University Malaysia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sepang</addr-line>,<country>Malaysia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Daniel" sort="Kim, Daniel" uniqKey="Kim D" first="Daniel" last="Kim">Daniel Kim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff294"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Northeastern University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kisa, Sezer" sort="Kisa, Sezer" uniqKey="Kisa S" first="Sezer" last="Kisa">Sezer Kisa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff295"><institution>Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Oslo, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kisa, Adnan" sort="Kisa, Adnan" uniqKey="Kisa A" first="Adnan" last="Kisa">Adnan Kisa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff296"><institution>School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Oslo, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Komaki, Hamidreza" sort="Komaki, Hamidreza" uniqKey="Komaki H" first="Hamidreza" last="Komaki">Hamidreza Komaki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff297"><institution content-type="department">Neurophysiology Research Center</institution>,<institution>Hamadan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamadan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff298"><institution content-type="department">Brain Engineering Research Center</institution>,<institution>Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kondlahalli, Shivakumar K M" sort="Kondlahalli, Shivakumar K M" uniqKey="Kondlahalli S" first="Shivakumar K M" last="Kondlahalli">Shivakumar K M. Kondlahalli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff299"><institution content-type="department">Public Health Dentistry Department</institution>,<institution>Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed to be University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Karad</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koolivand, Ali" sort="Koolivand, Ali" uniqKey="Koolivand A" first="Ali" last="Koolivand">Ali Koolivand</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff300"><institution content-type="department">Environmental Health Engineering</institution>,<institution>Arak University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Arak</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich" sort="Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich" uniqKey="Korshunov V" first="Vladimir Andreevich" last="Korshunov">Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff106"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine</institution>,<institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koyanagi, Ai" sort="Koyanagi, Ai" uniqKey="Koyanagi A" first="Ai" last="Koyanagi">Ai Koyanagi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff301"><institution content-type="department">CIBERSAM</institution>,<institution>San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sant Boi de Llobregat</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff302"><institution>Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Barcelona</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kraemer, Moritz U G" sort="Kraemer, Moritz U G" uniqKey="Kraemer M" first="Moritz U G" last="Kraemer">Moritz U G. Kraemer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff303"><institution content-type="department">Department of Zoology</institution>,<institution>University of Oxford</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Oxford</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff304"><institution>Harvard Medical School, Harvard University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krishan, Kewal" sort="Krishan, Kewal" uniqKey="Krishan K" first="Kewal" last="Krishan">Kewal Krishan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff305"><institution content-type="department">Department of Anthropology</institution>,<institution>Panjab University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Chandigarh</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Defo, Barthelemy Kuate" sort="Defo, Barthelemy Kuate" uniqKey="Defo B" first="Barthelemy Kuate" last="Defo">Barthelemy Kuate Defo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff306"><institution content-type="department">Department of Demography</institution>,<institution>University of Montreal</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Montreal</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Quebec</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff307"><institution content-type="department">Department of Social and Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Montreal</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Montreal</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Quebec</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bicer, Burcu Kucuk" sort="Bicer, Burcu Kucuk" uniqKey="Bicer B" first="Burcu Kucuk" last="Bicer">Burcu Kucuk Bicer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff308"><institution>Department of Public Health, Yuksek Ihtisas University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ankara</addr-line>,<country>Turkey</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff309"><institution>Department of Public Health, Hacettepe University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ankara</addr-line>,<country>Turkey</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kugbey, Nuworza" sort="Kugbey, Nuworza" uniqKey="Kugbey N" first="Nuworza" last="Kugbey">Nuworza Kugbey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff310"><institution content-type="department">Department of Family and Community Health</institution>,<institution>University of Health and Allied Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ho</addr-line>,<country>Ghana</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff311"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychology and Health Promotion</institution>,<institution>University of KwaZulu-Natal</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Durban</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, Nithin" sort="Kumar, Nithin" uniqKey="Kumar N" first="Nithin" last="Kumar">Nithin Kumar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff312"><institution content-type="department">Community Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mangalore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, Manasi" sort="Kumar, Manasi" uniqKey="Kumar M" first="Manasi" last="Kumar">Manasi Kumar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff313"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>University of Nairobi</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Nairobi</addr-line>,<country>Kenya</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff314"><institution content-type="department">Division of Psychology and Language Sciences</institution>,<institution>University College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, Vivek" sort="Kumar, Vivek" uniqKey="Kumar V" first="Vivek" last="Kumar">Vivek Kumar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff315"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital</institution>,<institution>Harvard University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, Narinder" sort="Kumar, Narinder" uniqKey="Kumar N" first="Narinder" last="Kumar">Narinder Kumar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff316"><institution content-type="department">Orthopaedics Department</institution>,<institution>Base Hospital Lucknow Cantt</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lucknow</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumaresh, Girikumar" sort="Kumaresh, Girikumar" uniqKey="Kumaresh G" first="Girikumar" last="Kumaresh">Girikumar Kumaresh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff317"><institution content-type="department">Mechanical and Industrial Engineering</institution>,<institution>Indian Institute of Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Roorkee</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lami, Faris Hasan" sort="Lami, Faris Hasan" uniqKey="Lami F" first="Faris Hasan" last="Lami">Faris Hasan Lami</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff318"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community and Family Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Baghdad</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Baghdad</addr-line>,<country>Iraq</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lansingh, Van C" sort="Lansingh, Van C" uniqKey="Lansingh V" first="Van C" last="Lansingh">Van C. Lansingh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff319"><institution>HelpMeSee</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New York, NY, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff320"><institution>International Relations, Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology, Queretaro</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mexico</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lasrado, Savita" sort="Lasrado, Savita" uniqKey="Lasrado S" first="Savita" last="Lasrado">Savita Lasrado</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff321"><institution content-type="department">Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT)</institution>,<institution>Father Muller Medical College</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mangalore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Latifi, Arman" sort="Latifi, Arman" uniqKey="Latifi A" first="Arman" last="Latifi">Arman Latifi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff322"><institution>Department of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Maragheh</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lauriola, Paolo" sort="Lauriola, Paolo" uniqKey="Lauriola P" first="Paolo" last="Lauriola">Paolo Lauriola</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff323"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Clinical Physiology</institution>,<institution>National Research Council</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Pisa</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vecchia, Carlo La" sort="Vecchia, Carlo La" uniqKey="Vecchia C" first="Carlo La" last="Vecchia">Carlo La Vecchia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff324"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Medicine and Community Health</institution>,<institution>University of Milan</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Milano</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leasher, Janet L" sort="Leasher, Janet L" uniqKey="Leasher J" first="Janet L" last="Leasher">Janet L. Leasher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff325"><institution content-type="department">College of Optometry</institution>,<institution>Nova Southeastern University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huey Lee, Shaun Wen" sort="Huey Lee, Shaun Wen" uniqKey="Huey Lee S" first="Shaun Wen" last="Huey Lee">Shaun Wen Huey Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff326"><institution content-type="department">School of Pharmacy</institution>,<institution>Monash University, Bandar Sunway</institution>,<country>Malaysia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff327"><institution content-type="department">School of Pharmacy</institution>,<institution>Taylor’s University Lakeside Campus</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Subang Jaya</addr-line>,<country>Malaysia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Shanshan" sort="Li, Shanshan" uniqKey="Li S" first="Shanshan" last="Li">Shanshan Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff136"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Monash University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Xuefeng" sort="Liu, Xuefeng" uniqKey="Liu X" first="Xuefeng" last="Liu">Xuefeng Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff328"><institution>Department of Systems, Populations and Leadership, University of Michigan</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ann Arbor, MI, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lopez, Alan D" sort="Lopez, Alan D" uniqKey="Lopez A" first="Alan D" last="Lopez">Alan D. Lopez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff102"><institution content-type="department">School of Population and Global Health</institution>,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff329"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lotufo, Paulo A" sort="Lotufo, Paulo A" uniqKey="Lotufo P" first="Paulo A" last="Lotufo">Paulo A. Lotufo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff330"><institution>Department of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo</institution>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lyons, Ronan A" sort="Lyons, Ronan A" uniqKey="Lyons R" first="Ronan A" last="Lyons">Ronan A. Lyons</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff331"><institution content-type="department">Health Data Research UK</institution>,<institution>Swansea University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Swansea</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Machado, Daiane Borges" sort="Machado, Daiane Borges" uniqKey="Machado D" first="Daiane Borges" last="Machado">Daiane Borges Machado</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff332"><institution content-type="department">Center for Integration of Data and Health Knowledge</institution>,<institution>FIOCRUZ: Cidacs Center for Integration of Data and Health Knowledge</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Salvador</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff333"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health</institution>,<institution>London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">England</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Madadin, Mohammed" sort="Madadin, Mohammed" uniqKey="Madadin M" first="Mohammed" last="Madadin">Mohammed Madadin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff334"><institution content-type="department">Pathology Department</institution>,<institution>College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dammam</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy" sort="Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy" uniqKey="Abd El Razek M" first="Muhammed Magdy" last="Abd El Razek">Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff335"><institution content-type="department">Ophthalmology Department</institution>,<institution>Aswan Faculty of Medicine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Aswan</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur" sort="Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur" uniqKey="Mahotra N" first="Narayan Bahadur" last="Mahotra">Narayan Bahadur Mahotra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff336"><institution>Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kathmandu</addr-line>,<country>Nepal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Majdan, Marek" sort="Majdan, Marek" uniqKey="Majdan M" first="Marek" last="Majdan">Marek Majdan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff337"><institution>Department of Public Health, Trnava University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Trnava</addr-line>,<country>Slovakia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Majeed, Azeem" sort="Majeed, Azeem" uniqKey="Majeed A" first="Azeem" last="Majeed">Azeem Majeed</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff338"><institution content-type="department">Department of Primary Care and Public Health</institution>,<institution>Imperial College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maled, Venkatesh" sort="Maled, Venkatesh" uniqKey="Maled V" first="Venkatesh" last="Maled">Venkatesh Maled</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff339"><institution content-type="department">Health Education and Research Department</institution>,<institution>SDM College of Medical Sciences & Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dharwad</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff340"><institution content-type="department">Health University</institution>,<institution>Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore</institution>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malta, Deborah Carvalho" sort="Malta, Deborah Carvalho" uniqKey="Malta D" first="Deborah Carvalho" last="Malta">Deborah Carvalho Malta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff341"><institution content-type="department">Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health</institution>,<institution>Federal University of Minas Gerais</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manafi, Navid" sort="Manafi, Navid" uniqKey="Manafi N" first="Navid" last="Manafi">Navid Manafi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff342"><institution content-type="department">Ophthalmology Department</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff343"><institution content-type="department">Ophthalmology Department</institution>,<institution>University of Manitoba</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Winnipeg</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Manitoba</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manafi, Amir" sort="Manafi, Amir" uniqKey="Manafi A" first="Amir" last="Manafi">Amir Manafi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff344"><institution content-type="department">Department of Surgery</institution>,<institution>University of Virginia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Charlottesville</addr-line>,<country>VA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manda, Ana Laura" sort="Manda, Ana Laura" uniqKey="Manda A" first="Ana-Laura" last="Manda">Ana-Laura Manda</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff345"><institution content-type="department">Surgery Department</institution>,<institution>Emergency University Hospital Bucharest</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manjunatha, Narayana" sort="Manjunatha, Narayana" uniqKey="Manjunatha N" first="Narayana" last="Manjunatha">Narayana Manjunatha</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff346"><institution content-type="department">Psychiatry Department</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bengaluru</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mansour Ghanaei, Fariborz" sort="Mansour Ghanaei, Fariborz" uniqKey="Mansour Ghanaei F" first="Fariborz" last="Mansour-Ghanaei">Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff220"><institution content-type="department">Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center</institution>,<institution>Guilan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rasht</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mansournia, Mohammad Ali" sort="Mansournia, Mohammad Ali" uniqKey="Mansournia M" first="Mohammad Ali" last="Mansournia">Mohammad Ali Mansournia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff347"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maravilla, Joemer C" sort="Maravilla, Joemer C" uniqKey="Maravilla J" first="Joemer C" last="Maravilla">Joemer C. Maravilla</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff348"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Social Science Research</institution>,<institution>The University of Queensland</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Brisbane</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Queensland</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mason Jones, Amanda J" sort="Mason Jones, Amanda J" uniqKey="Mason Jones A" first="Amanda J" last="Mason-Jones">Amanda J. Mason-Jones</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff349"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of York</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">York</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra" sort="Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra" uniqKey="Masoumi S" first="Seyedeh Zahra" last="Masoumi">Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff350"><institution content-type="department">Department of Midwifery-Reproductive Health</institution>,<institution>Hamadan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamadan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard" sort="Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard" uniqKey="Massenburg B" first="Benjamin Ballard" last="Massenburg">Benjamin Ballard Massenburg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff130"><institution content-type="department">Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maulik, Pallab K" sort="Maulik, Pallab K" uniqKey="Maulik P" first="Pallab K" last="Maulik">Pallab K. Maulik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff351"><institution content-type="department">Research Department</institution>,<institution>The George Institute for Global Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff352"><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of New South Wales</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mehndiratta, Man Mohan" sort="Mehndiratta, Man Mohan" uniqKey="Mehndiratta M" first="Man Mohan" last="Mehndiratta">Man Mohan Mehndiratta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff353"><institution content-type="department">Neurology Department</institution>,<institution>Janakpuri Super Specialty Hospital Society</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff354"><institution content-type="department">Department of Neurology</institution>,<institution>Govind Ballabh Institute of Medical Education and Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melketsedik, Zeleke Aschalew" sort="Melketsedik, Zeleke Aschalew" uniqKey="Melketsedik Z" first="Zeleke Aschalew" last="Melketsedik">Zeleke Aschalew Melketsedik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff194"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing</institution>,<institution>Arba Minch University, Arba Minch</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Memiah, Peter T N" sort="Memiah, Peter T N" uniqKey="Memiah P" first="Peter T N" last="Memiah">Peter T N. Memiah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff355"><institution content-type="department">Division of Epidemiology and Prevention</institution>,<institution>Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Baltimore</addr-line>,<country>MD, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mendoza, Walter" sort="Mendoza, Walter" uniqKey="Mendoza W" first="Walter" last="Mendoza">Walter Mendoza</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff356"><institution>Peru Country Office, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lima, Peru</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Menezes, Ritesh G" sort="Menezes, Ritesh G" uniqKey="Menezes R" first="Ritesh G" last="Menezes">Ritesh G. Menezes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff357"><institution content-type="department">Forensic Medicine Division</institution>,<institution>Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dammam</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mengesha, Melkamu Merid" sort="Mengesha, Melkamu Merid" uniqKey="Mengesha M" first="Melkamu Merid" last="Mengesha">Melkamu Merid Mengesha</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff358"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Haramaya University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Harar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meretoja, Tuomo J" sort="Meretoja, Tuomo J" uniqKey="Meretoja T" first="Tuomo J" last="Meretoja">Tuomo J. Meretoja</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff359"><institution content-type="department">Breast Surgery Unit</institution>,<institution>Helsinki University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Helsinki</addr-line>,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff360"><institution>University of Helsinki</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Helsinki</addr-line>,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meretoja, Atte" sort="Meretoja, Atte" uniqKey="Meretoja A" first="Atte" last="Meretoja">Atte Meretoja</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff361"><institution content-type="department">Neurocenter</institution>,<institution>Helsinki University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Helsinki</addr-line>,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff362"><institution content-type="department">School of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Parkville</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Merie, Hayimro Edemealem" sort="Merie, Hayimro Edemealem" uniqKey="Merie H" first="Hayimro Edemealem" last="Merie">Hayimro Edemealem Merie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff363"><institution content-type="department">Statistics Department</institution>,<institution>Debre Markos University, Debre Markos</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mestrovic, Tomislav" sort="Mestrovic, Tomislav" uniqKey="Mestrovic T" first="Tomislav" last="Mestrovic">Tomislav Mestrovic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff364"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit</institution>,<institution>Zora Profozic Polyclinic</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Zagreb</addr-line>,<country>Croatia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff365"><institution content-type="department">University Centre Varazdin</institution>,<institution>University North</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Varazdin</addr-line>,<country>Croatia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miazgowski, Bartosz" sort="Miazgowski, Bartosz" uniqKey="Miazgowski B" first="Bartosz" last="Miazgowski">Bartosz Miazgowski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff366"><institution content-type="department">Center for Innovation in Medical Education</institution>,<institution>Pomeranian Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Szczecin</addr-line>,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff367"><institution>Pomeranian Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Szczecin</addr-line>,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miazgowski, Tomasz" sort="Miazgowski, Tomasz" uniqKey="Miazgowski T" first="Tomasz" last="Miazgowski">Tomasz Miazgowski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff368"><institution content-type="department">Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases & Arterial Hypertension</institution>,<institution>Pomeranian Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Szczecin</addr-line>,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miller, Ted R" sort="Miller, Ted R" uniqKey="Miller T" first="Ted R" last="Miller">Ted R. Miller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff56"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Curtin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Perth</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Western Australia</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff369"><institution>Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Calverton</addr-line>,<country>MD, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mini, G K" sort="Mini, G K" uniqKey="Mini G" first="G K" last="Mini">G K Mini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff370"><institution content-type="department">Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies</institution>,<institution>Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Trivandrum</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff371"><institution content-type="department">Global Institute of Public Health (GIPH)</institution>,<institution>Ananthapuri Hospitals and Research Centre</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Trivandrum</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mirica, Andreea" sort="Mirica, Andreea" uniqKey="Mirica A" first="Andreea" last="Mirica">Andreea Mirica</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff372"><institution content-type="department">Department of Statistics and Econometrics</institution>,<institution>Bucharest University of Economic Studies</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff373"><institution content-type="department">President’s Office</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Statistics</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mirrakhimov, Erkin M" sort="Mirrakhimov, Erkin M" uniqKey="Mirrakhimov E" first="Erkin M" last="Mirrakhimov">Erkin M. Mirrakhimov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff374"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Internal Medicine</institution>,<institution>Kyrgyz State Medical Academy</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bishkek</addr-line>,<country>Kyrgyzstan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff375"><institution content-type="department">Department of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease</institution>,<institution>National Center of Cardiology and Internal Disease</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bishkek</addr-line>,<country>Kyrgyzstan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mirzaei Alavijeh, Mehdi" sort="Mirzaei Alavijeh, Mehdi" uniqKey="Mirzaei Alavijeh M" first="Mehdi" last="Mirzaei-Alavijeh">Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff251"><institution content-type="department">Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mithra, Prasanna" sort="Mithra, Prasanna" uniqKey="Mithra P" first="Prasanna" last="Mithra">Prasanna Mithra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff260"><institution content-type="department">Community Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>Manipal Academy of Higher Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mangalore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moazen, Babak" sort="Moazen, Babak" uniqKey="Moazen B" first="Babak" last="Moazen">Babak Moazen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff376"><institution content-type="department">Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH)</institution>,<institution>Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Heidelberg</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff377"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Addiction Research (ISFF)</institution>,<institution>Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Frankfurt</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moghadaszadeh, Masoud" sort="Moghadaszadeh, Masoud" uniqKey="Moghadaszadeh M" first="Masoud" last="Moghadaszadeh">Masoud Moghadaszadeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff378"><institution>Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tabriz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff379"><institution content-type="department">Molecular Medicine Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tabriz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tabriz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohamadi, Efat" sort="Mohamadi, Efat" uniqKey="Mohamadi E" first="Efat" last="Mohamadi">Efat Mohamadi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff380"><institution content-type="department">Health Equity Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohammad, Yousef" sort="Mohammad, Yousef" uniqKey="Mohammad Y" first="Yousef" last="Mohammad">Yousef Mohammad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff381"><institution content-type="department">Internal Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>King Saud University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Darwesh, Aso Mohammad" sort="Darwesh, Aso Mohammad" uniqKey="Darwesh A" first="Aso Mohammad" last="Darwesh">Aso Mohammad Darwesh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff382"><institution content-type="department">Department of Information Technology</institution>,<institution>University of Human Development</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sulaymaniyah</addr-line>,<country>Iraq</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohammadian Hafshejani, Abdollah" sort="Mohammadian Hafshejani, Abdollah" uniqKey="Mohammadian Hafshejani A" first="Abdollah" last="Mohammadian-Hafshejani">Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff383"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences</institution><addr-line content-type="city">Shahrekord</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohammadpourhodki, Reza" sort="Mohammadpourhodki, Reza" uniqKey="Mohammadpourhodki R" first="Reza" last="Mohammadpourhodki">Reza Mohammadpourhodki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff384"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing</institution>,<institution>Shahroud University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Shahroud</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohammed, Shafiu" sort="Mohammed, Shafiu" uniqKey="Mohammed S" first="Shafiu" last="Mohammed">Shafiu Mohammed</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff75"><institution content-type="department">Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH)</institution>,<institution>Heidelberg University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Heidelberg</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff385"><institution content-type="department">Health Systems and Policy Research Unit</institution>,<institution>Ahmadu Bello University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Zaria</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohammed, Jemal Abdu" sort="Mohammed, Jemal Abdu" uniqKey="Mohammed J" first="Jemal Abdu" last="Mohammed">Jemal Abdu Mohammed</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff386"><institution>Department of Public Health, Samara University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Samara</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohebi, Farnam" sort="Mohebi, Farnam" uniqKey="Mohebi F" first="Farnam" last="Mohebi">Farnam Mohebi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff171"><institution content-type="department">Non-communicable Diseases Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff387"><institution content-type="department">Iran National Institute of Health Research</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohseni Bandpei, Mohammad A" sort="Mohseni Bandpei, Mohammad A" uniqKey="Mohseni Bandpei M" first="Mohammad A" last="Mohseni Bandpei">Mohammad A. Mohseni Bandpei</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff388"><institution content-type="department">Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center</institution>,<institution>University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Molokhia, Mariam" sort="Molokhia, Mariam" uniqKey="Molokhia M" first="Mariam" last="Molokhia">Mariam Molokhia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff389"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine</institution>,<institution>King’s College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Monasta, Lorenzo" sort="Monasta, Lorenzo" uniqKey="Monasta L" first="Lorenzo" last="Monasta">Lorenzo Monasta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff390"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit</institution>,<institution>Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Trieste</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moodley, Yoshan" sort="Moodley, Yoshan" uniqKey="Moodley Y" first="Yoshan" last="Moodley">Yoshan Moodley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff391"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of KwaZulu-Natal</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Durban</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moradi, Masoud" sort="Moradi, Masoud" uniqKey="Moradi M" first="Masoud" last="Moradi">Masoud Moradi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff392"><institution content-type="department">Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff393"><institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moradi, Ghobad" sort="Moradi, Ghobad" uniqKey="Moradi G" first="Ghobad" last="Moradi">Ghobad Moradi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff394"><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sanandaj</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff395"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sanandaj</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moradi Lakeh, Maziar" sort="Moradi Lakeh, Maziar" uniqKey="Moradi Lakeh M" first="Maziar" last="Moradi-Lakeh">Maziar Moradi-Lakeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff396"><institution content-type="department">Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah" sort="Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah" uniqKey="Moradzadeh R" first="Rahmatollah" last="Moradzadeh">Rahmatollah Moradzadeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff34"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Arak University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Arak</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morawska, Lidia" sort="Morawska, Lidia" uniqKey="Morawska L" first="Lidia" last="Morawska">Lidia Morawska</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff397"><institution content-type="department">International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health</institution>,<institution>Queensland University of Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Brisbane</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Queensland</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Velasquez, Ilais Moreno" sort="Velasquez, Ilais Moreno" uniqKey="Velasquez I" first="Ilais Moreno" last="Velásquez">Ilais Moreno Velásquez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff398"><institution>Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Panama City</addr-line>,<country>Panama</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morrison, Shane Douglas" sort="Morrison, Shane Douglas" uniqKey="Morrison S" first="Shane Douglas" last="Morrison">Shane Douglas Morrison</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff130"><institution content-type="department">Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mossie, Tilahun Belete" sort="Mossie, Tilahun Belete" uniqKey="Mossie T" first="Tilahun Belete" last="Mossie">Tilahun Belete Mossie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff399"><institution>Department of Psychiatry, Badhir Dar University</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muluneh, Atalay Goshu" sort="Muluneh, Atalay Goshu" uniqKey="Muluneh A" first="Atalay Goshu" last="Muluneh">Atalay Goshu Muluneh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff400"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>University of Gondar</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Gondar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Musa, Kamarul Imran" sort="Musa, Kamarul Imran" uniqKey="Musa K" first="Kamarul Imran" last="Musa">Kamarul Imran Musa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff401"><institution>School of Medical Sciences, Science University of Malaysia, Kubang Kerian</institution>,<country>Malaysia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mustafa, Ghulam" sort="Mustafa, Ghulam" uniqKey="Mustafa G" first="Ghulam" last="Mustafa">Ghulam Mustafa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff402"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pediatric Medicine</institution>,<institution>Nishtar Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Multan</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff403"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Pulmonology</institution>,<institution>Institute of Mother & Child Care</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Multan</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naderi, Mehdi" sort="Naderi, Mehdi" uniqKey="Naderi M" first="Mehdi" last="Naderi">Mehdi Naderi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff404"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Research Development Center</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman" sort="Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman" uniqKey="Nagarajan A" first="Ahamarshan Jayaraman" last="Nagarajan">Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff405"><institution content-type="department">Research and Analytics</institution>,<institution>Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Chennai</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff406"><institution content-type="department">Research and Analytics</institution>,<institution>Bioinsilico Technologies</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Chennai</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naik, Gurudatta" sort="Naik, Gurudatta" uniqKey="Naik G" first="Gurudatta" last="Naik">Gurudatta Naik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff407"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<country>AL, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naimzada, Mukhammad David" sort="Naimzada, Mukhammad David" uniqKey="Naimzada M" first="Mukhammad David" last="Naimzada">Mukhammad David Naimzada</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff408"><institution content-type="department">Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization</institution>,<institution>Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dolgoprudny</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff409"><institution content-type="department">Experimental Surgery and Oncology Laboratory</institution>,<institution>Kursk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kursk</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Najafi, Farid" sort="Najafi, Farid" uniqKey="Najafi F" first="Farid" last="Najafi">Farid Najafi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff410"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nangia, Vinay" sort="Nangia, Vinay" uniqKey="Nangia V" first="Vinay" last="Nangia">Vinay Nangia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff411"><institution>Suraj Eye Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Nagpur</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nascimento, Bruno Ramos" sort="Nascimento, Bruno Ramos" uniqKey="Nascimento B" first="Bruno Ramos" last="Nascimento">Bruno Ramos Nascimento</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff412"><institution content-type="department">Hospital of the Federal University of Minas Gerais</institution>,<institution>Federal University of Minas Gerais</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naserbakht, Morteza" sort="Naserbakht, Morteza" uniqKey="Naserbakht M" first="Morteza" last="Naserbakht">Morteza Naserbakht</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff413"><institution content-type="department">Mental Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>IUMS</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff414"><institution content-type="department">Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>IUMS</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nayak, Vinod" sort="Nayak, Vinod" uniqKey="Nayak V" first="Vinod" last="Nayak">Vinod Nayak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff415"><institution content-type="department">Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology</institution>,<institution>Manipal Academy of Higher Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Manipal</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nazari, Javad" sort="Nazari, Javad" uniqKey="Nazari J" first="Javad" last="Nazari">Javad Nazari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff416"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pediatrics</institution>,<institution>Arak University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Arak</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff417"><institution>Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith" sort="Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith" uniqKey="Ndwandwe D" first="Duduzile Edith" last="Ndwandwe">Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff418"><institution content-type="department">Cochrane South Africa</institution>,<institution>South African Medical Research Council</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Negoi, Ionut" sort="Negoi, Ionut" uniqKey="Negoi I" first="Ionut" last="Negoi">Ionut Negoi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff419"><institution content-type="department">Department of General Surgery</institution>,<institution>Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff420"><institution content-type="department">Department of General Surgery</institution>,<institution>Emergency Hospital of Bucharest</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ngunjiri, Josephine W" sort="Ngunjiri, Josephine W" uniqKey="Ngunjiri J" first="Josephine W" last="Ngunjiri">Josephine W. Ngunjiri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff421"><institution>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Embu</addr-line>,<country>Kenya</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Trang Huyen" sort="Nguyen, Trang Huyen" uniqKey="Nguyen T" first="Trang Huyen" last="Nguyen">Trang Huyen Nguyen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff231"><institution content-type="department">Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine</institution>,<institution>Nguyen Tat Thanh University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ho Chi Minh City</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Cuong Tat" sort="Nguyen, Cuong Tat" uniqKey="Nguyen C" first="Cuong Tat" last="Nguyen">Cuong Tat Nguyen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff422"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Global Health Innovations</institution>,<institution>Duy Tan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hanoi</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Diep Ngoc" sort="Nguyen, Diep Ngoc" uniqKey="Nguyen D" first="Diep Ngoc" last="Nguyen">Diep Ngoc Nguyen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff423"><institution content-type="department">Project of ADB</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Nutrition</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hanoi</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff424"><institution content-type="department">Industrial Management Department</institution>,<institution>Hanoi University of Science and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hanoi</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thi Nguyen, Huong Lan" sort="Thi Nguyen, Huong Lan" uniqKey="Thi Nguyen H" first="Huong Lan" last="Thi Nguyen">Huong Lan Thi Nguyen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff422"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Global Health Innovations</institution>,<institution>Duy Tan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hanoi</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nikbakhsh, Rajan" sort="Nikbakhsh, Rajan" uniqKey="Nikbakhsh R" first="Rajan" last="Nikbakhsh">Rajan Nikbakhsh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff425"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacology</institution>,<institution>Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff426"><institution>Heidelberg University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Heidelberg</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anggraini Ningrum, Dina Nur" sort="Anggraini Ningrum, Dina Nur" uniqKey="Anggraini Ningrum D" first="Dina Nur" last="Anggraini Ningrum">Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff427"><institution>Public Health Department, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Kota Semarang</institution>,<country>Indonesia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff428"><institution content-type="department">Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics</institution>,<institution>Taipei Medical University, Taipei City</institution>,<country>Taiwan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nnaji, Chukwudi A" sort="Nnaji, Chukwudi A" uniqKey="Nnaji C" first="Chukwudi A" last="Nnaji">Chukwudi A. Nnaji</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff418"><institution content-type="department">Cochrane South Africa</institution>,<institution>South African Medical Research Council</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff429"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health and Family Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Cape Town</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ofori Asenso, Richard" sort="Ofori Asenso, Richard" uniqKey="Ofori Asenso R" first="Richard" last="Ofori-Asenso">Richard Ofori-Asenso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff430"><institution content-type="department">Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics</institution>,<institution>Monash University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff431"><institution>Independent Consultant</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Accra</addr-line>,<country>Ghana</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ogbo, Felix Akpojene" sort="Ogbo, Felix Akpojene" uniqKey="Ogbo F" first="Felix Akpojene" last="Ogbo">Felix Akpojene Ogbo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff432"><institution content-type="department">UCIBIO</institution>,<institution>University of Porto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Porto</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oghenetega, Onome Bright" sort="Oghenetega, Onome Bright" uniqKey="Oghenetega O" first="Onome Bright" last="Oghenetega">Onome Bright Oghenetega</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff433"><institution content-type="department">Reproductive Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ibadan</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ibadan</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oh, In Hwan" sort="Oh, In Hwan" uniqKey="Oh I" first="In-Hwan" last="Oh">In-Hwan Oh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff434"><institution content-type="department">Department of Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Kyung Hee University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dongdaemun-gu</addr-line>,<country>South Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olagunju, Andrew T" sort="Olagunju, Andrew T" uniqKey="Olagunju A" first="Andrew T" last="Olagunju">Andrew T. Olagunju</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff435"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences</institution>,<institution>McMaster University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamilton</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff436"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>University of Lagos</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lagos</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olagunju, Tinuke O" sort="Olagunju, Tinuke O" uniqKey="Olagunju T" first="Tinuke O" last="Olagunju">Tinuke O. Olagunju</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff437"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine</institution>,<institution>McMaster University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamilton</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bali, Ahmed Omar" sort="Bali, Ahmed Omar" uniqKey="Bali A" first="Ahmed Omar" last="Bali">Ahmed Omar Bali</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff438"><institution content-type="department">Diplomacy and Public Relations Department</institution>,<institution>University of Human Development</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sulaimaniyah</addr-line>,<country>Iraq</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Onwujekwe, Obinna E" sort="Onwujekwe, Obinna E" uniqKey="Onwujekwe O" first="Obinna E" last="Onwujekwe">Obinna E. Onwujekwe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff439"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics</institution>,<institution>University of Nigeria Nsukka</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Enugu</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Orpana, Heather M" sort="Orpana, Heather M" uniqKey="Orpana H" first="Heather M" last="Orpana">Heather M. Orpana</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff440"><institution content-type="department">Applied Research Division</institution>,<institution>Public Health Agency of Canada</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff441"><institution content-type="department">School of Psychology</institution>,<institution>University of Ottawa</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ota, Erika" sort="Ota, Erika" uniqKey="Ota E" first="Erika" last="Ota">Erika Ota</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff442"><institution content-type="department">Department of Global Health Nursing</institution>,<institution>St. Luke’s International University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Chuo-ku</addr-line>,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Otstavnov, Nikita" sort="Otstavnov, Nikita" uniqKey="Otstavnov N" first="Nikita" last="Otstavnov">Nikita Otstavnov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff408"><institution content-type="department">Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization</institution>,<institution>Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dolgoprudny</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff443"><institution content-type="department">Academic Department</institution>,<institution>Unium Ltd</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Otstavnov, Stanislav S" sort="Otstavnov, Stanislav S" uniqKey="Otstavnov S" first="Stanislav S" last="Otstavnov">Stanislav S. Otstavnov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff408"><institution content-type="department">Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization</institution>,<institution>Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dolgoprudny</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff444"><institution content-type="department">Department of Project Management</institution>,<institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="P A, Mahesh" sort="P A, Mahesh" uniqKey="P A M" first="Mahesh" last="P A">Mahesh P A</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff445"><institution content-type="department">Department of Respiratory Medicine</institution>,<institution>Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Academy of Health Education and Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mysore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Padubidri, Jagadish Rao" sort="Padubidri, Jagadish Rao" uniqKey="Padubidri J" first="Jagadish Rao" last="Padubidri">Jagadish Rao Padubidri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff446"><institution content-type="department">Department of Forensic Medicine</institution>,<institution>Manipal Academy of Higher Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Manipal</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pakhale, Smita" sort="Pakhale, Smita" uniqKey="Pakhale S" first="Smita" last="Pakhale">Smita Pakhale</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff447"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pakshir, Keyvan" sort="Pakshir, Keyvan" uniqKey="Pakshir K" first="Keyvan" last="Pakshir">Keyvan Pakshir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff448"><institution content-type="department">Parasitology and Mycology Department</institution>,<institution>Shiraz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Shiraz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Panda Jonas, Songhomitra" sort="Panda Jonas, Songhomitra" uniqKey="Panda Jonas S" first="Songhomitra" last="Panda-Jonas">Songhomitra Panda-Jonas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff449"><institution content-type="department">Augenpraxis Jonas</institution>,<institution>Heidelberg University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Heidelberg</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Eun Kee" sort="Park, Eun Kee" uniqKey="Park E" first="Eun-Kee" last="Park">Eun-Kee Park</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff450"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine</institution>,<institution>Kosin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Busan</addr-line>,<country>South Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Patel, Sangram Kishor" sort="Patel, Sangram Kishor" uniqKey="Patel S" first="Sangram Kishor" last="Patel">Sangram Kishor Patel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff451"><institution content-type="department">Research and Evaluation Department</institution>,<institution>Population Council</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff452"><institution>Indian Institute of Health Management Research University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jaipur</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pathak, Ashish" sort="Pathak, Ashish" uniqKey="Pathak A" first="Ashish" last="Pathak">Ashish Pathak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff453"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pediatircs</institution>,<institution>RD Gardi Medical College</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ujjain</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff454"><institution content-type="department">Public Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Karolinska Institutet</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Stockholm</addr-line>,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pati, Sanghamitra" sort="Pati, Sanghamitra" uniqKey="Pati S" first="Sanghamitra" last="Pati">Sanghamitra Pati</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff455"><institution>Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bhubaneswar</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paulos, Kebreab" sort="Paulos, Kebreab" uniqKey="Paulos K" first="Kebreab" last="Paulos">Kebreab Paulos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff456"><institution>Department of Midwifery, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peden, Amy E" sort="Peden, Amy E" uniqKey="Peden A" first="Amy E" last="Peden">Amy E. Peden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff182"><institution>Royal Life Saving Society</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff457"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health and Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Filipino Pepito, Veincent Christian" sort="Filipino Pepito, Veincent Christian" uniqKey="Filipino Pepito V" first="Veincent Christian" last="Filipino Pepito">Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff458"><institution content-type="department">Center for Research and Innovation</institution>,<institution>Ateneo De Manila University, Pasig City</institution>,<country>Philippines</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pereira, Jeevan" sort="Pereira, Jeevan" uniqKey="Pereira J" first="Jeevan" last="Pereira">Jeevan Pereira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff459"><institution content-type="department">Department of Orthopedics</institution>,<institution>Yenepoya Medical College</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mangalore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Phillips, Michael R" sort="Phillips, Michael R" uniqKey="Phillips M" first="Michael R" last="Phillips">Michael R. Phillips</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff460"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry, Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Columbia University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New York, NY, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff461"><institution>Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Shanghai</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polibin, Roman V" sort="Polibin, Roman V" uniqKey="Polibin R" first="Roman V" last="Polibin">Roman V. Polibin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff462"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine</institution>,<institution>Sechenon University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polinder, Suzanne" sort="Polinder, Suzanne" uniqKey="Polinder S" first="Suzanne" last="Polinder">Suzanne Polinder</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff211"><institution>Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rotterdam</addr-line>,<country>Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pourmalek, Farshad" sort="Pourmalek, Farshad" uniqKey="Pourmalek F" first="Farshad" last="Pourmalek">Farshad Pourmalek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff463"><institution content-type="department">School of Population and Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of British Columbia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Vancouver</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">British Columbia</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pourshams, Akram" sort="Pourshams, Akram" uniqKey="Pourshams A" first="Akram" last="Pourshams">Akram Pourshams</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff464"><institution content-type="department">Digestive Diseases Research Institute</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Poustchi, Hossein" sort="Poustchi, Hossein" uniqKey="Poustchi H" first="Hossein" last="Poustchi">Hossein Poustchi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff464"><institution content-type="department">Digestive Diseases Research Institute</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prakash, Swayam" sort="Prakash, Swayam" uniqKey="Prakash S" first="Swayam" last="Prakash">Swayam Prakash</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff465"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nephrology</institution>,<institution>Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lucknow</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Angga Pribadi, Dimas Ria" sort="Angga Pribadi, Dimas Ria" uniqKey="Angga Pribadi D" first="Dimas Ria" last="Angga Pribadi">Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff466"><institution content-type="department">Health Sciences Department</institution>,<institution>Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sukoharjo</addr-line>,<country>Indonesia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Puri, Parul" sort="Puri, Parul" uniqKey="Puri P" first="Parul" last="Puri">Parul Puri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff286"><institution content-type="department">Department of Population Studies</institution>,<institution>International Institute for Population Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mumbai</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Syed, Zahiruddin Quazi" sort="Syed, Zahiruddin Quazi" uniqKey="Syed Z" first="Zahiruddin Quazi" last="Syed">Zahiruddin Quazi Syed</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff91"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wardha</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rabiee, Navid" sort="Rabiee, Navid" uniqKey="Rabiee N" first="Navid" last="Rabiee">Navid Rabiee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff467"><institution content-type="department">Department of Chemistry</institution>,<institution>Sharif University of Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rabiee, Mohammad" sort="Rabiee, Mohammad" uniqKey="Rabiee M" first="Mohammad" last="Rabiee">Mohammad Rabiee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff468"><institution content-type="department">Biomedical Engineering Department</institution>,<institution>Amirkabir University of Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Radfar, Amir" sort="Radfar, Amir" uniqKey="Radfar A" first="Amir" last="Radfar">Amir Radfar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff469"><institution content-type="department">College of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Central Florida</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Orlando, FL, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff470"><institution content-type="department">College of Graduate Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>A.T. Still University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mesa</addr-line>,<country>AZ, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rafay, Anwar" sort="Rafay, Anwar" uniqKey="Rafay A" first="Anwar" last="Rafay">Anwar Rafay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff471"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Contech School of Public Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lahore</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rafiee, Ata" sort="Rafiee, Ata" uniqKey="Rafiee A" first="Ata" last="Rafiee">Ata Rafiee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff472"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Alberta</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Edmonton</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Alberta</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rafiei, Alireza" sort="Rafiei, Alireza" uniqKey="Rafiei A" first="Alireza" last="Rafiei">Alireza Rafiei</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff473"><institution content-type="department">Department of Immunology</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff474"><institution content-type="department">Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rahim, Fakher" sort="Rahim, Fakher" uniqKey="Rahim F" first="Fakher" last="Rahim">Fakher Rahim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff475"><institution content-type="department">Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center</institution>,<institution>Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ahvaz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff476"><institution content-type="department">Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rahimi, Siavash" sort="Rahimi, Siavash" uniqKey="Rahimi S" first="Siavash" last="Rahimi">Siavash Rahimi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff477"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rahman, Muhammad Aziz" sort="Rahman, Muhammad Aziz" uniqKey="Rahman M" first="Muhammad Aziz" last="Rahman">Muhammad Aziz Rahman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff478"><institution content-type="department">School of Nursing and Healthcare Professions</institution>,<institution>Federation University Australia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Berwick</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff479"><institution content-type="department">School of Nursing and Midwifery</institution>,<institution>La Trobe University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rajabpour Sanati, Ali" sort="Rajabpour Sanati, Ali" uniqKey="Rajabpour Sanati A" first="Ali" last="Rajabpour-Sanati">Ali Rajabpour-Sanati</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff480"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Birjand University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birjand</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rajati, Fatemeh" sort="Rajati, Fatemeh" uniqKey="Rajati F" first="Fatemeh" last="Rajati">Fatemeh Rajati</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff392"><institution content-type="department">Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rakovac, Ivo" sort="Rakovac, Ivo" uniqKey="Rakovac I" first="Ivo" last="Rakovac">Ivo Rakovac</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff481"><institution content-type="department">European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases</institution>,<institution>World Health Organization (WHO)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rao, Sowmya J" sort="Rao, Sowmya J" uniqKey="Rao S" first="Sowmya J" last="Rao">Sowmya J. Rao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff482"><institution content-type="department">Department of Oral Pathology</institution>,<institution>Srinivas Institute of Dental Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mangalore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rashedi, Vahid" sort="Rashedi, Vahid" uniqKey="Rashedi V" first="Vahid" last="Rashedi">Vahid Rashedi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff483"><institution content-type="department">School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health</institution>,<institution>Tehran Institute of Psychiatry</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rastogi, Prateek" sort="Rastogi, Prateek" uniqKey="Rastogi P" first="Prateek" last="Rastogi">Prateek Rastogi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff446"><institution content-type="department">Department of Forensic Medicine</institution>,<institution>Manipal Academy of Higher Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Manipal</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rathi, Priya" sort="Rathi, Priya" uniqKey="Rathi P" first="Priya" last="Rathi">Priya Rathi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff233"><institution>Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Manipal</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rawaf, Salman" sort="Rawaf, Salman" uniqKey="Rawaf S" first="Salman" last="Rawaf">Salman Rawaf</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff338"><institution content-type="department">Department of Primary Care and Public Health</institution>,<institution>Imperial College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff484"><institution content-type="department">Academic Public Health Department</institution>,<institution>Public Health England</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rawal, Lal" sort="Rawal, Lal" uniqKey="Rawal L" first="Lal" last="Rawal">Lal Rawal</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff485"><institution content-type="department">School of Health</institution>,<institution>Medical and Applied Sciences, CQ University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rawassizadeh, Reza" sort="Rawassizadeh, Reza" uniqKey="Rawassizadeh R" first="Reza" last="Rawassizadeh">Reza Rawassizadeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff486"><institution content-type="department">Department of Computer Science</institution>,<institution>Metropolitan College, Boston University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Renjith, Vishnu" sort="Renjith, Vishnu" uniqKey="Renjith V" first="Vishnu" last="Renjith">Vishnu Renjith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff487"><institution content-type="department">Neurology Department</institution>,<institution>Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Thiruvananthapuram</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Resnikoff, Serge" sort="Resnikoff, Serge" uniqKey="Resnikoff S" first="Serge" last="Resnikoff">Serge Resnikoff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff488"><institution>Brien Holden Vision Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff489"><institution>Organization for the Prevention of Blindness</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Paris</addr-line>,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rezapour, Aziz" sort="Rezapour, Aziz" uniqKey="Rezapour A" first="Aziz" last="Rezapour">Aziz Rezapour</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff30"><institution content-type="department">Health Management and Economics Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ribeiro, Ana Isabel" sort="Ribeiro, Ana Isabel" uniqKey="Ribeiro A" first="Ana Isabel" last="Ribeiro">Ana Isabel Ribeiro</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff490"><institution content-type="department">EPIUnit - Public Health Institute University Porto (ISPUP)</institution>,<institution>University of Porto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Porto</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rickard, Jennifer" sort="Rickard, Jennifer" uniqKey="Rickard J" first="Jennifer" last="Rickard">Jennifer Rickard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff491"><institution content-type="department">Surgery Department</institution>,<institution>University of Minnesota</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Minneapolis</addr-line>,<country>MN, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff492"><institution content-type="department">Surgery Department</institution>,<institution>University Teaching Hospital of Kigali</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kigali</addr-line>,<country>Rwanda</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rios Gonzalez, Carlos Miguel" sort="Rios Gonzalez, Carlos Miguel" uniqKey="Rios Gonzalez C" first="Carlos Miguel" last="Rios González">Carlos Miguel Rios González</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff493"><institution>Research Directorate, Nihon Gakko University, Fernando de la Mora</institution>,<country>Paraguay</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff494"><institution>Research Direction, Universidad Nacional de Caaguazú, Coronel Oviedo</institution>,<country>Paraguay</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roever, Leonardo" sort="Roever, Leonardo" uniqKey="Roever L" first="Leonardo" last="Roever">Leonardo Roever</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff495"><institution content-type="department">Department of Clinical Research</institution>,<institution>Federal University of Uberlândia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Uberlândia</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ronfani, Luca" sort="Ronfani, Luca" uniqKey="Ronfani L" first="Luca" last="Ronfani">Luca Ronfani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff390"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit</institution>,<institution>Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Trieste</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roshandel, Gholamreza" sort="Roshandel, Gholamreza" uniqKey="Roshandel G" first="Gholamreza" last="Roshandel">Gholamreza Roshandel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff464"><institution content-type="department">Digestive Diseases Research Institute</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff496"><institution content-type="department">Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology</institution>,<institution>Golestan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Gorgan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saddik, Basema" sort="Saddik, Basema" uniqKey="Saddik B" first="Basema" last="Saddik">Basema Saddik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff497"><institution content-type="department">College of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Sharjah</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sharjah</addr-line>,<country>United Arab Emirates</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Safarpour, Hamid" sort="Safarpour, Hamid" uniqKey="Safarpour H" first="Hamid" last="Safarpour">Hamid Safarpour</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff498"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies</institution>,<institution>Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Safdarian, Mahdi" sort="Safdarian, Mahdi" uniqKey="Safdarian M" first="Mahdi" last="Safdarian">Mahdi Safdarian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff499"><institution content-type="department">Department of Neuroscience</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff500"><institution content-type="department">Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohammad Sajadi, S" sort="Mohammad Sajadi, S" uniqKey="Mohammad Sajadi S" first="S" last="Mohammad Sajadi">S. Mohammad Sajadi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff501"><institution content-type="department">Nanobiotechnology Center</institution>,<institution>Soran University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Soran</addr-line>,<country>Iraq</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salamati, Payman" sort="Salamati, Payman" uniqKey="Salamati P" first="Payman" last="Salamati">Payman Salamati</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff500"><institution content-type="department">Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rashad Salem, Marwa R" sort="Rashad Salem, Marwa R" uniqKey="Rashad Salem M" first="Marwa R" last="Rashad Salem">Marwa R. Rashad Salem</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff502"><institution content-type="department">Public Health and Community Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>Cairo University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Giza</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salem, Hosni" sort="Salem, Hosni" uniqKey="Salem H" first="Hosni" last="Salem">Hosni Salem</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff503"><institution content-type="department">Urology Department</institution>,<institution>Cairo University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Giza</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salz, Inbal" sort="Salz, Inbal" uniqKey="Salz I" first="Inbal" last="Salz">Inbal Salz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff504"><institution content-type="department">Health and Disability Intelligence Group</institution>,<institution>Ministry of Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wellington</addr-line>,<country>New Zealand</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Samy, Abdallah M" sort="Samy, Abdallah M" uniqKey="Samy A" first="Abdallah M" last="Samy">Abdallah M. Samy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff505"><institution content-type="department">Department of Entomology</institution>,<institution>Ain Shams University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cairo</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanabria, Juan" sort="Sanabria, Juan" uniqKey="Sanabria J" first="Juan" last="Sanabria">Juan Sanabria</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff506"><institution content-type="department">Department of Surgery</institution>,<institution>Marshall University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Huntington, WV, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff507"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Case Western Reserve University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cleveland, OH, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Riera, Lidia Sanchez" sort="Riera, Lidia Sanchez" uniqKey="Riera L" first="Lidia Sanchez" last="Riera">Lidia Sanchez Riera</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff508"><institution content-type="department">Rheumatology Department</institution>,<institution>University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bristol</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff509"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Bone and Joint Research</institution>,<institution>University of Sydney</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Syndey</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Santric Milicevic, Milena M" sort="Santric Milicevic, Milena M" uniqKey="Santric Milicevic M" first="Milena M" last="Santric Milicevic">Milena M. Santric Milicevic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff510"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Social Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Belgrade</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Belgrade</addr-line>,<country>Serbia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff511"><institution content-type="department">Centre-School of Public Health and Health Management</institution>,<institution>University of Belgrade</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Belgrade</addr-line>,<country>Serbia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sarker, Abdur Razzaque" sort="Sarker, Abdur Razzaque" uniqKey="Sarker A" first="Abdur Razzaque" last="Sarker">Abdur Razzaque Sarker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff512"><institution content-type="department">Health Economics</institution>,<institution>Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dhaka</addr-line>,<country>Bangladesh</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sarveazad, Arash" sort="Sarveazad, Arash" uniqKey="Sarveazad A" first="Arash" last="Sarveazad">Arash Sarveazad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff513"><institution content-type="department">Colorectal Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sathian, Brijesh" sort="Sathian, Brijesh" uniqKey="Sathian B" first="Brijesh" last="Sathian">Brijesh Sathian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff514"><institution content-type="department">Surgery Department</institution>,<institution>Hamad Medical Corporation</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Doha</addr-line>,<country>Qatar</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff515"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Health & Social Sciences</institution>,<institution>Bournemouth University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bournemouth</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sawhney, Monika" sort="Sawhney, Monika" uniqKey="Sawhney M" first="Monika" last="Sawhney">Monika Sawhney</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff516"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of North Carolina at Charlotte</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Charlotte</addr-line>,<country>NC, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sayyah, Mehdi" sort="Sayyah, Mehdi" uniqKey="Sayyah M" first="Mehdi" last="Sayyah">Mehdi Sayyah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff517"><institution>Education Development Center, Faculty Member of Education Development Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ahvaz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwebel, David C" sort="Schwebel, David C" uniqKey="Schwebel D" first="David C" last="Schwebel">David C. Schwebel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff518"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychology</institution>,<institution>University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<country>AL, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seedat, Soraya" sort="Seedat, Soraya" uniqKey="Seedat S" first="Soraya" last="Seedat">Soraya Seedat</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff519"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>Stellenbosch University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Senthilkumaran, Subramanian" sort="Senthilkumaran, Subramanian" uniqKey="Senthilkumaran S" first="Subramanian" last="Senthilkumaran">Subramanian Senthilkumaran</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff520"><institution content-type="department">Emergency Department</institution>,<institution>Manian Medical Centre</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Erode</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba" sort="Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba" uniqKey="Seyedmousavi S" first="Seyedmojtaba" last="Seyedmousavi">Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff521"><institution content-type="department">Microbiology Service</institution>,<institution>National Institutes of Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bethesda</addr-line>,<country>MD, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sha, Feng" sort="Sha, Feng" uniqKey="Sha F" first="Feng" last="Sha">Feng Sha</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff522"><institution content-type="department">Center for Biomedical Information Technology</institution>,<institution>Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Shenzhen</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shaahmadi, Faramarz" sort="Shaahmadi, Faramarz" uniqKey="Shaahmadi F" first="Faramarz" last="Shaahmadi">Faramarz Shaahmadi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff523"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Promotion and Education</institution>,<institution>Alborz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Karaj</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shahabi, Saeed" sort="Shahabi, Saeed" uniqKey="Shahabi S" first="Saeed" last="Shahabi">Saeed Shahabi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff524"><institution content-type="department">Health Policy Research Center</institution>,<institution>Shiraz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Shiraz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shaikh, Masood Ali" sort="Shaikh, Masood Ali" uniqKey="Shaikh M" first="Masood Ali" last="Shaikh">Masood Ali Shaikh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff525"><institution>Independent Consultant</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Karachi</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shams Beyranvand, Mehran" sort="Shams Beyranvand, Mehran" uniqKey="Shams Beyranvand M" first="Mehran" last="Shams-Beyranvand">Mehran Shams-Beyranvand</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff526"><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Alborz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Karaj</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sheikh, Aziz" sort="Sheikh, Aziz" uniqKey="Sheikh A" first="Aziz" last="Sheikh">Aziz Sheikh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff527"><institution content-type="department">Centre for Medical Informatics</institution>,<institution>University of Edinburgh</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Edinburgh</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff528"><institution content-type="department">Division of General Internal Medicine</institution>,<institution>Harvard University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shigematsu, Mika" sort="Shigematsu, Mika" uniqKey="Shigematsu M" first="Mika" last="Shigematsu">Mika Shigematsu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff529"><institution>National Institute of Infectious Diseases</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tokyo</addr-line>,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shin, Jae Il" sort="Shin, Jae Il" uniqKey="Shin J" first="Jae Il" last="Shin">Jae Il Shin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff530"><institution content-type="department">College of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Yonsei University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seodaemun-gu</addr-line>,<country>South Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff531"><institution content-type="department">Division of Cardiology</institution>,<institution>Emory University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Atlanta</addr-line>,<country>GA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shiri, Rahman" sort="Shiri, Rahman" uniqKey="Shiri R" first="Rahman" last="Shiri">Rahman Shiri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff532"><institution>Finnish Institute of Occupational Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Helsinki</addr-line>,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Siabani, Soraya" sort="Siabani, Soraya" uniqKey="Siabani S" first="Soraya" last="Siabani">Soraya Siabani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff533"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Education & Promotion</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff534"><institution content-type="department">School of Health</institution>,<institution>University of Technology Sydney</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora" sort="Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora" uniqKey="Sigfusdottir I" first="Inga Dora" last="Sigfusdottir">Inga Dora Sigfusdottir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff535"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychology</institution>,<institution>Reykjavik University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Reykjavik</addr-line>,<country>Iceland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff536"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health and Behavior Studies</institution>,<institution>Columbia University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New York, NY, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, Jasvinder A" sort="Singh, Jasvinder A" uniqKey="Singh J" first="Jasvinder A" last="Singh">Jasvinder A. Singh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff537"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<country>AL, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff538"><institution content-type="department">Medicine Service</institution>,<institution>US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<country>AL, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, Pankaj Kumar" sort="Singh, Pankaj Kumar" uniqKey="Singh P" first="Pankaj Kumar" last="Singh">Pankaj Kumar Singh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff539"><institution content-type="department">Department of Forensic Medicine</institution>,<institution>Kathmandu University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dhulikhel</addr-line>,<country>Nepal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sinha, Dhirendra Narain" sort="Sinha, Dhirendra Narain" uniqKey="Sinha D" first="Dhirendra Narain" last="Sinha">Dhirendra Narain Sinha</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff540"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>School of Preventive Oncology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Patna</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff541"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mumbai</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soheili, Amin" sort="Soheili, Amin" uniqKey="Soheili A" first="Amin" last="Soheili">Amin Soheili</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff542"><institution content-type="department">Medical Surgical Nursing Department</institution>,<institution>Urmia University of Medical Science</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Urmia</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff543"><institution>Emergency Nursing Department, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan</institution>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soriano, Joan B" sort="Soriano, Joan B" uniqKey="Soriano J" first="Joan B" last="Soriano">Joan B. Soriano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff544"><institution>Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Autonomous University of Madrid</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff545"><institution>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sorrie, Muluken Bekele" sort="Sorrie, Muluken Bekele" uniqKey="Sorrie M" first="Muluken Bekele" last="Sorrie">Muluken Bekele Sorrie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff546"><institution>Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soyiri, Ireneous N" sort="Soyiri, Ireneous N" uniqKey="Soyiri I" first="Ireneous N" last="Soyiri">Ireneous N. Soyiri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff547"><institution>Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull City</institution>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff548"><institution content-type="department">Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics</institution>,<institution>University of Edinburgh</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Edinburgh</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stokes, Mark A" sort="Stokes, Mark A" uniqKey="Stokes M" first="Mark A" last="Stokes">Mark A. Stokes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff549"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychology</institution>,<institution>Deakin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sufiyan, Mu Awiyyah Babale" sort="Sufiyan, Mu Awiyyah Babale" uniqKey="Sufiyan M" first="Mu'Awiyyah Babale" last="Sufiyan">Mu'Awiyyah Babale Sufiyan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff550"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Ahmadu Bello University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Zaria</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sykes, Bryan L" sort="Sykes, Bryan L" uniqKey="Sykes B" first="Bryan L" last="Sykes">Bryan L. Sykes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff551"><institution content-type="department">Department of Criminology</institution>,<institution>Law and Society, University of California Irvine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Irvine</addr-line>,<country>CA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tabares Seisdedos, Rafael" sort="Tabares Seisdedos, Rafael" uniqKey="Tabares Seisdedos R" first="Rafael" last="Tabarés-Seisdedos">Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff552"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Valencia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Valencia</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff553"><institution content-type="department">Carlos III Health Institute</institution>,<institution>Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tabb, Karen M" sort="Tabb, Karen M" uniqKey="Tabb K" first="Karen M" last="Tabb">Karen M. Tabb</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff554"><institution content-type="department">School of Social Work</institution>,<institution>University of Illinois</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Urbana</addr-line>,<country>IL, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taddele, Biruk Wogayehu" sort="Taddele, Biruk Wogayehu" uniqKey="Taddele B" first="Biruk Wogayehu" last="Taddele">Biruk Wogayehu Taddele</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff555"><institution>Public Health, Arba Minch College of Health Sciences, Arba Minch</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tefera, Yonatal Mesfin" sort="Tefera, Yonatal Mesfin" uniqKey="Tefera Y" first="Yonatal Mesfin" last="Tefera">Yonatal Mesfin Tefera</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff556"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Adelaide</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Adelaide</addr-line>,<country>SA, Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff557"><institution content-type="department">Department of Environmental Health</institution>,<institution>Wollo University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dessie</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tehrani Banihashemi, Arash" sort="Tehrani Banihashemi, Arash" uniqKey="Tehrani Banihashemi A" first="Arash" last="Tehrani-Banihashemi">Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff396"><institution content-type="department">Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff558"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community and Family Medicine</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tekulu, Gebretsadkan Hintsa" sort="Tekulu, Gebretsadkan Hintsa" uniqKey="Tekulu G" first="Gebretsadkan Hintsa" last="Tekulu">Gebretsadkan Hintsa Tekulu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff559"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacognosy</institution>,<institution>Mekelle University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mekelle</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tesema Tesema, Ayenew Kassie" sort="Tesema Tesema, Ayenew Kassie" uniqKey="Tesema Tesema A" first="Ayenew Kassie" last="Tesema Tesema">Ayenew Kassie Tesema Tesema</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff560"><institution>Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Gondar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tesfay, Berhe Etsay" sort="Tesfay, Berhe Etsay" uniqKey="Tesfay B" first="Berhe Etsay" last="Tesfay">Berhe Etsay Tesfay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff561"><institution>Department of Public Health, Adigrat University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Adigrat</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thapar, Rekha" sort="Thapar, Rekha" uniqKey="Thapar R" first="Rekha" last="Thapar">Rekha Thapar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff312"><institution content-type="department">Community Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mangalore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna" sort="Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna" uniqKey="Titova M" first="Mariya Vladimirovna" last="Titova">Mariya Vladimirovna Titova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff178"><institution>Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff562"><institution content-type="department">Biology Department</institution>,<institution>Moscow State University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tlaye, Kenean Getaneh" sort="Tlaye, Kenean Getaneh" uniqKey="Tlaye K" first="Kenean Getaneh" last="Tlaye">Kenean Getaneh Tlaye</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff563"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing</institution>,<institution>Woldia University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Woldia</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tohidinik, Hamid Reza" sort="Tohidinik, Hamid Reza" uniqKey="Tohidinik H" first="Hamid Reza" last="Tohidinik">Hamid Reza Tohidinik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff347"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff564"><institution content-type="department">HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center</institution>,<institution>and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Kerman University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kerman</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Topor Madry, Roman" sort="Topor Madry, Roman" uniqKey="Topor Madry R" first="Roman" last="Topor-Madry">Roman Topor-Madry</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff565"><institution>Institute of Public Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Krakow</addr-line>,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff566"><institution>The Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Warszawa</addr-line>,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tran, Khanh Bao" sort="Tran, Khanh Bao" uniqKey="Tran K" first="Khanh Bao" last="Tran">Khanh Bao Tran</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff567"><institution content-type="department">Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology</institution>,<institution>University of Auckland</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Auckland</addr-line>,<country>New Zealand</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff568"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Hematology and Toxicology</institution>,<institution>Military Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hanoi</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tran, Bach Xuan" sort="Tran, Bach Xuan" uniqKey="Tran B" first="Bach Xuan" last="Tran">Bach Xuan Tran</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff569"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Economics</institution>,<institution>Hanoi Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hanoi</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tripathy, Jaya Prasad" sort="Tripathy, Jaya Prasad" uniqKey="Tripathy J" first="Jaya Prasad" last="Tripathy">Jaya Prasad Tripathy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff90"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>All India Institute of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Nagpur</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsai, Alexander C" sort="Tsai, Alexander C" uniqKey="Tsai A" first="Alexander C" last="Tsai">Alexander C. Tsai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff570"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>Massachusetts General Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff571"><institution>Mbarara University of Science and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mbarara</addr-line>,<country>Uganda</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsatsakis, Aristidis" sort="Tsatsakis, Aristidis" uniqKey="Tsatsakis A" first="Aristidis" last="Tsatsakis">Aristidis Tsatsakis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff572"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Crete</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Heraklion</addr-line>,<country>Greece</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Car, Lorainne Tudor" sort="Car, Lorainne Tudor" uniqKey="Car L" first="Lorainne Tudor" last="Car">Lorainne Tudor Car</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff573"><institution content-type="department">Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Nanyang Technological University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Singapore, Singapore</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ullah, Irfan" sort="Ullah, Irfan" uniqKey="Ullah I" first="Irfan" last="Ullah">Irfan Ullah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff574"><institution content-type="department">Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology</institution>,<institution>Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan</institution>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff575"><institution>TB Culture Laboratory, Mufti Mehmood Memorial Teaching Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan</institution>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ullah, Saif" sort="Ullah, Saif" uniqKey="Ullah S" first="Saif" last="Ullah">Saif Ullah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff97"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Agriculture</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Faisalabad</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran" sort="Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran" uniqKey="Unnikrishnan B" first="Bhaskaran" last="Unnikrishnan">Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff260"><institution content-type="department">Community Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>Manipal Academy of Higher Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mangalore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Upadhyay, Era" sort="Upadhyay, Era" uniqKey="Upadhyay E" first="Era" last="Upadhyay">Era Upadhyay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff576"><institution content-type="department">Amity Institute of Biotechnology</institution>,<institution>Amity University Rajasthan</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jaipur</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uthman, Olalekan A" sort="Uthman, Olalekan A" uniqKey="Uthman O" first="Olalekan A" last="Uthman">Olalekan A. Uthman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff577"><institution content-type="department">Division of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Warwick</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Coventry</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valdez, Pascual R" sort="Valdez, Pascual R" uniqKey="Valdez P" first="Pascual R" last="Valdez">Pascual R. Valdez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff578"><institution>Argentine Society of Medicine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Buenos Aires</addr-line>,<country>Argentina</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff579"><institution>Velez Sarsfield Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Buenos Aires</addr-line>,<country>Argentina</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vasankari, Tommi Juhani" sort="Vasankari, Tommi Juhani" uniqKey="Vasankari T" first="Tommi Juhani" last="Vasankari">Tommi Juhani Vasankari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff580"><institution>UKK Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tampere</addr-line>,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Veisani, Yousef" sort="Veisani, Yousef" uniqKey="Veisani Y" first="Yousef" last="Veisani">Yousef Veisani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff581"><institution content-type="department">Psychosocial Injuries Research Center</institution>,<institution>Ilam University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ilam</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy" sort="Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy" uniqKey="Venketasubramanian N" first="Narayanaswamy" last="Venketasubramanian">Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff582"><institution>Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Singapore, Singapore</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff583"><institution content-type="department">Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>National University of Singapore</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Singapore, Singapore</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Violante, Francesco S" sort="Violante, Francesco S" uniqKey="Violante F" first="Francesco S" last="Violante">Francesco S. Violante</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff584"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Bologna</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bologna</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff585"><institution content-type="department">Occupational Health Unit</institution>,<institution>Sant’Orsola Malpighi Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bologna</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vlassov, Vasily" sort="Vlassov, Vasily" uniqKey="Vlassov V" first="Vasily" last="Vlassov">Vasily Vlassov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff586"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Care Administration and Economics</institution>,<institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waheed, Yasir" sort="Waheed, Yasir" uniqKey="Waheed Y" first="Yasir" last="Waheed">Yasir Waheed</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff587"><institution>Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Islamabad</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Yuan Pang" sort="Wang, Yuan Pang" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yuan-Pang" last="Wang">Yuan-Pang Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff113"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>University of São Paulo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">São Paulo</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wiangkham, Taweewat" sort="Wiangkham, Taweewat" uniqKey="Wiangkham T" first="Taweewat" last="Wiangkham">Taweewat Wiangkham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff588"><institution content-type="department">Department of Physical Therapy</institution>,<institution>Naresuan University, Meung District</institution>,<country>Thailand</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wolde, Haileab Fekadu" sort="Wolde, Haileab Fekadu" uniqKey="Wolde H" first="Haileab Fekadu" last="Wolde">Haileab Fekadu Wolde</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff400"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>University of Gondar</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Gondar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Woldeyes, Dawit Habte" sort="Woldeyes, Dawit Habte" uniqKey="Woldeyes D" first="Dawit Habte" last="Woldeyes">Dawit Habte Woldeyes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff589"><institution content-type="department">Department of Human Anatomy</institution>,<institution>Histology, and Embryology, Bahir Dar University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bahir Dar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wondmeneh, Temesgen Gebeyehu" sort="Wondmeneh, Temesgen Gebeyehu" uniqKey="Wondmeneh T" first="Temesgen Gebeyehu" last="Wondmeneh">Temesgen Gebeyehu Wondmeneh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff386"><institution>Department of Public Health, Samara University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Samara</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wondmieneh, Adam Belay" sort="Wondmieneh, Adam Belay" uniqKey="Wondmieneh A" first="Adam Belay" last="Wondmieneh">Adam Belay Wondmieneh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff186"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing and Midwifery</institution>,<institution>Addis Ababa University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Addis Ababa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff590"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing</institution>,<institution>Wollo University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dessie</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Ai Min" sort="Wu, Ai Min" uniqKey="Wu A" first="Ai-Min" last="Wu">Ai-Min Wu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff591"><institution content-type="department">Department of Orthopaedics</institution>,<institution>Wenzhou Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wenzhou</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wyper, Grant M A" sort="Wyper, Grant M A" uniqKey="Wyper G" first="Grant M A" last="Wyper">Grant M A. Wyper</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff592"><institution content-type="department">Public Health Science Directorate</institution>,<institution>NHS Health Scotland</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Glasgow</addr-line>,<country>Scotland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yadav, Rajaram" sort="Yadav, Rajaram" uniqKey="Yadav R" first="Rajaram" last="Yadav">Rajaram Yadav</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff286"><institution content-type="department">Department of Population Studies</institution>,<institution>International Institute for Population Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mumbai</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yadollahpour, Ali" sort="Yadollahpour, Ali" uniqKey="Yadollahpour A" first="Ali" last="Yadollahpour">Ali Yadollahpour</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff593"><institution content-type="department">Medical Physics Department</institution>,<institution>Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ahvaz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yano, Yuichiro" sort="Yano, Yuichiro" uniqKey="Yano Y" first="Yuichiro" last="Yano">Yuichiro Yano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff594"><institution content-type="department">Department of Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Northwestern University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Chicago</addr-line>,<country>IL, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yaya, Sanni" sort="Yaya, Sanni" uniqKey="Yaya S" first="Sanni" last="Yaya">Sanni Yaya</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff595"><institution content-type="department">School of International Development and Global Studies</institution>,<institution>University of Ottawa</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yazdi Feyzabadi, Vahid" sort="Yazdi Feyzabadi, Vahid" uniqKey="Yazdi Feyzabadi V" first="Vahid" last="Yazdi-Feyzabadi">Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff596"><institution content-type="department">Health Services Management Research Center</institution>,<institution>Kerman University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kerman</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff597"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Management</institution>,<institution>Policy and Economics, Kerman University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kerman</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ye, Pengpeng" sort="Ye, Pengpeng" uniqKey="Ye P" first="Pengpeng" last="Ye">Pengpeng Ye</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff598"><institution content-type="department">Division of Injury Prevention and Mental Health Improvement</institution>,<institution>National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Beijing</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yip, Paul" sort="Yip, Paul" uniqKey="Yip P" first="Paul" last="Yip">Paul Yip</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff599"><institution content-type="department">Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention</institution>,<institution>University of Hong Kong</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hong Kong</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff600"><institution content-type="department">Department of Social Work and Social Administration</institution>,<institution>University of Hong Kong</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hong Kong</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yisma, Engida" sort="Yisma, Engida" uniqKey="Yisma E" first="Engida" last="Yisma">Engida Yisma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff601"><institution content-type="department">School of Allied Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Addis Ababa University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Addis Ababa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yonemoto, Naohiro" sort="Yonemoto, Naohiro" uniqKey="Yonemoto N" first="Naohiro" last="Yonemoto">Naohiro Yonemoto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff602"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychopharmacology</institution>,<institution>National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tokyo</addr-line>,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yoon, Seok Jun" sort="Yoon, Seok Jun" uniqKey="Yoon S" first="Seok-Jun" last="Yoon">Seok-Jun Yoon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff292"><institution content-type="department">Department of Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Korea University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seoul</addr-line>,<country>South Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Youm, Yoosik" sort="Youm, Yoosik" uniqKey="Youm Y" first="Yoosik" last="Youm">Yoosik Youm</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff603"><institution content-type="department">Department of Sociology</institution>,<institution>Yonsei University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seoul</addr-line>,<country>South Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Younis, Mustafa Z" sort="Younis, Mustafa Z" uniqKey="Younis M" first="Mustafa Z" last="Younis">Mustafa Z. Younis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff604"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Policy & Management</institution>,<institution>Jackson State University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jackson</addr-line>,<country>MS, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff605"><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Tsinghua University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Beijing</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yousefi, Zabihollah" sort="Yousefi, Zabihollah" uniqKey="Yousefi Z" first="Zabihollah" last="Yousefi">Zabihollah Yousefi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff606"><institution content-type="department">Department of Environmental Health</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff607"><institution content-type="department">Environmental Health</institution>,<institution>Academy of Medical Science</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, Chuanhua" sort="Yu, Chuanhua" uniqKey="Yu C" first="Chuanhua" last="Yu">Chuanhua Yu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff608"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Wuhan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wuhan</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff609"><institution content-type="department">Global Health Institute</institution>,<institution>Wuhan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wuhan</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, Yong" sort="Yu, Yong" uniqKey="Yu Y" first="Yong" last="Yu">Yong Yu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff610"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health and Management</institution>,<institution>Hubei University of Medicine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Shiyan</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moghadam, Telma Zahirian" sort="Moghadam, Telma Zahirian" uniqKey="Moghadam T" first="Telma Zahirian" last="Moghadam">Telma Zahirian Moghadam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff30"><institution content-type="department">Health Management and Economics Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff611"><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Ardabil University of Medical Science</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ardabil</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zaidi, Zoubida" sort="Zaidi, Zoubida" uniqKey="Zaidi Z" first="Zoubida" last="Zaidi">Zoubida Zaidi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff612"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>University Hospital of Setif</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Setif</addr-line>,<country>Algeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zaman, Sojib Bin" sort="Zaman, Sojib Bin" uniqKey="Zaman S" first="Sojib Bin" last="Zaman">Sojib Bin Zaman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff132"><institution content-type="department">Maternal and Child Health Division</institution>,<institution>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dhaka</addr-line>,<country>Bangladesh</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff613"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zamani, Mohammad" sort="Zamani, Mohammad" uniqKey="Zamani M" first="Mohammad" last="Zamani">Mohammad Zamani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff614"><institution content-type="department">Student Research Committee</institution>,<institution>Babol University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Babol</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zandian, Hamed" sort="Zandian, Hamed" uniqKey="Zandian H" first="Hamed" last="Zandian">Hamed Zandian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff611"><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Ardabil University of Medical Science</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ardabil</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff615"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Ardabil University of Medical Science</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ardabil</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zarei, Fatemeh" sort="Zarei, Fatemeh" uniqKey="Zarei F" first="Fatemeh" last="Zarei">Fatemeh Zarei</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff616"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Medical Sciences</institution>,<institution>Department of Health Education, Tarbiat Modares University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Zhi Jiang" sort="Zhang, Zhi Jiang" uniqKey="Zhang Z" first="Zhi-Jiang" last="Zhang">Zhi-Jiang Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff617"><institution content-type="department">Department of Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Wuhan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wuhan</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Yunquan" sort="Zhang, Yunquan" uniqKey="Zhang Y" first="Yunquan" last="Zhang">Yunquan Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff618"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Wuhan University of Science and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wuhan</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff619"><institution content-type="department">Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control</institution>,<institution>Wuhan University of Science and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wuhan</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ziapour, Arash" sort="Ziapour, Arash" uniqKey="Ziapour A" first="Arash" last="Ziapour">Arash Ziapour</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff533"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Education & Promotion</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zodpey, Sanjay" sort="Zodpey, Sanjay" uniqKey="Zodpey S" first="Sanjay" last="Zodpey">Sanjay Zodpey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff620"><institution content-type="department">Indian Institute of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Public Health Foundation of India</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Gurugram</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dandona, Rakhi" sort="Dandona, Rakhi" uniqKey="Dandona R" first="Rakhi" last="Dandona">Rakhi Dandona</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff329"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff621"><institution>Public Health Foundation of India</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Gurugram</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda" sort="Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda" uniqKey="Dharmaratne S" first="Samath Dhamminda" last="Dharmaratne">Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff329"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff622"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Peradeniya</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Peradeniya</addr-line>,<country>Sri Lanka</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hay, Simon I" sort="Hay, Simon I" uniqKey="Hay S" first="Simon I" last="Hay">Simon I. Hay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff329"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mokdad, Ali H" sort="Mokdad, Ali H" uniqKey="Mokdad A" first="Ali H" last="Mokdad">Ali H. Mokdad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff329"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pigott, David M" sort="Pigott, David M" uniqKey="Pigott D" first="David M" last="Pigott">David M. Pigott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff329"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reiner, Robert C" sort="Reiner, Robert C" uniqKey="Reiner R" first="Robert C" last="Reiner">Robert C. Reiner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff329"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vos, Theo" sort="Vos, Theo" uniqKey="Vos T" first="Theo" last="Vos">Theo Vos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff329"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">32839249</idno><idno type="pmc">7571362</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7571362</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7571362</idno><idno type="doi">10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043531</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000197</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000197</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality: methods and data used in the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study</title><author><name sortKey="James, Spencer L" sort="James, Spencer L" uniqKey="James S" first="Spencer L" last="James">Spencer L. James</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Castle, Chris D" sort="Castle, Chris D" uniqKey="Castle C" first="Chris D" last="Castle">Chris D. Castle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dingels, Zachary V" sort="Dingels, Zachary V" uniqKey="Dingels Z" first="Zachary V" last="Dingels">Zachary V. Dingels</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fox, Jack T" sort="Fox, Jack T" uniqKey="Fox J" first="Jack T" last="Fox">Jack T. Fox</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamilton, Erin B" sort="Hamilton, Erin B" uniqKey="Hamilton E" first="Erin B" last="Hamilton">Erin B. Hamilton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Zichen" sort="Liu, Zichen" uniqKey="Liu Z" first="Zichen" last="Liu">Zichen Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roberts, Nicholas L S" sort="Roberts, Nicholas L S" uniqKey="Roberts N" first="Nicholas L S" last="Roberts">Nicholas L S. Roberts</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sylte, Dillon O" sort="Sylte, Dillon O" uniqKey="Sylte D" first="Dillon O" last="Sylte">Dillon O. Sylte</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bertolacci, Gregory J" sort="Bertolacci, Gregory J" uniqKey="Bertolacci G" first="Gregory J" last="Bertolacci">Gregory J. Bertolacci</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cunningham, Matthew" sort="Cunningham, Matthew" uniqKey="Cunningham M" first="Matthew" last="Cunningham">Matthew Cunningham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henry, Nathaniel J" sort="Henry, Nathaniel J" uniqKey="Henry N" first="Nathaniel J" last="Henry">Nathaniel J. Henry</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Legrand, Kate E" sort="Legrand, Kate E" uniqKey="Legrand K" first="Kate E" last="Legrand">Kate E. Legrand</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abdelalim, Ahmed" sort="Abdelalim, Ahmed" uniqKey="Abdelalim A" first="Ahmed" last="Abdelalim">Ahmed Abdelalim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Department of Neurology</institution>,<institution>Cairo University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cairo</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abdollahpour, Ibrahim" sort="Abdollahpour, Ibrahim" uniqKey="Abdollahpour I" first="Ibrahim" last="Abdollahpour">Ibrahim Abdollahpour</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution content-type="department">Neuroscience Research Center</institution>,<institution>Isfahan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Isfahan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi" sort="Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi" uniqKey="Abdulkader R" first="Rizwan Suliankatchi" last="Abdulkader">Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abedi, Aidin" sort="Abedi, Aidin" uniqKey="Abedi A" first="Aidin" last="Abedi">Aidin Abedi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution content-type="department">Department of Orthopaedic Surgery</institution>,<institution>University of Southern California</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Los Angeles</addr-line>,<country>CA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abegaz, Kedir Hussein" sort="Abegaz, Kedir Hussein" uniqKey="Abegaz K" first="Kedir Hussein" last="Abegaz">Kedir Hussein Abegaz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"><institution content-type="department">Radiotherapy Center</institution>,<institution>Addis Ababa University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Addis Ababa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abosetugn, Akine Eshete" sort="Abosetugn, Akine Eshete" uniqKey="Abosetugn A" first="Akine Eshete" last="Abosetugn">Akine Eshete Abosetugn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"><institution>Department of Public Health, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abushouk, Abdelrahman I" sort="Abushouk, Abdelrahman I" uniqKey="Abushouk A" first="Abdelrahman I" last="Abushouk">Abdelrahman I. Abushouk</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9"><institution content-type="department">Cardiovascular Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>Ain Shams University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Abbasia</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adebayo, Oladimeji M" sort="Adebayo, Oladimeji M" uniqKey="Adebayo O" first="Oladimeji M" last="Adebayo">Oladimeji M. Adebayo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University College Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ibadan</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adsuar, Jose C" sort="Adsuar, Jose C" uniqKey="Adsuar J" first="Jose C" last="Adsuar">Jose C. Adsuar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff11"><institution content-type="department">Sport Science Department</institution>,<institution>University of Extremadura</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Badajoz</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Advani, Shailesh M" sort="Advani, Shailesh M" uniqKey="Advani S" first="Shailesh M" last="Advani">Shailesh M. Advani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12"><institution content-type="department">Social Behavioral Research Branch</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bethesda</addr-line>,<country>MD, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13"><institution content-type="department">Cancer Prevention and Control</institution>,<institution>Georgetown University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Washington, DC, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agudelo Botero, Marcela" sort="Agudelo Botero, Marcela" uniqKey="Agudelo Botero M" first="Marcela" last="Agudelo-Botero">Marcela Agudelo-Botero</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14"><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine, Center for Politics, Population and Health Research</institution>,<institution>National Autonomous University of Mexico</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mexico City, Mexico</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmad, Tauseef" sort="Ahmad, Tauseef" uniqKey="Ahmad T" first="Tauseef" last="Ahmad">Tauseef Ahmad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff15"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics</institution>,<institution>Southeast University Nanjing</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Nanjing</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff16"><institution content-type="department">Microbiology Department</institution>,<institution>Hazara University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mansehra</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmed, Muktar Beshir" sort="Ahmed, Muktar Beshir" uniqKey="Ahmed M" first="Muktar Beshir" last="Ahmed">Muktar Beshir Ahmed</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff17"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Jimma University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jimma</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmed, Rushdia" sort="Ahmed, Rushdia" uniqKey="Ahmed R" first="Rushdia" last="Ahmed">Rushdia Ahmed</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff18"><institution content-type="department">James P Grant School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>BRAC University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dhaka</addr-line>,<country>Bangladesh</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff19"><institution content-type="department">Health Systems and Population Studies Division</institution>,<institution>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dhaka</addr-line>,<country>Bangladesh</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eddine Aichour, Miloud Taki" sort="Eddine Aichour, Miloud Taki" uniqKey="Eddine Aichour M" first="Miloud Taki" last="Eddine Aichour">Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff20"><institution>Higher National School of Veterinary Medicine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Algiers</addr-line>,<country>Algeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alahdab, Fares" sort="Alahdab, Fares" uniqKey="Alahdab F" first="Fares" last="Alahdab">Fares Alahdab</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff21"><institution content-type="department">Evidence Based Practice Center</institution>,<institution>Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rochester</addr-line>,<country>MN, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour" sort="Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour" uniqKey="Alanezi F" first="Fahad Mashhour" last="Alanezi">Fahad Mashhour Alanezi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff22"><institution content-type="department">Department of Computer Sciences</institution>,<institution>Imam Abdulrehman Bin Faisal University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dammam</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alema, Niguse Meles" sort="Alema, Niguse Meles" uniqKey="Alema N" first="Niguse Meles" last="Alema">Niguse Meles Alema</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff23"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacy</institution>,<institution>Adigrat University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Adigrat</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun" sort="Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun" uniqKey="Alemu B" first="Biresaw Wassihun" last="Alemu">Biresaw Wassihun Alemu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff24"><institution content-type="department">Medicine and Health Science</institution>,<institution>Arba Minch University, Arba Minch</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff25"><institution content-type="department">Midwifery Department</institution>,<institution>Arba Minch University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Injbara</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alghnam, Suliman A" sort="Alghnam, Suliman A" uniqKey="Alghnam S" first="Suliman A" last="Alghnam">Suliman A. Alghnam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff26"><institution content-type="department">Department of Population Health Research</institution>,<institution>King Abdullah International Medical Research Center</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir" sort="Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir" uniqKey="Ali B" first="Beriwan Abdulqadir" last="Ali">Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff27"><institution content-type="department">Medical Technical Institute</institution>,<institution>Erbil Polytechnic University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Erbil</addr-line>,<country>Iraq</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ali, Saqib" sort="Ali, Saqib" uniqKey="Ali S" first="Saqib" last="Ali">Saqib Ali</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff28"><institution content-type="department">Department of Information Systems</institution>,<institution>College of Economics and Political Science, Sultan Qaboos University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Muscat</addr-line>,<country>Oman</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alinia, Cyrus" sort="Alinia, Cyrus" uniqKey="Alinia C" first="Cyrus" last="Alinia">Cyrus Alinia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff29"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Care Management and Economics</institution>,<institution>Urmia University of Medical Science</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Urmia</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alipour, Vahid" sort="Alipour, Vahid" uniqKey="Alipour V" first="Vahid" last="Alipour">Vahid Alipour</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff30"><institution content-type="department">Health Management and Economics Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff31"><institution content-type="department">Health Economics Department</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aljunid, Syed Mohamed" sort="Aljunid, Syed Mohamed" uniqKey="Aljunid S" first="Syed Mohamed" last="Aljunid">Syed Mohamed Aljunid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff32"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Policy and Management</institution>,<institution>Kuwait University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Safat</addr-line>,<country>Kuwait</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff33"><institution content-type="department">International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding</institution>,<institution>National University of Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak</institution>,<country>Malaysia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Almasi Hashiani, Amir" sort="Almasi Hashiani, Amir" uniqKey="Almasi Hashiani A" first="Amir" last="Almasi-Hashiani">Amir Almasi-Hashiani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff34"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Arak University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Arak</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Almasri, Nihad A" sort="Almasri, Nihad A" uniqKey="Almasri N" first="Nihad A" last="Almasri">Nihad A. Almasri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff35"><institution content-type="department">Physiotherapy Department</institution>,<institution>The University of Jordan</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Amman</addr-line>,<country>Jordan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Altirkawi, Khalid" sort="Altirkawi, Khalid" uniqKey="Altirkawi K" first="Khalid" last="Altirkawi">Khalid Altirkawi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff36"><institution>King Saud University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abdeldayem Amer, Yasser Sami" sort="Abdeldayem Amer, Yasser Sami" uniqKey="Abdeldayem Amer Y" first="Yasser Sami" last="Abdeldayem Amer">Yasser Sami Abdeldayem Amer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff37"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Practice Guidelines Unit</institution>,<institution>King Saud University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff38"><institution content-type="department">Alexandria Center for Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines</institution>,<institution>Alexandria University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Alexandria</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andrei, Catalina Liliana" sort="Andrei, Catalina Liliana" uniqKey="Andrei C" first="Catalina Liliana" last="Andrei">Catalina Liliana Andrei</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff39"><institution>Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ansari Moghaddam, Alireza" sort="Ansari Moghaddam, Alireza" uniqKey="Ansari Moghaddam A" first="Alireza" last="Ansari-Moghaddam">Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff40"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Health Promotion Research Center</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Zahedan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="T Antonio, Carl Abelardo" sort="T Antonio, Carl Abelardo" uniqKey="T Antonio C" first="Carl Abelardo" last="T Antonio">Carl Abelardo T Antonio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff41"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Policy and Administration</institution>,<institution>University of the Philippines Manila</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Manila</addr-line>,<country>Philippines</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff42"><institution content-type="department">Department of Applied Social Sciences</institution>,<institution>Hong Kong Polytechnic University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hong Kong</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anvari, Davood" sort="Anvari, Davood" uniqKey="Anvari D" first="Davood" last="Anvari">Davood Anvari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff43"><institution content-type="department">Department of Parasitology</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff44"><institution content-type="department">Department of Microbiology and Immunology</institution>,<institution>Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Iranshahr</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yaw Appiah, Seth Christopher" sort="Yaw Appiah, Seth Christopher" uniqKey="Yaw Appiah S" first="Seth Christopher" last="Yaw Appiah">Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff45"><institution content-type="department">Department of Sociology and Social Work</institution>,<institution>Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kumasi</addr-line>,<country>Ghana</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff46"><institution content-type="department">Center for International Health</institution>,<institution>Ludwig Maximilians University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Munich</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arabloo, Jalal" sort="Arabloo, Jalal" uniqKey="Arabloo J" first="Jalal" last="Arabloo">Jalal Arabloo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff30"><institution content-type="department">Health Management and Economics Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arab Zozani, Morteza" sort="Arab Zozani, Morteza" uniqKey="Arab Zozani M" first="Morteza" last="Arab-Zozani">Morteza Arab-Zozani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff47"><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Birjand University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birjand</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arefi, Zohreh" sort="Arefi, Zohreh" uniqKey="Arefi Z" first="Zohreh" last="Arefi">Zohreh Arefi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff48"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Promotion and Education</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aremu, Olatunde" sort="Aremu, Olatunde" uniqKey="Aremu O" first="Olatunde" last="Aremu">Olatunde Aremu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff49"><institution content-type="department">School of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Birmingham City University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ariani, Filippo" sort="Ariani, Filippo" uniqKey="Ariani F" first="Filippo" last="Ariani">Filippo Ariani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff50"><institution content-type="department">Regional Centre for the Analysis of Data on Occupational and Work-related Injuries and Diseases</institution>,<institution>Local Health Unit Tuscany Centre</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Florence</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arora, Amit" sort="Arora, Amit" uniqKey="Arora A" first="Amit" last="Arora">Amit Arora</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff51"><institution content-type="department">School of Science and Health</institution>,<institution>Western Sydney University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff52"><institution content-type="department">Oral Health Services</institution>,<institution>Sydney Local Health District</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asaad, Malke" sort="Asaad, Malke" uniqKey="Asaad M" first="Malke" last="Asaad">Malke Asaad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff53"><institution>Plastic Surgery Department, University of Texas</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Houston, TX, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina" sort="Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina" uniqKey="Ayala Quintanilla B" first="Beatriz Paulina" last="Ayala Quintanilla">Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff54"><institution content-type="department">The Judith Lumley Centre</institution>,<institution>La Trobe University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff55"><institution>General Office for Research and Technological Transfer, Peruvian National Institute of Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lima, Peru</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ayano, Getinet" sort="Ayano, Getinet" uniqKey="Ayano G" first="Getinet" last="Ayano">Getinet Ayano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff56"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Curtin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Perth</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Western Australia</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ayanore, Martin Amogre" sort="Ayanore, Martin Amogre" uniqKey="Ayanore M" first="Martin Amogre" last="Ayanore">Martin Amogre Ayanore</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff57"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Policy Planning and Management</institution>,<institution>University of Health and Allied Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ho</addr-line>,<country>Ghana</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Azarian, Ghasem" sort="Azarian, Ghasem" uniqKey="Azarian G" first="Ghasem" last="Azarian">Ghasem Azarian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff58"><institution content-type="department">Department of Environmental Health Engineering</institution>,<institution>Hamadan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamadan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Badawi, Alaa" sort="Badawi, Alaa" uniqKey="Badawi A" first="Alaa" last="Badawi">Alaa Badawi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff59"><institution content-type="department">Public Health Risk Sciences Division</institution>,<institution>Public Health Agency of Canada</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Toronto</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff60"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nutritional Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Toronto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Toronto</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Badiye, Ashish D" sort="Badiye, Ashish D" uniqKey="Badiye A" first="Ashish D" last="Badiye">Ashish D. Badiye</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff61"><institution content-type="department">Department of Forensic Science</institution>,<institution>Government Institute of Forensic Science</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Nagpur</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baig, Atif Amin" sort="Baig, Atif Amin" uniqKey="Baig A" first="Atif Amin" last="Baig">Atif Amin Baig</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff62"><institution content-type="department">Biochemistry Unit</institution>,<institution>Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kuala Terengganu</addr-line>,<country>Malaysia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff63"><institution content-type="department">School of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Univeristi Sultan Zainal Abidin</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kuala Terengganu</addr-line>,<country>Malaysia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bairwa, Mohan" sort="Bairwa, Mohan" uniqKey="Bairwa M" first="Mohan" last="Bairwa">Mohan Bairwa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff64"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Health Management Research</institution>,<institution>Indian Institute of Health Management Research University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jaipur</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff65"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Johns Hopkins University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Baltimore</addr-line>,<country>MD, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bakhtiari, Ahad" sort="Bakhtiari, Ahad" uniqKey="Bakhtiari A" first="Ahad" last="Bakhtiari">Ahad Bakhtiari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff66"><institution content-type="department">Health Policy and Management Department</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balachandran, Arun" sort="Balachandran, Arun" uniqKey="Balachandran A" first="Arun" last="Balachandran">Arun Balachandran</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff67"><institution content-type="department">Department of Demography</institution>,<institution>University of Groningen</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Groningen</addr-line>,<country>Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff68"><institution content-type="department">Population Research Centre</institution>,<institution>Institute for Social and Economic Change</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bengaluru</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Banach, Maciej" sort="Banach, Maciej" uniqKey="Banach M" first="Maciej" last="Banach">Maciej Banach</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff69"><institution content-type="department">Department of Hypertension</institution>,<institution>Medical University of Lodz</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lodz</addr-line>,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff70"><institution>Polish Mothers’ Memorial Hospital Research Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lodz</addr-line>,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Banerjee, Srikanta K" sort="Banerjee, Srikanta K" uniqKey="Banerjee S" first="Srikanta K" last="Banerjee">Srikanta K. Banerjee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff71"><institution content-type="department">School of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Walden University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Minneapolis</addr-line>,<country>MN, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Banik, Palash Chandra" sort="Banik, Palash Chandra" uniqKey="Banik P" first="Palash Chandra" last="Banik">Palash Chandra Banik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff72"><institution content-type="department">Department of Noncommunicable Diseases</institution>,<institution>Bangladesh University of Health Sciences (BUHS)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dhaka</addr-line>,<country>Bangladesh</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Banstola, Amrit" sort="Banstola, Amrit" uniqKey="Banstola A" first="Amrit" last="Banstola">Amrit Banstola</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff73"><institution>Department of Research, Public Health Perspective Nepal, Pokhara-Lekhnath Metropolitan City</institution>,<country>Nepal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barker Collo, Suzanne Lyn" sort="Barker Collo, Suzanne Lyn" uniqKey="Barker Collo S" first="Suzanne Lyn" last="Barker-Collo">Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff74"><institution content-type="department">School of Psychology</institution>,<institution>University of Auckland</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Auckland</addr-line>,<country>New Zealand</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="B Rnighausen, Till Winfried" sort="B Rnighausen, Till Winfried" uniqKey="B Rnighausen T" first="Till Winfried" last="B Rnighausen">Till Winfried B Rnighausen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff75"><institution content-type="department">Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH)</institution>,<institution>Heidelberg University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Heidelberg</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff76"><institution content-type="department">T.H. Chan School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Harvard University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barzegar, Akbar" sort="Barzegar, Akbar" uniqKey="Barzegar A" first="Akbar" last="Barzegar">Akbar Barzegar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff77"><institution content-type="department">Occupational Health Department</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bayati, Mohsen" sort="Bayati, Mohsen" uniqKey="Bayati M" first="Mohsen" last="Bayati">Mohsen Bayati</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff78"><institution content-type="department">Health Human Resources Research Center</institution>,<institution>Shiraz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Shiraz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bazargan Hejazi, Shahrzad" sort="Bazargan Hejazi, Shahrzad" uniqKey="Bazargan Hejazi S" first="Shahrzad" last="Bazargan-Hejazi">Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff79"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Los Angeles</addr-line>,<country>CA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff80"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences</institution>,<institution>David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Los Angeles</addr-line>,<country>CA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bedi, Neeraj" sort="Bedi, Neeraj" uniqKey="Bedi N" first="Neeraj" last="Bedi">Neeraj Bedi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff81"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Gandhi Medical College Bhopal</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bhopal</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff82"><institution>Jazan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jazan</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Behzadifar, Masoud" sort="Behzadifar, Masoud" uniqKey="Behzadifar M" first="Masoud" last="Behzadifar">Masoud Behzadifar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff83"><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Lorestan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Khorramabad</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Belete, Habte" sort="Belete, Habte" uniqKey="Belete H" first="Habte" last="Belete">Habte Belete</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff84"><institution content-type="department">Psychiatry Department</institution>,<institution>Bahir Dar University, Bhair Dar</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bennett, Derrick A" sort="Bennett, Derrick A" uniqKey="Bennett D" first="Derrick A" last="Bennett">Derrick A. Bennett</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff85"><institution content-type="department">Nuffield Department of Population Health</institution>,<institution>University of Oxford</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Oxford</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bensenor, Isabela M" sort="Bensenor, Isabela M" uniqKey="Bensenor I" first="Isabela M" last="Bensenor">Isabela M. Bensenor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff86"><institution content-type="department">Department of Internal Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of São Paulo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">São Paulo</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berhe, Kidanemaryam" sort="Berhe, Kidanemaryam" uniqKey="Berhe K" first="Kidanemaryam" last="Berhe">Kidanemaryam Berhe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff87"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nutrition and Dietetics</institution>,<institution>Mekelle University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mekelle</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth" sort="Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth" uniqKey="Bhagavathula A" first="Akshaya Srikanth" last="Bhagavathula">Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff88"><institution content-type="department">Department of Internal Medicine</institution>,<institution>United Arab Emirates University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Al Ain</addr-line>,<country>United Arab Emirates</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff89"><institution>Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralova</institution>,<country>Czech Republic</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bhardwaj, Pankaj" sort="Bhardwaj, Pankaj" uniqKey="Bhardwaj P" first="Pankaj" last="Bhardwaj">Pankaj Bhardwaj</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff90"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>All India Institute of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Nagpur</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff91"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wardha</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bhat, Anusha Ganapati" sort="Bhat, Anusha Ganapati" uniqKey="Bhat A" first="Anusha Ganapati" last="Bhat">Anusha Ganapati Bhat</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff92"><institution content-type="department">Internal Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>University of Massachusetts Medical School</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Springfield</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bhattacharyya, Krittika" sort="Bhattacharyya, Krittika" uniqKey="Bhattacharyya K" first="Krittika" last="Bhattacharyya">Krittika Bhattacharyya</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff93"><institution content-type="department">Department of Statistical and Computational Genomics</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Biomedical Genomics</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kalyani</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff94"><institution content-type="department">Department of Statistics</institution>,<institution>University of Calcutta, Kolkata</institution>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bhutta, Zulfiqar A" sort="Bhutta, Zulfiqar A" uniqKey="Bhutta Z" first="Zulfiqar A" last="Bhutta">Zulfiqar A. Bhutta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff95"><institution content-type="department">Centre for Global Child Health</institution>,<institution>University of Toronto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Toronto</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff96"><institution content-type="department">Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health</institution>,<institution>Aga Khan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Karachi</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bibi, Sadia" sort="Bibi, Sadia" uniqKey="Bibi S" first="Sadia" last="Bibi">Sadia Bibi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff97"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Agriculture</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Faisalabad</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bijani, Ali" sort="Bijani, Ali" uniqKey="Bijani A" first="Ali" last="Bijani">Ali Bijani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff98"><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Babol University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Babol</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boloor, Archith" sort="Boloor, Archith" uniqKey="Boloor A" first="Archith" last="Boloor">Archith Boloor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff99"><institution content-type="department">Department of Internal Medicine</institution>,<institution>Manipal Academy of Higher Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mangalore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borges, Guilherme" sort="Borges, Guilherme" uniqKey="Borges G" first="Guilherme" last="Borges">Guilherme Borges</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff100"><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Psychosocial Reseach, Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mexico City, Mexico</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borschmann, Rohan" sort="Borschmann, Rohan" uniqKey="Borschmann R" first="Rohan" last="Borschmann">Rohan Borschmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff101"><institution content-type="department">Centre for Adolescent Health</institution>,<institution>Murdoch Childrens Research Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff102"><institution content-type="department">School of Population and Global Health</institution>,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borzi, Antonio Maria" sort="Borzi, Antonio Maria" uniqKey="Borzi A" first="Antonio Maria" last="Borzì">Antonio Maria Borzì</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff103"><institution content-type="department">Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Catania</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Catania</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boufous, Soufiane" sort="Boufous, Soufiane" uniqKey="Boufous S" first="Soufiane" last="Boufous">Soufiane Boufous</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff104"><institution content-type="department">Transport and Road Safety (TARS) Research Department</institution>,<institution>University of New South Wales</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Braithwaite, Dejana" sort="Braithwaite, Dejana" uniqKey="Braithwaite D" first="Dejana" last="Braithwaite">Dejana Braithwaite</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff105"><institution content-type="department">Division of Hematology and Oncology</institution>,<institution>Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA</institution></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich" sort="Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich" uniqKey="Briko N" first="Nikolay Ivanovich" last="Briko">Nikolay Ivanovich Briko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff106"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine</institution>,<institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brugha, Traolach" sort="Brugha, Traolach" uniqKey="Brugha T" first="Traolach" last="Brugha">Traolach Brugha</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff107"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Leicester</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Leicester</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Budhathoki, Shyam S" sort="Budhathoki, Shyam S" uniqKey="Budhathoki S" first="Shyam S" last="Budhathoki">Shyam S. Budhathoki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff108"><institution content-type="department">Research Department</institution>,<institution>Golden Community</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kathmandu</addr-line>,<country>Nepal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Car, Josip" sort="Car, Josip" uniqKey="Car J" first="Josip" last="Car">Josip Car</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff109"><institution content-type="department">Centre for Population Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Nanyang Technological University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Singapore, Singapore</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff110"><institution content-type="department">Global eHealth Unit</institution>,<institution>Imperial College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cardenas, Rosario" sort="Cardenas, Rosario" uniqKey="Cardenas R" first="Rosario" last="Cárdenas">Rosario Cárdenas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff111"><institution>Department of Population and Health, Metropolitan Autonomous University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mexico City, Mexico</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carvalho, Felix" sort="Carvalho, Felix" uniqKey="Carvalho F" first="Félix" last="Carvalho">Félix Carvalho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff112"><institution content-type="department">Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO)</institution>,<institution>University of Porto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Porto</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Castaldelli Maia, Joao Mauricio" sort="Castaldelli Maia, Joao Mauricio" uniqKey="Castaldelli Maia J" first="João Mauricio" last="Castaldelli-Maia">João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff113"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>University of São Paulo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">São Paulo</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Casta Eda Orjuela, Carlos A" sort="Casta Eda Orjuela, Carlos A" uniqKey="Casta Eda Orjuela C" first="Carlos A" last="Casta Eda-Orjuela">Carlos A. Casta Eda-Orjuela</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff114"><institution content-type="department">Colombian National Health Observatory</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Health, Bogota</institution>,<country>Colombia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff115"><institution content-type="department">Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group</institution>,<institution>National University of Colombia, Bogota</institution>,<country>Colombia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Castelpietra, Giulio" sort="Castelpietra, Giulio" uniqKey="Castelpietra G" first="Giulio" last="Castelpietra">Giulio Castelpietra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff116"><institution content-type="department">Primary Care Services Area</institution>,<institution>Central Health Directorate, Region Friuli Venezia Giulia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Trieste</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff117"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine (DAME)</institution>,<institution>University of Udine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Udine</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Catala L Pez, Ferran" sort="Catala L Pez, Ferran" uniqKey="Catala L Pez F" first="Ferrán" last="Catalá-L Pez">Ferrán Catalá-L Pez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff118"><institution>National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff119"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Epidemiology Program</institution>,<institution>Ottawa Hospital Research Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cerin, Ester" sort="Cerin, Ester" uniqKey="Cerin E" first="Ester" last="Cerin">Ester Cerin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff120"><institution content-type="department">Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research</institution>,<institution>Australian Catholic University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff121"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Hong Kong</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hong Kong</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chandan, Joht S" sort="Chandan, Joht S" uniqKey="Chandan J" first="Joht S" last="Chandan">Joht S. Chandan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff122"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Applied Health Research</institution>,<institution>University of Birmingham</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chapman, Jens Robert" sort="Chapman, Jens Robert" uniqKey="Chapman J" first="Jens Robert" last="Chapman">Jens Robert Chapman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff123"><institution>Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Brain and Spine Specialists</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chattu, Vijay Kumar" sort="Chattu, Vijay Kumar" uniqKey="Chattu V" first="Vijay Kumar" last="Chattu">Vijay Kumar Chattu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff124"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Toronto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Toronto</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chattu, Soosanna Kumary" sort="Chattu, Soosanna Kumary" uniqKey="Chattu S" first="Soosanna Kumary" last="Chattu">Soosanna Kumary Chattu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff125"><institution>Department of Public Health, Texila American University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Georgetown</addr-line>,<country>Guyana</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chatziralli, Irini" sort="Chatziralli, Irini" uniqKey="Chatziralli I" first="Irini" last="Chatziralli">Irini Chatziralli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff126"><institution content-type="department">2nd Department of Ophthalmology</institution>,<institution>University of Athens</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Haidari</addr-line>,<country>Greece</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff127"><institution>Ophthalmology Independent Consultant</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Athens</addr-line>,<country>Greece</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chaudhary, Neha" sort="Chaudhary, Neha" uniqKey="Chaudhary N" first="Neha" last="Chaudhary">Neha Chaudhary</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff128"><institution content-type="department">Pediatrics Department</institution>,<institution>Harvard University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff129"><institution content-type="department">Neonatology Department</institution>,<institution>Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cho, Daniel Youngwhan" sort="Cho, Daniel Youngwhan" uniqKey="Cho D" first="Daniel Youngwhan" last="Cho">Daniel Youngwhan Cho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff130"><institution content-type="department">Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Choi, Jee Young J" sort="Choi, Jee Young J" uniqKey="Choi J" first="Jee-Young J" last="Choi">Jee-Young J. Choi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff131"><institution content-type="department">Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Science</institution>,<institution>Seoul National University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seoul</addr-line>,<country>South Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kabir Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul" sort="Kabir Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul" uniqKey="Kabir Chowdhury M" first="Mohiuddin Ahsanul" last="Kabir Chowdhury">Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff132"><institution content-type="department">Maternal and Child Health Division</institution>,<institution>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dhaka</addr-line>,<country>Bangladesh</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff133"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>University of South Carolina</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Columbia</addr-line>,<country>SC, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Christopher, Devasahayam J" sort="Christopher, Devasahayam J" uniqKey="Christopher D" first="Devasahayam J" last="Christopher">Devasahayam J. Christopher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff134"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pulmonary Medicine</institution>,<institution>Christian Medical College and Hospital (CMC)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Vellore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chu, Dinh Toi" sort="Chu, Dinh Toi" uniqKey="Chu D" first="Dinh-Toi" last="Chu">Dinh-Toi Chu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff135"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Biology</institution>,<institution>Hanoi National University of Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hanoi</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cicuttini, Flavia M" sort="Cicuttini, Flavia M" uniqKey="Cicuttini F" first="Flavia M" last="Cicuttini">Flavia M. Cicuttini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff136"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Monash University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coelho, Joao M" sort="Coelho, Joao M" uniqKey="Coelho J" first="João M" last="Coelho">João M. Coelho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff137"><institution content-type="department">Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto - Serviço de Oftalmologia</institution>,<institution>University of Porto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Porto</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Costa, Vera M" sort="Costa, Vera M" uniqKey="Costa V" first="Vera M" last="Costa">Vera M. Costa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff112"><institution content-type="department">Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO)</institution>,<institution>University of Porto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Porto</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dahlawi, Saad M A" sort="Dahlawi, Saad M A" uniqKey="Dahlawi S" first="Saad M A" last="Dahlawi">Saad M A. Dahlawi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff138"><institution content-type="department">Department of Environmental Health</institution>,<institution>Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dammam</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Daryani, Ahmad" sort="Daryani, Ahmad" uniqKey="Daryani A" first="Ahmad" last="Daryani">Ahmad Daryani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff139"><institution content-type="department">Toxoplasmosis Research Center</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davila Cervantes, Claudio Alberto" sort="Davila Cervantes, Claudio Alberto" uniqKey="Davila Cervantes C" first="Claudio Alberto" last="Dávila-Cervantes">Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff140"><institution>Population and Development, Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales Mexico</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mexico City, Mexico</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leo, Diego De" sort="Leo, Diego De" uniqKey="Leo D" first="Diego De" last="Leo">Diego De Leo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff141"><institution content-type="department">Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention</institution>,<institution>Griffith University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mount Gravatt</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Queensland</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen" sort="Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen" uniqKey="Demeke F" first="Feleke Mekonnen" last="Demeke">Feleke Mekonnen Demeke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff142"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences</institution>,<institution>Bahir Dar University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bahir Dar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam" sort="Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam" uniqKey="Demoz G" first="Gebre Teklemariam" last="Demoz">Gebre Teklemariam Demoz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff143"><institution content-type="department">School of Pharmacy</institution>,<institution>Aksum University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Aksum</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff144"><institution>Addis Ababa University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Addis Ababa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demsie, Desalegn Getnet" sort="Demsie, Desalegn Getnet" uniqKey="Demsie D" first="Desalegn Getnet" last="Demsie">Desalegn Getnet Demsie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff23"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacy</institution>,<institution>Adigrat University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Adigrat</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deribe, Kebede" sort="Deribe, Kebede" uniqKey="Deribe K" first="Kebede" last="Deribe">Kebede Deribe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff145"><institution content-type="department">Department of Global Health and Infection</institution>,<institution>Brighton and Sussex Medical School</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Brighton</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff146"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Addis Ababa University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Addis Ababa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Desai, Rupak" sort="Desai, Rupak" uniqKey="Desai R" first="Rupak" last="Desai">Rupak Desai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff147"><institution content-type="department">Division of Cardiology</institution>,<institution>Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Decatur</addr-line>,<country>GA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nasab, Mostafa Dianati" sort="Nasab, Mostafa Dianati" uniqKey="Nasab M" first="Mostafa Dianati" last="Nasab">Mostafa Dianati Nasab</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff148"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Shiraz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Shiraz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Da Silva, Diana Dias" sort="Da Silva, Diana Dias" uniqKey="Da Silva D" first="Diana Dias" last="Da Silva">Diana Dias Da Silva</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff149"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Pharmacy</institution>,<institution>University of Porto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Porto</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dibaji Forooshani, Zahra Sadat" sort="Dibaji Forooshani, Zahra Sadat" uniqKey="Dibaji Forooshani Z" first="Zahra Sadat" last="Dibaji Forooshani">Zahra Sadat Dibaji Forooshani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff150"><institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Do, Hoa Thi" sort="Do, Hoa Thi" uniqKey="Do H" first="Hoa Thi" last="Do">Hoa Thi Do</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff151"><institution content-type="department">Center of Excellence in Public Health Nutrition</institution>,<institution>Nguyen Tat Thanh University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ho Chi Minh City</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doyle, Kerrie E" sort="Doyle, Kerrie E" uniqKey="Doyle K" first="Kerrie E" last="Doyle">Kerrie E. Doyle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff152"><institution content-type="department">School of Health and Biomedical Sciences</institution>,<institution>Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bundoora</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Driscoll, Tim Robert" sort="Driscoll, Tim Robert" uniqKey="Driscoll T" first="Tim Robert" last="Driscoll">Tim Robert Driscoll</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff153"><institution content-type="department">Sydney School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Sydney</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dubljanin, Eleonora" sort="Dubljanin, Eleonora" uniqKey="Dubljanin E" first="Eleonora" last="Dubljanin">Eleonora Dubljanin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff154"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Belgrade</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Belgrade</addr-line>,<country>Serbia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adema, Bereket Duko" sort="Adema, Bereket Duko" uniqKey="Adema B" first="Bereket Duko" last="Adema">Bereket Duko Adema</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff155"><institution>Public Health Department, Hawassa University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hawassa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff156"><institution>Curtin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Perth</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Western Australia</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eagan, Arielle Wilder" sort="Eagan, Arielle Wilder" uniqKey="Eagan A" first="Arielle Wilder" last="Eagan">Arielle Wilder Eagan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff157"><institution content-type="department">Department of Global Health and Social Medicine</institution>,<institution>Harvard University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff158"><institution>Department of Social Services, Tufts Medical Center</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elemineh, Demelash Abewa" sort="Elemineh, Demelash Abewa" uniqKey="Elemineh D" first="Demelash Abewa" last="Elemineh">Demelash Abewa Elemineh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff159"><institution content-type="department">Department of Statistics</institution>,<institution>Debre Markos University, Debre Markos</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="El Jaafary, Shaimaa I" sort="El Jaafary, Shaimaa I" uniqKey="El Jaafary S" first="Shaimaa I" last="El-Jaafary">Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution content-type="department">Department of Neurology</institution>,<institution>Cairo University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cairo</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="El Khatib, Ziad" sort="El Khatib, Ziad" uniqKey="El Khatib Z" first="Ziad" last="El-Khatib">Ziad El-Khatib</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff160"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Karolinska Institutet</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Stockholm</addr-line>,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff161"><institution content-type="department">World Health Programme</institution>,<institution>Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rouyn-Noranda</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Quebec</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ellingsen, Christian Lycke" sort="Ellingsen, Christian Lycke" uniqKey="Ellingsen C" first="Christian Lycke" last="Ellingsen">Christian Lycke Ellingsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff162"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pathology</institution>,<institution>Stavanger University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Stavanger, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff163"><institution>Norwegian Institute of Public Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Oslo, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed" sort="Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed" uniqKey="Zaki M" first="Maysaa El Sayed" last="Zaki">Maysaa El Sayed Zaki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff164"><institution content-type="department">Department of Clinical Pathology</institution>,<institution>Mansoura University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mansoura</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eskandarieh, Sharareh" sort="Eskandarieh, Sharareh" uniqKey="Eskandarieh S" first="Sharareh" last="Eskandarieh">Sharareh Eskandarieh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff165"><institution content-type="department">Multiple Sclerosis Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eyawo, Oghenowede" sort="Eyawo, Oghenowede" uniqKey="Eyawo O" first="Oghenowede" last="Eyawo">Oghenowede Eyawo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff166"><institution content-type="department">Epidemiology and Population Health</institution>,<institution>York University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Vancouver</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">British Columbia</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff167"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Simon Fraser University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Burnaby</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">British Columbia</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faris, Pawan Sirwan" sort="Faris, Pawan Sirwan" uniqKey="Faris P" first="Pawan Sirwan" last="Faris">Pawan Sirwan Faris</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff168"><institution content-type="department">Biology Department</institution>,<institution>Salahaddin University-Erbil</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Erbil</addr-line>,<country>Iraq</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff169"><institution content-type="department">Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani"</institution>,<institution>University of Pavia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Pavia</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faro, Andre" sort="Faro, Andre" uniqKey="Faro A" first="Andre" last="Faro">Andre Faro</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff170"><institution>Department of Psychology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao</institution>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Farzadfar, Farshad" sort="Farzadfar, Farshad" uniqKey="Farzadfar F" first="Farshad" last="Farzadfar">Farshad Farzadfar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff171"><institution content-type="department">Non-communicable Diseases Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Mohammad" sort="Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Mohammad" uniqKey="Fereshtehnejad S" first="Seyed-Mohammad" last="Fereshtehnejad">Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff172"><institution content-type="department">Department of Neurobiology</institution>,<institution>Karolinska Institutet</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Stockholm</addr-line>,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff173"><institution content-type="department">Division of Neurology</institution>,<institution>University of Ottawa</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fernandes, Eduarda" sort="Fernandes, Eduarda" uniqKey="Fernandes E" first="Eduarda" last="Fernandes">Eduarda Fernandes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff174"><institution content-type="department">REQUIMTE/LAQV</institution>,<institution>University of Porto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Porto</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrara, Pietro" sort="Ferrara, Pietro" uniqKey="Ferrara P" first="Pietro" last="Ferrara">Pietro Ferrara</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff175"><institution content-type="department">Research Centre on Public Health (CESP)</institution>,<institution>University of Milan Bicocca</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Monza</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer, Florian" sort="Fischer, Florian" uniqKey="Fischer F" first="Florian" last="Fischer">Florian Fischer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff176"><institution content-type="department">Department of Population Medicine and Health Services Research</institution>,<institution>Bielefeld University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bielefeld</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin" sort="Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin" uniqKey="Folayan M" first="Morenike Oluwatoyin" last="Folayan">Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff177"><institution content-type="department">Department of Child Dental Health</institution>,<institution>Obafemi Awolowo University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ile-Ife</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich" sort="Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich" uniqKey="Fomenkov A" first="Artem Alekseevich" last="Fomenkov">Artem Alekseevich Fomenkov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff178"><institution>Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Foroutan, Masoud" sort="Foroutan, Masoud" uniqKey="Foroutan M" first="Masoud" last="Foroutan">Masoud Foroutan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff179"><institution content-type="department">Abadan School of Medical Sciences</institution>,<institution>Abadan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Abadan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Francis, Joel Msafiri" sort="Francis, Joel Msafiri" uniqKey="Francis J" first="Joel Msafiri" last="Francis">Joel Msafiri Francis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff180"><institution content-type="department">Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care</institution>,<institution>University of the Witwatersrand</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Johannesburg</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franklin, Richard Charles" sort="Franklin, Richard Charles" uniqKey="Franklin R" first="Richard Charles" last="Franklin">Richard Charles Franklin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff181"><institution content-type="department">College of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Medical and Veterinary Science, James Cook University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Douglas</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Queensland</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff182"><institution>Royal Life Saving Society</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fukumoto, Takeshi" sort="Fukumoto, Takeshi" uniqKey="Fukumoto T" first="Takeshi" last="Fukumoto">Takeshi Fukumoto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff183"><institution content-type="department">Department of Dermatology</institution>,<institution>Kobe University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kobe</addr-line>,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff184"><institution content-type="department">Gene Expression & Regulation Program</institution>,<institution>The Wistar Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Philadelphia</addr-line>,<country>PA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle" sort="Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle" uniqKey="Geberemariyam B" first="Biniyam Sahiledengle" last="Geberemariyam">Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff185"><institution>Public Health Department, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gebremariam, Hadush" sort="Gebremariam, Hadush" uniqKey="Gebremariam H" first="Hadush" last="Gebremariam">Hadush Gebremariam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff87"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nutrition and Dietetics</institution>,<institution>Mekelle University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mekelle</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork" sort="Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork" uniqKey="Gebremedhin K" first="Ketema Bizuwork" last="Gebremedhin">Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff186"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing and Midwifery</institution>,<institution>Addis Ababa University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Addis Ababa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gebremeskel, Leake G" sort="Gebremeskel, Leake G" uniqKey="Gebremeskel L" first="Leake G" last="Gebremeskel">Leake G. Gebremeskel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff143"><institution content-type="department">School of Pharmacy</institution>,<institution>Aksum University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Aksum</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff187"><institution content-type="department">Pharmacy Department</institution>,<institution>Mekelle University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mekelle</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn" sort="Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn" uniqKey="Gebremeskel G" first="Gebreamlak Gebremedhn" last="Gebremeskel">Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff188"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing</institution>,<institution>Aksum University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Aksum</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff189"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing</institution>,<institution>Mekelle University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mekelle</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gebremichael, Berhe" sort="Gebremichael, Berhe" uniqKey="Gebremichael B" first="Berhe" last="Gebremichael">Berhe Gebremichael</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff190"><institution>Public Health, Haramaya University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Harar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gedefaw, Getnet Azeze" sort="Gedefaw, Getnet Azeze" uniqKey="Gedefaw G" first="Getnet Azeze" last="Gedefaw">Getnet Azeze Gedefaw</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff191"><institution>Bahir Dar University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bahir Dar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff192"><institution>Haramaya University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dire Dawa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Geta, Birhanu" sort="Geta, Birhanu" uniqKey="Geta B" first="Birhanu" last="Geta">Birhanu Geta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff193"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacy</institution>,<institution>Wollo University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dessie</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Getenet, Agegnehu Bante" sort="Getenet, Agegnehu Bante" uniqKey="Getenet A" first="Agegnehu Bante" last="Getenet">Agegnehu Bante Getenet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff194"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing</institution>,<institution>Arba Minch University, Arba Minch</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghafourifard, Mansour" sort="Ghafourifard, Mansour" uniqKey="Ghafourifard M" first="Mansour" last="Ghafourifard">Mansour Ghafourifard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff195"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medical Surgery</institution>,<institution>Tabriz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tabriz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghamari, Farhad" sort="Ghamari, Farhad" uniqKey="Ghamari F" first="Farhad" last="Ghamari">Farhad Ghamari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff196"><institution content-type="department">Occupational Health Department</institution>,<institution>Arak University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Arak</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gheshlagh, Reza Ghanei" sort="Gheshlagh, Reza Ghanei" uniqKey="Gheshlagh R" first="Reza Ghanei" last="Gheshlagh">Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff197"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing and Midwifery</institution>,<institution>Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sanandaj</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gholamian, Asadollah" sort="Gholamian, Asadollah" uniqKey="Gholamian A" first="Asadollah" last="Gholamian">Asadollah Gholamian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff198"><institution content-type="department">Science and Research Branch</institution>,<institution>Islamic Azad University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff199"><institution content-type="department">Young Researchers and Elite Club</institution>,<institution>Islamic Azad University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rasht</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gilani, Syed Amir" sort="Gilani, Syed Amir" uniqKey="Gilani S" first="Syed Amir" last="Gilani">Syed Amir Gilani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff200"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Allied Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>The University of Lahore</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lahore</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff201"><institution content-type="department">Chairman BOG</institution>,<institution>Afro-Asian Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lahore</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gill, Tiffany K" sort="Gill, Tiffany K" uniqKey="Gill T" first="Tiffany K" last="Gill">Tiffany K. Gill</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff202"><institution content-type="department">Adelaide Medical School</institution>,<institution>University of Adelaide</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Adelaide</addr-line>,<country>SA, Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goudarzian, Amir Hossein" sort="Goudarzian, Amir Hossein" uniqKey="Goudarzian A" first="Amir Hossein" last="Goudarzian">Amir Hossein Goudarzian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff203"><institution content-type="department">Nursing and Midwifery Department</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goulart, Alessandra C" sort="Goulart, Alessandra C" uniqKey="Goulart A" first="Alessandra C" last="Goulart">Alessandra C. Goulart</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff204"><institution>Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo</institution>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff205"><institution>Internal Medicine Department, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo</institution>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grada, Ayman" sort="Grada, Ayman" uniqKey="Grada A" first="Ayman" last="Grada">Ayman Grada</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff206"><institution content-type="department">Department of Dermatology</institution>,<institution>Boston University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grivna, Michal" sort="Grivna, Michal" uniqKey="Grivna M" first="Michal" last="Grivna">Michal Grivna</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff207"><institution>Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Al Ain</addr-line>,<country>United Arab Emirates</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guimaraes, Rafael Alves" sort="Guimaraes, Rafael Alves" uniqKey="Guimaraes R" first="Rafael Alves" last="Guimarães">Rafael Alves Guimarães</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff208"><institution content-type="department">Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública</institution>,<institution>Federal University of Goias</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Goiânia</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guo, Yuming" sort="Guo, Yuming" uniqKey="Guo Y" first="Yuming" last="Guo">Yuming Guo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff136"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Monash University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff209"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Zhengzhou University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Zhengzhou</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gupta, Gaurav" sort="Gupta, Gaurav" uniqKey="Gupta G" first="Gaurav" last="Gupta">Gaurav Gupta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff210"><institution content-type="department">Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD)</institution>,<institution>World Health Organization (WHO)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haagsma, Juanita A" sort="Haagsma, Juanita A" uniqKey="Haagsma J" first="Juanita A" last="Haagsma">Juanita A. Haagsma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff211"><institution>Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rotterdam</addr-line>,<country>Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hall, Brian James" sort="Hall, Brian James" uniqKey="Hall B" first="Brian James" last="Hall">Brian James Hall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff212"><institution content-type="department">Global and Community Mental Health Research Group</institution>,<institution>University of Macau</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Macao</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamadeh, Randah R" sort="Hamadeh, Randah R" uniqKey="Hamadeh R" first="Randah R" last="Hamadeh">Randah R. Hamadeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff213"><institution content-type="department">Department of Family and Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Arabian Gulf University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Manama</addr-line>,<country>Bahrain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamidi, Samer" sort="Hamidi, Samer" uniqKey="Hamidi S" first="Samer" last="Hamidi">Samer Hamidi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff214"><institution content-type="department">School of Health and Environmental Studies</institution>,<institution>Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dubai</addr-line>,<country>United Arab Emirates</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes" sort="Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes" uniqKey="Handiso D" first="Demelash Woldeyohannes" last="Handiso">Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff185"><institution>Public Health Department, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haro, Josep Maria" sort="Haro, Josep Maria" uniqKey="Haro J" first="Josep Maria" last="Haro">Josep Maria Haro</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff215"><institution>Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff216"><institution content-type="department">Research and Development Unit</institution>,<institution>San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sant Boi de Llobregat</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hasanzadeh, Amir" sort="Hasanzadeh, Amir" uniqKey="Hasanzadeh A" first="Amir" last="Hasanzadeh">Amir Hasanzadeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff217"><institution content-type="department">Department of Microbiology</institution>,<institution>Maragheh University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Maragheh</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff218"><institution content-type="department">Department of Microbiology</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassan, Shoaib" sort="Hassan, Shoaib" uniqKey="Hassan S" first="Shoaib" last="Hassan">Shoaib Hassan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff219"><institution content-type="department">Centre for International Health and Section for Ethics and Health Economics</institution>,<institution>University of Bergen</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bergen, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassanipour, Soheil" sort="Hassanipour, Soheil" uniqKey="Hassanipour S" first="Soheil" last="Hassanipour">Soheil Hassanipour</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff220"><institution content-type="department">Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center</institution>,<institution>Guilan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rasht</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff221"><institution>Guilan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rasht</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassankhani, Hadi" sort="Hassankhani, Hadi" uniqKey="Hassankhani H" first="Hadi" last="Hassankhani">Hadi Hassankhani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff222"><institution content-type="department">School of Nursing and Midwifery</institution>,<institution>Tabriz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tabriz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff223"><institution>Independent Consultant</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tabriz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassen, Hamid Yimam" sort="Hassen, Hamid Yimam" uniqKey="Hassen H" first="Hamid Yimam" last="Hassen">Hamid Yimam Hassen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff224"><institution>Department of Public Health, Mizan-Tepi University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tepi</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff225"><institution content-type="department">Unit of Epidemiology and Social Medicine</institution>,<institution>University Hospital Antwerp</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wilrijk</addr-line>,<country>Belgium</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Havmoeller, Rasmus" sort="Havmoeller, Rasmus" uniqKey="Havmoeller R" first="Rasmus" last="Havmoeller">Rasmus Havmoeller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff226"><institution content-type="department">Department of Clinical Sciences</institution>,<institution>Karolinska University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Stockholm</addr-line>,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hendrie, Delia" sort="Hendrie, Delia" uniqKey="Hendrie D" first="Delia" last="Hendrie">Delia Hendrie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff56"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Curtin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Perth</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Western Australia</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heydarpour, Fatemeh" sort="Heydarpour, Fatemeh" uniqKey="Heydarpour F" first="Fatemeh" last="Heydarpour">Fatemeh Heydarpour</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff227"><institution content-type="department">Medical Biology Research Center</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hijar, Martha" sort="Hijar, Martha" uniqKey="Hijar M" first="Martha" last="Híjar">Martha Híjar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff228"><institution>Research Coordination, AC Environments Foundation</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cuernavaca, Mexico</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff229"><institution content-type="department">CISS</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca. Mexico</institution></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ho, Hung Chak" sort="Ho, Hung Chak" uniqKey="Ho H" first="Hung Chak" last="Ho">Hung Chak Ho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff230"><institution content-type="department">Department of Urban Planning and Design</institution>,<institution>University of Hong Kong</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hong Kong</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoang, Chi Linh" sort="Hoang, Chi Linh" uniqKey="Hoang C" first="Chi Linh" last="Hoang">Chi Linh Hoang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff231"><institution content-type="department">Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine</institution>,<institution>Nguyen Tat Thanh University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ho Chi Minh City</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hole, Michael K" sort="Hole, Michael K" uniqKey="Hole M" first="Michael K" last="Hole">Michael K. Hole</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff232"><institution>Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, University of Texas Austin</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Austin, TX, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holla, Ramesh" sort="Holla, Ramesh" uniqKey="Holla R" first="Ramesh" last="Holla">Ramesh Holla</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff233"><institution>Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Manipal</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hossain, Naznin" sort="Hossain, Naznin" uniqKey="Hossain N" first="Naznin" last="Hossain">Naznin Hossain</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff234"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics</institution>,<institution>Dhaka Medical College</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dhaka</addr-line>,<country>Bangladesh</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff235"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacology</institution>,<institution>Bangladesh Industrial Gases Limited</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tangail</addr-line>,<country>Bangladesh</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi" sort="Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi" uniqKey="Hosseinzadeh M" first="Mehdi" last="Hosseinzadeh">Mehdi Hosseinzadeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff236"><institution content-type="department">Department of Computer Engineering</institution>,<institution>Islamic Azad University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff237"><institution>Computer Science Department, University of Human Development</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sulaymaniyah</addr-line>,<country>Iraq</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hostiuc, Sorin" sort="Hostiuc, Sorin" uniqKey="Hostiuc S" first="Sorin" last="Hostiuc">Sorin Hostiuc</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff238"><institution content-type="department">Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics</institution>,<institution>Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff239"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Legal Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Guoqing" sort="Hu, Guoqing" uniqKey="Hu G" first="Guoqing" last="Hu">Guoqing Hu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff240"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics</institution>,<institution>Central South University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Changsha</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel" sort="Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel" uniqKey="Ibitoye S" first="Segun Emmanuel" last="Ibitoye">Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff241"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Promotion and Education</institution>,<institution>University of Ibadan</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ibadan</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen" sort="Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen" uniqKey="Ilesanmi O" first="Olayinka Stephen" last="Ilesanmi">Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff242"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Ibadan</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ibadan</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja" sort="Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja" uniqKey="Inbaraj L" first="Leeberk Raja" last="Inbaraj">Leeberk Raja Inbaraj</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff243"><institution content-type="department">Department of Family Medicine</institution>,<institution>Bangalore Baptist Hospital, Bangalore</institution>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naghibi Irvani, Seyed Sina" sort="Naghibi Irvani, Seyed Sina" uniqKey="Naghibi Irvani S" first="Seyed Sina" last="Naghibi Irvani">Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff244"><institution>Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mofizul Islam, M" sort="Mofizul Islam, M" uniqKey="Mofizul Islam M" first="M" last="Mofizul Islam">M. Mofizul Islam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff245"><institution content-type="department">School of Psychology and Public Health</institution>,<institution>La Trobe University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bundoora, Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed" sort="Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed" uniqKey="Shariful Islam S" first="Sheikh Mohammed" last="Shariful Islam">Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff246"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition</institution>,<institution>Deakin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Burwood</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff247"><institution content-type="department">Sydney Medical School</institution>,<institution>University of Sydney</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ivers, Rebecca Q" sort="Ivers, Rebecca Q" uniqKey="Ivers R" first="Rebecca Q" last="Ivers">Rebecca Q. Ivers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff248"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health and Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of New South Wales</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jahani, Mohammad Ali" sort="Jahani, Mohammad Ali" uniqKey="Jahani M" first="Mohammad Ali" last="Jahani">Mohammad Ali Jahani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff249"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Babol University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Babol</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jakovljevic, Mihajlo" sort="Jakovljevic, Mihajlo" uniqKey="Jakovljevic M" first="Mihajlo" last="Jakovljevic">Mihajlo Jakovljevic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff250"><institution content-type="department">Department for Health Care and Public Health</institution>,<institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jalilian, Farzad" sort="Jalilian, Farzad" uniqKey="Jalilian F" first="Farzad" last="Jalilian">Farzad Jalilian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff251"><institution content-type="department">Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jayaraman, Sudha" sort="Jayaraman, Sudha" uniqKey="Jayaraman S" first="Sudha" last="Jayaraman">Sudha Jayaraman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff252"><institution content-type="department">Department of Surgery</institution>,<institution>Virginia Commonwealth University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Richmond</addr-line>,<country>VA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra" sort="Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra" uniqKey="Jayatilleke A" first="Achala Upendra" last="Jayatilleke">Achala Upendra Jayatilleke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff253"><institution>Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Colombo</addr-line>,<country>Sri Lanka</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff254"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Graduate Studies</institution>,<institution>University of Colombo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Colombo</addr-line>,<country>Sri Lanka</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jha, Ravi Prakash" sort="Jha, Ravi Prakash" uniqKey="Jha R" first="Ravi Prakash" last="Jha">Ravi Prakash Jha</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff255"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Banaras Hindu University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Varanasi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="John Akinola, Yetunde O" sort="John Akinola, Yetunde O" uniqKey="John Akinola Y" first="Yetunde O" last="John-Akinola">Yetunde O. John-Akinola</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff256"><institution content-type="department">Health Promotion and Education</institution>,<institution>University of Ibadan</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ibadan</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jonas, Jost B" sort="Jonas, Jost B" uniqKey="Jonas J" first="Jost B" last="Jonas">Jost B. Jonas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff257"><institution content-type="department">Department of Ophthalmology</institution>,<institution>Heidelberg University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mannheim</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff258"><institution content-type="department">Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory</institution>,<institution>Beijing Tongren Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Beijing</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, Kelly M" sort="Jones, Kelly M" uniqKey="Jones K" first="Kelly M" last="Jones">Kelly M. Jones</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff259"><institution>Auckland University of Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Auckland</addr-line>,<country>New Zealand</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Joseph, Nitin" sort="Joseph, Nitin" uniqKey="Joseph N" first="Nitin" last="Joseph">Nitin Joseph</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff260"><institution content-type="department">Community Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>Manipal Academy of Higher Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mangalore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Joukar, Farahnaz" sort="Joukar, Farahnaz" uniqKey="Joukar F" first="Farahnaz" last="Joukar">Farahnaz Joukar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff220"><institution content-type="department">Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center</institution>,<institution>Guilan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rasht</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy" sort="Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy" uniqKey="Jozwiak J" first="Jacek Jerzy" last="Jozwiak">Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff261"><institution content-type="department">Department of Family Medicine and Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Opole</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Opole</addr-line>,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jungari, Suresh Banayya" sort="Jungari, Suresh Banayya" uniqKey="Jungari S" first="Suresh Banayya" last="Jungari">Suresh Banayya Jungari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff262"><institution content-type="department">School of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Savitribai Phule Pune University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Pune</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jurisson, Mikk" sort="Jurisson, Mikk" uniqKey="Jurisson M" first="Mikk" last="Jürisson">Mikk Jürisson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff263"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Tartu</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tartu</addr-line>,<country>Estonia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kabir, Ali" sort="Kabir, Ali" uniqKey="Kabir A" first="Ali" last="Kabir">Ali Kabir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff264"><institution content-type="department">Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kahsay, Amaha" sort="Kahsay, Amaha" uniqKey="Kahsay A" first="Amaha" last="Kahsay">Amaha Kahsay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff87"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nutrition and Dietetics</institution>,<institution>Mekelle University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mekelle</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kalankesh, Leila R" sort="Kalankesh, Leila R" uniqKey="Kalankesh L" first="Leila R" last="Kalankesh">Leila R. Kalankesh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff265"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medical Informatics</institution>,<institution>Tabriz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tabriz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kalhor, Rohollah" sort="Kalhor, Rohollah" uniqKey="Kalhor R" first="Rohollah" last="Kalhor">Rohollah Kalhor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff266"><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Qazvin</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff267"><institution content-type="department">Health Services Management Department</institution>,<institution>Qazvin University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Qazvin</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kamil, Teshome Abegaz" sort="Kamil, Teshome Abegaz" uniqKey="Kamil T" first="Teshome Abegaz" last="Kamil">Teshome Abegaz Kamil</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff268"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Department of Health informatics and Health Innovation, A.C.S. Medical College and Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mekelle</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kanchan, Tanuj" sort="Kanchan, Tanuj" uniqKey="Kanchan T" first="Tanuj" last="Kanchan">Tanuj Kanchan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff269"><institution content-type="department">Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology</institution>,<institution>All India Institute of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jodhpur</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kapoor, Neeti" sort="Kapoor, Neeti" uniqKey="Kapoor N" first="Neeti" last="Kapoor">Neeti Kapoor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff61"><institution content-type="department">Department of Forensic Science</institution>,<institution>Government Institute of Forensic Science</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Nagpur</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karami, Manoochehr" sort="Karami, Manoochehr" uniqKey="Karami M" first="Manoochehr" last="Karami">Manoochehr Karami</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff270"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Hamadan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamadan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kasaeian, Amir" sort="Kasaeian, Amir" uniqKey="Kasaeian A" first="Amir" last="Kasaeian">Amir Kasaeian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff271"><institution content-type="department">Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff272"><institution content-type="department">Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kassaye, Hagazi Gebremedhin" sort="Kassaye, Hagazi Gebremedhin" uniqKey="Kassaye H" first="Hagazi Gebremedhin" last="Kassaye">Hagazi Gebremedhin Kassaye</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff23"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacy</institution>,<institution>Adigrat University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Adigrat</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kavetskyy, Taras" sort="Kavetskyy, Taras" uniqKey="Kavetskyy T" first="Taras" last="Kavetskyy">Taras Kavetskyy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff273"><institution>Department of Applied Physics, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin Voivodeship</institution>,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff274"><institution content-type="department">Department of Biology and Chemistry</institution>,<institution>Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Drohobych</addr-line>,<country>Ukraine</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kayode, Gbenga A" sort="Kayode, Gbenga A" uniqKey="Kayode G" first="Gbenga A" last="Kayode">Gbenga A. Kayode</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff275"><institution content-type="department">International Research Center of Excellence</institution>,<institution>Institute of Human Virology Nigeria</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Abuja</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff276"><institution content-type="department">Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care</institution>,<institution>Utrecht University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Utrecht</addr-line>,<country>Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Keiyoro, Peter Njenga" sort="Keiyoro, Peter Njenga" uniqKey="Keiyoro P" first="Peter Njenga" last="Keiyoro">Peter Njenga Keiyoro</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff277"><institution content-type="department">Open</institution>,<institution>Distance and eLearning Campus, University of Nairobi</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Nairobi</addr-line>,<country>Kenya</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kelbore, Abraham Getachew" sort="Kelbore, Abraham Getachew" uniqKey="Kelbore A" first="Abraham Getachew" last="Kelbore">Abraham Getachew Kelbore</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff278"><institution>Department of Dermatology, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khader, Yousef Saleh" sort="Khader, Yousef Saleh" uniqKey="Khader Y" first="Yousef Saleh" last="Khader">Yousef Saleh Khader</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff279"><institution>Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Irbid</addr-line>,<country>Jordan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif" sort="Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif" uniqKey="Khafaie M" first="Morteza Abdullatif" last="Khafaie">Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff280"><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ahvaz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khalid, Nauman" sort="Khalid, Nauman" uniqKey="Khalid N" first="Nauman" last="Khalid">Nauman Khalid</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff281"><institution content-type="department">School of Food and Agricultural Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Management and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lahore</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khalil, Ibrahim A" sort="Khalil, Ibrahim A" uniqKey="Khalil I" first="Ibrahim A" last="Khalil">Ibrahim A. Khalil</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff282"><institution content-type="department">Department of Global Health</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khalilov, Rovshan" sort="Khalilov, Rovshan" uniqKey="Khalilov R" first="Rovshan" last="Khalilov">Rovshan Khalilov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff283"><institution content-type="department">Department of Physiology</institution>,<institution>Baku State University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Baku</addr-line>,<country>Azerbaijan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khan, Maseer" sort="Khan, Maseer" uniqKey="Khan M" first="Maseer" last="Khan">Maseer Khan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff284"><institution content-type="department">Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Faculty of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jazan</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khan, Ejaz Ahmad" sort="Khan, Ejaz Ahmad" uniqKey="Khan E" first="Ejaz Ahmad" last="Khan">Ejaz Ahmad Khan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff285"><institution content-type="department">Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department</institution>,<institution>Health Services Academy</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Islamabad</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khan, Junaid" sort="Khan, Junaid" uniqKey="Khan J" first="Junaid" last="Khan">Junaid Khan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff286"><institution content-type="department">Department of Population Studies</institution>,<institution>International Institute for Population Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mumbai</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khanna, Tripti" sort="Khanna, Tripti" uniqKey="Khanna T" first="Tripti" last="Khanna">Tripti Khanna</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff287"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Research</institution>,<institution>Indian Council of Medical Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff288"><institution content-type="department">Centre for Ethics</institution>,<institution>Jawahar Lal Nehru University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khazaei, Salman" sort="Khazaei, Salman" uniqKey="Khazaei S" first="Salman" last="Khazaei">Salman Khazaei</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff270"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Hamadan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamadan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khazaie, Habibolah" sort="Khazaie, Habibolah" uniqKey="Khazaie H" first="Habibolah" last="Khazaie">Habibolah Khazaie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff289"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khundkar, Roba" sort="Khundkar, Roba" uniqKey="Khundkar R" first="Roba" last="Khundkar">Roba Khundkar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff290"><institution content-type="department">Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences</institution>,<institution>Oxford University Global Surgery Group, University of Oxford</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Oxford</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kiirithio, Daniel N" sort="Kiirithio, Daniel N" uniqKey="Kiirithio D" first="Daniel N" last="Kiirithio">Daniel N. Kiirithio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff291"><institution content-type="department">Research and Data Solutions</institution>,<institution>Synotech Consultant</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Nairobi</addr-line>,<country>Kenya</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Young Eun" sort="Kim, Young Eun" uniqKey="Kim Y" first="Young-Eun" last="Kim">Young-Eun Kim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff292"><institution content-type="department">Department of Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Korea University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seoul</addr-line>,<country>South Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Yun Jin" sort="Kim, Yun Jin" uniqKey="Kim Y" first="Yun Jin" last="Kim">Yun Jin Kim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff293"><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Xiamen University Malaysia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sepang</addr-line>,<country>Malaysia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Daniel" sort="Kim, Daniel" uniqKey="Kim D" first="Daniel" last="Kim">Daniel Kim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff294"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Northeastern University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kisa, Sezer" sort="Kisa, Sezer" uniqKey="Kisa S" first="Sezer" last="Kisa">Sezer Kisa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff295"><institution>Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Oslo, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kisa, Adnan" sort="Kisa, Adnan" uniqKey="Kisa A" first="Adnan" last="Kisa">Adnan Kisa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff296"><institution>School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Oslo, Norway</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Komaki, Hamidreza" sort="Komaki, Hamidreza" uniqKey="Komaki H" first="Hamidreza" last="Komaki">Hamidreza Komaki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff297"><institution content-type="department">Neurophysiology Research Center</institution>,<institution>Hamadan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamadan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff298"><institution content-type="department">Brain Engineering Research Center</institution>,<institution>Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kondlahalli, Shivakumar K M" sort="Kondlahalli, Shivakumar K M" uniqKey="Kondlahalli S" first="Shivakumar K M" last="Kondlahalli">Shivakumar K M. Kondlahalli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff299"><institution content-type="department">Public Health Dentistry Department</institution>,<institution>Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed to be University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Karad</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koolivand, Ali" sort="Koolivand, Ali" uniqKey="Koolivand A" first="Ali" last="Koolivand">Ali Koolivand</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff300"><institution content-type="department">Environmental Health Engineering</institution>,<institution>Arak University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Arak</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich" sort="Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich" uniqKey="Korshunov V" first="Vladimir Andreevich" last="Korshunov">Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff106"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine</institution>,<institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koyanagi, Ai" sort="Koyanagi, Ai" uniqKey="Koyanagi A" first="Ai" last="Koyanagi">Ai Koyanagi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff301"><institution content-type="department">CIBERSAM</institution>,<institution>San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sant Boi de Llobregat</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff302"><institution>Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Barcelona</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kraemer, Moritz U G" sort="Kraemer, Moritz U G" uniqKey="Kraemer M" first="Moritz U G" last="Kraemer">Moritz U G. Kraemer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff303"><institution content-type="department">Department of Zoology</institution>,<institution>University of Oxford</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Oxford</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff304"><institution>Harvard Medical School, Harvard University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krishan, Kewal" sort="Krishan, Kewal" uniqKey="Krishan K" first="Kewal" last="Krishan">Kewal Krishan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff305"><institution content-type="department">Department of Anthropology</institution>,<institution>Panjab University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Chandigarh</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Defo, Barthelemy Kuate" sort="Defo, Barthelemy Kuate" uniqKey="Defo B" first="Barthelemy Kuate" last="Defo">Barthelemy Kuate Defo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff306"><institution content-type="department">Department of Demography</institution>,<institution>University of Montreal</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Montreal</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Quebec</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff307"><institution content-type="department">Department of Social and Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Montreal</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Montreal</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Quebec</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bicer, Burcu Kucuk" sort="Bicer, Burcu Kucuk" uniqKey="Bicer B" first="Burcu Kucuk" last="Bicer">Burcu Kucuk Bicer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff308"><institution>Department of Public Health, Yuksek Ihtisas University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ankara</addr-line>,<country>Turkey</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff309"><institution>Department of Public Health, Hacettepe University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ankara</addr-line>,<country>Turkey</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kugbey, Nuworza" sort="Kugbey, Nuworza" uniqKey="Kugbey N" first="Nuworza" last="Kugbey">Nuworza Kugbey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff310"><institution content-type="department">Department of Family and Community Health</institution>,<institution>University of Health and Allied Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ho</addr-line>,<country>Ghana</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff311"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychology and Health Promotion</institution>,<institution>University of KwaZulu-Natal</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Durban</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, Nithin" sort="Kumar, Nithin" uniqKey="Kumar N" first="Nithin" last="Kumar">Nithin Kumar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff312"><institution content-type="department">Community Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mangalore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, Manasi" sort="Kumar, Manasi" uniqKey="Kumar M" first="Manasi" last="Kumar">Manasi Kumar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff313"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>University of Nairobi</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Nairobi</addr-line>,<country>Kenya</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff314"><institution content-type="department">Division of Psychology and Language Sciences</institution>,<institution>University College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, Vivek" sort="Kumar, Vivek" uniqKey="Kumar V" first="Vivek" last="Kumar">Vivek Kumar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff315"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital</institution>,<institution>Harvard University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, Narinder" sort="Kumar, Narinder" uniqKey="Kumar N" first="Narinder" last="Kumar">Narinder Kumar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff316"><institution content-type="department">Orthopaedics Department</institution>,<institution>Base Hospital Lucknow Cantt</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lucknow</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumaresh, Girikumar" sort="Kumaresh, Girikumar" uniqKey="Kumaresh G" first="Girikumar" last="Kumaresh">Girikumar Kumaresh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff317"><institution content-type="department">Mechanical and Industrial Engineering</institution>,<institution>Indian Institute of Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Roorkee</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lami, Faris Hasan" sort="Lami, Faris Hasan" uniqKey="Lami F" first="Faris Hasan" last="Lami">Faris Hasan Lami</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff318"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community and Family Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Baghdad</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Baghdad</addr-line>,<country>Iraq</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lansingh, Van C" sort="Lansingh, Van C" uniqKey="Lansingh V" first="Van C" last="Lansingh">Van C. Lansingh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff319"><institution>HelpMeSee</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New York, NY, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff320"><institution>International Relations, Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology, Queretaro</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mexico</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lasrado, Savita" sort="Lasrado, Savita" uniqKey="Lasrado S" first="Savita" last="Lasrado">Savita Lasrado</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff321"><institution content-type="department">Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT)</institution>,<institution>Father Muller Medical College</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mangalore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Latifi, Arman" sort="Latifi, Arman" uniqKey="Latifi A" first="Arman" last="Latifi">Arman Latifi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff322"><institution>Department of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Maragheh</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lauriola, Paolo" sort="Lauriola, Paolo" uniqKey="Lauriola P" first="Paolo" last="Lauriola">Paolo Lauriola</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff323"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Clinical Physiology</institution>,<institution>National Research Council</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Pisa</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vecchia, Carlo La" sort="Vecchia, Carlo La" uniqKey="Vecchia C" first="Carlo La" last="Vecchia">Carlo La Vecchia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff324"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Medicine and Community Health</institution>,<institution>University of Milan</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Milano</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leasher, Janet L" sort="Leasher, Janet L" uniqKey="Leasher J" first="Janet L" last="Leasher">Janet L. Leasher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff325"><institution content-type="department">College of Optometry</institution>,<institution>Nova Southeastern University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huey Lee, Shaun Wen" sort="Huey Lee, Shaun Wen" uniqKey="Huey Lee S" first="Shaun Wen" last="Huey Lee">Shaun Wen Huey Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff326"><institution content-type="department">School of Pharmacy</institution>,<institution>Monash University, Bandar Sunway</institution>,<country>Malaysia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff327"><institution content-type="department">School of Pharmacy</institution>,<institution>Taylor’s University Lakeside Campus</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Subang Jaya</addr-line>,<country>Malaysia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Shanshan" sort="Li, Shanshan" uniqKey="Li S" first="Shanshan" last="Li">Shanshan Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff136"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Monash University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Xuefeng" sort="Liu, Xuefeng" uniqKey="Liu X" first="Xuefeng" last="Liu">Xuefeng Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff328"><institution>Department of Systems, Populations and Leadership, University of Michigan</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ann Arbor, MI, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lopez, Alan D" sort="Lopez, Alan D" uniqKey="Lopez A" first="Alan D" last="Lopez">Alan D. Lopez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff102"><institution content-type="department">School of Population and Global Health</institution>,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff329"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lotufo, Paulo A" sort="Lotufo, Paulo A" uniqKey="Lotufo P" first="Paulo A" last="Lotufo">Paulo A. Lotufo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff330"><institution>Department of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo</institution>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lyons, Ronan A" sort="Lyons, Ronan A" uniqKey="Lyons R" first="Ronan A" last="Lyons">Ronan A. Lyons</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff331"><institution content-type="department">Health Data Research UK</institution>,<institution>Swansea University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Swansea</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Machado, Daiane Borges" sort="Machado, Daiane Borges" uniqKey="Machado D" first="Daiane Borges" last="Machado">Daiane Borges Machado</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff332"><institution content-type="department">Center for Integration of Data and Health Knowledge</institution>,<institution>FIOCRUZ: Cidacs Center for Integration of Data and Health Knowledge</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Salvador</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff333"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health</institution>,<institution>London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">England</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Madadin, Mohammed" sort="Madadin, Mohammed" uniqKey="Madadin M" first="Mohammed" last="Madadin">Mohammed Madadin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff334"><institution content-type="department">Pathology Department</institution>,<institution>College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dammam</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy" sort="Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy" uniqKey="Abd El Razek M" first="Muhammed Magdy" last="Abd El Razek">Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff335"><institution content-type="department">Ophthalmology Department</institution>,<institution>Aswan Faculty of Medicine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Aswan</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur" sort="Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur" uniqKey="Mahotra N" first="Narayan Bahadur" last="Mahotra">Narayan Bahadur Mahotra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff336"><institution>Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kathmandu</addr-line>,<country>Nepal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Majdan, Marek" sort="Majdan, Marek" uniqKey="Majdan M" first="Marek" last="Majdan">Marek Majdan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff337"><institution>Department of Public Health, Trnava University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Trnava</addr-line>,<country>Slovakia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Majeed, Azeem" sort="Majeed, Azeem" uniqKey="Majeed A" first="Azeem" last="Majeed">Azeem Majeed</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff338"><institution content-type="department">Department of Primary Care and Public Health</institution>,<institution>Imperial College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maled, Venkatesh" sort="Maled, Venkatesh" uniqKey="Maled V" first="Venkatesh" last="Maled">Venkatesh Maled</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff339"><institution content-type="department">Health Education and Research Department</institution>,<institution>SDM College of Medical Sciences & Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dharwad</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff340"><institution content-type="department">Health University</institution>,<institution>Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore</institution>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malta, Deborah Carvalho" sort="Malta, Deborah Carvalho" uniqKey="Malta D" first="Deborah Carvalho" last="Malta">Deborah Carvalho Malta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff341"><institution content-type="department">Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health</institution>,<institution>Federal University of Minas Gerais</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manafi, Navid" sort="Manafi, Navid" uniqKey="Manafi N" first="Navid" last="Manafi">Navid Manafi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff342"><institution content-type="department">Ophthalmology Department</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff343"><institution content-type="department">Ophthalmology Department</institution>,<institution>University of Manitoba</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Winnipeg</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Manitoba</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manafi, Amir" sort="Manafi, Amir" uniqKey="Manafi A" first="Amir" last="Manafi">Amir Manafi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff344"><institution content-type="department">Department of Surgery</institution>,<institution>University of Virginia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Charlottesville</addr-line>,<country>VA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manda, Ana Laura" sort="Manda, Ana Laura" uniqKey="Manda A" first="Ana-Laura" last="Manda">Ana-Laura Manda</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff345"><institution content-type="department">Surgery Department</institution>,<institution>Emergency University Hospital Bucharest</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manjunatha, Narayana" sort="Manjunatha, Narayana" uniqKey="Manjunatha N" first="Narayana" last="Manjunatha">Narayana Manjunatha</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff346"><institution content-type="department">Psychiatry Department</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bengaluru</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mansour Ghanaei, Fariborz" sort="Mansour Ghanaei, Fariborz" uniqKey="Mansour Ghanaei F" first="Fariborz" last="Mansour-Ghanaei">Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff220"><institution content-type="department">Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center</institution>,<institution>Guilan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rasht</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mansournia, Mohammad Ali" sort="Mansournia, Mohammad Ali" uniqKey="Mansournia M" first="Mohammad Ali" last="Mansournia">Mohammad Ali Mansournia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff347"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maravilla, Joemer C" sort="Maravilla, Joemer C" uniqKey="Maravilla J" first="Joemer C" last="Maravilla">Joemer C. Maravilla</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff348"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Social Science Research</institution>,<institution>The University of Queensland</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Brisbane</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Queensland</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mason Jones, Amanda J" sort="Mason Jones, Amanda J" uniqKey="Mason Jones A" first="Amanda J" last="Mason-Jones">Amanda J. Mason-Jones</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff349"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of York</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">York</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra" sort="Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra" uniqKey="Masoumi S" first="Seyedeh Zahra" last="Masoumi">Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff350"><institution content-type="department">Department of Midwifery-Reproductive Health</institution>,<institution>Hamadan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamadan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard" sort="Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard" uniqKey="Massenburg B" first="Benjamin Ballard" last="Massenburg">Benjamin Ballard Massenburg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff130"><institution content-type="department">Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maulik, Pallab K" sort="Maulik, Pallab K" uniqKey="Maulik P" first="Pallab K" last="Maulik">Pallab K. Maulik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff351"><institution content-type="department">Research Department</institution>,<institution>The George Institute for Global Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff352"><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of New South Wales</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mehndiratta, Man Mohan" sort="Mehndiratta, Man Mohan" uniqKey="Mehndiratta M" first="Man Mohan" last="Mehndiratta">Man Mohan Mehndiratta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff353"><institution content-type="department">Neurology Department</institution>,<institution>Janakpuri Super Specialty Hospital Society</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff354"><institution content-type="department">Department of Neurology</institution>,<institution>Govind Ballabh Institute of Medical Education and Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melketsedik, Zeleke Aschalew" sort="Melketsedik, Zeleke Aschalew" uniqKey="Melketsedik Z" first="Zeleke Aschalew" last="Melketsedik">Zeleke Aschalew Melketsedik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff194"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing</institution>,<institution>Arba Minch University, Arba Minch</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Memiah, Peter T N" sort="Memiah, Peter T N" uniqKey="Memiah P" first="Peter T N" last="Memiah">Peter T N. Memiah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff355"><institution content-type="department">Division of Epidemiology and Prevention</institution>,<institution>Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Baltimore</addr-line>,<country>MD, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mendoza, Walter" sort="Mendoza, Walter" uniqKey="Mendoza W" first="Walter" last="Mendoza">Walter Mendoza</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff356"><institution>Peru Country Office, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lima, Peru</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Menezes, Ritesh G" sort="Menezes, Ritesh G" uniqKey="Menezes R" first="Ritesh G" last="Menezes">Ritesh G. Menezes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff357"><institution content-type="department">Forensic Medicine Division</institution>,<institution>Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dammam</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mengesha, Melkamu Merid" sort="Mengesha, Melkamu Merid" uniqKey="Mengesha M" first="Melkamu Merid" last="Mengesha">Melkamu Merid Mengesha</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff358"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Haramaya University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Harar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meretoja, Tuomo J" sort="Meretoja, Tuomo J" uniqKey="Meretoja T" first="Tuomo J" last="Meretoja">Tuomo J. Meretoja</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff359"><institution content-type="department">Breast Surgery Unit</institution>,<institution>Helsinki University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Helsinki</addr-line>,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff360"><institution>University of Helsinki</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Helsinki</addr-line>,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meretoja, Atte" sort="Meretoja, Atte" uniqKey="Meretoja A" first="Atte" last="Meretoja">Atte Meretoja</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff361"><institution content-type="department">Neurocenter</institution>,<institution>Helsinki University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Helsinki</addr-line>,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff362"><institution content-type="department">School of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Parkville</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Merie, Hayimro Edemealem" sort="Merie, Hayimro Edemealem" uniqKey="Merie H" first="Hayimro Edemealem" last="Merie">Hayimro Edemealem Merie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff363"><institution content-type="department">Statistics Department</institution>,<institution>Debre Markos University, Debre Markos</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mestrovic, Tomislav" sort="Mestrovic, Tomislav" uniqKey="Mestrovic T" first="Tomislav" last="Mestrovic">Tomislav Mestrovic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff364"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit</institution>,<institution>Zora Profozic Polyclinic</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Zagreb</addr-line>,<country>Croatia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff365"><institution content-type="department">University Centre Varazdin</institution>,<institution>University North</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Varazdin</addr-line>,<country>Croatia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miazgowski, Bartosz" sort="Miazgowski, Bartosz" uniqKey="Miazgowski B" first="Bartosz" last="Miazgowski">Bartosz Miazgowski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff366"><institution content-type="department">Center for Innovation in Medical Education</institution>,<institution>Pomeranian Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Szczecin</addr-line>,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff367"><institution>Pomeranian Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Szczecin</addr-line>,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miazgowski, Tomasz" sort="Miazgowski, Tomasz" uniqKey="Miazgowski T" first="Tomasz" last="Miazgowski">Tomasz Miazgowski</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff368"><institution content-type="department">Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases & Arterial Hypertension</institution>,<institution>Pomeranian Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Szczecin</addr-line>,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miller, Ted R" sort="Miller, Ted R" uniqKey="Miller T" first="Ted R" last="Miller">Ted R. Miller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff56"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Curtin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Perth</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Western Australia</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff369"><institution>Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Calverton</addr-line>,<country>MD, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mini, G K" sort="Mini, G K" uniqKey="Mini G" first="G K" last="Mini">G K Mini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff370"><institution content-type="department">Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies</institution>,<institution>Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Trivandrum</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff371"><institution content-type="department">Global Institute of Public Health (GIPH)</institution>,<institution>Ananthapuri Hospitals and Research Centre</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Trivandrum</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mirica, Andreea" sort="Mirica, Andreea" uniqKey="Mirica A" first="Andreea" last="Mirica">Andreea Mirica</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff372"><institution content-type="department">Department of Statistics and Econometrics</institution>,<institution>Bucharest University of Economic Studies</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff373"><institution content-type="department">President’s Office</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Statistics</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mirrakhimov, Erkin M" sort="Mirrakhimov, Erkin M" uniqKey="Mirrakhimov E" first="Erkin M" last="Mirrakhimov">Erkin M. Mirrakhimov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff374"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Internal Medicine</institution>,<institution>Kyrgyz State Medical Academy</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bishkek</addr-line>,<country>Kyrgyzstan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff375"><institution content-type="department">Department of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease</institution>,<institution>National Center of Cardiology and Internal Disease</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bishkek</addr-line>,<country>Kyrgyzstan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mirzaei Alavijeh, Mehdi" sort="Mirzaei Alavijeh, Mehdi" uniqKey="Mirzaei Alavijeh M" first="Mehdi" last="Mirzaei-Alavijeh">Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff251"><institution content-type="department">Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mithra, Prasanna" sort="Mithra, Prasanna" uniqKey="Mithra P" first="Prasanna" last="Mithra">Prasanna Mithra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff260"><institution content-type="department">Community Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>Manipal Academy of Higher Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mangalore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moazen, Babak" sort="Moazen, Babak" uniqKey="Moazen B" first="Babak" last="Moazen">Babak Moazen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff376"><institution content-type="department">Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH)</institution>,<institution>Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Heidelberg</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff377"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Addiction Research (ISFF)</institution>,<institution>Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Frankfurt</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moghadaszadeh, Masoud" sort="Moghadaszadeh, Masoud" uniqKey="Moghadaszadeh M" first="Masoud" last="Moghadaszadeh">Masoud Moghadaszadeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff378"><institution>Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tabriz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff379"><institution content-type="department">Molecular Medicine Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tabriz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tabriz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohamadi, Efat" sort="Mohamadi, Efat" uniqKey="Mohamadi E" first="Efat" last="Mohamadi">Efat Mohamadi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff380"><institution content-type="department">Health Equity Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohammad, Yousef" sort="Mohammad, Yousef" uniqKey="Mohammad Y" first="Yousef" last="Mohammad">Yousef Mohammad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff381"><institution content-type="department">Internal Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>King Saud University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Darwesh, Aso Mohammad" sort="Darwesh, Aso Mohammad" uniqKey="Darwesh A" first="Aso Mohammad" last="Darwesh">Aso Mohammad Darwesh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff382"><institution content-type="department">Department of Information Technology</institution>,<institution>University of Human Development</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sulaymaniyah</addr-line>,<country>Iraq</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohammadian Hafshejani, Abdollah" sort="Mohammadian Hafshejani, Abdollah" uniqKey="Mohammadian Hafshejani A" first="Abdollah" last="Mohammadian-Hafshejani">Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff383"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences</institution><addr-line content-type="city">Shahrekord</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohammadpourhodki, Reza" sort="Mohammadpourhodki, Reza" uniqKey="Mohammadpourhodki R" first="Reza" last="Mohammadpourhodki">Reza Mohammadpourhodki</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff384"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing</institution>,<institution>Shahroud University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Shahroud</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohammed, Shafiu" sort="Mohammed, Shafiu" uniqKey="Mohammed S" first="Shafiu" last="Mohammed">Shafiu Mohammed</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff75"><institution content-type="department">Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH)</institution>,<institution>Heidelberg University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Heidelberg</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff385"><institution content-type="department">Health Systems and Policy Research Unit</institution>,<institution>Ahmadu Bello University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Zaria</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohammed, Jemal Abdu" sort="Mohammed, Jemal Abdu" uniqKey="Mohammed J" first="Jemal Abdu" last="Mohammed">Jemal Abdu Mohammed</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff386"><institution>Department of Public Health, Samara University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Samara</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohebi, Farnam" sort="Mohebi, Farnam" uniqKey="Mohebi F" first="Farnam" last="Mohebi">Farnam Mohebi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff171"><institution content-type="department">Non-communicable Diseases Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff387"><institution content-type="department">Iran National Institute of Health Research</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohseni Bandpei, Mohammad A" sort="Mohseni Bandpei, Mohammad A" uniqKey="Mohseni Bandpei M" first="Mohammad A" last="Mohseni Bandpei">Mohammad A. Mohseni Bandpei</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff388"><institution content-type="department">Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center</institution>,<institution>University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Molokhia, Mariam" sort="Molokhia, Mariam" uniqKey="Molokhia M" first="Mariam" last="Molokhia">Mariam Molokhia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff389"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine</institution>,<institution>King’s College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Monasta, Lorenzo" sort="Monasta, Lorenzo" uniqKey="Monasta L" first="Lorenzo" last="Monasta">Lorenzo Monasta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff390"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit</institution>,<institution>Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Trieste</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moodley, Yoshan" sort="Moodley, Yoshan" uniqKey="Moodley Y" first="Yoshan" last="Moodley">Yoshan Moodley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff391"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of KwaZulu-Natal</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Durban</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moradi, Masoud" sort="Moradi, Masoud" uniqKey="Moradi M" first="Masoud" last="Moradi">Masoud Moradi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff392"><institution content-type="department">Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff393"><institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moradi, Ghobad" sort="Moradi, Ghobad" uniqKey="Moradi G" first="Ghobad" last="Moradi">Ghobad Moradi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff394"><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sanandaj</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff395"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sanandaj</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moradi Lakeh, Maziar" sort="Moradi Lakeh, Maziar" uniqKey="Moradi Lakeh M" first="Maziar" last="Moradi-Lakeh">Maziar Moradi-Lakeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff396"><institution content-type="department">Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah" sort="Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah" uniqKey="Moradzadeh R" first="Rahmatollah" last="Moradzadeh">Rahmatollah Moradzadeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff34"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Arak University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Arak</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morawska, Lidia" sort="Morawska, Lidia" uniqKey="Morawska L" first="Lidia" last="Morawska">Lidia Morawska</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff397"><institution content-type="department">International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health</institution>,<institution>Queensland University of Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Brisbane</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Queensland</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Velasquez, Ilais Moreno" sort="Velasquez, Ilais Moreno" uniqKey="Velasquez I" first="Ilais Moreno" last="Velásquez">Ilais Moreno Velásquez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff398"><institution>Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Panama City</addr-line>,<country>Panama</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morrison, Shane Douglas" sort="Morrison, Shane Douglas" uniqKey="Morrison S" first="Shane Douglas" last="Morrison">Shane Douglas Morrison</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff130"><institution content-type="department">Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mossie, Tilahun Belete" sort="Mossie, Tilahun Belete" uniqKey="Mossie T" first="Tilahun Belete" last="Mossie">Tilahun Belete Mossie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff399"><institution>Department of Psychiatry, Badhir Dar University</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muluneh, Atalay Goshu" sort="Muluneh, Atalay Goshu" uniqKey="Muluneh A" first="Atalay Goshu" last="Muluneh">Atalay Goshu Muluneh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff400"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>University of Gondar</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Gondar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Musa, Kamarul Imran" sort="Musa, Kamarul Imran" uniqKey="Musa K" first="Kamarul Imran" last="Musa">Kamarul Imran Musa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff401"><institution>School of Medical Sciences, Science University of Malaysia, Kubang Kerian</institution>,<country>Malaysia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mustafa, Ghulam" sort="Mustafa, Ghulam" uniqKey="Mustafa G" first="Ghulam" last="Mustafa">Ghulam Mustafa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff402"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pediatric Medicine</institution>,<institution>Nishtar Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Multan</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff403"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Pulmonology</institution>,<institution>Institute of Mother & Child Care</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Multan</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naderi, Mehdi" sort="Naderi, Mehdi" uniqKey="Naderi M" first="Mehdi" last="Naderi">Mehdi Naderi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff404"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Research Development Center</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman" sort="Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman" uniqKey="Nagarajan A" first="Ahamarshan Jayaraman" last="Nagarajan">Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff405"><institution content-type="department">Research and Analytics</institution>,<institution>Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Chennai</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff406"><institution content-type="department">Research and Analytics</institution>,<institution>Bioinsilico Technologies</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Chennai</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naik, Gurudatta" sort="Naik, Gurudatta" uniqKey="Naik G" first="Gurudatta" last="Naik">Gurudatta Naik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff407"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<country>AL, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naimzada, Mukhammad David" sort="Naimzada, Mukhammad David" uniqKey="Naimzada M" first="Mukhammad David" last="Naimzada">Mukhammad David Naimzada</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff408"><institution content-type="department">Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization</institution>,<institution>Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dolgoprudny</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff409"><institution content-type="department">Experimental Surgery and Oncology Laboratory</institution>,<institution>Kursk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kursk</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Najafi, Farid" sort="Najafi, Farid" uniqKey="Najafi F" first="Farid" last="Najafi">Farid Najafi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff410"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nangia, Vinay" sort="Nangia, Vinay" uniqKey="Nangia V" first="Vinay" last="Nangia">Vinay Nangia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff411"><institution>Suraj Eye Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Nagpur</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nascimento, Bruno Ramos" sort="Nascimento, Bruno Ramos" uniqKey="Nascimento B" first="Bruno Ramos" last="Nascimento">Bruno Ramos Nascimento</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff412"><institution content-type="department">Hospital of the Federal University of Minas Gerais</institution>,<institution>Federal University of Minas Gerais</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naserbakht, Morteza" sort="Naserbakht, Morteza" uniqKey="Naserbakht M" first="Morteza" last="Naserbakht">Morteza Naserbakht</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff413"><institution content-type="department">Mental Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>IUMS</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff414"><institution content-type="department">Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>IUMS</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nayak, Vinod" sort="Nayak, Vinod" uniqKey="Nayak V" first="Vinod" last="Nayak">Vinod Nayak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff415"><institution content-type="department">Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology</institution>,<institution>Manipal Academy of Higher Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Manipal</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nazari, Javad" sort="Nazari, Javad" uniqKey="Nazari J" first="Javad" last="Nazari">Javad Nazari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff416"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pediatrics</institution>,<institution>Arak University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Arak</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff417"><institution>Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith" sort="Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith" uniqKey="Ndwandwe D" first="Duduzile Edith" last="Ndwandwe">Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff418"><institution content-type="department">Cochrane South Africa</institution>,<institution>South African Medical Research Council</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Negoi, Ionut" sort="Negoi, Ionut" uniqKey="Negoi I" first="Ionut" last="Negoi">Ionut Negoi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff419"><institution content-type="department">Department of General Surgery</institution>,<institution>Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff420"><institution content-type="department">Department of General Surgery</institution>,<institution>Emergency Hospital of Bucharest</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ngunjiri, Josephine W" sort="Ngunjiri, Josephine W" uniqKey="Ngunjiri J" first="Josephine W" last="Ngunjiri">Josephine W. Ngunjiri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff421"><institution>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Embu</addr-line>,<country>Kenya</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Trang Huyen" sort="Nguyen, Trang Huyen" uniqKey="Nguyen T" first="Trang Huyen" last="Nguyen">Trang Huyen Nguyen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff231"><institution content-type="department">Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine</institution>,<institution>Nguyen Tat Thanh University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ho Chi Minh City</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Cuong Tat" sort="Nguyen, Cuong Tat" uniqKey="Nguyen C" first="Cuong Tat" last="Nguyen">Cuong Tat Nguyen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff422"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Global Health Innovations</institution>,<institution>Duy Tan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hanoi</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Diep Ngoc" sort="Nguyen, Diep Ngoc" uniqKey="Nguyen D" first="Diep Ngoc" last="Nguyen">Diep Ngoc Nguyen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff423"><institution content-type="department">Project of ADB</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Nutrition</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hanoi</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff424"><institution content-type="department">Industrial Management Department</institution>,<institution>Hanoi University of Science and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hanoi</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thi Nguyen, Huong Lan" sort="Thi Nguyen, Huong Lan" uniqKey="Thi Nguyen H" first="Huong Lan" last="Thi Nguyen">Huong Lan Thi Nguyen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff422"><institution content-type="department">Institute for Global Health Innovations</institution>,<institution>Duy Tan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hanoi</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nikbakhsh, Rajan" sort="Nikbakhsh, Rajan" uniqKey="Nikbakhsh R" first="Rajan" last="Nikbakhsh">Rajan Nikbakhsh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff425"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacology</institution>,<institution>Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff426"><institution>Heidelberg University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Heidelberg</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anggraini Ningrum, Dina Nur" sort="Anggraini Ningrum, Dina Nur" uniqKey="Anggraini Ningrum D" first="Dina Nur" last="Anggraini Ningrum">Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff427"><institution>Public Health Department, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Kota Semarang</institution>,<country>Indonesia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff428"><institution content-type="department">Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics</institution>,<institution>Taipei Medical University, Taipei City</institution>,<country>Taiwan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nnaji, Chukwudi A" sort="Nnaji, Chukwudi A" uniqKey="Nnaji C" first="Chukwudi A" last="Nnaji">Chukwudi A. Nnaji</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff418"><institution content-type="department">Cochrane South Africa</institution>,<institution>South African Medical Research Council</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff429"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health and Family Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Cape Town</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ofori Asenso, Richard" sort="Ofori Asenso, Richard" uniqKey="Ofori Asenso R" first="Richard" last="Ofori-Asenso">Richard Ofori-Asenso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff430"><institution content-type="department">Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics</institution>,<institution>Monash University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff431"><institution>Independent Consultant</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Accra</addr-line>,<country>Ghana</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ogbo, Felix Akpojene" sort="Ogbo, Felix Akpojene" uniqKey="Ogbo F" first="Felix Akpojene" last="Ogbo">Felix Akpojene Ogbo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff432"><institution content-type="department">UCIBIO</institution>,<institution>University of Porto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Porto</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oghenetega, Onome Bright" sort="Oghenetega, Onome Bright" uniqKey="Oghenetega O" first="Onome Bright" last="Oghenetega">Onome Bright Oghenetega</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff433"><institution content-type="department">Reproductive Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ibadan</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ibadan</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oh, In Hwan" sort="Oh, In Hwan" uniqKey="Oh I" first="In-Hwan" last="Oh">In-Hwan Oh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff434"><institution content-type="department">Department of Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Kyung Hee University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dongdaemun-gu</addr-line>,<country>South Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olagunju, Andrew T" sort="Olagunju, Andrew T" uniqKey="Olagunju A" first="Andrew T" last="Olagunju">Andrew T. Olagunju</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff435"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences</institution>,<institution>McMaster University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamilton</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff436"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>University of Lagos</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lagos</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olagunju, Tinuke O" sort="Olagunju, Tinuke O" uniqKey="Olagunju T" first="Tinuke O" last="Olagunju">Tinuke O. Olagunju</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff437"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine</institution>,<institution>McMaster University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamilton</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bali, Ahmed Omar" sort="Bali, Ahmed Omar" uniqKey="Bali A" first="Ahmed Omar" last="Bali">Ahmed Omar Bali</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff438"><institution content-type="department">Diplomacy and Public Relations Department</institution>,<institution>University of Human Development</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sulaimaniyah</addr-line>,<country>Iraq</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Onwujekwe, Obinna E" sort="Onwujekwe, Obinna E" uniqKey="Onwujekwe O" first="Obinna E" last="Onwujekwe">Obinna E. Onwujekwe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff439"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics</institution>,<institution>University of Nigeria Nsukka</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Enugu</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Orpana, Heather M" sort="Orpana, Heather M" uniqKey="Orpana H" first="Heather M" last="Orpana">Heather M. Orpana</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff440"><institution content-type="department">Applied Research Division</institution>,<institution>Public Health Agency of Canada</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff441"><institution content-type="department">School of Psychology</institution>,<institution>University of Ottawa</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ota, Erika" sort="Ota, Erika" uniqKey="Ota E" first="Erika" last="Ota">Erika Ota</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff442"><institution content-type="department">Department of Global Health Nursing</institution>,<institution>St. Luke’s International University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Chuo-ku</addr-line>,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Otstavnov, Nikita" sort="Otstavnov, Nikita" uniqKey="Otstavnov N" first="Nikita" last="Otstavnov">Nikita Otstavnov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff408"><institution content-type="department">Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization</institution>,<institution>Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dolgoprudny</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff443"><institution content-type="department">Academic Department</institution>,<institution>Unium Ltd</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Otstavnov, Stanislav S" sort="Otstavnov, Stanislav S" uniqKey="Otstavnov S" first="Stanislav S" last="Otstavnov">Stanislav S. Otstavnov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff408"><institution content-type="department">Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization</institution>,<institution>Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dolgoprudny</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff444"><institution content-type="department">Department of Project Management</institution>,<institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="P A, Mahesh" sort="P A, Mahesh" uniqKey="P A M" first="Mahesh" last="P A">Mahesh P A</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff445"><institution content-type="department">Department of Respiratory Medicine</institution>,<institution>Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Academy of Health Education and Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mysore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Padubidri, Jagadish Rao" sort="Padubidri, Jagadish Rao" uniqKey="Padubidri J" first="Jagadish Rao" last="Padubidri">Jagadish Rao Padubidri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff446"><institution content-type="department">Department of Forensic Medicine</institution>,<institution>Manipal Academy of Higher Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Manipal</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pakhale, Smita" sort="Pakhale, Smita" uniqKey="Pakhale S" first="Smita" last="Pakhale">Smita Pakhale</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff447"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pakshir, Keyvan" sort="Pakshir, Keyvan" uniqKey="Pakshir K" first="Keyvan" last="Pakshir">Keyvan Pakshir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff448"><institution content-type="department">Parasitology and Mycology Department</institution>,<institution>Shiraz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Shiraz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Panda Jonas, Songhomitra" sort="Panda Jonas, Songhomitra" uniqKey="Panda Jonas S" first="Songhomitra" last="Panda-Jonas">Songhomitra Panda-Jonas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff449"><institution content-type="department">Augenpraxis Jonas</institution>,<institution>Heidelberg University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Heidelberg</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Eun Kee" sort="Park, Eun Kee" uniqKey="Park E" first="Eun-Kee" last="Park">Eun-Kee Park</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff450"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine</institution>,<institution>Kosin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Busan</addr-line>,<country>South Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Patel, Sangram Kishor" sort="Patel, Sangram Kishor" uniqKey="Patel S" first="Sangram Kishor" last="Patel">Sangram Kishor Patel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff451"><institution content-type="department">Research and Evaluation Department</institution>,<institution>Population Council</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff452"><institution>Indian Institute of Health Management Research University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jaipur</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pathak, Ashish" sort="Pathak, Ashish" uniqKey="Pathak A" first="Ashish" last="Pathak">Ashish Pathak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff453"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pediatircs</institution>,<institution>RD Gardi Medical College</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ujjain</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff454"><institution content-type="department">Public Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Karolinska Institutet</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Stockholm</addr-line>,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pati, Sanghamitra" sort="Pati, Sanghamitra" uniqKey="Pati S" first="Sanghamitra" last="Pati">Sanghamitra Pati</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff455"><institution>Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bhubaneswar</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paulos, Kebreab" sort="Paulos, Kebreab" uniqKey="Paulos K" first="Kebreab" last="Paulos">Kebreab Paulos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff456"><institution>Department of Midwifery, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peden, Amy E" sort="Peden, Amy E" uniqKey="Peden A" first="Amy E" last="Peden">Amy E. Peden</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff182"><institution>Royal Life Saving Society</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff457"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health and Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Filipino Pepito, Veincent Christian" sort="Filipino Pepito, Veincent Christian" uniqKey="Filipino Pepito V" first="Veincent Christian" last="Filipino Pepito">Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff458"><institution content-type="department">Center for Research and Innovation</institution>,<institution>Ateneo De Manila University, Pasig City</institution>,<country>Philippines</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pereira, Jeevan" sort="Pereira, Jeevan" uniqKey="Pereira J" first="Jeevan" last="Pereira">Jeevan Pereira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff459"><institution content-type="department">Department of Orthopedics</institution>,<institution>Yenepoya Medical College</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mangalore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Phillips, Michael R" sort="Phillips, Michael R" uniqKey="Phillips M" first="Michael R" last="Phillips">Michael R. Phillips</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff460"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry, Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Columbia University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New York, NY, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff461"><institution>Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Shanghai</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polibin, Roman V" sort="Polibin, Roman V" uniqKey="Polibin R" first="Roman V" last="Polibin">Roman V. Polibin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff462"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine</institution>,<institution>Sechenon University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polinder, Suzanne" sort="Polinder, Suzanne" uniqKey="Polinder S" first="Suzanne" last="Polinder">Suzanne Polinder</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff211"><institution>Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rotterdam</addr-line>,<country>Netherlands</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pourmalek, Farshad" sort="Pourmalek, Farshad" uniqKey="Pourmalek F" first="Farshad" last="Pourmalek">Farshad Pourmalek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff463"><institution content-type="department">School of Population and Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of British Columbia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Vancouver</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">British Columbia</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pourshams, Akram" sort="Pourshams, Akram" uniqKey="Pourshams A" first="Akram" last="Pourshams">Akram Pourshams</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff464"><institution content-type="department">Digestive Diseases Research Institute</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Poustchi, Hossein" sort="Poustchi, Hossein" uniqKey="Poustchi H" first="Hossein" last="Poustchi">Hossein Poustchi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff464"><institution content-type="department">Digestive Diseases Research Institute</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prakash, Swayam" sort="Prakash, Swayam" uniqKey="Prakash S" first="Swayam" last="Prakash">Swayam Prakash</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff465"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nephrology</institution>,<institution>Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lucknow</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Angga Pribadi, Dimas Ria" sort="Angga Pribadi, Dimas Ria" uniqKey="Angga Pribadi D" first="Dimas Ria" last="Angga Pribadi">Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff466"><institution content-type="department">Health Sciences Department</institution>,<institution>Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sukoharjo</addr-line>,<country>Indonesia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Puri, Parul" sort="Puri, Parul" uniqKey="Puri P" first="Parul" last="Puri">Parul Puri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff286"><institution content-type="department">Department of Population Studies</institution>,<institution>International Institute for Population Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mumbai</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Syed, Zahiruddin Quazi" sort="Syed, Zahiruddin Quazi" uniqKey="Syed Z" first="Zahiruddin Quazi" last="Syed">Zahiruddin Quazi Syed</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff91"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wardha</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rabiee, Navid" sort="Rabiee, Navid" uniqKey="Rabiee N" first="Navid" last="Rabiee">Navid Rabiee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff467"><institution content-type="department">Department of Chemistry</institution>,<institution>Sharif University of Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rabiee, Mohammad" sort="Rabiee, Mohammad" uniqKey="Rabiee M" first="Mohammad" last="Rabiee">Mohammad Rabiee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff468"><institution content-type="department">Biomedical Engineering Department</institution>,<institution>Amirkabir University of Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Radfar, Amir" sort="Radfar, Amir" uniqKey="Radfar A" first="Amir" last="Radfar">Amir Radfar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff469"><institution content-type="department">College of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Central Florida</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Orlando, FL, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff470"><institution content-type="department">College of Graduate Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>A.T. Still University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mesa</addr-line>,<country>AZ, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rafay, Anwar" sort="Rafay, Anwar" uniqKey="Rafay A" first="Anwar" last="Rafay">Anwar Rafay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff471"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Contech School of Public Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lahore</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rafiee, Ata" sort="Rafiee, Ata" uniqKey="Rafiee A" first="Ata" last="Rafiee">Ata Rafiee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff472"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Alberta</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Edmonton</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Alberta</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rafiei, Alireza" sort="Rafiei, Alireza" uniqKey="Rafiei A" first="Alireza" last="Rafiei">Alireza Rafiei</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff473"><institution content-type="department">Department of Immunology</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff474"><institution content-type="department">Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rahim, Fakher" sort="Rahim, Fakher" uniqKey="Rahim F" first="Fakher" last="Rahim">Fakher Rahim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff475"><institution content-type="department">Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center</institution>,<institution>Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ahvaz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff476"><institution content-type="department">Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rahimi, Siavash" sort="Rahimi, Siavash" uniqKey="Rahimi S" first="Siavash" last="Rahimi">Siavash Rahimi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff477"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rahman, Muhammad Aziz" sort="Rahman, Muhammad Aziz" uniqKey="Rahman M" first="Muhammad Aziz" last="Rahman">Muhammad Aziz Rahman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff478"><institution content-type="department">School of Nursing and Healthcare Professions</institution>,<institution>Federation University Australia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Berwick</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff479"><institution content-type="department">School of Nursing and Midwifery</institution>,<institution>La Trobe University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rajabpour Sanati, Ali" sort="Rajabpour Sanati, Ali" uniqKey="Rajabpour Sanati A" first="Ali" last="Rajabpour-Sanati">Ali Rajabpour-Sanati</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff480"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Birjand University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birjand</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rajati, Fatemeh" sort="Rajati, Fatemeh" uniqKey="Rajati F" first="Fatemeh" last="Rajati">Fatemeh Rajati</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff392"><institution content-type="department">Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rakovac, Ivo" sort="Rakovac, Ivo" uniqKey="Rakovac I" first="Ivo" last="Rakovac">Ivo Rakovac</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff481"><institution content-type="department">European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases</institution>,<institution>World Health Organization (WHO)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rao, Sowmya J" sort="Rao, Sowmya J" uniqKey="Rao S" first="Sowmya J" last="Rao">Sowmya J. Rao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff482"><institution content-type="department">Department of Oral Pathology</institution>,<institution>Srinivas Institute of Dental Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mangalore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rashedi, Vahid" sort="Rashedi, Vahid" uniqKey="Rashedi V" first="Vahid" last="Rashedi">Vahid Rashedi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff483"><institution content-type="department">School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health</institution>,<institution>Tehran Institute of Psychiatry</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rastogi, Prateek" sort="Rastogi, Prateek" uniqKey="Rastogi P" first="Prateek" last="Rastogi">Prateek Rastogi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff446"><institution content-type="department">Department of Forensic Medicine</institution>,<institution>Manipal Academy of Higher Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Manipal</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rathi, Priya" sort="Rathi, Priya" uniqKey="Rathi P" first="Priya" last="Rathi">Priya Rathi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff233"><institution>Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Manipal</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rawaf, Salman" sort="Rawaf, Salman" uniqKey="Rawaf S" first="Salman" last="Rawaf">Salman Rawaf</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff338"><institution content-type="department">Department of Primary Care and Public Health</institution>,<institution>Imperial College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff484"><institution content-type="department">Academic Public Health Department</institution>,<institution>Public Health England</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rawal, Lal" sort="Rawal, Lal" uniqKey="Rawal L" first="Lal" last="Rawal">Lal Rawal</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff485"><institution content-type="department">School of Health</institution>,<institution>Medical and Applied Sciences, CQ University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rawassizadeh, Reza" sort="Rawassizadeh, Reza" uniqKey="Rawassizadeh R" first="Reza" last="Rawassizadeh">Reza Rawassizadeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff486"><institution content-type="department">Department of Computer Science</institution>,<institution>Metropolitan College, Boston University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Renjith, Vishnu" sort="Renjith, Vishnu" uniqKey="Renjith V" first="Vishnu" last="Renjith">Vishnu Renjith</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff487"><institution content-type="department">Neurology Department</institution>,<institution>Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Thiruvananthapuram</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Resnikoff, Serge" sort="Resnikoff, Serge" uniqKey="Resnikoff S" first="Serge" last="Resnikoff">Serge Resnikoff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff488"><institution>Brien Holden Vision Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff489"><institution>Organization for the Prevention of Blindness</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Paris</addr-line>,<country>France</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rezapour, Aziz" sort="Rezapour, Aziz" uniqKey="Rezapour A" first="Aziz" last="Rezapour">Aziz Rezapour</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff30"><institution content-type="department">Health Management and Economics Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ribeiro, Ana Isabel" sort="Ribeiro, Ana Isabel" uniqKey="Ribeiro A" first="Ana Isabel" last="Ribeiro">Ana Isabel Ribeiro</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff490"><institution content-type="department">EPIUnit - Public Health Institute University Porto (ISPUP)</institution>,<institution>University of Porto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Porto</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rickard, Jennifer" sort="Rickard, Jennifer" uniqKey="Rickard J" first="Jennifer" last="Rickard">Jennifer Rickard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff491"><institution content-type="department">Surgery Department</institution>,<institution>University of Minnesota</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Minneapolis</addr-line>,<country>MN, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff492"><institution content-type="department">Surgery Department</institution>,<institution>University Teaching Hospital of Kigali</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kigali</addr-line>,<country>Rwanda</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rios Gonzalez, Carlos Miguel" sort="Rios Gonzalez, Carlos Miguel" uniqKey="Rios Gonzalez C" first="Carlos Miguel" last="Rios González">Carlos Miguel Rios González</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff493"><institution>Research Directorate, Nihon Gakko University, Fernando de la Mora</institution>,<country>Paraguay</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff494"><institution>Research Direction, Universidad Nacional de Caaguazú, Coronel Oviedo</institution>,<country>Paraguay</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roever, Leonardo" sort="Roever, Leonardo" uniqKey="Roever L" first="Leonardo" last="Roever">Leonardo Roever</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff495"><institution content-type="department">Department of Clinical Research</institution>,<institution>Federal University of Uberlândia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Uberlândia</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ronfani, Luca" sort="Ronfani, Luca" uniqKey="Ronfani L" first="Luca" last="Ronfani">Luca Ronfani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff390"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit</institution>,<institution>Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Trieste</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roshandel, Gholamreza" sort="Roshandel, Gholamreza" uniqKey="Roshandel G" first="Gholamreza" last="Roshandel">Gholamreza Roshandel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff464"><institution content-type="department">Digestive Diseases Research Institute</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff496"><institution content-type="department">Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology</institution>,<institution>Golestan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Gorgan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saddik, Basema" sort="Saddik, Basema" uniqKey="Saddik B" first="Basema" last="Saddik">Basema Saddik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff497"><institution content-type="department">College of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Sharjah</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sharjah</addr-line>,<country>United Arab Emirates</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Safarpour, Hamid" sort="Safarpour, Hamid" uniqKey="Safarpour H" first="Hamid" last="Safarpour">Hamid Safarpour</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff498"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies</institution>,<institution>Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Safdarian, Mahdi" sort="Safdarian, Mahdi" uniqKey="Safdarian M" first="Mahdi" last="Safdarian">Mahdi Safdarian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff499"><institution content-type="department">Department of Neuroscience</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff500"><institution content-type="department">Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohammad Sajadi, S" sort="Mohammad Sajadi, S" uniqKey="Mohammad Sajadi S" first="S" last="Mohammad Sajadi">S. Mohammad Sajadi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff501"><institution content-type="department">Nanobiotechnology Center</institution>,<institution>Soran University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Soran</addr-line>,<country>Iraq</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salamati, Payman" sort="Salamati, Payman" uniqKey="Salamati P" first="Payman" last="Salamati">Payman Salamati</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff500"><institution content-type="department">Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rashad Salem, Marwa R" sort="Rashad Salem, Marwa R" uniqKey="Rashad Salem M" first="Marwa R" last="Rashad Salem">Marwa R. Rashad Salem</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff502"><institution content-type="department">Public Health and Community Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>Cairo University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Giza</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salem, Hosni" sort="Salem, Hosni" uniqKey="Salem H" first="Hosni" last="Salem">Hosni Salem</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff503"><institution content-type="department">Urology Department</institution>,<institution>Cairo University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Giza</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salz, Inbal" sort="Salz, Inbal" uniqKey="Salz I" first="Inbal" last="Salz">Inbal Salz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff504"><institution content-type="department">Health and Disability Intelligence Group</institution>,<institution>Ministry of Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wellington</addr-line>,<country>New Zealand</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Samy, Abdallah M" sort="Samy, Abdallah M" uniqKey="Samy A" first="Abdallah M" last="Samy">Abdallah M. Samy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff505"><institution content-type="department">Department of Entomology</institution>,<institution>Ain Shams University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cairo</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanabria, Juan" sort="Sanabria, Juan" uniqKey="Sanabria J" first="Juan" last="Sanabria">Juan Sanabria</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff506"><institution content-type="department">Department of Surgery</institution>,<institution>Marshall University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Huntington, WV, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff507"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Case Western Reserve University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cleveland, OH, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Riera, Lidia Sanchez" sort="Riera, Lidia Sanchez" uniqKey="Riera L" first="Lidia Sanchez" last="Riera">Lidia Sanchez Riera</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff508"><institution content-type="department">Rheumatology Department</institution>,<institution>University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bristol</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff509"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Bone and Joint Research</institution>,<institution>University of Sydney</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Syndey</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Santric Milicevic, Milena M" sort="Santric Milicevic, Milena M" uniqKey="Santric Milicevic M" first="Milena M" last="Santric Milicevic">Milena M. Santric Milicevic</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff510"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Social Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Belgrade</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Belgrade</addr-line>,<country>Serbia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff511"><institution content-type="department">Centre-School of Public Health and Health Management</institution>,<institution>University of Belgrade</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Belgrade</addr-line>,<country>Serbia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sarker, Abdur Razzaque" sort="Sarker, Abdur Razzaque" uniqKey="Sarker A" first="Abdur Razzaque" last="Sarker">Abdur Razzaque Sarker</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff512"><institution content-type="department">Health Economics</institution>,<institution>Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dhaka</addr-line>,<country>Bangladesh</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sarveazad, Arash" sort="Sarveazad, Arash" uniqKey="Sarveazad A" first="Arash" last="Sarveazad">Arash Sarveazad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff513"><institution content-type="department">Colorectal Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sathian, Brijesh" sort="Sathian, Brijesh" uniqKey="Sathian B" first="Brijesh" last="Sathian">Brijesh Sathian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff514"><institution content-type="department">Surgery Department</institution>,<institution>Hamad Medical Corporation</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Doha</addr-line>,<country>Qatar</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff515"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Health & Social Sciences</institution>,<institution>Bournemouth University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bournemouth</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sawhney, Monika" sort="Sawhney, Monika" uniqKey="Sawhney M" first="Monika" last="Sawhney">Monika Sawhney</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff516"><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of North Carolina at Charlotte</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Charlotte</addr-line>,<country>NC, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sayyah, Mehdi" sort="Sayyah, Mehdi" uniqKey="Sayyah M" first="Mehdi" last="Sayyah">Mehdi Sayyah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff517"><institution>Education Development Center, Faculty Member of Education Development Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ahvaz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwebel, David C" sort="Schwebel, David C" uniqKey="Schwebel D" first="David C" last="Schwebel">David C. Schwebel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff518"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychology</institution>,<institution>University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<country>AL, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seedat, Soraya" sort="Seedat, Soraya" uniqKey="Seedat S" first="Soraya" last="Seedat">Soraya Seedat</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff519"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>Stellenbosch University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Senthilkumaran, Subramanian" sort="Senthilkumaran, Subramanian" uniqKey="Senthilkumaran S" first="Subramanian" last="Senthilkumaran">Subramanian Senthilkumaran</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff520"><institution content-type="department">Emergency Department</institution>,<institution>Manian Medical Centre</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Erode</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba" sort="Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba" uniqKey="Seyedmousavi S" first="Seyedmojtaba" last="Seyedmousavi">Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff521"><institution content-type="department">Microbiology Service</institution>,<institution>National Institutes of Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bethesda</addr-line>,<country>MD, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sha, Feng" sort="Sha, Feng" uniqKey="Sha F" first="Feng" last="Sha">Feng Sha</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff522"><institution content-type="department">Center for Biomedical Information Technology</institution>,<institution>Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Shenzhen</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shaahmadi, Faramarz" sort="Shaahmadi, Faramarz" uniqKey="Shaahmadi F" first="Faramarz" last="Shaahmadi">Faramarz Shaahmadi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff523"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Promotion and Education</institution>,<institution>Alborz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Karaj</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shahabi, Saeed" sort="Shahabi, Saeed" uniqKey="Shahabi S" first="Saeed" last="Shahabi">Saeed Shahabi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff524"><institution content-type="department">Health Policy Research Center</institution>,<institution>Shiraz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Shiraz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shaikh, Masood Ali" sort="Shaikh, Masood Ali" uniqKey="Shaikh M" first="Masood Ali" last="Shaikh">Masood Ali Shaikh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff525"><institution>Independent Consultant</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Karachi</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shams Beyranvand, Mehran" sort="Shams Beyranvand, Mehran" uniqKey="Shams Beyranvand M" first="Mehran" last="Shams-Beyranvand">Mehran Shams-Beyranvand</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff526"><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Alborz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Karaj</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sheikh, Aziz" sort="Sheikh, Aziz" uniqKey="Sheikh A" first="Aziz" last="Sheikh">Aziz Sheikh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff527"><institution content-type="department">Centre for Medical Informatics</institution>,<institution>University of Edinburgh</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Edinburgh</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff528"><institution content-type="department">Division of General Internal Medicine</institution>,<institution>Harvard University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shigematsu, Mika" sort="Shigematsu, Mika" uniqKey="Shigematsu M" first="Mika" last="Shigematsu">Mika Shigematsu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff529"><institution>National Institute of Infectious Diseases</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tokyo</addr-line>,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shin, Jae Il" sort="Shin, Jae Il" uniqKey="Shin J" first="Jae Il" last="Shin">Jae Il Shin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff530"><institution content-type="department">College of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Yonsei University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seodaemun-gu</addr-line>,<country>South Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff531"><institution content-type="department">Division of Cardiology</institution>,<institution>Emory University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Atlanta</addr-line>,<country>GA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shiri, Rahman" sort="Shiri, Rahman" uniqKey="Shiri R" first="Rahman" last="Shiri">Rahman Shiri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff532"><institution>Finnish Institute of Occupational Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Helsinki</addr-line>,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Siabani, Soraya" sort="Siabani, Soraya" uniqKey="Siabani S" first="Soraya" last="Siabani">Soraya Siabani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff533"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Education & Promotion</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff534"><institution content-type="department">School of Health</institution>,<institution>University of Technology Sydney</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora" sort="Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora" uniqKey="Sigfusdottir I" first="Inga Dora" last="Sigfusdottir">Inga Dora Sigfusdottir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff535"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychology</institution>,<institution>Reykjavik University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Reykjavik</addr-line>,<country>Iceland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff536"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health and Behavior Studies</institution>,<institution>Columbia University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New York, NY, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, Jasvinder A" sort="Singh, Jasvinder A" uniqKey="Singh J" first="Jasvinder A" last="Singh">Jasvinder A. Singh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff537"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<country>AL, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff538"><institution content-type="department">Medicine Service</institution>,<institution>US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<country>AL, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, Pankaj Kumar" sort="Singh, Pankaj Kumar" uniqKey="Singh P" first="Pankaj Kumar" last="Singh">Pankaj Kumar Singh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff539"><institution content-type="department">Department of Forensic Medicine</institution>,<institution>Kathmandu University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dhulikhel</addr-line>,<country>Nepal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sinha, Dhirendra Narain" sort="Sinha, Dhirendra Narain" uniqKey="Sinha D" first="Dhirendra Narain" last="Sinha">Dhirendra Narain Sinha</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff540"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>School of Preventive Oncology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Patna</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff541"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mumbai</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soheili, Amin" sort="Soheili, Amin" uniqKey="Soheili A" first="Amin" last="Soheili">Amin Soheili</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff542"><institution content-type="department">Medical Surgical Nursing Department</institution>,<institution>Urmia University of Medical Science</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Urmia</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff543"><institution>Emergency Nursing Department, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan</institution>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soriano, Joan B" sort="Soriano, Joan B" uniqKey="Soriano J" first="Joan B" last="Soriano">Joan B. Soriano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff544"><institution>Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Autonomous University of Madrid</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff545"><institution>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sorrie, Muluken Bekele" sort="Sorrie, Muluken Bekele" uniqKey="Sorrie M" first="Muluken Bekele" last="Sorrie">Muluken Bekele Sorrie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff546"><institution>Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soyiri, Ireneous N" sort="Soyiri, Ireneous N" uniqKey="Soyiri I" first="Ireneous N" last="Soyiri">Ireneous N. Soyiri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff547"><institution>Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull City</institution>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff548"><institution content-type="department">Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics</institution>,<institution>University of Edinburgh</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Edinburgh</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stokes, Mark A" sort="Stokes, Mark A" uniqKey="Stokes M" first="Mark A" last="Stokes">Mark A. Stokes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff549"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychology</institution>,<institution>Deakin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sufiyan, Mu Awiyyah Babale" sort="Sufiyan, Mu Awiyyah Babale" uniqKey="Sufiyan M" first="Mu'Awiyyah Babale" last="Sufiyan">Mu'Awiyyah Babale Sufiyan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff550"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Ahmadu Bello University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Zaria</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sykes, Bryan L" sort="Sykes, Bryan L" uniqKey="Sykes B" first="Bryan L" last="Sykes">Bryan L. Sykes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff551"><institution content-type="department">Department of Criminology</institution>,<institution>Law and Society, University of California Irvine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Irvine</addr-line>,<country>CA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tabares Seisdedos, Rafael" sort="Tabares Seisdedos, Rafael" uniqKey="Tabares Seisdedos R" first="Rafael" last="Tabarés-Seisdedos">Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff552"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Valencia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Valencia</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff553"><institution content-type="department">Carlos III Health Institute</institution>,<institution>Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tabb, Karen M" sort="Tabb, Karen M" uniqKey="Tabb K" first="Karen M" last="Tabb">Karen M. Tabb</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff554"><institution content-type="department">School of Social Work</institution>,<institution>University of Illinois</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Urbana</addr-line>,<country>IL, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taddele, Biruk Wogayehu" sort="Taddele, Biruk Wogayehu" uniqKey="Taddele B" first="Biruk Wogayehu" last="Taddele">Biruk Wogayehu Taddele</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff555"><institution>Public Health, Arba Minch College of Health Sciences, Arba Minch</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tefera, Yonatal Mesfin" sort="Tefera, Yonatal Mesfin" uniqKey="Tefera Y" first="Yonatal Mesfin" last="Tefera">Yonatal Mesfin Tefera</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff556"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Adelaide</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Adelaide</addr-line>,<country>SA, Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff557"><institution content-type="department">Department of Environmental Health</institution>,<institution>Wollo University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dessie</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tehrani Banihashemi, Arash" sort="Tehrani Banihashemi, Arash" uniqKey="Tehrani Banihashemi A" first="Arash" last="Tehrani-Banihashemi">Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff396"><institution content-type="department">Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff558"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community and Family Medicine</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tekulu, Gebretsadkan Hintsa" sort="Tekulu, Gebretsadkan Hintsa" uniqKey="Tekulu G" first="Gebretsadkan Hintsa" last="Tekulu">Gebretsadkan Hintsa Tekulu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff559"><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacognosy</institution>,<institution>Mekelle University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mekelle</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tesema Tesema, Ayenew Kassie" sort="Tesema Tesema, Ayenew Kassie" uniqKey="Tesema Tesema A" first="Ayenew Kassie" last="Tesema Tesema">Ayenew Kassie Tesema Tesema</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff560"><institution>Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Gondar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tesfay, Berhe Etsay" sort="Tesfay, Berhe Etsay" uniqKey="Tesfay B" first="Berhe Etsay" last="Tesfay">Berhe Etsay Tesfay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff561"><institution>Department of Public Health, Adigrat University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Adigrat</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thapar, Rekha" sort="Thapar, Rekha" uniqKey="Thapar R" first="Rekha" last="Thapar">Rekha Thapar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff312"><institution content-type="department">Community Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mangalore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna" sort="Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna" uniqKey="Titova M" first="Mariya Vladimirovna" last="Titova">Mariya Vladimirovna Titova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff178"><institution>Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff562"><institution content-type="department">Biology Department</institution>,<institution>Moscow State University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tlaye, Kenean Getaneh" sort="Tlaye, Kenean Getaneh" uniqKey="Tlaye K" first="Kenean Getaneh" last="Tlaye">Kenean Getaneh Tlaye</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff563"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing</institution>,<institution>Woldia University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Woldia</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tohidinik, Hamid Reza" sort="Tohidinik, Hamid Reza" uniqKey="Tohidinik H" first="Hamid Reza" last="Tohidinik">Hamid Reza Tohidinik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff347"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff564"><institution content-type="department">HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center</institution>,<institution>and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Kerman University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kerman</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Topor Madry, Roman" sort="Topor Madry, Roman" uniqKey="Topor Madry R" first="Roman" last="Topor-Madry">Roman Topor-Madry</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff565"><institution>Institute of Public Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Krakow</addr-line>,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff566"><institution>The Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Warszawa</addr-line>,<country>Poland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tran, Khanh Bao" sort="Tran, Khanh Bao" uniqKey="Tran K" first="Khanh Bao" last="Tran">Khanh Bao Tran</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff567"><institution content-type="department">Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology</institution>,<institution>University of Auckland</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Auckland</addr-line>,<country>New Zealand</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff568"><institution content-type="department">Clinical Hematology and Toxicology</institution>,<institution>Military Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hanoi</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tran, Bach Xuan" sort="Tran, Bach Xuan" uniqKey="Tran B" first="Bach Xuan" last="Tran">Bach Xuan Tran</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff569"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Economics</institution>,<institution>Hanoi Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hanoi</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tripathy, Jaya Prasad" sort="Tripathy, Jaya Prasad" uniqKey="Tripathy J" first="Jaya Prasad" last="Tripathy">Jaya Prasad Tripathy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff90"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>All India Institute of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Nagpur</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsai, Alexander C" sort="Tsai, Alexander C" uniqKey="Tsai A" first="Alexander C" last="Tsai">Alexander C. Tsai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff570"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>Massachusetts General Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff571"><institution>Mbarara University of Science and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mbarara</addr-line>,<country>Uganda</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsatsakis, Aristidis" sort="Tsatsakis, Aristidis" uniqKey="Tsatsakis A" first="Aristidis" last="Tsatsakis">Aristidis Tsatsakis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff572"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Crete</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Heraklion</addr-line>,<country>Greece</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Car, Lorainne Tudor" sort="Car, Lorainne Tudor" uniqKey="Car L" first="Lorainne Tudor" last="Car">Lorainne Tudor Car</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff573"><institution content-type="department">Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Nanyang Technological University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Singapore, Singapore</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ullah, Irfan" sort="Ullah, Irfan" uniqKey="Ullah I" first="Irfan" last="Ullah">Irfan Ullah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff574"><institution content-type="department">Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology</institution>,<institution>Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan</institution>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff575"><institution>TB Culture Laboratory, Mufti Mehmood Memorial Teaching Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan</institution>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ullah, Saif" sort="Ullah, Saif" uniqKey="Ullah S" first="Saif" last="Ullah">Saif Ullah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff97"><institution content-type="department">Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Agriculture</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Faisalabad</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran" sort="Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran" uniqKey="Unnikrishnan B" first="Bhaskaran" last="Unnikrishnan">Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff260"><institution content-type="department">Community Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>Manipal Academy of Higher Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mangalore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Upadhyay, Era" sort="Upadhyay, Era" uniqKey="Upadhyay E" first="Era" last="Upadhyay">Era Upadhyay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff576"><institution content-type="department">Amity Institute of Biotechnology</institution>,<institution>Amity University Rajasthan</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jaipur</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uthman, Olalekan A" sort="Uthman, Olalekan A" uniqKey="Uthman O" first="Olalekan A" last="Uthman">Olalekan A. Uthman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff577"><institution content-type="department">Division of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Warwick</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Coventry</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valdez, Pascual R" sort="Valdez, Pascual R" uniqKey="Valdez P" first="Pascual R" last="Valdez">Pascual R. Valdez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff578"><institution>Argentine Society of Medicine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Buenos Aires</addr-line>,<country>Argentina</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff579"><institution>Velez Sarsfield Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Buenos Aires</addr-line>,<country>Argentina</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vasankari, Tommi Juhani" sort="Vasankari, Tommi Juhani" uniqKey="Vasankari T" first="Tommi Juhani" last="Vasankari">Tommi Juhani Vasankari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff580"><institution>UKK Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tampere</addr-line>,<country>Finland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Veisani, Yousef" sort="Veisani, Yousef" uniqKey="Veisani Y" first="Yousef" last="Veisani">Yousef Veisani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff581"><institution content-type="department">Psychosocial Injuries Research Center</institution>,<institution>Ilam University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ilam</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy" sort="Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy" uniqKey="Venketasubramanian N" first="Narayanaswamy" last="Venketasubramanian">Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff582"><institution>Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Singapore, Singapore</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff583"><institution content-type="department">Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>National University of Singapore</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Singapore, Singapore</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Violante, Francesco S" sort="Violante, Francesco S" uniqKey="Violante F" first="Francesco S" last="Violante">Francesco S. Violante</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff584"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Bologna</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bologna</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff585"><institution content-type="department">Occupational Health Unit</institution>,<institution>Sant’Orsola Malpighi Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bologna</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vlassov, Vasily" sort="Vlassov, Vasily" uniqKey="Vlassov V" first="Vasily" last="Vlassov">Vasily Vlassov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff586"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Care Administration and Economics</institution>,<institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waheed, Yasir" sort="Waheed, Yasir" uniqKey="Waheed Y" first="Yasir" last="Waheed">Yasir Waheed</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff587"><institution>Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Islamabad</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Yuan Pang" sort="Wang, Yuan Pang" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yuan-Pang" last="Wang">Yuan-Pang Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff113"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>University of São Paulo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">São Paulo</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wiangkham, Taweewat" sort="Wiangkham, Taweewat" uniqKey="Wiangkham T" first="Taweewat" last="Wiangkham">Taweewat Wiangkham</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff588"><institution content-type="department">Department of Physical Therapy</institution>,<institution>Naresuan University, Meung District</institution>,<country>Thailand</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wolde, Haileab Fekadu" sort="Wolde, Haileab Fekadu" uniqKey="Wolde H" first="Haileab Fekadu" last="Wolde">Haileab Fekadu Wolde</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff400"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>University of Gondar</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Gondar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Woldeyes, Dawit Habte" sort="Woldeyes, Dawit Habte" uniqKey="Woldeyes D" first="Dawit Habte" last="Woldeyes">Dawit Habte Woldeyes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff589"><institution content-type="department">Department of Human Anatomy</institution>,<institution>Histology, and Embryology, Bahir Dar University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bahir Dar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wondmeneh, Temesgen Gebeyehu" sort="Wondmeneh, Temesgen Gebeyehu" uniqKey="Wondmeneh T" first="Temesgen Gebeyehu" last="Wondmeneh">Temesgen Gebeyehu Wondmeneh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff386"><institution>Department of Public Health, Samara University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Samara</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wondmieneh, Adam Belay" sort="Wondmieneh, Adam Belay" uniqKey="Wondmieneh A" first="Adam Belay" last="Wondmieneh">Adam Belay Wondmieneh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff186"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing and Midwifery</institution>,<institution>Addis Ababa University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Addis Ababa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff590"><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing</institution>,<institution>Wollo University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dessie</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Ai Min" sort="Wu, Ai Min" uniqKey="Wu A" first="Ai-Min" last="Wu">Ai-Min Wu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff591"><institution content-type="department">Department of Orthopaedics</institution>,<institution>Wenzhou Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wenzhou</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wyper, Grant M A" sort="Wyper, Grant M A" uniqKey="Wyper G" first="Grant M A" last="Wyper">Grant M A. Wyper</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff592"><institution content-type="department">Public Health Science Directorate</institution>,<institution>NHS Health Scotland</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Glasgow</addr-line>,<country>Scotland</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yadav, Rajaram" sort="Yadav, Rajaram" uniqKey="Yadav R" first="Rajaram" last="Yadav">Rajaram Yadav</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff286"><institution content-type="department">Department of Population Studies</institution>,<institution>International Institute for Population Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mumbai</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yadollahpour, Ali" sort="Yadollahpour, Ali" uniqKey="Yadollahpour A" first="Ali" last="Yadollahpour">Ali Yadollahpour</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff593"><institution content-type="department">Medical Physics Department</institution>,<institution>Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ahvaz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yano, Yuichiro" sort="Yano, Yuichiro" uniqKey="Yano Y" first="Yuichiro" last="Yano">Yuichiro Yano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff594"><institution content-type="department">Department of Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Northwestern University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Chicago</addr-line>,<country>IL, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yaya, Sanni" sort="Yaya, Sanni" uniqKey="Yaya S" first="Sanni" last="Yaya">Sanni Yaya</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff595"><institution content-type="department">School of International Development and Global Studies</institution>,<institution>University of Ottawa</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yazdi Feyzabadi, Vahid" sort="Yazdi Feyzabadi, Vahid" uniqKey="Yazdi Feyzabadi V" first="Vahid" last="Yazdi-Feyzabadi">Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff596"><institution content-type="department">Health Services Management Research Center</institution>,<institution>Kerman University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kerman</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff597"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Management</institution>,<institution>Policy and Economics, Kerman University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kerman</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ye, Pengpeng" sort="Ye, Pengpeng" uniqKey="Ye P" first="Pengpeng" last="Ye">Pengpeng Ye</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff598"><institution content-type="department">Division of Injury Prevention and Mental Health Improvement</institution>,<institution>National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Beijing</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yip, Paul" sort="Yip, Paul" uniqKey="Yip P" first="Paul" last="Yip">Paul Yip</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff599"><institution content-type="department">Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention</institution>,<institution>University of Hong Kong</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hong Kong</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff600"><institution content-type="department">Department of Social Work and Social Administration</institution>,<institution>University of Hong Kong</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hong Kong</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yisma, Engida" sort="Yisma, Engida" uniqKey="Yisma E" first="Engida" last="Yisma">Engida Yisma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff601"><institution content-type="department">School of Allied Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Addis Ababa University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Addis Ababa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yonemoto, Naohiro" sort="Yonemoto, Naohiro" uniqKey="Yonemoto N" first="Naohiro" last="Yonemoto">Naohiro Yonemoto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff602"><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychopharmacology</institution>,<institution>National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tokyo</addr-line>,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yoon, Seok Jun" sort="Yoon, Seok Jun" uniqKey="Yoon S" first="Seok-Jun" last="Yoon">Seok-Jun Yoon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff292"><institution content-type="department">Department of Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Korea University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seoul</addr-line>,<country>South Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Youm, Yoosik" sort="Youm, Yoosik" uniqKey="Youm Y" first="Yoosik" last="Youm">Yoosik Youm</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff603"><institution content-type="department">Department of Sociology</institution>,<institution>Yonsei University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seoul</addr-line>,<country>South Korea</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Younis, Mustafa Z" sort="Younis, Mustafa Z" uniqKey="Younis M" first="Mustafa Z" last="Younis">Mustafa Z. Younis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff604"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Policy & Management</institution>,<institution>Jackson State University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jackson</addr-line>,<country>MS, USA</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff605"><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Tsinghua University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Beijing</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yousefi, Zabihollah" sort="Yousefi, Zabihollah" uniqKey="Yousefi Z" first="Zabihollah" last="Yousefi">Zabihollah Yousefi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff606"><institution content-type="department">Department of Environmental Health</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff607"><institution content-type="department">Environmental Health</institution>,<institution>Academy of Medical Science</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, Chuanhua" sort="Yu, Chuanhua" uniqKey="Yu C" first="Chuanhua" last="Yu">Chuanhua Yu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff608"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Wuhan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wuhan</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff609"><institution content-type="department">Global Health Institute</institution>,<institution>Wuhan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wuhan</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, Yong" sort="Yu, Yong" uniqKey="Yu Y" first="Yong" last="Yu">Yong Yu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff610"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health and Management</institution>,<institution>Hubei University of Medicine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Shiyan</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moghadam, Telma Zahirian" sort="Moghadam, Telma Zahirian" uniqKey="Moghadam T" first="Telma Zahirian" last="Moghadam">Telma Zahirian Moghadam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff30"><institution content-type="department">Health Management and Economics Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff611"><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Ardabil University of Medical Science</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ardabil</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zaidi, Zoubida" sort="Zaidi, Zoubida" uniqKey="Zaidi Z" first="Zoubida" last="Zaidi">Zoubida Zaidi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff612"><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>University Hospital of Setif</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Setif</addr-line>,<country>Algeria</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zaman, Sojib Bin" sort="Zaman, Sojib Bin" uniqKey="Zaman S" first="Sojib Bin" last="Zaman">Sojib Bin Zaman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff132"><institution content-type="department">Maternal and Child Health Division</institution>,<institution>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dhaka</addr-line>,<country>Bangladesh</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff613"><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zamani, Mohammad" sort="Zamani, Mohammad" uniqKey="Zamani M" first="Mohammad" last="Zamani">Mohammad Zamani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff614"><institution content-type="department">Student Research Committee</institution>,<institution>Babol University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Babol</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zandian, Hamed" sort="Zandian, Hamed" uniqKey="Zandian H" first="Hamed" last="Zandian">Hamed Zandian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff611"><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Ardabil University of Medical Science</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ardabil</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff615"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Ardabil University of Medical Science</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ardabil</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zarei, Fatemeh" sort="Zarei, Fatemeh" uniqKey="Zarei F" first="Fatemeh" last="Zarei">Fatemeh Zarei</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff616"><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Medical Sciences</institution>,<institution>Department of Health Education, Tarbiat Modares University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Zhi Jiang" sort="Zhang, Zhi Jiang" uniqKey="Zhang Z" first="Zhi-Jiang" last="Zhang">Zhi-Jiang Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff617"><institution content-type="department">Department of Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Wuhan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wuhan</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Yunquan" sort="Zhang, Yunquan" uniqKey="Zhang Y" first="Yunquan" last="Zhang">Yunquan Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff618"><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Wuhan University of Science and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wuhan</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff619"><institution content-type="department">Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control</institution>,<institution>Wuhan University of Science and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wuhan</addr-line>,<country>China</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ziapour, Arash" sort="Ziapour, Arash" uniqKey="Ziapour A" first="Arash" last="Ziapour">Arash Ziapour</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff533"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Education & Promotion</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zodpey, Sanjay" sort="Zodpey, Sanjay" uniqKey="Zodpey S" first="Sanjay" last="Zodpey">Sanjay Zodpey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff620"><institution content-type="department">Indian Institute of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Public Health Foundation of India</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Gurugram</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dandona, Rakhi" sort="Dandona, Rakhi" uniqKey="Dandona R" first="Rakhi" last="Dandona">Rakhi Dandona</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff329"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff621"><institution>Public Health Foundation of India</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Gurugram</addr-line>,<country>India</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda" sort="Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda" uniqKey="Dharmaratne S" first="Samath Dhamminda" last="Dharmaratne">Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff329"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff622"><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Peradeniya</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Peradeniya</addr-line>,<country>Sri Lanka</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hay, Simon I" sort="Hay, Simon I" uniqKey="Hay S" first="Simon I" last="Hay">Simon I. Hay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff329"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mokdad, Ali H" sort="Mokdad, Ali H" uniqKey="Mokdad A" first="Ali H" last="Mokdad">Ali H. Mokdad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff329"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pigott, David M" sort="Pigott, David M" uniqKey="Pigott D" first="David M" last="Pigott">David M. Pigott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff329"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reiner, Robert C" sort="Reiner, Robert C" uniqKey="Reiner R" first="Robert C" last="Reiner">Robert C. Reiner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff329"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vos, Theo" sort="Vos, Theo" uniqKey="Vos T" first="Theo" last="Vos">Theo Vos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff329"><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Injury Prevention</title><idno type="ISSN">1353-8047</idno><idno type="eISSN">1475-5785</idno><imprint><date when="2020">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Inj Prev</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Inj Prev</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">injuryprev</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ip</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Injury Prevention</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1353-8047</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1475-5785</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BMJ Publishing Group</publisher-name><publisher-loc>BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">32839249</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7571362</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">injuryprev-2019-043531</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043531</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Research</subject></subj-group><subj-group 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contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tabarés-Seisdedos</surname><given-names>Rafael</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff552">552</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff553">553</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tabb</surname><given-names>Karen M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff554">554</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Taddele</surname><given-names>Biruk Wogayehu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff555">555</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tefera</surname><given-names>Yonatal Mesfin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff556">556</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff557">557</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tehrani-Banihashemi</surname><given-names>Arash</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff396">396</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff558">558</xref></contrib><contrib 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rid="aff622">622</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hay</surname><given-names>Simon I</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff329">329</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mokdad</surname><given-names>Ali H</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff329">329</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pigott</surname><given-names>David M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff329">329</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Reiner</surname><given-names>Robert C</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff329">329</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vos</surname><given-names>Theo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff329">329</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><institution>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Neurology</institution>,<institution>Cairo University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cairo</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label><institution content-type="department">Neuroscience Research Center</institution>,<institution>Isfahan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Isfahan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff4"><label>4</label><institution>Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></aff><aff id="aff5"><label>5</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Orthopaedic Surgery</institution>,<institution>University of Southern California</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Los Angeles</addr-line>,<country>CA, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff6"><label>6</label><institution>Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff7"><label>7</label><institution content-type="department">Radiotherapy Center</institution>,<institution>Addis Ababa University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Addis Ababa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff8"><label>8</label><institution>Department of Public Health, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff9"><label>9</label><institution content-type="department">Cardiovascular Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>Ain Shams University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Abbasia</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></aff><aff id="aff10"><label>10</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University College Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ibadan</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></aff><aff id="aff11"><label>11</label><institution content-type="department">Sport Science Department</institution>,<institution>University of Extremadura</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Badajoz</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="aff12"><label>12</label><institution content-type="department">Social Behavioral Research Branch</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bethesda</addr-line>,<country>MD, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff13"><label>13</label><institution content-type="department">Cancer Prevention and Control</institution>,<institution>Georgetown University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Washington, DC, USA</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff14"><label>14</label><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine, Center for Politics, Population and Health Research</institution>,<institution>National Autonomous University of Mexico</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mexico City, Mexico</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff15"><label>15</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics</institution>,<institution>Southeast University Nanjing</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Nanjing</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff16"><label>16</label><institution content-type="department">Microbiology Department</institution>,<institution>Hazara University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mansehra</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></aff><aff id="aff17"><label>17</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Jimma University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jimma</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff18"><label>18</label><institution content-type="department">James P Grant School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>BRAC University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dhaka</addr-line>,<country>Bangladesh</country></aff><aff id="aff19"><label>19</label><institution content-type="department">Health Systems and Population Studies Division</institution>,<institution>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dhaka</addr-line>,<country>Bangladesh</country></aff><aff id="aff20"><label>20</label><institution>Higher National School of Veterinary Medicine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Algiers</addr-line>,<country>Algeria</country></aff><aff id="aff21"><label>21</label><institution content-type="department">Evidence Based Practice Center</institution>,<institution>Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rochester</addr-line>,<country>MN, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff22"><label>22</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Computer Sciences</institution>,<institution>Imam Abdulrehman Bin Faisal University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dammam</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></aff><aff id="aff23"><label>23</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacy</institution>,<institution>Adigrat University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Adigrat</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff24"><label>24</label><institution content-type="department">Medicine and Health Science</institution>,<institution>Arba Minch University, Arba Minch</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff25"><label>25</label><institution content-type="department">Midwifery Department</institution>,<institution>Arba Minch University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Injbara</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff26"><label>26</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Population Health Research</institution>,<institution>King Abdullah International Medical Research Center</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></aff><aff id="aff27"><label>27</label><institution content-type="department">Medical Technical Institute</institution>,<institution>Erbil Polytechnic University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Erbil</addr-line>,<country>Iraq</country></aff><aff id="aff28"><label>28</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Information Systems</institution>,<institution>College of Economics and Political Science, Sultan Qaboos University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Muscat</addr-line>,<country>Oman</country></aff><aff id="aff29"><label>29</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Care Management and Economics</institution>,<institution>Urmia University of Medical Science</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Urmia</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff30"><label>30</label><institution content-type="department">Health Management and Economics Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff31"><label>31</label><institution content-type="department">Health Economics Department</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff32"><label>32</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Policy and Management</institution>,<institution>Kuwait University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Safat</addr-line>,<country>Kuwait</country></aff><aff id="aff33"><label>33</label><institution content-type="department">International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding</institution>,<institution>National University of Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak</institution>,<country>Malaysia</country></aff><aff id="aff34"><label>34</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Arak University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Arak</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff35"><label>35</label><institution content-type="department">Physiotherapy Department</institution>,<institution>The University of Jordan</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Amman</addr-line>,<country>Jordan</country></aff><aff id="aff36"><label>36</label><institution>King Saud University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></aff><aff id="aff37"><label>37</label><institution content-type="department">Clinical Practice Guidelines Unit</institution>,<institution>King Saud University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></aff><aff id="aff38"><label>38</label><institution content-type="department">Alexandria Center for Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines</institution>,<institution>Alexandria University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Alexandria</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></aff><aff id="aff39"><label>39</label><institution>Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></aff><aff id="aff40"><label>40</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Health Promotion Research Center</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Zahedan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff41"><label>41</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Policy and Administration</institution>,<institution>University of the Philippines Manila</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Manila</addr-line>,<country>Philippines</country></aff><aff id="aff42"><label>42</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Applied Social Sciences</institution>,<institution>Hong Kong Polytechnic University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hong Kong</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff43"><label>43</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Parasitology</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff44"><label>44</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Microbiology and Immunology</institution>,<institution>Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Iranshahr</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff45"><label>45</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Sociology and Social Work</institution>,<institution>Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kumasi</addr-line>,<country>Ghana</country></aff><aff id="aff46"><label>46</label><institution content-type="department">Center for International Health</institution>,<institution>Ludwig Maximilians University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Munich</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="aff47"><label>47</label><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Birjand University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birjand</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff48"><label>48</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Promotion and Education</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff49"><label>49</label><institution content-type="department">School of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Birmingham City University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff50"><label>50</label><institution content-type="department">Regional Centre for the Analysis of Data on Occupational and Work-related Injuries and Diseases</institution>,<institution>Local Health Unit Tuscany Centre</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Florence</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></aff><aff id="aff51"><label>51</label><institution content-type="department">School of Science and Health</institution>,<institution>Western Sydney University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff52"><label>52</label><institution content-type="department">Oral Health Services</institution>,<institution>Sydney Local Health District</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff53"><label>53</label><institution>Plastic Surgery Department, University of Texas</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Houston, TX, USA</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff54"><label>54</label><institution content-type="department">The Judith Lumley Centre</institution>,<institution>La Trobe University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff55"><label>55</label><institution>General Office for Research and Technological Transfer, Peruvian National Institute of Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lima, Peru</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff56"><label>56</label><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Curtin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Perth</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Western Australia</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff57"><label>57</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Policy Planning and Management</institution>,<institution>University of Health and Allied Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ho</addr-line>,<country>Ghana</country></aff><aff id="aff58"><label>58</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Environmental Health Engineering</institution>,<institution>Hamadan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamadan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff59"><label>59</label><institution content-type="department">Public Health Risk Sciences Division</institution>,<institution>Public Health Agency of Canada</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Toronto</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff60"><label>60</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Nutritional Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Toronto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Toronto</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff61"><label>61</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Forensic Science</institution>,<institution>Government Institute of Forensic Science</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Nagpur</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff62"><label>62</label><institution content-type="department">Biochemistry Unit</institution>,<institution>Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kuala Terengganu</addr-line>,<country>Malaysia</country></aff><aff id="aff63"><label>63</label><institution content-type="department">School of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Univeristi Sultan Zainal Abidin</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kuala Terengganu</addr-line>,<country>Malaysia</country></aff><aff id="aff64"><label>64</label><institution content-type="department">Institute of Health Management Research</institution>,<institution>Indian Institute of Health Management Research University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jaipur</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff65"><label>65</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Johns Hopkins University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Baltimore</addr-line>,<country>MD, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff66"><label>66</label><institution content-type="department">Health Policy and Management Department</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff67"><label>67</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Demography</institution>,<institution>University of Groningen</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Groningen</addr-line>,<country>Netherlands</country></aff><aff id="aff68"><label>68</label><institution content-type="department">Population Research Centre</institution>,<institution>Institute for Social and Economic Change</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bengaluru</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff69"><label>69</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Hypertension</institution>,<institution>Medical University of Lodz</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lodz</addr-line>,<country>Poland</country></aff><aff id="aff70"><label>70</label><institution>Polish Mothers’ Memorial Hospital Research Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lodz</addr-line>,<country>Poland</country></aff><aff id="aff71"><label>71</label><institution content-type="department">School of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Walden University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Minneapolis</addr-line>,<country>MN, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff72"><label>72</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Noncommunicable Diseases</institution>,<institution>Bangladesh University of Health Sciences (BUHS)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dhaka</addr-line>,<country>Bangladesh</country></aff><aff id="aff73"><label>73</label><institution>Department of Research, Public Health Perspective Nepal, Pokhara-Lekhnath Metropolitan City</institution>,<country>Nepal</country></aff><aff id="aff74"><label>74</label><institution content-type="department">School of Psychology</institution>,<institution>University of Auckland</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Auckland</addr-line>,<country>New Zealand</country></aff><aff id="aff75"><label>75</label><institution content-type="department">Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH)</institution>,<institution>Heidelberg University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Heidelberg</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="aff76"><label>76</label><institution content-type="department">T.H. Chan School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Harvard University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff77"><label>77</label><institution content-type="department">Occupational Health Department</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff78"><label>78</label><institution content-type="department">Health Human Resources Research Center</institution>,<institution>Shiraz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Shiraz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff79"><label>79</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Los Angeles</addr-line>,<country>CA, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff80"><label>80</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences</institution>,<institution>David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Los Angeles</addr-line>,<country>CA, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff81"><label>81</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Gandhi Medical College Bhopal</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bhopal</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff82"><label>82</label><institution>Jazan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jazan</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></aff><aff id="aff83"><label>83</label><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Lorestan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Khorramabad</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff84"><label>84</label><institution content-type="department">Psychiatry Department</institution>,<institution>Bahir Dar University, Bhair Dar</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff85"><label>85</label><institution content-type="department">Nuffield Department of Population Health</institution>,<institution>University of Oxford</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Oxford</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff86"><label>86</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Internal Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of São Paulo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">São Paulo</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></aff><aff id="aff87"><label>87</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Nutrition and Dietetics</institution>,<institution>Mekelle University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mekelle</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff88"><label>88</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Internal Medicine</institution>,<institution>United Arab Emirates University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Al Ain</addr-line>,<country>United Arab Emirates</country></aff><aff id="aff89"><label>89</label><institution>Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralova</institution>,<country>Czech Republic</country></aff><aff id="aff90"><label>90</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>All India Institute of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Nagpur</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff91"><label>91</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wardha</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff92"><label>92</label><institution content-type="department">Internal Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>University of Massachusetts Medical School</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Springfield</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff93"><label>93</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Statistical and Computational Genomics</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Biomedical Genomics</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kalyani</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff94"><label>94</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Statistics</institution>,<institution>University of Calcutta, Kolkata</institution>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff95"><label>95</label><institution content-type="department">Centre for Global Child Health</institution>,<institution>University of Toronto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Toronto</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff96"><label>96</label><institution content-type="department">Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health</institution>,<institution>Aga Khan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Karachi</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></aff><aff id="aff97"><label>97</label><institution content-type="department">Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Agriculture</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Faisalabad</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></aff><aff id="aff98"><label>98</label><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Babol University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Babol</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff99"><label>99</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Internal Medicine</institution>,<institution>Manipal Academy of Higher Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mangalore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff100"><label>100</label><institution>Department of Epidemiology and Psychosocial Reseach, Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mexico City, Mexico</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff101"><label>101</label><institution content-type="department">Centre for Adolescent Health</institution>,<institution>Murdoch Childrens Research Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff102"><label>102</label><institution content-type="department">School of Population and Global Health</institution>,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff103"><label>103</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Catania</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Catania</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></aff><aff id="aff104"><label>104</label><institution content-type="department">Transport and Road Safety (TARS) Research Department</institution>,<institution>University of New South Wales</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff105"><label>105</label><institution content-type="department">Division of Hematology and Oncology</institution>,<institution>Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA</institution></aff><aff id="aff106"><label>106</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine</institution>,<institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></aff><aff id="aff107"><label>107</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Leicester</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Leicester</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff108"><label>108</label><institution content-type="department">Research Department</institution>,<institution>Golden Community</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kathmandu</addr-line>,<country>Nepal</country></aff><aff id="aff109"><label>109</label><institution content-type="department">Centre for Population Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Nanyang Technological University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Singapore, Singapore</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff110"><label>110</label><institution content-type="department">Global eHealth Unit</institution>,<institution>Imperial College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff111"><label>111</label><institution>Department of Population and Health, Metropolitan Autonomous University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mexico City, Mexico</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff112"><label>112</label><institution content-type="department">Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO)</institution>,<institution>University of Porto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Porto</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></aff><aff id="aff113"><label>113</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>University of São Paulo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">São Paulo</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></aff><aff id="aff114"><label>114</label><institution content-type="department">Colombian National Health Observatory</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Health, Bogota</institution>,<country>Colombia</country></aff><aff id="aff115"><label>115</label><institution content-type="department">Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group</institution>,<institution>National University of Colombia, Bogota</institution>,<country>Colombia</country></aff><aff id="aff116"><label>116</label><institution content-type="department">Primary Care Services Area</institution>,<institution>Central Health Directorate, Region Friuli Venezia Giulia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Trieste</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></aff><aff id="aff117"><label>117</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine (DAME)</institution>,<institution>University of Udine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Udine</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></aff><aff id="aff118"><label>118</label><institution>National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="aff119"><label>119</label><institution content-type="department">Clinical Epidemiology Program</institution>,<institution>Ottawa Hospital Research Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff120"><label>120</label><institution content-type="department">Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research</institution>,<institution>Australian Catholic University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff121"><label>121</label><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Hong Kong</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hong Kong</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff122"><label>122</label><institution content-type="department">Institute of Applied Health Research</institution>,<institution>University of Birmingham</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff123"><label>123</label><institution>Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Brain and Spine Specialists</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff124"><label>124</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Toronto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Toronto</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff125"><label>125</label><institution>Department of Public Health, Texila American University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Georgetown</addr-line>,<country>Guyana</country></aff><aff id="aff126"><label>126</label><institution content-type="department">2nd Department of Ophthalmology</institution>,<institution>University of Athens</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Haidari</addr-line>,<country>Greece</country></aff><aff id="aff127"><label>127</label><institution>Ophthalmology Independent Consultant</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Athens</addr-line>,<country>Greece</country></aff><aff id="aff128"><label>128</label><institution content-type="department">Pediatrics Department</institution>,<institution>Harvard University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff129"><label>129</label><institution content-type="department">Neonatology Department</institution>,<institution>Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff130"><label>130</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff131"><label>131</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Science</institution>,<institution>Seoul National University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seoul</addr-line>,<country>South Korea</country></aff><aff id="aff132"><label>132</label><institution content-type="department">Maternal and Child Health Division</institution>,<institution>International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dhaka</addr-line>,<country>Bangladesh</country></aff><aff id="aff133"><label>133</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>University of South Carolina</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Columbia</addr-line>,<country>SC, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff134"><label>134</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Pulmonary Medicine</institution>,<institution>Christian Medical College and Hospital (CMC)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Vellore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff135"><label>135</label><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Biology</institution>,<institution>Hanoi National University of Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hanoi</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></aff><aff id="aff136"><label>136</label><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Monash University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff137"><label>137</label><institution content-type="department">Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto - Serviço de Oftalmologia</institution>,<institution>University of Porto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Porto</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></aff><aff id="aff138"><label>138</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Environmental Health</institution>,<institution>Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dammam</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></aff><aff id="aff139"><label>139</label><institution content-type="department">Toxoplasmosis Research Center</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff140"><label>140</label><institution>Population and Development, Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales Mexico</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mexico City, Mexico</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff141"><label>141</label><institution content-type="department">Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention</institution>,<institution>Griffith University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mount Gravatt</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Queensland</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff142"><label>142</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences</institution>,<institution>Bahir Dar University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bahir Dar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff143"><label>143</label><institution content-type="department">School of Pharmacy</institution>,<institution>Aksum University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Aksum</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff144"><label>144</label><institution>Addis Ababa University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Addis Ababa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff145"><label>145</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Global Health and Infection</institution>,<institution>Brighton and Sussex Medical School</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Brighton</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff146"><label>146</label><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Addis Ababa University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Addis Ababa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff147"><label>147</label><institution content-type="department">Division of Cardiology</institution>,<institution>Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Decatur</addr-line>,<country>GA, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff148"><label>148</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Shiraz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Shiraz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff149"><label>149</label><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Pharmacy</institution>,<institution>University of Porto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Porto</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></aff><aff id="aff150"><label>150</label><institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff151"><label>151</label><institution content-type="department">Center of Excellence in Public Health Nutrition</institution>,<institution>Nguyen Tat Thanh University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ho Chi Minh City</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></aff><aff id="aff152"><label>152</label><institution content-type="department">School of Health and Biomedical Sciences</institution>,<institution>Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bundoora</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff153"><label>153</label><institution content-type="department">Sydney School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Sydney</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff154"><label>154</label><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Belgrade</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Belgrade</addr-line>,<country>Serbia</country></aff><aff id="aff155"><label>155</label><institution>Public Health Department, Hawassa University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hawassa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff156"><label>156</label><institution>Curtin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Perth</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Western Australia</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff157"><label>157</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Global Health and Social Medicine</institution>,<institution>Harvard University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff158"><label>158</label><institution>Department of Social Services, Tufts Medical Center</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff159"><label>159</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Statistics</institution>,<institution>Debre Markos University, Debre Markos</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff160"><label>160</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Karolinska Institutet</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Stockholm</addr-line>,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="aff161"><label>161</label><institution content-type="department">World Health Programme</institution>,<institution>Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rouyn-Noranda</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Quebec</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff162"><label>162</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Pathology</institution>,<institution>Stavanger University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Stavanger, Norway</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff163"><label>163</label><institution>Norwegian Institute of Public Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Oslo, Norway</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff164"><label>164</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Clinical Pathology</institution>,<institution>Mansoura University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mansoura</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></aff><aff id="aff165"><label>165</label><institution content-type="department">Multiple Sclerosis Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff166"><label>166</label><institution content-type="department">Epidemiology and Population Health</institution>,<institution>York University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Vancouver</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">British Columbia</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff167"><label>167</label><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Simon Fraser University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Burnaby</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">British Columbia</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff168"><label>168</label><institution content-type="department">Biology Department</institution>,<institution>Salahaddin University-Erbil</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Erbil</addr-line>,<country>Iraq</country></aff><aff id="aff169"><label>169</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani"</institution>,<institution>University of Pavia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Pavia</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></aff><aff id="aff170"><label>170</label><institution>Department of Psychology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao</institution>,<country>Brazil</country></aff><aff id="aff171"><label>171</label><institution content-type="department">Non-communicable Diseases Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff172"><label>172</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Neurobiology</institution>,<institution>Karolinska Institutet</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Stockholm</addr-line>,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="aff173"><label>173</label><institution content-type="department">Division of Neurology</institution>,<institution>University of Ottawa</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff174"><label>174</label><institution content-type="department">REQUIMTE/LAQV</institution>,<institution>University of Porto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Porto</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></aff><aff id="aff175"><label>175</label><institution content-type="department">Research Centre on Public Health (CESP)</institution>,<institution>University of Milan Bicocca</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Monza</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></aff><aff id="aff176"><label>176</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Population Medicine and Health Services Research</institution>,<institution>Bielefeld University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bielefeld</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="aff177"><label>177</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Child Dental Health</institution>,<institution>Obafemi Awolowo University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ile-Ife</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></aff><aff id="aff178"><label>178</label><institution>Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></aff><aff id="aff179"><label>179</label><institution content-type="department">Abadan School of Medical Sciences</institution>,<institution>Abadan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Abadan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff180"><label>180</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care</institution>,<institution>University of the Witwatersrand</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Johannesburg</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></aff><aff id="aff181"><label>181</label><institution content-type="department">College of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Medical and Veterinary Science, James Cook University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Douglas</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Queensland</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff182"><label>182</label><institution>Royal Life Saving Society</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff183"><label>183</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Dermatology</institution>,<institution>Kobe University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kobe</addr-line>,<country>Japan</country></aff><aff id="aff184"><label>184</label><institution content-type="department">Gene Expression & Regulation Program</institution>,<institution>The Wistar Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Philadelphia</addr-line>,<country>PA, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff185"><label>185</label><institution>Public Health Department, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff186"><label>186</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing and Midwifery</institution>,<institution>Addis Ababa University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Addis Ababa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff187"><label>187</label><institution content-type="department">Pharmacy Department</institution>,<institution>Mekelle University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mekelle</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff188"><label>188</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing</institution>,<institution>Aksum University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Aksum</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff189"><label>189</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing</institution>,<institution>Mekelle University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mekelle</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff190"><label>190</label><institution>Public Health, Haramaya University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Harar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff191"><label>191</label><institution>Bahir Dar University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bahir Dar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff192"><label>192</label><institution>Haramaya University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dire Dawa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff193"><label>193</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacy</institution>,<institution>Wollo University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dessie</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff194"><label>194</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing</institution>,<institution>Arba Minch University, Arba Minch</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff195"><label>195</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Medical Surgery</institution>,<institution>Tabriz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tabriz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff196"><label>196</label><institution content-type="department">Occupational Health Department</institution>,<institution>Arak University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Arak</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff197"><label>197</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing and Midwifery</institution>,<institution>Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sanandaj</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff198"><label>198</label><institution content-type="department">Science and Research Branch</institution>,<institution>Islamic Azad University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff199"><label>199</label><institution content-type="department">Young Researchers and Elite Club</institution>,<institution>Islamic Azad University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rasht</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff200"><label>200</label><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Allied Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>The University of Lahore</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lahore</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></aff><aff id="aff201"><label>201</label><institution content-type="department">Chairman BOG</institution>,<institution>Afro-Asian Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lahore</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></aff><aff id="aff202"><label>202</label><institution content-type="department">Adelaide Medical School</institution>,<institution>University of Adelaide</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Adelaide</addr-line>,<country>SA, Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff203"><label>203</label><institution content-type="department">Nursing and Midwifery Department</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff204"><label>204</label><institution>Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo</institution>,<country>Brazil</country></aff><aff id="aff205"><label>205</label><institution>Internal Medicine Department, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo</institution>,<country>Brazil</country></aff><aff id="aff206"><label>206</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Dermatology</institution>,<institution>Boston University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff207"><label>207</label><institution>Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Al Ain</addr-line>,<country>United Arab Emirates</country></aff><aff id="aff208"><label>208</label><institution content-type="department">Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública</institution>,<institution>Federal University of Goias</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Goiânia</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></aff><aff id="aff209"><label>209</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Zhengzhou University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Zhengzhou</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff210"><label>210</label><institution content-type="department">Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD)</institution>,<institution>World Health Organization (WHO)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff211"><label>211</label><institution>Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rotterdam</addr-line>,<country>Netherlands</country></aff><aff id="aff212"><label>212</label><institution content-type="department">Global and Community Mental Health Research Group</institution>,<institution>University of Macau</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Macao</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff213"><label>213</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Family and Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Arabian Gulf University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Manama</addr-line>,<country>Bahrain</country></aff><aff id="aff214"><label>214</label><institution content-type="department">School of Health and Environmental Studies</institution>,<institution>Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dubai</addr-line>,<country>United Arab Emirates</country></aff><aff id="aff215"><label>215</label><institution>Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="aff216"><label>216</label><institution content-type="department">Research and Development Unit</institution>,<institution>San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sant Boi de Llobregat</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="aff217"><label>217</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Microbiology</institution>,<institution>Maragheh University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Maragheh</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff218"><label>218</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Microbiology</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff219"><label>219</label><institution content-type="department">Centre for International Health and Section for Ethics and Health Economics</institution>,<institution>University of Bergen</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bergen, Norway</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff220"><label>220</label><institution content-type="department">Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center</institution>,<institution>Guilan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rasht</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff221"><label>221</label><institution>Guilan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Rasht</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff222"><label>222</label><institution content-type="department">School of Nursing and Midwifery</institution>,<institution>Tabriz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tabriz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff223"><label>223</label><institution>Independent Consultant</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tabriz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff224"><label>224</label><institution>Department of Public Health, Mizan-Tepi University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tepi</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff225"><label>225</label><institution content-type="department">Unit of Epidemiology and Social Medicine</institution>,<institution>University Hospital Antwerp</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wilrijk</addr-line>,<country>Belgium</country></aff><aff id="aff226"><label>226</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Clinical Sciences</institution>,<institution>Karolinska University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Stockholm</addr-line>,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="aff227"><label>227</label><institution content-type="department">Medical Biology Research Center</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff228"><label>228</label><institution>Research Coordination, AC Environments Foundation</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cuernavaca, Mexico</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff229"><label>229</label><institution content-type="department">CISS</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca. Mexico</institution></aff><aff id="aff230"><label>230</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Urban Planning and Design</institution>,<institution>University of Hong Kong</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hong Kong</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff231"><label>231</label><institution content-type="department">Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine</institution>,<institution>Nguyen Tat Thanh University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ho Chi Minh City</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></aff><aff id="aff232"><label>232</label><institution>Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, University of Texas Austin</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Austin, TX, USA</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff233"><label>233</label><institution>Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Manipal</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff234"><label>234</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics</institution>,<institution>Dhaka Medical College</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dhaka</addr-line>,<country>Bangladesh</country></aff><aff id="aff235"><label>235</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacology</institution>,<institution>Bangladesh Industrial Gases Limited</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tangail</addr-line>,<country>Bangladesh</country></aff><aff id="aff236"><label>236</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Computer Engineering</institution>,<institution>Islamic Azad University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff237"><label>237</label><institution>Computer Science Department, University of Human Development</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sulaymaniyah</addr-line>,<country>Iraq</country></aff><aff id="aff238"><label>238</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics</institution>,<institution>Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></aff><aff id="aff239"><label>239</label><institution content-type="department">Clinical Legal Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></aff><aff id="aff240"><label>240</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics</institution>,<institution>Central South University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Changsha</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff241"><label>241</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Promotion and Education</institution>,<institution>University of Ibadan</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ibadan</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></aff><aff id="aff242"><label>242</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Ibadan</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ibadan</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></aff><aff id="aff243"><label>243</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Family Medicine</institution>,<institution>Bangalore Baptist Hospital, Bangalore</institution>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff244"><label>244</label><institution>Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff245"><label>245</label><institution content-type="department">School of Psychology and Public Health</institution>,<institution>La Trobe University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bundoora, Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff246"><label>246</label><institution content-type="department">Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition</institution>,<institution>Deakin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Burwood</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff247"><label>247</label><institution content-type="department">Sydney Medical School</institution>,<institution>University of Sydney</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff248"><label>248</label><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health and Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of New South Wales</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff249"><label>249</label><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Babol University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Babol</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff250"><label>250</label><institution content-type="department">Department for Health Care and Public Health</institution>,<institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></aff><aff id="aff251"><label>251</label><institution content-type="department">Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff252"><label>252</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Surgery</institution>,<institution>Virginia Commonwealth University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Richmond</addr-line>,<country>VA, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff253"><label>253</label><institution>Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Colombo</addr-line>,<country>Sri Lanka</country></aff><aff id="aff254"><label>254</label><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Graduate Studies</institution>,<institution>University of Colombo</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Colombo</addr-line>,<country>Sri Lanka</country></aff><aff id="aff255"><label>255</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Banaras Hindu University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Varanasi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff256"><label>256</label><institution content-type="department">Health Promotion and Education</institution>,<institution>University of Ibadan</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ibadan</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></aff><aff id="aff257"><label>257</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Ophthalmology</institution>,<institution>Heidelberg University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mannheim</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="aff258"><label>258</label><institution content-type="department">Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory</institution>,<institution>Beijing Tongren Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Beijing</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff259"><label>259</label><institution>Auckland University of Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Auckland</addr-line>,<country>New Zealand</country></aff><aff id="aff260"><label>260</label><institution content-type="department">Community Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>Manipal Academy of Higher Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mangalore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff261"><label>261</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Family Medicine and Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Opole</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Opole</addr-line>,<country>Poland</country></aff><aff id="aff262"><label>262</label><institution content-type="department">School of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Savitribai Phule Pune University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Pune</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff263"><label>263</label><institution content-type="department">Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Tartu</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tartu</addr-line>,<country>Estonia</country></aff><aff id="aff264"><label>264</label><institution content-type="department">Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff265"><label>265</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Medical Informatics</institution>,<institution>Tabriz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tabriz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff266"><label>266</label><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Qazvin</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff267"><label>267</label><institution content-type="department">Health Services Management Department</institution>,<institution>Qazvin University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Qazvin</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff268"><label>268</label><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Department of Health informatics and Health Innovation, A.C.S. Medical College and Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mekelle</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff269"><label>269</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology</institution>,<institution>All India Institute of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jodhpur</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff270"><label>270</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Hamadan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamadan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff271"><label>271</label><institution content-type="department">Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff272"><label>272</label><institution content-type="department">Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff273"><label>273</label><institution>Department of Applied Physics, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin Voivodeship</institution>,<country>Poland</country></aff><aff id="aff274"><label>274</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Biology and Chemistry</institution>,<institution>Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Drohobych</addr-line>,<country>Ukraine</country></aff><aff id="aff275"><label>275</label><institution content-type="department">International Research Center of Excellence</institution>,<institution>Institute of Human Virology Nigeria</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Abuja</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></aff><aff id="aff276"><label>276</label><institution content-type="department">Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care</institution>,<institution>Utrecht University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Utrecht</addr-line>,<country>Netherlands</country></aff><aff id="aff277"><label>277</label><institution content-type="department">Open</institution>,<institution>Distance and eLearning Campus, University of Nairobi</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Nairobi</addr-line>,<country>Kenya</country></aff><aff id="aff278"><label>278</label><institution>Department of Dermatology, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff279"><label>279</label><institution>Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Irbid</addr-line>,<country>Jordan</country></aff><aff id="aff280"><label>280</label><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ahvaz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff281"><label>281</label><institution content-type="department">School of Food and Agricultural Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Management and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lahore</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></aff><aff id="aff282"><label>282</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Global Health</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff283"><label>283</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Physiology</institution>,<institution>Baku State University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Baku</addr-line>,<country>Azerbaijan</country></aff><aff id="aff284"><label>284</label><institution content-type="department">Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Faculty of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jazan</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></aff><aff id="aff285"><label>285</label><institution content-type="department">Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department</institution>,<institution>Health Services Academy</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Islamabad</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></aff><aff id="aff286"><label>286</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Population Studies</institution>,<institution>International Institute for Population Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mumbai</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff287"><label>287</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Research</institution>,<institution>Indian Council of Medical Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff288"><label>288</label><institution content-type="department">Centre for Ethics</institution>,<institution>Jawahar Lal Nehru University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff289"><label>289</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff290"><label>290</label><institution content-type="department">Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences</institution>,<institution>Oxford University Global Surgery Group, University of Oxford</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Oxford</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff291"><label>291</label><institution content-type="department">Research and Data Solutions</institution>,<institution>Synotech Consultant</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Nairobi</addr-line>,<country>Kenya</country></aff><aff id="aff292"><label>292</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Korea University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seoul</addr-line>,<country>South Korea</country></aff><aff id="aff293"><label>293</label><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Xiamen University Malaysia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sepang</addr-line>,<country>Malaysia</country></aff><aff id="aff294"><label>294</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Northeastern University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff295"><label>295</label><institution>Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Oslo, Norway</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff296"><label>296</label><institution>School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Oslo, Norway</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff297"><label>297</label><institution content-type="department">Neurophysiology Research Center</institution>,<institution>Hamadan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamadan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff298"><label>298</label><institution content-type="department">Brain Engineering Research Center</institution>,<institution>Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff299"><label>299</label><institution content-type="department">Public Health Dentistry Department</institution>,<institution>Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed to be University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Karad</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff300"><label>300</label><institution content-type="department">Environmental Health Engineering</institution>,<institution>Arak University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Arak</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff301"><label>301</label><institution content-type="department">CIBERSAM</institution>,<institution>San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sant Boi de Llobregat</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="aff302"><label>302</label><institution>Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Barcelona</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="aff303"><label>303</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Zoology</institution>,<institution>University of Oxford</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Oxford</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff304"><label>304</label><institution>Harvard Medical School, Harvard University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff305"><label>305</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Anthropology</institution>,<institution>Panjab University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Chandigarh</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff306"><label>306</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Demography</institution>,<institution>University of Montreal</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Montreal</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Quebec</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff307"><label>307</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Social and Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Montreal</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Montreal</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Quebec</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff308"><label>308</label><institution>Department of Public Health, Yuksek Ihtisas University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ankara</addr-line>,<country>Turkey</country></aff><aff id="aff309"><label>309</label><institution>Department of Public Health, Hacettepe University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ankara</addr-line>,<country>Turkey</country></aff><aff id="aff310"><label>310</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Family and Community Health</institution>,<institution>University of Health and Allied Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ho</addr-line>,<country>Ghana</country></aff><aff id="aff311"><label>311</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychology and Health Promotion</institution>,<institution>University of KwaZulu-Natal</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Durban</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></aff><aff id="aff312"><label>312</label><institution content-type="department">Community Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mangalore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff313"><label>313</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>University of Nairobi</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Nairobi</addr-line>,<country>Kenya</country></aff><aff id="aff314"><label>314</label><institution content-type="department">Division of Psychology and Language Sciences</institution>,<institution>University College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff315"><label>315</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital</institution>,<institution>Harvard University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff316"><label>316</label><institution content-type="department">Orthopaedics Department</institution>,<institution>Base Hospital Lucknow Cantt</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lucknow</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff317"><label>317</label><institution content-type="department">Mechanical and Industrial Engineering</institution>,<institution>Indian Institute of Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Roorkee</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff318"><label>318</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Community and Family Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Baghdad</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Baghdad</addr-line>,<country>Iraq</country></aff><aff id="aff319"><label>319</label><institution>HelpMeSee</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New York, NY, USA</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff320"><label>320</label><institution>International Relations, Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology, Queretaro</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mexico</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff321"><label>321</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT)</institution>,<institution>Father Muller Medical College</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mangalore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff322"><label>322</label><institution>Department of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Maragheh</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff323"><label>323</label><institution content-type="department">Institute of Clinical Physiology</institution>,<institution>National Research Council</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Pisa</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></aff><aff id="aff324"><label>324</label><institution content-type="department">Clinical Medicine and Community Health</institution>,<institution>University of Milan</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Milano</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></aff><aff id="aff325"><label>325</label><institution content-type="department">College of Optometry</institution>,<institution>Nova Southeastern University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff326"><label>326</label><institution content-type="department">School of Pharmacy</institution>,<institution>Monash University, Bandar Sunway</institution>,<country>Malaysia</country></aff><aff id="aff327"><label>327</label><institution content-type="department">School of Pharmacy</institution>,<institution>Taylor’s University Lakeside Campus</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Subang Jaya</addr-line>,<country>Malaysia</country></aff><aff id="aff328"><label>328</label><institution>Department of Systems, Populations and Leadership, University of Michigan</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ann Arbor, MI, USA</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff329"><label>329</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Washington</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff330"><label>330</label><institution>Department of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo</institution>,<country>Brazil</country></aff><aff id="aff331"><label>331</label><institution content-type="department">Health Data Research UK</institution>,<institution>Swansea University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Swansea</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff332"><label>332</label><institution content-type="department">Center for Integration of Data and Health Knowledge</institution>,<institution>FIOCRUZ: Cidacs Center for Integration of Data and Health Knowledge</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Salvador</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></aff><aff id="aff333"><label>333</label><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health</institution>,<institution>London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">England</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff334"><label>334</label><institution content-type="department">Pathology Department</institution>,<institution>College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dammam</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></aff><aff id="aff335"><label>335</label><institution content-type="department">Ophthalmology Department</institution>,<institution>Aswan Faculty of Medicine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Aswan</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></aff><aff id="aff336"><label>336</label><institution>Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kathmandu</addr-line>,<country>Nepal</country></aff><aff id="aff337"><label>337</label><institution>Department of Public Health, Trnava University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Trnava</addr-line>,<country>Slovakia</country></aff><aff id="aff338"><label>338</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Primary Care and Public Health</institution>,<institution>Imperial College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff339"><label>339</label><institution content-type="department">Health Education and Research Department</institution>,<institution>SDM College of Medical Sciences & Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dharwad</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff340"><label>340</label><institution content-type="department">Health University</institution>,<institution>Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore</institution>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff341"><label>341</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health</institution>,<institution>Federal University of Minas Gerais</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></aff><aff id="aff342"><label>342</label><institution content-type="department">Ophthalmology Department</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff343"><label>343</label><institution content-type="department">Ophthalmology Department</institution>,<institution>University of Manitoba</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Winnipeg</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Manitoba</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff344"><label>344</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Surgery</institution>,<institution>University of Virginia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Charlottesville</addr-line>,<country>VA, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff345"><label>345</label><institution content-type="department">Surgery Department</institution>,<institution>Emergency University Hospital Bucharest</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></aff><aff id="aff346"><label>346</label><institution content-type="department">Psychiatry Department</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bengaluru</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff347"><label>347</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff348"><label>348</label><institution content-type="department">Institute for Social Science Research</institution>,<institution>The University of Queensland</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Brisbane</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Queensland</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff349"><label>349</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of York</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">York</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff350"><label>350</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Midwifery-Reproductive Health</institution>,<institution>Hamadan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamadan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff351"><label>351</label><institution content-type="department">Research Department</institution>,<institution>The George Institute for Global Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff352"><label>352</label><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of New South Wales</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff353"><label>353</label><institution content-type="department">Neurology Department</institution>,<institution>Janakpuri Super Specialty Hospital Society</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff354"><label>354</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Neurology</institution>,<institution>Govind Ballabh Institute of Medical Education and Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff355"><label>355</label><institution content-type="department">Division of Epidemiology and Prevention</institution>,<institution>Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Baltimore</addr-line>,<country>MD, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff356"><label>356</label><institution>Peru Country Office, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lima, Peru</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff357"><label>357</label><institution content-type="department">Forensic Medicine Division</institution>,<institution>Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dammam</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></aff><aff id="aff358"><label>358</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Haramaya University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Harar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff359"><label>359</label><institution content-type="department">Breast Surgery Unit</institution>,<institution>Helsinki University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Helsinki</addr-line>,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="aff360"><label>360</label><institution>University of Helsinki</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Helsinki</addr-line>,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="aff361"><label>361</label><institution content-type="department">Neurocenter</institution>,<institution>Helsinki University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Helsinki</addr-line>,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="aff362"><label>362</label><institution content-type="department">School of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Melbourne</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Parkville</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff363"><label>363</label><institution content-type="department">Statistics Department</institution>,<institution>Debre Markos University, Debre Markos</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff364"><label>364</label><institution content-type="department">Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit</institution>,<institution>Zora Profozic Polyclinic</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Zagreb</addr-line>,<country>Croatia</country></aff><aff id="aff365"><label>365</label><institution content-type="department">University Centre Varazdin</institution>,<institution>University North</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Varazdin</addr-line>,<country>Croatia</country></aff><aff id="aff366"><label>366</label><institution content-type="department">Center for Innovation in Medical Education</institution>,<institution>Pomeranian Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Szczecin</addr-line>,<country>Poland</country></aff><aff id="aff367"><label>367</label><institution>Pomeranian Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Szczecin</addr-line>,<country>Poland</country></aff><aff id="aff368"><label>368</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases & Arterial Hypertension</institution>,<institution>Pomeranian Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Szczecin</addr-line>,<country>Poland</country></aff><aff id="aff369"><label>369</label><institution>Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Calverton</addr-line>,<country>MD, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff370"><label>370</label><institution content-type="department">Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies</institution>,<institution>Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Trivandrum</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff371"><label>371</label><institution content-type="department">Global Institute of Public Health (GIPH)</institution>,<institution>Ananthapuri Hospitals and Research Centre</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Trivandrum</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff372"><label>372</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Statistics and Econometrics</institution>,<institution>Bucharest University of Economic Studies</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></aff><aff id="aff373"><label>373</label><institution content-type="department">President’s Office</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Statistics</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></aff><aff id="aff374"><label>374</label><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Internal Medicine</institution>,<institution>Kyrgyz State Medical Academy</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bishkek</addr-line>,<country>Kyrgyzstan</country></aff><aff id="aff375"><label>375</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease</institution>,<institution>National Center of Cardiology and Internal Disease</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bishkek</addr-line>,<country>Kyrgyzstan</country></aff><aff id="aff376"><label>376</label><institution content-type="department">Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH)</institution>,<institution>Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Heidelberg</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="aff377"><label>377</label><institution content-type="department">Institute of Addiction Research (ISFF)</institution>,<institution>Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Frankfurt</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="aff378"><label>378</label><institution>Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tabriz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff379"><label>379</label><institution content-type="department">Molecular Medicine Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tabriz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tabriz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff380"><label>380</label><institution content-type="department">Health Equity Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff381"><label>381</label><institution content-type="department">Internal Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>King Saud University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></aff><aff id="aff382"><label>382</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Information Technology</institution>,<institution>University of Human Development</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sulaymaniyah</addr-line>,<country>Iraq</country></aff><aff id="aff383"><label>383</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences</institution><addr-line content-type="city">Shahrekord</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff384"><label>384</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing</institution>,<institution>Shahroud University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Shahroud</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff385"><label>385</label><institution content-type="department">Health Systems and Policy Research Unit</institution>,<institution>Ahmadu Bello University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Zaria</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></aff><aff id="aff386"><label>386</label><institution>Department of Public Health, Samara University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Samara</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff387"><label>387</label><institution content-type="department">Iran National Institute of Health Research</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff388"><label>388</label><institution content-type="department">Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center</institution>,<institution>University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff389"><label>389</label><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine</institution>,<institution>King’s College London</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff390"><label>390</label><institution content-type="department">Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit</institution>,<institution>Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Trieste</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></aff><aff id="aff391"><label>391</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of KwaZulu-Natal</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Durban</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></aff><aff id="aff392"><label>392</label><institution content-type="department">Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff393"><label>393</label><institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff394"><label>394</label><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sanandaj</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff395"><label>395</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sanandaj</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff396"><label>396</label><institution content-type="department">Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff397"><label>397</label><institution content-type="department">International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health</institution>,<institution>Queensland University of Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Brisbane</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Queensland</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff398"><label>398</label><institution>Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Panama City</addr-line>,<country>Panama</country></aff><aff id="aff399"><label>399</label><institution>Department of Psychiatry, Badhir Dar University</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff400"><label>400</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>University of Gondar</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Gondar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff401"><label>401</label><institution>School of Medical Sciences, Science University of Malaysia, Kubang Kerian</institution>,<country>Malaysia</country></aff><aff id="aff402"><label>402</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Pediatric Medicine</institution>,<institution>Nishtar Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Multan</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></aff><aff id="aff403"><label>403</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Pulmonology</institution>,<institution>Institute of Mother & Child Care</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Multan</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></aff><aff id="aff404"><label>404</label><institution content-type="department">Clinical Research Development Center</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff405"><label>405</label><institution content-type="department">Research and Analytics</institution>,<institution>Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Chennai</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff406"><label>406</label><institution content-type="department">Research and Analytics</institution>,<institution>Bioinsilico Technologies</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Chennai</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff407"><label>407</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<country>AL, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff408"><label>408</label><institution content-type="department">Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization</institution>,<institution>Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dolgoprudny</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></aff><aff id="aff409"><label>409</label><institution content-type="department">Experimental Surgery and Oncology Laboratory</institution>,<institution>Kursk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kursk</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></aff><aff id="aff410"><label>410</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff411"><label>411</label><institution>Suraj Eye Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Nagpur</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff412"><label>412</label><institution content-type="department">Hospital of the Federal University of Minas Gerais</institution>,<institution>Federal University of Minas Gerais</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></aff><aff id="aff413"><label>413</label><institution content-type="department">Mental Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>IUMS</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff414"><label>414</label><institution content-type="department">Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>IUMS</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff415"><label>415</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology</institution>,<institution>Manipal Academy of Higher Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Manipal</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff416"><label>416</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Pediatrics</institution>,<institution>Arak University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Arak</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff417"><label>417</label><institution>Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff418"><label>418</label><institution content-type="department">Cochrane South Africa</institution>,<institution>South African Medical Research Council</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></aff><aff id="aff419"><label>419</label><institution content-type="department">Department of General Surgery</institution>,<institution>Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></aff><aff id="aff420"><label>420</label><institution content-type="department">Department of General Surgery</institution>,<institution>Emergency Hospital of Bucharest</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bucharest</addr-line>,<country>Romania</country></aff><aff id="aff421"><label>421</label><institution>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Embu</addr-line>,<country>Kenya</country></aff><aff id="aff422"><label>422</label><institution content-type="department">Institute for Global Health Innovations</institution>,<institution>Duy Tan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hanoi</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></aff><aff id="aff423"><label>423</label><institution content-type="department">Project of ADB</institution>,<institution>National Institute of Nutrition</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hanoi</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></aff><aff id="aff424"><label>424</label><institution content-type="department">Industrial Management Department</institution>,<institution>Hanoi University of Science and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hanoi</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></aff><aff id="aff425"><label>425</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacology</institution>,<institution>Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff426"><label>426</label><institution>Heidelberg University Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Heidelberg</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="aff427"><label>427</label><institution>Public Health Department, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Kota Semarang</institution>,<country>Indonesia</country></aff><aff id="aff428"><label>428</label><institution content-type="department">Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics</institution>,<institution>Taipei Medical University, Taipei City</institution>,<country>Taiwan</country></aff><aff id="aff429"><label>429</label><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health and Family Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Cape Town</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></aff><aff id="aff430"><label>430</label><institution content-type="department">Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics</institution>,<institution>Monash University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff431"><label>431</label><institution>Independent Consultant</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Accra</addr-line>,<country>Ghana</country></aff><aff id="aff432"><label>432</label><institution content-type="department">UCIBIO</institution>,<institution>University of Porto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Porto</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></aff><aff id="aff433"><label>433</label><institution content-type="department">Reproductive Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ibadan</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ibadan</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></aff><aff id="aff434"><label>434</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Kyung Hee University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dongdaemun-gu</addr-line>,<country>South Korea</country></aff><aff id="aff435"><label>435</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences</institution>,<institution>McMaster University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamilton</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff436"><label>436</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>University of Lagos</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lagos</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></aff><aff id="aff437"><label>437</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine</institution>,<institution>McMaster University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hamilton</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff438"><label>438</label><institution content-type="department">Diplomacy and Public Relations Department</institution>,<institution>University of Human Development</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sulaimaniyah</addr-line>,<country>Iraq</country></aff><aff id="aff439"><label>439</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics</institution>,<institution>University of Nigeria Nsukka</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Enugu</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></aff><aff id="aff440"><label>440</label><institution content-type="department">Applied Research Division</institution>,<institution>Public Health Agency of Canada</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff441"><label>441</label><institution content-type="department">School of Psychology</institution>,<institution>University of Ottawa</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff442"><label>442</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Global Health Nursing</institution>,<institution>St. Luke’s International University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Chuo-ku</addr-line>,<country>Japan</country></aff><aff id="aff443"><label>443</label><institution content-type="department">Academic Department</institution>,<institution>Unium Ltd</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></aff><aff id="aff444"><label>444</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Project Management</institution>,<institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></aff><aff id="aff445"><label>445</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Respiratory Medicine</institution>,<institution>Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Academy of Health Education and Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mysore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff446"><label>446</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Forensic Medicine</institution>,<institution>Manipal Academy of Higher Education</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Manipal</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff447"><label>447</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff448"><label>448</label><institution content-type="department">Parasitology and Mycology Department</institution>,<institution>Shiraz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Shiraz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff449"><label>449</label><institution content-type="department">Augenpraxis Jonas</institution>,<institution>Heidelberg University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Heidelberg</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="aff450"><label>450</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine</institution>,<institution>Kosin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Busan</addr-line>,<country>South Korea</country></aff><aff id="aff451"><label>451</label><institution content-type="department">Research and Evaluation Department</institution>,<institution>Population Council</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New Delhi</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff452"><label>452</label><institution>Indian Institute of Health Management Research University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jaipur</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff453"><label>453</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Pediatircs</institution>,<institution>RD Gardi Medical College</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ujjain</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff454"><label>454</label><institution content-type="department">Public Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Karolinska Institutet</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Stockholm</addr-line>,<country>Sweden</country></aff><aff id="aff455"><label>455</label><institution>Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bhubaneswar</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff456"><label>456</label><institution>Department of Midwifery, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff457"><label>457</label><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health and Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff458"><label>458</label><institution content-type="department">Center for Research and Innovation</institution>,<institution>Ateneo De Manila University, Pasig City</institution>,<country>Philippines</country></aff><aff id="aff459"><label>459</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Orthopedics</institution>,<institution>Yenepoya Medical College</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mangalore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff460"><label>460</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry, Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Columbia University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New York, NY, USA</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff461"><label>461</label><institution>Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Shanghai</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff462"><label>462</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine</institution>,<institution>Sechenon University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></aff><aff id="aff463"><label>463</label><institution content-type="department">School of Population and Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of British Columbia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Vancouver</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">British Columbia</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff464"><label>464</label><institution content-type="department">Digestive Diseases Research Institute</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff465"><label>465</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Nephrology</institution>,<institution>Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lucknow</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff466"><label>466</label><institution content-type="department">Health Sciences Department</institution>,<institution>Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sukoharjo</addr-line>,<country>Indonesia</country></aff><aff id="aff467"><label>467</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Chemistry</institution>,<institution>Sharif University of Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff468"><label>468</label><institution content-type="department">Biomedical Engineering Department</institution>,<institution>Amirkabir University of Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff469"><label>469</label><institution content-type="department">College of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Central Florida</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Orlando, FL, USA</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff470"><label>470</label><institution content-type="department">College of Graduate Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>A.T. Still University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mesa</addr-line>,<country>AZ, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff471"><label>471</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Contech School of Public Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Lahore</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></aff><aff id="aff472"><label>472</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Alberta</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Edmonton</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Alberta</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff473"><label>473</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Immunology</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff474"><label>474</label><institution content-type="department">Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff475"><label>475</label><institution content-type="department">Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center</institution>,<institution>Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ahvaz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff476"><label>476</label><institution content-type="department">Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff477"><label>477</label><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff478"><label>478</label><institution content-type="department">School of Nursing and Healthcare Professions</institution>,<institution>Federation University Australia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Berwick</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff479"><label>479</label><institution content-type="department">School of Nursing and Midwifery</institution>,<institution>La Trobe University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff480"><label>480</label><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Birjand University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birjand</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff481"><label>481</label><institution content-type="department">European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases</institution>,<institution>World Health Organization (WHO)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></aff><aff id="aff482"><label>482</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Oral Pathology</institution>,<institution>Srinivas Institute of Dental Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mangalore</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff483"><label>483</label><institution content-type="department">School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health</institution>,<institution>Tehran Institute of Psychiatry</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff484"><label>484</label><institution content-type="department">Academic Public Health Department</institution>,<institution>Public Health England</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">London</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff485"><label>485</label><institution content-type="department">School of Health</institution>,<institution>Medical and Applied Sciences, CQ University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff486"><label>486</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Computer Science</institution>,<institution>Metropolitan College, Boston University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston, USA</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff487"><label>487</label><institution content-type="department">Neurology Department</institution>,<institution>Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Thiruvananthapuram</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff488"><label>488</label><institution>Brien Holden Vision Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff489"><label>489</label><institution>Organization for the Prevention of Blindness</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Paris</addr-line>,<country>France</country></aff><aff id="aff490"><label>490</label><institution content-type="department">EPIUnit - Public Health Institute University Porto (ISPUP)</institution>,<institution>University of Porto</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Porto</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></aff><aff id="aff491"><label>491</label><institution content-type="department">Surgery Department</institution>,<institution>University of Minnesota</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Minneapolis</addr-line>,<country>MN, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff492"><label>492</label><institution content-type="department">Surgery Department</institution>,<institution>University Teaching Hospital of Kigali</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kigali</addr-line>,<country>Rwanda</country></aff><aff id="aff493"><label>493</label><institution>Research Directorate, Nihon Gakko University, Fernando de la Mora</institution>,<country>Paraguay</country></aff><aff id="aff494"><label>494</label><institution>Research Direction, Universidad Nacional de Caaguazú, Coronel Oviedo</institution>,<country>Paraguay</country></aff><aff id="aff495"><label>495</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Clinical Research</institution>,<institution>Federal University of Uberlândia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Uberlândia</addr-line>,<country>Brazil</country></aff><aff id="aff496"><label>496</label><institution content-type="department">Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology</institution>,<institution>Golestan University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Gorgan</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff497"><label>497</label><institution content-type="department">College of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Sharjah</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sharjah</addr-line>,<country>United Arab Emirates</country></aff><aff id="aff498"><label>498</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies</institution>,<institution>Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff499"><label>499</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Neuroscience</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff500"><label>500</label><institution content-type="department">Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center</institution>,<institution>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff501"><label>501</label><institution content-type="department">Nanobiotechnology Center</institution>,<institution>Soran University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Soran</addr-line>,<country>Iraq</country></aff><aff id="aff502"><label>502</label><institution content-type="department">Public Health and Community Medicine Department</institution>,<institution>Cairo University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Giza</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></aff><aff id="aff503"><label>503</label><institution content-type="department">Urology Department</institution>,<institution>Cairo University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Giza</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></aff><aff id="aff504"><label>504</label><institution content-type="department">Health and Disability Intelligence Group</institution>,<institution>Ministry of Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wellington</addr-line>,<country>New Zealand</country></aff><aff id="aff505"><label>505</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Entomology</institution>,<institution>Ain Shams University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cairo</addr-line>,<country>Egypt</country></aff><aff id="aff506"><label>506</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Surgery</institution>,<institution>Marshall University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Huntington, WV, USA</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff507"><label>507</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Case Western Reserve University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cleveland, OH, USA</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff508"><label>508</label><institution content-type="department">Rheumatology Department</institution>,<institution>University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bristol</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff509"><label>509</label><institution content-type="department">Institute of Bone and Joint Research</institution>,<institution>University of Sydney</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Syndey</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff510"><label>510</label><institution content-type="department">Institute of Social Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Belgrade</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Belgrade</addr-line>,<country>Serbia</country></aff><aff id="aff511"><label>511</label><institution content-type="department">Centre-School of Public Health and Health Management</institution>,<institution>University of Belgrade</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Belgrade</addr-line>,<country>Serbia</country></aff><aff id="aff512"><label>512</label><institution content-type="department">Health Economics</institution>,<institution>Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dhaka</addr-line>,<country>Bangladesh</country></aff><aff id="aff513"><label>513</label><institution content-type="department">Colorectal Research Center</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff514"><label>514</label><institution content-type="department">Surgery Department</institution>,<institution>Hamad Medical Corporation</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Doha</addr-line>,<country>Qatar</country></aff><aff id="aff515"><label>515</label><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Health & Social Sciences</institution>,<institution>Bournemouth University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bournemouth</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff516"><label>516</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Public Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of North Carolina at Charlotte</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Charlotte</addr-line>,<country>NC, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff517"><label>517</label><institution>Education Development Center, Faculty Member of Education Development Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ahvaz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff518"><label>518</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychology</institution>,<institution>University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<country>AL, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff519"><label>519</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>Stellenbosch University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></aff><aff id="aff520"><label>520</label><institution content-type="department">Emergency Department</institution>,<institution>Manian Medical Centre</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Erode</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff521"><label>521</label><institution content-type="department">Microbiology Service</institution>,<institution>National Institutes of Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bethesda</addr-line>,<country>MD, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff522"><label>522</label><institution content-type="department">Center for Biomedical Information Technology</institution>,<institution>Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Shenzhen</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff523"><label>523</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Promotion and Education</institution>,<institution>Alborz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Karaj</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff524"><label>524</label><institution content-type="department">Health Policy Research Center</institution>,<institution>Shiraz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Shiraz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff525"><label>525</label><institution>Independent Consultant</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Karachi</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></aff><aff id="aff526"><label>526</label><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Alborz University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Karaj</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff527"><label>527</label><institution content-type="department">Centre for Medical Informatics</institution>,<institution>University of Edinburgh</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Edinburgh</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff528"><label>528</label><institution content-type="department">Division of General Internal Medicine</institution>,<institution>Harvard University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff529"><label>529</label><institution>National Institute of Infectious Diseases</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tokyo</addr-line>,<country>Japan</country></aff><aff id="aff530"><label>530</label><institution content-type="department">College of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Yonsei University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seodaemun-gu</addr-line>,<country>South Korea</country></aff><aff id="aff531"><label>531</label><institution content-type="department">Division of Cardiology</institution>,<institution>Emory University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Atlanta</addr-line>,<country>GA, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff532"><label>532</label><institution>Finnish Institute of Occupational Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Helsinki</addr-line>,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="aff533"><label>533</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Education & Promotion</institution>,<institution>Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kermanshah</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff534"><label>534</label><institution content-type="department">School of Health</institution>,<institution>University of Technology Sydney</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sydney</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">New South Wales</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff535"><label>535</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychology</institution>,<institution>Reykjavik University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Reykjavik</addr-line>,<country>Iceland</country></aff><aff id="aff536"><label>536</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Health and Behavior Studies</institution>,<institution>Columbia University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">New York, NY, USA</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff537"><label>537</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<country>AL, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff538"><label>538</label><institution content-type="department">Medicine Service</institution>,<institution>US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Birmingham</addr-line>,<country>AL, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff539"><label>539</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Forensic Medicine</institution>,<institution>Kathmandu University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dhulikhel</addr-line>,<country>Nepal</country></aff><aff id="aff540"><label>540</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>School of Preventive Oncology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Patna</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff541"><label>541</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mumbai</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff542"><label>542</label><institution content-type="department">Medical Surgical Nursing Department</institution>,<institution>Urmia University of Medical Science</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Urmia</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff543"><label>543</label><institution>Emergency Nursing Department, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan</institution>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff544"><label>544</label><institution>Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Autonomous University of Madrid</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="aff545"><label>545</label><institution>Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="aff546"><label>546</label><institution>Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff547"><label>547</label><institution>Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull City</institution>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff548"><label>548</label><institution content-type="department">Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics</institution>,<institution>University of Edinburgh</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Edinburgh</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff549"><label>549</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychology</institution>,<institution>Deakin University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff550"><label>550</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Ahmadu Bello University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Zaria</addr-line>,<country>Nigeria</country></aff><aff id="aff551"><label>551</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Criminology</institution>,<institution>Law and Society, University of California Irvine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Irvine</addr-line>,<country>CA, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff552"><label>552</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Valencia</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Valencia</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="aff553"><label>553</label><institution content-type="department">Carlos III Health Institute</institution>,<institution>Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM)</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Madrid</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="aff554"><label>554</label><institution content-type="department">School of Social Work</institution>,<institution>University of Illinois</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Urbana</addr-line>,<country>IL, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff555"><label>555</label><institution>Public Health, Arba Minch College of Health Sciences, Arba Minch</institution>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff556"><label>556</label><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>University of Adelaide</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Adelaide</addr-line>,<country>SA, Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff557"><label>557</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Environmental Health</institution>,<institution>Wollo University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dessie</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff558"><label>558</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Community and Family Medicine</institution>,<institution>Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff559"><label>559</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Pharmacognosy</institution>,<institution>Mekelle University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mekelle</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff560"><label>560</label><institution>Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Gondar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff561"><label>561</label><institution>Department of Public Health, Adigrat University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Adigrat</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff562"><label>562</label><institution content-type="department">Biology Department</institution>,<institution>Moscow State University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></aff><aff id="aff563"><label>563</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing</institution>,<institution>Woldia University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Woldia</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff564"><label>564</label><institution content-type="department">HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center</institution>,<institution>and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Kerman University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kerman</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff565"><label>565</label><institution>Institute of Public Health</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Krakow</addr-line>,<country>Poland</country></aff><aff id="aff566"><label>566</label><institution>The Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Warszawa</addr-line>,<country>Poland</country></aff><aff id="aff567"><label>567</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology</institution>,<institution>University of Auckland</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Auckland</addr-line>,<country>New Zealand</country></aff><aff id="aff568"><label>568</label><institution content-type="department">Clinical Hematology and Toxicology</institution>,<institution>Military Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hanoi</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></aff><aff id="aff569"><label>569</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Economics</institution>,<institution>Hanoi Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hanoi</addr-line>,<country>Vietnam</country></aff><aff id="aff570"><label>570</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</institution>,<institution>Massachusetts General Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Boston</addr-line>,<country>MA, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff571"><label>571</label><institution>Mbarara University of Science and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Mbarara</addr-line>,<country>Uganda</country></aff><aff id="aff572"><label>572</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Crete</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Heraklion</addr-line>,<country>Greece</country></aff><aff id="aff573"><label>573</label><institution content-type="department">Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Nanyang Technological University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Singapore, Singapore</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff574"><label>574</label><institution content-type="department">Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology</institution>,<institution>Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan</institution>,<country>Pakistan</country></aff><aff id="aff575"><label>575</label><institution>TB Culture Laboratory, Mufti Mehmood Memorial Teaching Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan</institution>,<country>Pakistan</country></aff><aff id="aff576"><label>576</label><institution content-type="department">Amity Institute of Biotechnology</institution>,<institution>Amity University Rajasthan</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jaipur</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff577"><label>577</label><institution content-type="department">Division of Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Warwick</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Coventry</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="aff578"><label>578</label><institution>Argentine Society of Medicine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Buenos Aires</addr-line>,<country>Argentina</country></aff><aff id="aff579"><label>579</label><institution>Velez Sarsfield Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Buenos Aires</addr-line>,<country>Argentina</country></aff><aff id="aff580"><label>580</label><institution>UKK Institute</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tampere</addr-line>,<country>Finland</country></aff><aff id="aff581"><label>581</label><institution content-type="department">Psychosocial Injuries Research Center</institution>,<institution>Ilam University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ilam</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff582"><label>582</label><institution>Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Singapore, Singapore</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff583"><label>583</label><institution content-type="department">Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>National University of Singapore</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Singapore, Singapore</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff584"><label>584</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences</institution>,<institution>University of Bologna</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bologna</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></aff><aff id="aff585"><label>585</label><institution content-type="department">Occupational Health Unit</institution>,<institution>Sant’Orsola Malpighi Hospital</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bologna</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></aff><aff id="aff586"><label>586</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Care Administration and Economics</institution>,<institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Moscow</addr-line>,<country>Russia</country></aff><aff id="aff587"><label>587</label><institution>Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Islamabad</addr-line>,<country>Pakistan</country></aff><aff id="aff588"><label>588</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Physical Therapy</institution>,<institution>Naresuan University, Meung District</institution>,<country>Thailand</country></aff><aff id="aff589"><label>589</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Human Anatomy</institution>,<institution>Histology, and Embryology, Bahir Dar University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Bahir Dar</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff590"><label>590</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Nursing</institution>,<institution>Wollo University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Dessie</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff591"><label>591</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Orthopaedics</institution>,<institution>Wenzhou Medical University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wenzhou</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff592"><label>592</label><institution content-type="department">Public Health Science Directorate</institution>,<institution>NHS Health Scotland</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Glasgow</addr-line>,<country>Scotland</country></aff><aff id="aff593"><label>593</label><institution content-type="department">Medical Physics Department</institution>,<institution>Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ahvaz</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff594"><label>594</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Northwestern University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Chicago</addr-line>,<country>IL, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff595"><label>595</label><institution content-type="department">School of International Development and Global Studies</institution>,<institution>University of Ottawa</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ottawa</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff596"><label>596</label><institution content-type="department">Health Services Management Research Center</institution>,<institution>Kerman University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kerman</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff597"><label>597</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Management</institution>,<institution>Policy and Economics, Kerman University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Kerman</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff598"><label>598</label><institution content-type="department">Division of Injury Prevention and Mental Health Improvement</institution>,<institution>National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Beijing</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff599"><label>599</label><institution content-type="department">Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention</institution>,<institution>University of Hong Kong</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hong Kong</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff600"><label>600</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Social Work and Social Administration</institution>,<institution>University of Hong Kong</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Hong Kong</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff601"><label>601</label><institution content-type="department">School of Allied Health Sciences</institution>,<institution>Addis Ababa University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Addis Ababa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><aff id="aff602"><label>602</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Psychopharmacology</institution>,<institution>National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tokyo</addr-line>,<country>Japan</country></aff><aff id="aff603"><label>603</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Sociology</institution>,<institution>Yonsei University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Seoul</addr-line>,<country>South Korea</country></aff><aff id="aff604"><label>604</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Health Policy & Management</institution>,<institution>Jackson State University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Jackson</addr-line>,<country>MS, USA</country></aff><aff id="aff605"><label>605</label><institution content-type="department">School of Medicine</institution>,<institution>Tsinghua University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Beijing</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff606"><label>606</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Environmental Health</institution>,<institution>Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff607"><label>607</label><institution content-type="department">Environmental Health</institution>,<institution>Academy of Medical Science</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Sari</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff608"><label>608</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics</institution>,<institution>Wuhan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wuhan</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff609"><label>609</label><institution content-type="department">Global Health Institute</institution>,<institution>Wuhan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wuhan</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff610"><label>610</label><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health and Management</institution>,<institution>Hubei University of Medicine</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Shiyan</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff611"><label>611</label><institution content-type="department">Social Determinants of Health Research Center</institution>,<institution>Ardabil University of Medical Science</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ardabil</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff612"><label>612</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</institution>,<institution>University Hospital of Setif</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Setif</addr-line>,<country>Algeria</country></aff><aff id="aff613"><label>613</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Medicine</institution>,<institution>School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Melbourne</addr-line>,<addr-line content-type="state">Victoria</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="aff614"><label>614</label><institution content-type="department">Student Research Committee</institution>,<institution>Babol University of Medical Sciences</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Babol</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff615"><label>615</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>Ardabil University of Medical Science</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Ardabil</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff616"><label>616</label><institution content-type="department">Faculty of Medical Sciences</institution>,<institution>Department of Health Education, Tarbiat Modares University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Tehran</addr-line>,<country>Iran</country></aff><aff id="aff617"><label>617</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Preventive Medicine</institution>,<institution>Wuhan University</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wuhan</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff618"><label>618</label><institution content-type="department">School of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Wuhan University of Science and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wuhan</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff619"><label>619</label><institution content-type="department">Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control</institution>,<institution>Wuhan University of Science and Technology</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Wuhan</addr-line>,<country>China</country></aff><aff id="aff620"><label>620</label><institution content-type="department">Indian Institute of Public Health</institution>,<institution>Public Health Foundation of India</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Gurugram</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff621"><label>621</label><institution>Public Health Foundation of India</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Gurugram</addr-line>,<country>India</country></aff><aff id="aff622"><label>622</label><institution content-type="department">Department of Community Medicine</institution>,<institution>University of Peradeniya</institution>,<addr-line content-type="city">Peradeniya</addr-line>,<country>Sri Lanka</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>8</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>Suppl 1</issue><fpage>i125</fpage><lpage>i153</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>29</day><month>11</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>06</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><ali:license_ref start_date="2020-08-24">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref><license-p>This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to copy, redistribute, remix, transform and build upon this work for any purpose, provided the original work is properly cited, a link to the licence is given, and indication of whether changes were made. See: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:href="injuryprev-2019-043531.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Background</title><p>While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>populations/contexts</kwd><kwd>methodology</kwd><kwd>descriptive epidemiology</kwd><kwd>statistical issues</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group id="funding-1"><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="FundRef">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000865</institution-id><institution>Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>OPP1152504</award-id></award-group></funding-group><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>special-feature</meta-name><meta-value>unlocked</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front><body><sec sec-type="intro" id="s1"><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is a comprehensive assessment of population health loss. GBD has expanded in scope since its original release in 1994 (GBD 1990) and was most recently updated in autumn 2018 (GBD 2017).<xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1–7</xref> Each update of the study has provided updated results through the most recent year of data availability as well as increasingly refined detail in terms of locations, age groups and causes. In addition, GBD incorporates new data as well as updated methods for each annual release that represent the expanding complexity of the study. Cumulatively, the increasing volume of data and increasingly sophisticated estimation methods have necessitated near-continual refinements in terms of data processing, statistical modelling, computational storage and processing as well as global collaboration with the over 4000 GBD collaborators in over 140 countries and territories.</p><p>Historically, injuries have formed one of the three broad cause groups in the GBD cause hierarchy alongside the other two main groups of health loss (communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional diseases; non-communicable diseases). Not surprisingly, there is considerable variation in how morbidity and mortality are estimated across different causes in the GBD hierarchy and study design. The methods for estimating morbidity and mortality from injuries have evolved over time through the most recent release of GBD 2017. Historically, there have been certain challenges in injuries burden estimation, some of which have been addressed and updated over time, and some of which remain as methodological challenges to address as population health measurement develops more sophisticated modelling strategies. For example, methodological challenges that have been identified over the past three decades in population health research have included obtaining data in data-sparse, burden-heavy areas of the world, developing adjustments for ill-defined causes of death, separately estimating <italic>cause</italic> of injury from the bodily harm that results from an injury event and adjusting for known biases in data, such as underestimation in sexual violence data.<xref rid="R3" ref-type="bibr">3 8 9</xref> Cumulatively, the global injuries research community has developed a wide array of methodological innovations and advancements to overcome many of these challenges, although undoubtedly the science will continue to advance as higher-quality datasets become available, as modelling methods improve and as computational processing power becomes more accessible to population health research groups around the world.</p><p>Many studies have been published based on different releases of the GBD study, ranging from studies on intentional injuries in the eastern Mediterranean to detailed assessments of traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury disability rates on a global scale.<xref rid="R10" ref-type="bibr">10 11</xref> While this array of published GBD injury studies demonstrates a broad spectrum of expert knowledge on specific injuries or specific geographies or both, it is also critical to recognise that population health is a rapidly evolving, collaborative science that has benefited from near-continual improvements even through the current updates being implemented for GBD 2019. As a result, it should benefit the scientific enterprise to focus on publishing the most updated results with perspective on global, demographic and temporal patterns, and on sharing iterative updates on the current state of the science of GBD injuries burden estimation. The goal of this study is to comprehensively review and report methods used for GBD 2017 and associated publications that have gone through extensive collaborator-review and peer-review processes.</p></sec><sec sec-type="methods" id="s2"><title>METHODS</title><sec id="s2-1"><title>GBD 2017 study</title><p>GBD is predicated on the principle that every case of death and disability in the population should be systematically identified and accounted for in the formulation of global disease and injury burden. On the side of mortality, every death that occurs in the population should have one underlying cause of death which can be assigned to a cause in a mutually exclusive, collectively exhaustive hierarchy of diseases and injuries that can cause death. These data can be used in a method described below to calculate cause-specific mortality rates and years of life lost. For morbidity, every non-fatal case of disease or injury should have an amount of disability assigned for some period of time. These data can be used in a process described below to estimate the incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability. Summing morbidity and mortality from some cause form the burden from that cause, expressed as disability-adjusted life-years (DALY). For causes with known risk factors, some portion of this burden may be explained by exposure to that risk factor. Across causes within some population, it is also a principle of GBD that the sum of all cause-specific deaths should equal all-cause mortality in the population, and that rates of incidence, prevalence, remission and cause-specific mortality can be reconciled with one another such that all death and disability in a population is internally consistent across causes and geographies. As examples, the sum of different types of road injury cases must sum up to overall road injuries, and the sum of deaths from different injuries in a given country must sum up to the estimate of all-injury deaths. The principle of internal consistency extends to populations used in GBD, where every birth, death and net migration must be accounted for in the population estimates which form the denominators of GBD results. While there is immense complexity in the process summarised above, it is important to begin with these core principles which govern the computation processes at the heart of GBD burden estimation. A summarised overview of key GBD 2017 methods is also provided in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SP1">online supplementary appendix 1</xref>.</p><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SP1"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043531.supp1</object-id><label>Supplementary data</label><p><inline-supplementary-material id="SS1" xlink:href="injuryprev-2019-043531supp001.pdf" mime-subtype="pdf" mimetype="application" content-type="local-data"></inline-supplementary-material></p></supplementary-material></sec><sec id="s2-2"><title>GBD study design and hierarchies</title><p>GBD study design, including cause-specific methods, is described in a high level of detail in associated publications.<xref rid="R2" ref-type="bibr">2–7</xref> In addition to the injury-focused methods described in this paper, it is important to define hierarchies used in the GBD study design. In particular, GBD 2017 was built around a location hierarchy where different subnational locations (eg, US states, India states, China provinces) which form a composite of a national location (eg, the USA, India, China). National locations are aggregated to form GBD regions, which are then aggregated to form GBD super regions. These designations affect the modelling structure and utilisation of location random effects, processes which are described in more detail later. The country-level and regional-level GBD location hierarchy used in GBD 2017 is provided in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SP2">online supplementary appendix table 1</xref>. In addition to locations, GBD processes are conducted to produce estimates for every one of 22 age groups, male and female sex and across 28 years from 1990 to 2017 (inclusive). Age-standardised, all-age and combined sex results are also computed for each GBD result. Exceptions exist to the rules above, for example, self-harm is not permitted to occur in the 0–6 days (early neonatal) age group in the GBD age hierarchy. There are no sex restrictions placed on any GBD injury causes, although these restrictions exist for other GBD causes, such as cancers like prostate, cervical and uterine being related to one sex.</p><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SP2"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043531.supp2</object-id><label>Supplementary data</label><p><inline-supplementary-material id="SS2" xlink:href="injuryprev-2019-043531supp002.pdf" mime-subtype="pdf" mimetype="application" content-type="local-data"></inline-supplementary-material></p></supplementary-material></sec><sec id="s2-3"><title>GBD injury classification</title><p>In the GBD cause hierarchy, injuries are part of the first level of the GBD cause hierarchy, which consists of three broad groups: communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional diseases; non-communicable diseases and injuries. Additional levels of the GBD cause hierarchy provide additional detail. The hierarchy of injuries in GBD is provided in <xref rid="T1" ref-type="table">table 1</xref>. The organisation of the hierarchy has implications both in terms of how results are produced and in terms of analytical and processing steps which are discussed in more detail below. Case definitions including International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes used to identify injury deaths and cases are provided in <xref rid="T2" ref-type="table">table 2</xref>.</p><table-wrap id="T1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Global Burden of Disease cause-of-injury hierarchy</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Transport injuries</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unintentional injuries</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm and interpersonal violence</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Forces of nature, conflict and terrorism and executions and police conflict</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Falls</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exposure to forces of nature</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pedestrian road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Drowning</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm by firearm</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Conflict and terrorism</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cyclist road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fire, heat and hot substances</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm by other specified means</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Executions and police conflict</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Motorcyclist road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisonings</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Interpersonal violence</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Motor vehicle road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisoning by carbon monoxide</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Assault by firearm</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisoning by other means</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Assault by sharp object</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other transport injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exposure to mechanical forces</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Assault by other means</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unintentional firearm injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unintentional suffocation</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other exposure to mechanical forces</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Adverse effects of medical treatment</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Animal contact</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Venomous animal contact</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Non-venomous animal contact</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Foreign body</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pulmonary aspiration and foreign body in airway</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Foreign body in eyes</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Foreign body in other body part</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Environmental heat and cold exposure</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other unintentional injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Case definitions for cause of injury in GBD 2017</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Child causes</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ICD codes</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Case definition (fatal)</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Case definition (non-fatal)</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD9</bold>: E950-E959<break></break><bold>ICD10</bold>: X60-X64.9, X66-X84.9, Y87.0</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Deliberate bodily damage inflicted on oneself resulting in death</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Deliberate bodily damage inflicted on oneself with or without intent to kill oneself.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm by firearm</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD9</bold>: E955-E955.9<break></break><bold>ICD10</bold>: X72-X74.9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Deliberate bodily damage inflicted by firearm on oneself resulting in death</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Deliberate bodily damage inflicted on oneself by firearm with or without intent to kill oneself.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm by other specified means</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD9</bold>: E950-E954, E956-E958.0, E958.2-E959<break></break><bold>ICD10</bold>: X60-X64.9, X66-X67.9, X69-X71.9, X75-<break></break>X75.9, X77-X84.9, Y87.0</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Deliberate bodily damage inflicted on oneself resulting in death by means of:*<list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p>Self-poisoning</p></list-item><list-item><p>Medication overdose</p></list-item><list-item><p>Transport incident</p></list-item><list-item><p>Falling from height</p></list-item><list-item><p>Hanging/strangulation</p></list-item></list><break></break>*(not exhaustive)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Deliberate bodily damage inflicted on oneself with or without intent to kill oneself by means of:*<list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p>Self-poisoning</p></list-item><list-item><p>Medication overdose</p></list-item><list-item><p>Transport incident</p></list-item><list-item><p>Falling from height</p></list-item><list-item><p>Hanging/strangulation</p></list-item></list><break></break>*(not exhaustive)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisoning</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD9</bold>: E850.3-E858.99, E862-E869.99, E929.2<break></break><bold>ICD10</bold>: J70.5, X40-X44.9, X47-X49.9, Y10-Y14.9, Y16-Y19.9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Death resulting from accidental exposure to a non-infectious substance which contacts the body or enters into the body via inhalation, ingestion, injection or absorption and causes deranged physiological function of body and/or cellular injury/death.</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unintentional exposure to a non-infectious substance which contacts the body or enters into the body via inhalation, ingestion, injection or absorption and causes deranged physiological function of body and/or cellular injury/death.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisoning by carbon monoxide (CO)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD9</bold>: E862-E862.99, E868-E869.99<break></break><bold>ICD10</bold>: J70.5, X47-X47.9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Death from exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) as identified based on carboxyhemoglobin levels (specified based on smoking status and age) or proximity to a confirmed CO poisoning case.<break></break><break></break></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Non-fatal exposure to CO as identified based on carboxyhemoglobin levels (specified based on smoking status and age) or proximity to a confirmed CO poisoning case.<break></break></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisoning by other means</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD9</bold>: E850.3-E858.99, E866-E866.99<break></break><bold>ICD10</bold>: X40-X44.9, X49-X49.9, Y10-Y14.9, Y16-Y19.9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Death resulting from accidental exposure to a non-infectious substance (other than CO) which contacts the body or enters into the body via inhalation, ingestion, injection or absorption and causes deranged physiological function of body and/or cellular injury/death.</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Accidental exposure to a non-infectious substance (other than CO) which contacts the body or enters into the body via inhalation, ingestion, injection or absorption and causes deranged physiological function of body and/or cellular injury/death.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Animal contact</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD9</bold>: E905-E906.99<break></break><bold>ICD10</bold>: W52.0-W62.9, W64-W64.9, X20-X29.9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Death resulting from unintentionally being attacked, struck, impaled, bitten, stung, crushed, exposed to or stepped on by a non-human animal.</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bodily damage resulting from unintentionally being attacked, butted, impaled, bitten, stung, crushed, exposed to or stepped on by a non-human animal.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Venomous animal contact</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD9</bold>: E905-E905.99<break></break><bold>ICD10</bold>: W52.3, X20-X29.9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Death resulting from unintentionally being bitten by, stung by, or exposed to a non-human venomous animal.</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bodily damage resulting from unintentionally being bitten by, stung by or exposed to a non-human venomous or poisonous animal.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Non-venomous animal contact</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD9</bold>: E905-E906.99<break></break><bold>ICD10</bold>: W52.0-W62.9, W64-W64.9, X20-X29.9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Death resulting from unintentionally being attacked, struck, impaled, crushed, exposed to or stepped on by a non-human animal.</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bodily damage resulting from unintentionally being attacked, struck, impaled, crushed, exposed to or stepped on by a non-human animal.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Falls</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD9</bold>: E880-E886.99, E888-E888.9, E929.3<break></break><bold>ICD10</bold>: W00-W19.9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A sudden movement downwards due to slipping, tripping or other accidental movement which results in a person coming to rest inadvertently on the ground, floor or other lower level, resulting in death.</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A sudden movement downward due to slipping, tripping or other accidental movement which results in a person coming to rest inadvertently on the ground, floor or other lower level, resulting in tissue damage.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Drowning</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD10:</bold> W65-W70.9, W73-W74.9<break></break><bold>ICD9:</bold> E910-E910.99</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Death that occurs as a result of immersion in water or another fluid.</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Non-fatal immersion or submersion in water or another fluid, regardless of whether tissue damage has occurred. The subject can be resuscitated and has not suffered brain death.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fire, heat, and hot substances</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD9:</bold> E890-E899.09, E924-E924.99, E929.4<break></break><bold>ICD10:</bold> X00-X06.9, X08-X19.9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Death due to unintentional exposure to substances of high temperature sufficient to cause tissue damage on exposure, including bodily contact with hot liquid, solid or gas such as cooking stoves, smoke, steam, drinks, machinery, appliances, tools, radiators and objects radiating heat energy.</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unintentional exposure to substances of high temperature sufficient to cause tissue damage on exposure, including bodily contact with hot liquid, solid or gas such as cooking stoves, smoke, steam, drinks, machinery, appliances, tools, radiators and objects radiating heat energy.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD9:</bold> E800.3, E801.3, E802.3, E803.3, E804.3,<break></break>E805.3, E806.3, E807.3, E810.0-E810.6,<break></break>E811.0-E811.7, E812.0-E812.7, E813.0-<break></break>E813.7, E814.0-E814.7, E815.0-E815.7,<break></break>E816.0-E816.7, E817.0-E817.7, E818.0-<break></break>E818.7, E819.0-E819.7, E820.0-E820.6,<break></break>E821.0-E821.6, E822.0-E822.7, E823.0-<break></break>E823.7, E824.0-E824.7, E825.0-E825.7,<break></break>E826.0-E826.1, E826.3-E826.4, E827.0,<break></break>E827.3-E827.4, E828.0, E828.4, E829.0-<break></break>E829.4<break></break><bold>ICD10:</bold> V01-V04.99, V06-V80.929, V82-V82.9,<break></break>V87.2-V87.3</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Interaction with an automobile, motorcycle, pedal cycle or other vehicles resulting in death.</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Interaction with an automobile, motorcycle, pedal cycle or other vehicles resulting in bodily damage.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pedestrian road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD9:</bold> E811.7, E812.7, E813.7, E814.7, E815.7,<break></break>E816.7, E817.7, E818.7, E819.7, E822.7,<break></break>E823.7, E824.7, E825.7, E826.0, E827.0,<break></break>E828.0, E829.0<break></break><bold>ICD10:</bold> V01-V04.99, V06-V09.9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Interaction, as a pedestrian on the road, with an automobile, motorcycle, pedal cycle or other vehicles resulting in death.</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Interaction, as a pedestrian on the road, with an automobile, motorcycle, pedal cycle or other vehicles resulting in bodily damage.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cyclist road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD9:</bold> E800.3, E801.3, E802.3, E803.3, E804.3,<break></break>E805.3, E806.3, E807.3, E810.6, E811.6,<break></break>E812.6, E813.6, E814.6, E815.6, E816.6,<break></break>E817.6, E818.6, E819.6, E820.6, E821.6,<break></break>E822.6, E823.6, E824.6, E825.6, E826.1<break></break><bold>ICD10:</bold> V10-V19.9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Accident, as a cyclist or passenger on a pedal cycle, resulting in death.</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Accident, as a cyclist or passenger on a pedal cycle, resulting in bodily damage.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Motorcyclist road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD9:</bold> E810.2-E810.3, E811.2-E811.3, E812.2-<break></break>E812.3, E813.2-E813.3, E814.2-E814.3,<break></break>E815.2-E815.3, E816.2-E816.3, E817.2-<break></break>E817.3, E818.2-E818.3, E819.2-E819.3,<break></break>E820.2-E820.3, E821.2-E821.3, E822.2-<break></break>E822.3, E823.2-E823.3, E824.2-E824.3,<break></break>E825.2-E825.3<break></break><bold>ICD10:</bold> V20-V29.9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Accident, as a rider on a motorcycle, resulting in death.</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Accident, as a rider on a motorcycle, resulting in bodily damage.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Motor vehicle road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD9:</bold> E810.0-E810.1, E811.0-E811.1, E812.0-<break></break>E812.1, E813.0-E813.1, E814.0-E814.1,<break></break>E815.0-E815.1, E816.0-E816.1, E817.0-<break></break>E817.1, E818.0-E818.1, E819.0-E819.1,<break></break>E820.0-E820.1, E821.0-E821.1, E822.0-<break></break>E822.1, E823.0-E823.1, E824.0-E824.1,<break></break>E825.0-E825.1<break></break><bold>ICD10:</bold> V30-V79.9, V87.2-V87.3</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Accident, as a driver or passenger in a motor vehicle, resulting in death.</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Accident, as a driver or passenger in a motor vehicle, resulting in bodily damage.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD9:</bold> E810.4-E810.5, E811.4-E811.5, E812.4-<break></break>E812.5, E813.4-E813.5, E814.4-E814.5,<break></break>E815.4-E815.5, E816.4-E816.5, E817.4-<break></break>E817.5, E818.4-E818.5, E819.4-E819.5,<break></break>E820.4-E820.5, E821.4-E821.5, E822.4-<break></break>E822.5, E823.4-E823.5, E824.4-E824.5,<break></break>E825.4-E825.5, E826.3-E826.4, E827.3-<break></break>E827.4, E828.4, E829.4<break></break><bold>ICD10:</bold> V80-V80.929, V82-V82.9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Death resulting from being a driver or passenger of a vehicle not including automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles (ie, streetcar).</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bodily damage resulting from being a driver or passenger of a vehicle not including automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles (ie, streetcar).</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other transport injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD9:</bold> E800-E800.2, E801-E801.2, E802-E802.2,<break></break>E803-E803.2, E804-E804.2, E805-E805.2,<break></break>E806-E806.2, E807-E807.2, E810.7,<break></break>E820.7, E821.7, E826.2, E827.2, E828.2,<break></break>E830-E838.9, E840-E849.9, E929.1<break></break><bold>ICD10:</bold> V00-V00.898, V05-V05.99, V81-V81.9,<break></break>V83-V86.99, V88.2-V88.3, V90-V98.8</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Interaction with a means of transport other than automobile, motorcycle, pedal cycle or other road vehicles resulting in death.</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Interaction with a means of transport other than automobile, motorcycle, pedal cycle or other road vehicles resulting in bodily damage.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Interpersonal violence</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD9:</bold> E960-E969<break></break><bold>ICD10:</bold> X85-Y08.9, Y87.1-Y87.2</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Death from intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, from another person or group not including military or police forces.</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sustaining bodily harm in terms of tissue damage from intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, from another person or group not including military or police forces.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Physical violence by firearm</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD9:</bold> E965-E965.4<break></break><bold>ICD10:</bold> X93-X95.9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Death from intentional use of physical force or power by a firearm from another person or group or community not including military or police forces.</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sustaining bodily harm in terms of tissue damage from intentional use of physical force or power by a firearm from another person or group not including military or police forces.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Physical violence by sharp object</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD9:</bold> E966<break></break><bold>ICD10:</bold> X99-X99.9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Death from intentional use of physical force or power by a sharp object from another person or group or community not including military or police forces.</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sustaining bodily harm in terms of tissue damage from intentional use of physical force or power by a sharp object from another person or group not including military or police forces.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sexual violence</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD9:</bold> E960-E960.1<break></break><bold>ICD10:</bold> Y05-Y05.9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NA</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Experiencing at least one event of sexual violence in the last year, where sexual violence is defined as any sexual assault, including both penetrative sexual violence (rape) and non-penetrative sexual violence (other forms of unwanted sexual touching).</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Physical violence by other means</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD9:</bold> E961-E964, E965.5-E965.9, E967-E969<break></break><bold>ICD10:</bold> X85-X92.9, X96-X98.9, Y00-Y04.9, Y06-<break></break>Y08.9, Y87.1-Y87.2</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Death from intentional use of physical force or power by an object other than a firearm or sharp object from another person or group or community not including military or police forces.</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sustaining bodily harm in terms of tissue damage from intentional use of physical force or power by an object other than a firearm or sharp object from another person or group not including military or police forces.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Conflict and terrorism</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD9:</bold> E979-E979.9, E990-E999.1<break></break><bold>ICD10:</bold> U00-U03, Y36-Y38.9, Y89.1</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Death resulting from the instrumental use of violence by people who identify themselves as members of a group—whether this group is transitory or has a more permanent identity—against another group or set of individuals, in order to achieve political, economic or social objectives.</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bodily harm resulting from the instrumental use of violence by people who identify themselves as members of a group—whether this group is transitory or has a more permanent identity—against another group or set of individuals, in order to achieve political, economic or social objectives.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Executions and police conflict</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD9:</bold> E970-E978<break></break><bold>ICD10:</bold> Y35-Y35.93, Y89.0</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">State-sanctioned executions or police-related altercations leading to death.</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">State-sanctioned executions or police-related altercations leading to bodily damage.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exposure to forces of nature</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD9:</bold> E907-E909.9<break></break><bold>ICD10:</bold> X33-X38.9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Death resulting from an unforeseen and often sudden natural event such as a hurricane, earthquake, tsunami or tornado.</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bodily damage resulting from an unforeseen and often sudden natural event such as a hurricane, earthquake, tsunami or tornado.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exposure to mechanical forces</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD9:</bold> E913-E913.19, E916-E922.99, E928.1-<break></break>E928.7<break></break><bold>ICD10:</bold> W20-W38.9, W40-W43.9, W45.0-W45.2,<break></break>W46-W46.2, W49-W52, W75-W76.9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unintentional death resulting from contact with or threat of an (in)animate object, human or plant.</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unintentional bodily damage resulting from contact with or threat of an (in)animate object, human or plant.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unintentional firearm injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD9:</bold> E922-E922.99, E928.7<break></break><bold>ICD10:</bold> W32-W34.9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unintentional death resulting from contact with a firearm.</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unintentional bodily damage resulting from contact with a firearm.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other exposure to mechanical forces</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD9:</bold> E916-E921.99, E928.1-E928.6<break></break><bold>ICD10:</bold> W20-W31.9, W35-W38.9, W40-W43.9,<break></break>W45.0-W45.2, W46-W46.2, W49-W52</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unintentional death resulting from contact with or threat of an (in)animate object (not including a firearm), human or plant.</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unintentional bodily damage resulting from contact with or threat of an (in)animate object (not including a firearm), human or plant.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pulmonary aspiration and foreign body in airway</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD9:</bold> 770.1–770.18, E911-E912.09, E913.8-<break></break>E913.99<break></break><bold>ICD10:</bold> W78-W80.9, W83-W84.9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unintentional death from inhaling, swallowing or aspirating extraneous materials or substance that enters the airway or lungs.</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unintentional bodily damage from inhaling, swallowing or aspirating extraneous materials or substance that enters the airway or lungs.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Foreign body in eyes</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD9:</bold> 360.5–360.69, 374.86, 376.6, E914-<break></break>E914 09<break></break><bold>ICD10:</bold> H02.81-H02.819, H44.6-H44.799</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NA</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unintentional damage from extraneous materials or substance in the orbital structure or eye.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Foreign body in other body part</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ICD9:</bold> 709.4, E915-E915.09<break></break><bold>ICD10:</bold> M60.2-M60.28, W44-W45, W45.3-W45.9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unintentional death from an extraneous material or substance being within the body, not including the airway, lungs or eyes.</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unintentional bodily damage from an extraneous material or substance being within the body, not including the airway, lungs or eyes.</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="T2_FN1"><p>Injuries definition: damage, defined by cellular death, tissue disruption, loss of homeostasis, pain limiting activities of daily living or short-term psychological harm (for cases of sexual violence), inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of a physical force, immersion or exposure, which may include interpersonal or self-inflicted forces.</p></fn><fn id="T2_FN2"><p>GBD, Global Burden of Disease; ICD, International Classification of Diseases.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><p>GBD separates the concept of cause of injury from nature of injury. Cause of injury (eg, road injuries, falls, drowning) have historically been used for assigning cause of death as opposed to the ‘nature’ of injury, which more directly specifies the pathology that resulted in death. For example, an individual who falls, fractures his or her hip, undergoes surgery and then develops hospital-acquired pneumonia and dies while hospitalised would still have a fall as the underlying cause of death, regardless of whether sepsis or some other disease process leads to death more proximally in the chain of events. In this individual, the ‘nature’ of injury would have been specified as a hip fracture, since it is the bodily injury that would dictate the disability this person experiences. Since it is evident that a hip fracture is more disabling than a mild skin abrasion, it is important for measuring non-fatal burden to consider both the cause and the nature in the formulation of complete injury burden. A full list of nature of injury is provided in <xref rid="T3" ref-type="table">table 3</xref>.</p><table-wrap id="T3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>GBD nature of injury</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top" colspan="3" rowspan="1"><bold>Nature of injury</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amputation of lower limbs, bilateral</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fracture of sternum and/or fracture of one or more ribs</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Crush injury</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amputation of upper limbs, bilateral</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fracture of vertebral column</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nerve injury</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amputation of fingers (excluding thumb)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fracture of femur, other than femoral neck</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Injury to eyes</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amputation of lower limb, unilateral</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Minor TBI</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisoning requiring urgent care</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amputation of upper limb, unilateral</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Moderate/severe TBI</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Severe chest injury</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amputation of thumb</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Spinal cord lesion at neck level</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Internal haemorrhage in abdomen and pelvis</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amputation of toe/toes</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Spinal cord lesion below neck level</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect of different environmental factors</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lower airway burns</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Muscle and tendon injuries, including sprains and strains lesser dislocations</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Complications following therapeutic procedures</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Burns, <20% total burned surface area without lower airway burns</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Foreign body in ear</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Multiple fractures, dislocations, crashes, wounds, pains and strains</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Burns, ≥20% total burned surface area or ≥10% burned surface area if head/neck or hands/wrist involved without lower airway burns</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Open wound(s)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fracture of clavicle, scapula or humerus</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Contusion in any part of the body</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fracture of face bones</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Superficial injury of any part of the body</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fracture of foot bones except ankle</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dislocation of hip</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fracture of hand (wrist and other distal part of hand)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dislocation of knee</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fracture of hip</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dislocation of shoulder</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fracture of patella, tibia or fibula or ankle</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Foreign body in respiratory system</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fracture of pelvis</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Foreign body in GI and urogenital system</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fracture of radius and/or ulna</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Drowning and non-fatal submersion</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fracture of skull</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Asphyxiation</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="T3_FN1"><p>GBD, Global Burden of Disease; GI, gastrointestinal; TBI, traumatic brain injury.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></sec><sec id="s2-4"><title>Cause-specific mortality and years of life lost</title><p>As described above, cause-specific mortality is measured for every cause of injury in the GBD cause hierarchy with the exception of foreign body in the ear and sexual violence, which undergo only non-fatal burden estimation (described in more detail below). GBD adheres to five general principles for measuring cause-specific mortality, which are described in more detail elsewhere but are summarised as follows.<xref rid="R12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref> First, GBD 2017 identifies all available data. For injuries, this includes vital registration (VR), vital registration samples, verbal autopsy (VA), police records and mortuary/hospital data. VR is the preferred data source but is not available in every location in the GBD location hierarchy. Prior VA research has demonstrated that VA is more accurate for certain injury causes than it is for certain diseases.<xref rid="R13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref> Police data undergo additional validity checks to ensure that systematic under-reporting does not occur in comparison to VR data, which is described in more detail in a related publication.<xref rid="R6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref> The second general principle relevant to injury mortality estimation is maximising comparability and quality of the dataset. For the purposes of injury mortality estimation, this process is largely focused on (1) ensuring appropriate accounting for different ICD code versions used for cause of death data classification over time, (2) redistribution of ill-defined causes of death (described in more detail elsewhere) and (3) processing VA studies into usable data that map to the GBD cause hierarchy.<xref rid="R8" ref-type="bibr">8 9 12</xref> The third general principle for injury cause of death models in GBD 2017 is to develop a diverse set of plausible models. This process is conducted via the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) framework, which is the standard, peer-reviewed cause of death estimation process used extensively in the GBD study. CODEm generates a large set of possible models based on covariates suggested by the modeller based on expert input and literature review (eg, alcohol for road injuries) and then runs every plausible model, which can range into the thousands per cause. These models can be conducted in both rate space and cause fraction space and use an assortment of combinations among the user-selected covariates (<xref rid="T4" ref-type="table">table 4</xref>). Fourth, the predictive validity of each one of these submodels is tested using test-train holdouts, whereby a specific model is trained on a portion of data and tested on a separate portion to determine out-of-sample predictive validity. Once the submodels are conducted and predictive validity is measured, then an ensemble model is developed out of the submodels. The submodels and the ensemble model are then subject to the fifth principle, which is to choose the best-performing models based on out-of-sample predictive validity. The chosen models may be a single cause model or an ensemble of models. Beyond these processes, which have become automated with expert review in the GBD processing architecture, there is also considerable time required by the analysts, modellers, collaborators and principal investigators who are involved in the GBD study. Such processes also come under expert scrutiny via the GBD Scientific Council and the peer-review process in the annual GBD capstone publications.<xref rid="R2" ref-type="bibr">2–7</xref></p><table-wrap id="T4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 4</label><caption><p>Covariates used in GBD cause of death models</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Cause</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Global or data-rich model</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Sex</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Number of covariates used</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Covariates used</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Transport injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (litres per capita), Education (years per capita), Lag distributed income per capita (I$), Population Density (300–500 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (500–1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Rainfall Quintile 5 (proportion), Vehicles–two+four wheels (per capita), Vehicles–two wheels fraction (proportion), Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Transport injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (litres per capita), Education (years per capita), Lag distributed income per capita (I$), Population Density (300–500 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (500–1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Rainfall Quintile 5 (proportion), Vehicles–two+four wheels (per capita), Vehicles–two wheels fraction (proportion), Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Lag distributed income per capita (I$), Population 15 to 30 (proportion), Population Density (300–500 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (500–1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Vehicles–two+four wheels (per capita), Vehicles–two wheels (per capita), Vehicles - 4 wheels (per capita), Vehicles–two wheels fraction (proportion), Log-transformed summary exposure value (SEV) scalar: Road Inj, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Lag distributed income per capita (I$), Population 15 to 30 (proportion), Population Density (300–500 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (500–1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Vehicles–two+four wheels (per capita), Vehicles–two wheels (per capita), Vehicles - 4 wheels (per capita), Vehicles–two wheels fraction (proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Road Inj, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare access and quality index</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pedestrian road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Population Density (300–500 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (500–1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Rainfall Quintile 5 (proportion), Vehicles–two+four wheels (per capita), Vehicles–two wheels fraction (proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Pedest, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pedestrian road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Population Density (300–500 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (500–1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Rainfall Quintile 5 (proportion), Vehicles–two+four wheels (per capita), Vehicles–two wheels fraction (proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Pedest, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cyclist road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Population Density (300–500 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (500–1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Vehicles–two+four wheels (per capita), Vehicles - two wheels fraction (proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Cyclist, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cyclist road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Population Density (300–500 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (500–1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Vehicles - two+four wheels (per capita), Vehicles–two wheels fraction (proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Cyclist, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Motorcyclist road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Population Density (300–500 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (500–1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Rainfall Quintile 5 (proportion), Vehicles–two wheels (per capita), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Mot Cyc, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Motorcyclist road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Population Density (300–500 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (500–1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Rainfall Quintile 5 (proportion), Vehicles–two wheels (per capita), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Mot Cyc, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Motor vehicle road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Population Density (300–500 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (500–1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Rainfall Quintile 5 (proportion), Vehicles–four wheels (per capita), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Mot Veh, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Motor vehicle road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Population Density (300–500 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (500–1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Rainfall Quintile 5 (proportion), Vehicles–four wheels (per capita), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Mot Veh, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Rainfall Quintile 5 (proportion), Vehicles–two+four wheels (per capita), Vehicles–two wheels fraction (proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Oth Road, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Rainfall Quintile 5 (proportion), Vehicles–two+four wheels (per capita), Vehicles–two wheels fraction (proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Oth Road, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other transport injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Population Density (300–500 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (500–1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Rainfall Quintile 5 (proportion), Vehicles–two+four wheels (per capita), Vehicles–two wheels fraction (proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Oth Trans, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other transport injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Population Density (300–500 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (500–1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Rainfall Quintile 5 (proportion), Vehicles–two+four wheels (per capita), Vehicles–two wheels fraction (proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Oth Trans, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Falls</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Elevation Over 1500 m (proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Falls, Sociodemographic Index, milk adjusted(g), Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Falls</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Elevation Over 1500 m (proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Falls, Sociodemographic Index, milk adjusted(g), Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Drowning</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Coastal Population within 10 km (proportion), Education (years per capita), Landlocked Nation (binary), Elevation Under 100 m (proportion), Rainfall Quintile 1 (proportion), Rainfall Quintile 5 (proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Drown, Sociodemographic Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Drowning</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Coastal Population within 10 km (proportion), Education (years per capita), Landlocked Nation (binary), Elevation Under 100 m (proportion), Rainfall Quintile 1 (proportion), Rainfall Quintile 5 (proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Drown, Sociodemographic Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fire, heat and hot substances</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Tobacco (cigarettes per capita), Education (years per capita), Indoor Air Pollution (All Cooking Fuels), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Fire, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fire, heat and hot substances</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Tobacco (cigarettes per capita), Education (years per capita), Indoor Air Pollution (All Cooking Fuels), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Fire, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisonings</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Education (years per capita), Opium Cultivation (binary), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (under 150 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Poison, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisonings</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Education (years per capita), Opium Cultivation (binary), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (under 150 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Poison, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisoning by carbon monoxide</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Education (years per capita), Lag distributed income per capita (I$), Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisoning by carbon monoxide</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Education (years per capita), Lag distributed income per capita (I$), Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare access and quality index</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisoning by other means</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Education (years per capita), Lag distributed income per capita (I$), Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare access and quality index</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisoning by other means</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Education (years per capita), Lag distributed income per capita (I$), Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare access and quality index</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exposure to mechanical forces</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (under 150 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare access and quality index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exposure to mechanical forces</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (under 150 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare access and quality index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unintentional firearm injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Health System Access (unitless), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (under 150 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Mech Gun, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unintentional firearm injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Health System Access (unitless), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (under 150 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Mech Gun, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other exposure to mechanical forces</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Health System Access (unitless), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (under 150 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Oth Mech, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other exposure to mechanical forces</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Health System Access (unitless), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (under 150 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Oth Mech, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Adverse effects of medical treatment</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lag distributed income per capita (I$), Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Adverse effects of medical treatment</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lag distributed income per capita (I$), Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Animal contact</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Elevation Over 1500 m (proportion), Population 15 to 30 (proportion), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (under 150 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Elevation Under 100 m (proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Animal, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Animal contact</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Elevation Over 1500 m (proportion), Population 15 to 30 (proportion), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (under 150 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Elevation Under 100 m (proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Animal, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Venomous animal contact</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Elevation Over 1500 m (proportion), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (under 150 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Elevation Under 100 m (proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Venom, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Venomous animal contact</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Elevation Over 1500 m (proportion), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (under 150 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Elevation Under 100 m (proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Venom, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Non-venomous animal contact</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Lag distributed income per capita (I$), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Non Ven, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Non-venomous animal contact</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Elevation Over 1500 m (proportion), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (under 150 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Elevation Under 100 m (proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Non Ven, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Non-venomous animal contact</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Elevation Over 1500 m (proportion), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (under 150 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Elevation Under 100 m (proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Non Ven, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Foreign body</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Education (years per capita), Indoor Air Pollution (All Cooking Fuels), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Over 65 (proportion), Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Foreign body</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Education (years per capita), Indoor Air Pollution (All Cooking Fuels), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Over 65 (proportion), Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pulmonary aspiration and foreign body in airway</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Lag distributed income per capita (I$), Mean BMI, Log-transformed SEV scalar: F Body Aspn, Sociodemographic Index, Access and Quality Index</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pulmonary aspiration and foreign body in airway</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Mean BMI, Alcohol binge drinker proportion, age-standardised, Log-transformed SEV scalar: F Body Aspn, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare access and quality index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pulmonary aspiration and foreign body in airway</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Lag distributed income per capita (I$), Mean BMI, Log-transformed SEV scalar: F Body Aspn, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Foreign body in other body part</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Elevation Over 1500 m (proportion), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (under 150 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Elevation Under 100 m (proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Oth F Body, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Foreign body in other body part</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Elevation Over 1500 m (proportion), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (under 150 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Elevation Under 100 m (proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Oth F Body, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Environmental heat and cold exposure</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Education (years per capita), Lag distributed income per capita (I$), Population-weighted mean temperature, Elevation Over 1500 m (proportion), Elevation 500 to 1500 m (proportion), Population Density (150–300 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Rainfall (Quintiles 4–5), Sanitation (proportion with access), 90th percentile climatic temperature in the given country-year, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Environmental heat and cold exposure</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Education (years per capita), Lag distributed income per capita (I$), Population-weighted mean temperature, Elevation Over 1500 m (proportion), Elevation 500 to 1500 m (proportion), Population Density (150–300 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Rainfall (Quintiles 4–5), Sanitation (proportion with access), 90th percentile climatic temperature in the given country-year, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other unintentional injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Elevation Over 1500 m (proportion), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (under 150 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Elevation Under 100 m (proportion), Vehicles–two wheels (per capita), Vehicles–four wheels (per capita), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Oth Unint, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other unintentional injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Elevation Over 1500 m (proportion), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (under 150 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Elevation Under 100 m (proportion), Vehicles–two wheels (per capita), Vehicles–four wheels (per capita), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Oth Unint, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Population Density (150–300 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (300–500 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (500–1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (under 150 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Muslim Religion (proportion of population), Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Population Density (150–300 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (300–500 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (500–1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (under 150 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Religion (binary,>50% Muslim), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Self Harm, Sociodemographic Index, Major depressive disorder, Risk of selfharm due to major depressive disorder, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Non-partner lifetime prevalence of sexual violence (female-only), Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Population Density (150–300 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (300–500 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (500–1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (under 150 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Religion (binary,>50% Muslim), Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Population Density (150–300 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (300–500 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (500–1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (under 150 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Religion (binary,>50% Muslim), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Self Harm, Sociodemographic Index, Major depressive disorder, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm by firearm</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Population Density (150–300 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (300–500 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (500–1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (under 150 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Religion (binary,>50% Muslim), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Self Harm, Sociodemographic Index, Major depressive disorder, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm by firearm</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Population Density (150–300 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (300–500 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (500–1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (under 150 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Religion (binary,>50% Muslim), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Self Harm, Sociodemographic Index, Major depressive disorder, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm by other specified means</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Population Density (150–300 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (300–500 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (500–1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (under 150 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Religion (binary,>50% Muslim), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Self Harm, Sociodemographic Index, Major depressive disorder, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm by other specified means</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Population Density (150–300 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (300–500 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (500–1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Population Density (under 150 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Religion (binary,>50% Muslim), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Self Harm, Sociodemographic Index, Major depressive disorder, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Interpersonal violence</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Opium Cultivation (binary), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Violence, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Interpersonal violence</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Opium Cultivation (binary), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Violence, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Physical violence by firearm</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Opium Cultivation (binary), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Viol Gun, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Physical violence by firearm</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Opium Cultivation (binary), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Viol Gun, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Physical violence by sharp object</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Opium Cultivation (binary), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Viol Knife, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Physical violence by sharp object</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Opium Cultivation (binary), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Viol Knife, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Physical violence by other means</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Opium Cultivation (binary), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Oth Viol, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Physical violence by other means</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Opium Cultivation (binary), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Log-transformed SEV scalar: Oth Viol, Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index, Lag distributed income per capita (I$)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Executions and police conflict</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Lag distributed income per capita (I$), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Executions and police conflict</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global/Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol (liters per capita), Education (years per capita), Lag distributed income per capita (I$), Population Density (over 1000 ppl/sqkm, proportion), Sociodemographic Index, Healthcare Access and Quality Index</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="T4_FN1"><p>BMI, body mass index.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><p>Once submodels and ensemble models have been conducted for each cause in the GBD cause hierarchy, a process to correct for cause of death rates to ensure internal consistency is conducted. Specifically, each subcause within some overall cause is rescaled such that, for example, every subtype of road injuries sums to road injuries deaths overall, and then road injuries and other transport injuries sum to equal the overall transport injuries cause. As this cascades to the overall cause hierarchy and the overall all-cause mortality rates, cause-specific mortality across all causes ultimately equals the overall mortality in the population. An example of an injuries cause of death model with vital registration data (Colombia, females) is shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">figure 1</xref>. A similar model with relatively less data is shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">figure 2</xref> (Honduras, females). While data are absent in more recent years in Honduras, the model is still able to follow temporal trends, age patterns and broader geographical patterns by harnessing signals from covariate-based fixed effects (eg, alcohol consumption per capita) and location-based random effects (eg, the regional trends in Central Latin America and patterns in neighbouring countries). All cause of death models from GBD 2017 are publicly available for review (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://vizhub.healthdata.org/cod/">https://vizhub.healthdata.org/cod/</ext-link>). Cause-specific deaths are converted to cause-specific mortality rates (CSMRs) using GBD populations. Once CSMRs are established, years of life lost (YLLs) are computed as the product of CSMRs and residual life expectancy at the age of death. The residual life expectancy is based on the lowest observed mortality rate for each age across all populations over 5 million. For example, if a death from road injuries occurs at age 25 and the residual life expectancy is 60 years, then there are 60 YLLs attributed to that death. If the death had occurred at age 50 with a residual life expectancy of 38 years, then 38 YLLs would be attributed. Life tables used for GBD 2017 are provided in related publications. <xref rid="R7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></p><fig id="F1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Cause of Death Ensemble model with data points for road injuries in Colombia for females.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="injuryprev-2019-043531f01"></graphic></fig><fig id="F2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Cause of Death Ensemble model with data points for road injuries in Honduras for females</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="injuryprev-2019-043531f02"></graphic></fig></sec><sec id="s2-5"><title>Injury incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability</title><p>After cause-specific models for each cause of injury in the GBD cause hierarchy are conducted, the non-fatal estimation process is conducted. An overview of this process is depicted in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">figure 3</xref>. In the first stage, we estimate the incidence of injuries warranting medical care using DisMod-MR 2.1 (abbreviated DisMod). DisMod is a meta-regression tool for epidemiological estimation that uses a compartmental model structure whereby a healthy population may become diseased or injured, at which point the individual either remains a prevalent case, goes into remission or dies. DisMod essentially fits differential equations to reconcile the transitions between these different compartments, so that the final posterior estimate for each epidemiological parameter can be explained in the context of the other parameters. Similar to the principles described in CODEm, DisMod uses all available data, ranging from incidence data to cause-specific mortality rates from the corrected CODEm results, to produce estimates for every age, sex, year and location. For the purposes of injuries, we established our case definition for non-fatal injuries as injuries that require medical care. This is a necessary case definition as we do not want to consider minor stumbles and falls, for example, that led to no actual bodily harm as injuries for GBD, since they would not have any associated disability. These models are conducted only for injury <italic>causes</italic> as opposed to the nature of injuries references above. Each data input is designated based on type of data—specifically, inpatient data, outpatient data, surveillance data, survey data and literature studies that are population-representative. We model incidence rates for hospital admissions for injuries, so the non-inpatient data sources get adjusted according to their classification so that the model inputs are consistent as injuries that warranted or received inpatient medical care. The coefficients measured by DisMod that were used for adjustment are provided in <xref rid="T5" ref-type="table">table 5</xref>. Input data for injury cause incidence models included sources identified as part of systematic reviews conducted in past GBD cycles, new sources identified by the GBD collaborator network and new sources of clinical data and other injuries data obtained by the core injuries burden estimation team at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington. In addition, CSMRs from the corrected CODEm models described above are used in this stage of DisMod modelling. The list of non-fatal injury sources used in GBD 2017 is provided in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SP3">online supplementary appendix table 2</xref>. The completed DisMod models for inpatient incidence for each cause of injury are publicly available at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://vizhub.healthdata.org/epi/">https://vizhub.healthdata.org/epi/</ext-link>.</p><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SP3"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043531.supp3</object-id><label>Supplementary data</label><p><inline-supplementary-material id="SS3" xlink:href="injuryprev-2019-043531supp003.pdf" mime-subtype="pdf" mimetype="application" content-type="local-data"></inline-supplementary-material></p></supplementary-material><fig id="F3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Injuries non-fatal estimation flow chart.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="injuryprev-2019-043531f03"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="T5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 5</label><caption><p>Covariates and coefficients used in Global Burden of Disease incidence cause models</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Cause</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Outpatient coefficient</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Injury receiving formal care, inpatient and outpatient coefficient</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Injury warranting medical care coefficient</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Animal contact</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.04 (7.03–7.04)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.56 (6.91–8.31)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Non-venomous animal contact</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.91 (2.91–2.92)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.21 (10.1–12.38)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Venomous animal contact</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.14 (3.01–3.34)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.09 (3.69–4.5)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Drowning</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.88 (0.87–0.89)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.01 (1.0–1.05)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.42 (15.33–51.11)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Falls</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.91 (6.89–6.94)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.94 (5.5–6.46)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.73 (9.28–10.22)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fire, heat and hot substances</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.53 (3.53–3.56)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.82 (7.24–8.51)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pulmonary aspiration and foreign body in airway</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.37 (3.35–3.43)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.36 (13.93–16.86)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Foreign body in eyes</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">931.4 (923.34–934.49)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">302.06 (251.14–365.04)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Foreign body in other body part</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.97 (1.95–2.01)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.97 (15.55–26.26)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Interpersonal violence</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.57 (6.56–6.61)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.43 (13.6–32.79)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46.97 (39.57–53.62)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Assault by firearm</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.36 (1.29–1.44)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.27 (1.05–1.6)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53.58 (50.65–54.54)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Assault by sharp object</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.18 (2.92–3.5)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.38 (1.86–3.22)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37.91 (28.3–50.05)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Assault by other means</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.65 (5.44–5.89)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.44 (2.02–3.2)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exposure to mechanical forces</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.4 (12.0–12.82)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33.3 (30.51–36.23)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unintentional firearm injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.71 (2.53–2.9)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.6 (3.49–6.36)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other exposure to mechanical forces</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.62 (12.55–12.85)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.77 (25.74–36.09)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Adverse effects of medical treatment</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.06 (1.06–1.06)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.81 (17.29–26.1)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Environmental heat and cold exposure</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.91 (3.9–3.94)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.54 (3.91–49.6)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other unintentional injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.53 (13.46–13.78)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.95 (9.62–24.12)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisonings</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.96 (3.73–4.19)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.78 (3.4–4.21)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.47 (4.41–16.64)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisoning by carbon monoxide</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.86 (5.68–5.92)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisoning by other means</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.18 (3.9–4.5)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.75 (2.75–2.78)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5 (2.2–2.83)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm by firearm</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.77 (2.42–3.07)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.94 (2.81–51.06)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm by other specified means</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5 (1.47–1.51)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.73 (2.78–19.14)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other transport injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.65 (1.6–1.77)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.01 (1.0–1.03)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.77 (3.75–3.78)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.16 (5.65–6.68)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.44 (13.25–18.1)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Motorcyclist road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.94 (1.92–1.99)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Motor vehicle road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.48 (4.46–4.48)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.9 (6.89–6.96)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cyclist road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.54 (4.33–4.89)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pedestrian road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.94 (1.94–1.96)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.78 (7.63–36.6)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><p>Once an incidence cause model is constructed for each cause of injury, an extensive analytical ‘pipeline’ follows which converts injury cause incidence into years lived with disability. First, inpatient incidence is split into inpatient and outpatient incidence using coefficients empirically measured by DisMod. The outpatient coefficients for each injury cause are also included in <xref rid="T5" ref-type="table">table 5</xref>. Separate pipelines are then conducted for inpatient and outpatient injury incidence—each step below can be considered to have been run for both streams of data, for each cause of injury. After the coefficient is applied, incidence is adjusted by the excess mortality rate measured by DisMod to essentially remove injury cases that died after the injury occurred. Once these deaths are removed from the incidence pool, the resulting steps are applied to these surviving cases of injury. First, each new case of injury is considered to have 47 possible ‘natures’ of injury that can result. These are the types of bodily injury that are considered to be possible outcomes from a given injury cause. The proportion of new cases of injury that would have some nature of injury as the most disabling outcome is determined based on dual-coded clinical data sources where both the cause and nature of injury were included as ICD codes.<xref rid="R10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref> Of note, one limitation of this process is that due to computational demands, it is currently only possible to apportion the most disabling nature of injury for each new case of injury. As such, the probability that each nature of injury is the most disabling nature of injury for some cause of injury is modelled in a Dirichlet regression such that the probabilities sum to 1. In other words, each nature of injury has some probability of being the most disabling injury suffered by the victim of some cause of injury, but if multiple natures of injury occurred, then the less disabling injuries are not captured as part of that injury cause’s disability. This limitation has been recognised as a limitation of GBD injury burden estimation in various peer-reviewed articles and will likely be addressed in future GBD updates as computational efficiency improves.<xref rid="R3" ref-type="bibr">3 10</xref></p><p>The probability distributions of each cause-nature are computed separately for each age, sex, year and location. At this point, the analytical stage has the age-specific, sex-specific, year-specific, location-specific incidence of a cause-nature combination, for example, the incidence of road injuries that led to a cervical-level spinal cord injury in males aged 20–24 years in 2017 in Stockholm, Sweden. The next step converts these incidence estimates into short-term and long-term injury incidence estimates, where long-term disability is defined as having a lower functional status 1 year postinjury than at the time of injury. These probabilities were measured using long-term follow-up studies.<xref rid="R14" ref-type="bibr">14–20</xref> For some natures of injury, such as lower extremity amputation, the probability of being a long-term injury is 1. The probabilities of short-term versus long-term injury for each cause-nature combination are used to split the incidence values into short-term and long-term pipelines. The long-term incidence is then converted to prevalence using the ordinary differential equation solver used in DisMod, which also uses as an input excess mortality estimated for certain natures of injury such as traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury conducted in a previous systematic review and meta-analysis. The short-term incidence is converted to prevalence by multiplying incidence and duration of injury, where duration of injury was either computed directly from follow-up studies or, in the case of unavailable data, estimated by an expert clinical panel involved in previous iterations of the GBD study. Since access to medical treatment is assumed to affect duration of injury and disability, the GBD Healthcare Access and Quality Index is used to estimate the proportion with and without access to medical treatment on a location-specific basis.<xref rid="R21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref> The average duration for short-term injury is therefore calculated as the percentage treated multiplied by treated duration added to the percentage untreated multiplied by the untreated duration. The output from this step is the short-term prevalence of each cause-nature combination. Short-term prevalence is subtracted from long-term prevalence at this stage to avoid double counting the same case of injury. Once short-term and long-term prevalence estimates for each cause-nature are computed, then disability weights as derived by the Salomon <italic>et al</italic> process are assigned to each injury nature.<xref rid="R22" ref-type="bibr">22</xref> Short-term disability weights by injury nature are shown in <xref rid="T6" ref-type="table">table 6</xref>, which does not include amputations since we assume they cause only long-term disability. The full list of long-term disability weights by injury nature, location and year are provided in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SP4">online supplementary appendix table 3</xref>, which does not include foreign body in respiratory system, foreign body in gastrointestinal and urogenital system, foreign body in ear and superficial injury of any part of body, since we assume these natures of injury do not cause long-term disability. After disability weights are assigned to each injury case, years lived with disability for each cause of injury are calculated as the prevalence of each health state multiplied by the corresponding disability weight and then summed across natures of injury for each cause to compute years lived with disability (YLDs) for each age, sex, year and location for that injury cause. YLDs then undergo comorbidity adjustment used across the GBD study whereby comorbid cases of disease and injury in the population are simulated and adjusted disability weights are computed. These processes are described in more detail in GBD literature.<xref rid="R3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref> GBD 2017 provided an important methodological update whereby nature of injury results, regardless of cause of injury, could be reviewed in the results from this process; this has enabled more advanced GBD research such as measuring the burden of traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, measuring the burden of facial fractures and measuring the burden of hand and finger fractures.<xref rid="R10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref></p><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SP4"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043531.supp4</object-id><label>Supplementary data</label><p><inline-supplementary-material id="SS4" xlink:href="injuryprev-2019-043531supp004.pdf" mime-subtype="pdf" mimetype="application" content-type="local-data"></inline-supplementary-material></p></supplementary-material><table-wrap id="T6" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 6</label><caption><p>Short-term disability weights for each nature of injury</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nature of injury</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Short-term disability weight</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Spinal cord lesion at neck level</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7319</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Spinal cord lesion below neck level</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6235</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Foreign body in respiratory system</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4079</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lower airway burns</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3764</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Severe chest Injury</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3685</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Internal haemorrhage in abdomen and pelvis</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3242</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Burns, ≥20% total burned surface area or ≥10% burned surface area if head/neck or hands/wrist involved without lower airway burns</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3145</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fracture of pelvis</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2788</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fracture of hip</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2575</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Multiple fractures, dislocations, crashes, wounds, sprains and strains</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2575</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Drowning and non-fatal submersion</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2471</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Asphyxiation</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2471</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Moderate TBI</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2137</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisoning requiring urgent care</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1628</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Burns, <20% total burned surface area without lower airway burns</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1408</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect of different environmental factors</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1334</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Complications following therapeutic procedures</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1334</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Crush injury</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1325</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Foreign body in GI and urogenital system</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1143</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dislocation of knee</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1134</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fracture of femur, other than femoral neck</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1114</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fracture of vertebral column</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1106</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Minor TBI</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.11</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fracture of sternum and/or fracture of one or more ribs</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1027</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nerve injury</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0997</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fracture of skull</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0714</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fracture of face bones</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0669</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dislocation of shoulder</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.062</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Injury to eyes</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0543</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fracture of patella, tibia or fibula or ankle</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0501</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fracture of clavicle, scapula or humerus</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0349</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fracture of radius and/or ulna</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0281</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fracture of foot bones except ankle</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.026</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dislocation of hip</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0159</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Foreign body in ear</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0133</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fracture of hand (wrist and other distal part of hand)</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0099</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Muscle and tendon injuries, including sprains and strains lesser dislocations</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0075</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Contusion in any part of the body</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0075</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Superficial injury of any part of the body</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0075</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Open wound(s)</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0058</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="T6_FN1"><p>GI, gastrointestinal; TBI, traumatic brain injury.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></sec><sec id="s2-6"><title>Sexual violence</title><p>Sexual violence follows a different analytical pathway than the other causes of injury. This process is shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">figure 4</xref>. We used the same study framework as was developed for other injury rates in the GBD 2017 study to estimate the yearly proportion of the population that experienced at least one episode of sexual violence in the past year, using a case definition of any sexual assault including penetrative sexual violence (rape) and non-penetrative sexual violence (other forms of unwanted sexual touching). To inform the sexual violence estimates, we identified data in 93 countries that met the case definition above. This resulted in 263 site-years of data, which mainly were derived from surveys such as Demographic and Health Surveys and Reproductive Health Surveys. Similar to our other injury models, we used DisMod 2.1 to model prevalence. The sexual violence prevalence model used study-level covariates for each type of survey question, for example, we used a study-level covariate to identify surveys that identify penetrative sexual violence only to account for how the overall incidence of sexual violence is greater than this value. This model also used a covariate on alcohol use in litres per capita for each location to help fit the model in data-sparse locations. Once yearly prevalence was measured, sexual violence cases undergo a process by which short-term disability from the physical and psychological harm of sexual violence cases is assigned to each prevalent case; however, long-term sequelae of sexual violence are currently not captured in this process, which has been a known limitation of sexual violence estimation in the GBD framework.</p><fig id="F4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Sexual violence estimation flow chart. HAQI, Healthcare Access and Quality Index.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="injuryprev-2019-043531f04"></graphic></fig></sec><sec id="s2-7"><title>Disability-adjusted life-years</title><p>After estimation of cause-specific mortality and YLLs as well as non-fatal health outcomes estimation including YLDs, DALYs are calculated as the sum of YLLs and YLDs for each cause of injury. YLDs are also calculated for each nature of injury category.</p></sec><sec id="s2-8"><title>GATHER statement</title><p>GBD 2017 adheres to the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER). GATHER is described in more detail in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="SP5">online supplementary appendix 2</xref>.</p><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="SP5"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043531.supp5</object-id><label>Supplementary data</label><p><inline-supplementary-material id="SS5" xlink:href="injuryprev-2019-043531supp005.pdf" mime-subtype="pdf" mimetype="application" content-type="local-data"></inline-supplementary-material></p></supplementary-material></sec></sec><sec sec-type="results" id="s3"><title>RESULTS</title><p>Results for all GBD 2017 injury estimates are available in associated publications as well as online. Specifically, results by age, sex, year, subnational location and nature of injury can be viewed and downloaded online via the GBD Results Tool (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool">http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool</ext-link>) and GBD Compare (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/">https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/</ext-link>). These results are available in terms of incidence, prevalence, YLDs, cause-specific mortality, YLLs and DALYs, expressed in counts, rates, and percentages. Analytical code and input datasets are available at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://ghdx.healthdata.org">http://ghdx.healthdata.org</ext-link>.</p><sec id="s3-1"><title>CODEm models</title><p>Model performance metrics for each injury cause model in GBD 2017 are provided in <xref rid="T7" ref-type="table">table 7</xref>. Model performance metrics for CODEm models include root mean square error (RMSE) for in-sample tests and out-of-sample tests, percentage of data points that correctly predict the trend in-sample and out-of-sample and percentage of data points that are present within the 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) of the model fit. RMSE in-sample is generally better than RMSE out-of-sample, which is an expected result that also demonstrates the importance of performing out-of-sample predictive validity tests. While the correct trend is predicted in approximately one in five models, this may also be related to more dynamic temporal trends in injury mortality patterns over time. In general, most data points exist within the 95% UI of the model fit (mean: 98.5% in-sample, 98.0% out-of-sample).</p><table-wrap id="T7" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 7</label><caption><p>Performance metrics for each cause-of-injury CODEm model</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cause</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Type</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sex</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RMSE in-sample</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RMSE out-of-sample</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Per cent coverage in-sample</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Per cent coverage out-of-sample</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Transport injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.153062</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.211028</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999851</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999395</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Transport injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.144423</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.202366</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.99978</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998995</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Transport injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.216405</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.338398</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.99951</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.992996</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Transport injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.209561</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.327954</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999347</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.99108</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.154916</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.22011</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999945</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999642</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.147432</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.208989</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.99987</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999452</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.198002</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.338885</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999736</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.993674</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.193896</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.321219</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999332</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.990834</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pedestrian road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.183693</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.327964</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999776</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998965</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pedestrian road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.177994</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.323544</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999688</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998913</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pedestrian road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.240151</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.430127</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999174</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.992328</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pedestrian road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.247329</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.409191</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998229</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.990017</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cyclist road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.219965</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.435983</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999892</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999106</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cyclist road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.206919</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.500591</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999876</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999158</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cyclist road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.296895</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.528063</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998384</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.990875</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cyclist road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.294776</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.527441</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998702</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.988234</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Motorcyclist road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.268406</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.653692</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999776</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998805</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Motorcyclist road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.195368</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.444714</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999793</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998395</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Motorcyclist road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.362655</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.692762</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998726</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.99082</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Motorcyclist road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.283024</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.502588</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998804</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.987794</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Motor vehicle road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.167766</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.33083</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.99993</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999335</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Motor vehicle road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.160584</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.309726</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999919</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999377</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Motor vehicle road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.230946</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.38664</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.99957</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.995355</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Motor vehicle road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.232898</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.378096</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999353</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.992869</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.408852</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.04171</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.997205</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.970506</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.467256</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.21047</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.994429</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9463</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.558784</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.899497</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.994899</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.96375</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other road injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.654189</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0708</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.984753</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.931697</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other transport injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.255843</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.406371</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999581</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998655</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other transport injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.195575</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.404214</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999666</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.99863</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other transport injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.31846</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.546918</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998599</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.991384</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other transport injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.267514</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.49731</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998444</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.989304</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Falls</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.162773</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.237492</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999873</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999522</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Falls</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.157114</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.220452</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999847</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999492</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Falls</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.246877</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.428822</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.99923</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.988577</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Falls</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.246101</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.369118</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999571</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.989585</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Drowning</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.177905</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.258172</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999932</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999782</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Drowning</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.164617</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.226899</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999868</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999373</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Drowning</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.238598</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.428467</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999657</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.992777</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Drowning</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.224438</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.361879</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.99961</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.989534</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fire, heat and hot substances</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.175426</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.245</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999962</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999793</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fire, heat and hot substances</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.17054</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.227618</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999944</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999737</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fire, heat and hot substances</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.281428</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.401798</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999483</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.994548</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fire, heat and hot substances</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.289708</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.40982</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999518</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.99422</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisonings</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.190498</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.283924</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999901</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999732</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisonings</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.189747</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.283639</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999888</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999668</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisonings</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.311328</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.515718</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.99918</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.993385</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisonings</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.323815</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.529806</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999166</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.992089</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisoning by carbon monoxide</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.255034</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.352342</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999119</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998139</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisoning by carbon monoxide</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.234913</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.328692</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999486</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998765</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisoning by carbon monoxide</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.353393</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.688269</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998372</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.982832</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisoning by carbon monoxide</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.305615</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.621778</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999006</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.983458</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisoning by other means</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.208468</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.470199</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999861</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998144</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisoning by other means</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.231395</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.543185</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999871</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998948</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisoning by other means</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.284383</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.555132</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999746</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.989287</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisoning by other means</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.288098</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.590913</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999759</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.990146</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exposure to mechanical forces</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.171902</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.29354</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999636</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.99932</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exposure to mechanical forces</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.162641</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.259268</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999605</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998955</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exposure to mechanical forces</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.398855</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.54379</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.995672</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.987855</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exposure to mechanical forces</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.325975</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.454021</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.995758</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.985214</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unintentional firearm injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.207177</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.502831</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999619</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999488</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unintentional firearm injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.221533</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.49235</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999306</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998449</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unintentional firearm injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.354152</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.591674</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998979</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.991558</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unintentional firearm injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.355798</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.64953</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.996524</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.980841</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other exposure to mechanical forces</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.20287</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.436518</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999912</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999795</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other exposure to mechanical forces</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.170292</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.318704</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999896</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999761</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other exposure to mechanical forces</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.406425</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.538089</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.995379</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.98994</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other exposure to mechanical forces</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.361646</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.472713</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.995528</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.988955</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Adverse effects of medical treatment</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.186809</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.305147</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999832</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999511</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Adverse effects of medical treatment</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.217278</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.342415</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999833</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999577</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Adverse effects of medical treatment</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.280204</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.430453</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999698</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.993818</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Adverse effects of medical treatment</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.277028</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.431272</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999573</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.992957</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Animal contact</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.277226</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.439671</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999355</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998642</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Animal contact</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.231627</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.414921</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999863</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999528</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Animal contact</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.401714</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.691306</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998669</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.987713</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Animal contact</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.316647</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.623446</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9991</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.99176</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Venomous animal contact</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.417726</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.745234</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.960501</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.956152</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Venomous animal contact</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.401006</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.761481</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.977149</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.97478</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Venomous animal contact</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.634642</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.915323</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.965066</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.949503</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Venomous animal contact</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.449848</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.839185</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.97819</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.96024</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Non-venomous animal contact</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.304776</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.593881</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.994547</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.991865</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Non-venomous animal contact</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.304223</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.529077</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998929</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998113</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Non-venomous animal contact</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.421204</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.680417</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.995082</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9848</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Non-venomous animal contact</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.471148</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.740524</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998707</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.990622</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Foreign body</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.170699</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.275966</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999937</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999705</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Foreign body</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.166161</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.263143</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999798</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999305</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Foreign body</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.216832</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.401408</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999535</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.992467</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Foreign body</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.227414</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.381598</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999262</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.989838</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pulmonary aspiration and foreign body in airway</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.174424</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.374749</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999979</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999572</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pulmonary aspiration and foreign body in airway</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.178947</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.34741</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999928</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999294</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pulmonary aspiration and foreign body in airway</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.267697</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.416038</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999413</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.993624</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pulmonary aspiration and foreign body in airway</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.286472</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.422915</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998089</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.990215</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Foreign body in other body part</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.31229</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.664465</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.99005</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.987846</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Foreign body in other body part</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.291172</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.629172</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.993547</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.991666</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Foreign body in other body part</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.462299</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.749894</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.98392</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.971743</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Foreign body in other body part</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.478614</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.759133</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.984301</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.971436</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other unintentional injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.266367</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.450437</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999612</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999067</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other unintentional injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.228051</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.387409</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999597</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998959</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other unintentional injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.354782</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.671813</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.997343</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.984969</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other unintentional injuries</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.301256</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.54085</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.997963</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.985982</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.157456</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.236415</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999699</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999206</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.150967</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.223371</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999688</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999011</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.219988</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.370761</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998551</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.986222</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.203341</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.347213</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999389</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.979274</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm by firearm</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.215778</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.439608</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.992476</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.992525</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm by firearm</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.19323</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.402898</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998082</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.997457</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm by firearm</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.311061</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.642889</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.987894</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.971118</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm by firearm</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.316945</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.590367</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.992646</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.977377</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm by other specified means</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.162023</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.345661</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999855</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998854</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm by other specified means</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.235129</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.322581</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999898</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999453</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm by other specified means</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.191636</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.38357</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999636</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.98601</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm by other specified means</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.192311</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.348953</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999813</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.986603</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Interpersonal violence</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.224081</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.294307</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.99863</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.996721</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Interpersonal violence</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.220852</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.298197</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998132</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.995665</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Interpersonal violence</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.306086</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.450697</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998456</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.989396</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Interpersonal violence</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.307439</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.479452</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.997588</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.981596</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Physical violence by firearm</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.253283</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.414003</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998598</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.997318</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Physical violence by firearm</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.277353</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.501753</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.997843</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.996142</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Physical violence by firearm</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.44617</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.621002</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.993619</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.98712</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Physical violence by firearm</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.41286</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.679294</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.995867</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.981991</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Physical violence by sharp object</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.222036</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.393235</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999815</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999003</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Physical violence by sharp object</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.235542</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.463121</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999796</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998721</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Physical violence by sharp object</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.276474</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.499795</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999526</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.993622</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Physical violence by sharp object</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.332336</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.595217</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999354</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.990212</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Physical violence by other means</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.204351</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.336239</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999954</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999532</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Physical violence by other means</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.202192</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.394188</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999868</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999051</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Physical violence by other means</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.270287</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.410186</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999719</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.995718</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Physical violence by other means</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.285589</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.45387</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999612</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.992595</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Environmental heat and cold exposure</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.234754</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.399463</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999403</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999073</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Environmental heat and cold exposure</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.201821</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.309939</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999658</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999207</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Environmental heat and cold exposure</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3511</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.639869</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998595</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.989061</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Environmental heat and cold exposure</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.33441</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.528137</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999336</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.993068</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Executions and police conflict</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.852242</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.4431</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.49803</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.533053</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Executions and police conflict</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data rich</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.970597</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.55607</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.629313</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.628953</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Executions and police conflict</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.2422</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.86518</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.541687</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.549016</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Executions and police conflict</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Global</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.04755</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.95756</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.671496</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.659889</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="T7_FN1"><p>CODEm, Cause of Death Ensemble model.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></sec><sec id="s3-2"><title>Incidence models</title><p>Model performance metrics for each injury cause model in GBD 2017 are provided in <xref rid="T8" ref-type="table">table 8</xref>. These model performance metrics include in-sample coverage and RMSE of estimated results for cause-specific mortality, excess mortality and incidence. There are no performance metrics for CSMR or excess mortality for foreign body in eyes since we do not estimate mortality from this cause of injury. For incidence, the in-sample coverage average was 55.3% across cause-of-injury models and ranged from a low of 26% in falls to a high of 88% in poisoning by carbon monoxide. Incidence RMSE ranged from a low of 1.04 in pedestrian road injuries to a high of 4.86 in foreign body in eye.</p><table-wrap id="T8" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 8</label><caption><p>Performance metrics for each cause-of-injury DisMod model</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cause</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cause-specific mortality rate:<break></break>in-sample coverage</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cause-specific mortality rate: in-sample RMSE</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Excess mortality rate:<break></break>in-sample coverage</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Excess mortality rate:<break></break>in-sample RMSE</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Incidence hazard: in-sample coverage</td><td align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Incidence hazard:<break></break>in-sample RMSE</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Animal contact</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.95</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.96</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.69</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.14</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.40</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.64</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Non-venomous animal contact</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.97</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.98</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.74</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.20</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.53</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.40</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Venomous animal contact</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.97</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.13</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.74</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.17</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.48</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.31</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Drowning</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.91</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.82</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.84</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.40</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.73</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.61</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Falls</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.93</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.66</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.71</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.13</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.26</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.77</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fire, heat and hot substances</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.95</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.59</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.67</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.97</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.50</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.16</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pulmonary aspiration and foreign body in airway</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.92</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.93</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.78</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.29</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.65</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.56</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Foreign body in eyes</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.83</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.86</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Foreign body in other body part</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.96</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.40</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.74</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.31</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.57</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.39</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Interpersonal violence</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.89</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.81</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.64</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.11</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.31</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.77</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Assault by firearm</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.93</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.96</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.74</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.07</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.69</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.25</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Assault by sharp object</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.92</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.50</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.78</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.05</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.57</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.17</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Assault by other means</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.90</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.91</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.75</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.10</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.48</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.33</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exposure to mechanical forces</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.92</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.81</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.61</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.23</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.38</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.01</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unintentional firearm injuries</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.95</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.51</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.75</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.13</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.70</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.17</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other exposure to mechanical forces</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.93</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.84</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.66</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.22</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.41</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.94</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Adverse effects of medical treatment</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.92</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.71</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.71</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.48</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.37</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.41</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Environmental heat and cold exposure</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.94</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.21</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.73</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.54</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.56</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.52</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other unintentional injuries</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.89</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.31</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.51</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.35</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.50</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.67</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisonings</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.95</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.90</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.76</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.75</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.58</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.90</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisoning by carbon monoxide</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.95</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.94</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.81</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.11</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.88</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.17</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poisoning by other means</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.95</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.92</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.79</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.89</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.67</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.04</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.98</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.27</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.76</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.02</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.47</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.32</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm by firearm</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.28</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.89</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.31</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.86</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.35</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-harm by other specified means</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.98</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.26</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.83</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.96</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.60</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.06</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other transport injuries</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.96</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.99</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.73</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.43</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.63</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.32</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Road injuries</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.91</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.47</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.63</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.10</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.27</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.43</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Motorcyclist road injuries</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.96</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.07</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.70</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.13</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.54</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.18</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Motor vehicle road injuries</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.94</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.55</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.59</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.12</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.48</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.21</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other road injuries</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.99</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.45</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.78</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.16</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.74</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.19</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cyclist road injuries</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.99</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.13</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.73</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.10</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.59</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.09</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pedestrian road injuries</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.92</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.72</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.62</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.02</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.48</td><td align="char" char="." valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.04</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="T8_FN1"><p>RMSE, root mean square error.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></sec></sec><sec sec-type="discussion" id="s4"><title>DISCUSSION</title><p>Many considerable advancements have been made in the measurement of global injury burden since early versions of the GBD Study. Novel datasets, sophisticated statistical modelling and global collaboration have all facilitated the advancement of injury burden measurement science. Many more advancements in future updates should be possible as larger datasets become available and as computational power allows for more detailed measurement processes. Continued global collaboration will be an integral component. Suggested priority items for the advancement of injury burden estimation are as follows:</p><p>First, while much of the global injury burden occurs in low-income and middle-income countries, these countries are frequently the most data-sparse. GBD has rigorously attempted to collect all available data, including police records and verbal autopsy studies and inpatient and outpatient records; however, it is likely that additional data sources in data-sparse countries exist. Parties who are aware of additional data sources that could be used in the GBD estimation framework should consider joining the GBD collaborator network to contribute new sources of data to be used in future estimation updates.</p><p>Second, computational and data limitations make it difficult to account for the full disability that might be experienced in the setting of multiple injuries. For example, if an individual sustains a below-neck spinal injury and an upper extremity amputation, the amputation is not directly accounted for in the prevalence or YLD estimate of the injury cause to which this disability is attributed. This problem quickly grows in complexity, as one can imagine an event like a road injury leading to multiple contusions and abrasions, several fractures in different anatomical sites, a mild traumatic brain injury and a spinal cord injury. There are over 3.6 million permutations of injury if one considers only 10 possible natures of injury, making it difficult to quantitatively measure these relationships by cause of injury and by age, sex, year and location. Future research to address this limitation may focus on simulation studies that model the probability of different comorbid injury combinations to better inform disability weight applications.</p><p>Third, more data could be used for nature of injury measurement. Traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury registries, for example, are not currently directly compatible with the GBD injury estimation framework yet provide rich epidemiological information. Future updates to GBD should focus more attention on incorporating data that measure burden of nature of injury in terms of incidence, prevalence or excess mortality. Incorporating these types of data would require a method to be developed such that estimates were internally consistent across cause-nature distributions. While the methods and data required for this update would be complex, they would represent a large increase in the available data that could be used for GBD injuries estimation.</p><p>Fourth, measuring the total burden of sexual violence has proven to be a challenging area of estimation in the GBD framework. As noted in the ‘Methods’ section of this paper, one known limitation is how long-term sequelae and conditions may not be adequately accounted for in sexual violence burden estimation. In order to attribute burden from major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, self-harm and substance use disorders, measuring the relative risk of developing these conditions for victims of sexual violence would allow for population attributable fractions to be calculated and DALYs from these conditions to be attributed to sexual violence. While the premise of this methodological update is relatively simple, currently there are relatively few studies to inform these relative risks, and conducting and adding such studies in the future would be recognised as a major achievement in GBD research as it would allow for more accurate estimation of lifetime disability caused by sexual violence. This effort would moreover represent an important contribution to research surrounding the Sustainable Development Goals related to sexual violence and women’s rights. <xref rid="R23" ref-type="bibr">23 24</xref></p><p>Fifth, non-fatal injuries from conflict and natural disaster are challenging to estimate because of data sparsity in areas that are afflicted by these events. Fatalities are estimated after such events, but there is still considerable injury burden among the population that survives. Since data collection systems and hospitals may also be destroyed in these events, it becomes difficult to collect adequate non-fatal injury data. Global collaboration should also focus on identifying sources of data on non-fatal and fatal injury cases in conflict and natural disaster events.</p><p>It will be important to monitor the effects of implementing these priorities as injury measurement science continues to evolve. Global collaborations including the GBD enterprise should monitor performance statistics and utilisation of results by research groups and ministries to track how improvements to injury measurement progress over time. Scientific dialogue and collaboration must be a major focus, and the GBD enterprise is a good forum to support this kind of data sharing. For example, a collaborative effort between researchers in Vietnam and the Institute for Health Metrics on Evaluation on developing a study on Vietnam injury burden following GBD 2017 led to identifying the use of the Vietnam National Injury Survey, which was then added for estimation in GBD 2019. Increasing data collection standardisation efforts should be emphasised as a priority in all countries, particularly countries where data coverage on injuries is sparse. Ongoing dialogue via scientific publications and international conferences should also continue to serve as a forum to discuss data and methodological updates that can continue to refine the science of injuries estimation in GBD.</p></sec><sec sec-type="conclusions" id="s5"><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>Measuring injuries burden in GBD is a complex scientific endeavour that leverages large amounts of data, a complex analytical framework and a global research network. GBD 2017 included more comprehensive detail of injury burden than any other known efforts to date. GBD 2019 and future updates will continue to add detail and refine methods in the interest of providing injury burden estimates that are robust, accurate and timely. Expanded injury data collection efforts will be a critical component of future injury burden estimation.</p><boxed-text id="BX1" position="float" orientation="portrait"><caption><title>What is already known on the subject</title></caption><list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p>Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 provided an extensive peer-reviewed assessment of death and disability.</p></list-item><list-item><p>GBD 2017 methods have been reviewed and updated iteratively as new methods and data become available.</p></list-item><list-item><p>Measuring injury burden in GBD 2017 is complex due to differences in measuring cause of injury versus nature of injury and the temporal difference between them.</p></list-item></list></boxed-text><boxed-text id="IB1" position="float" orientation="portrait"><caption><title>What this study adds</title></caption><list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p>This capstone study details key estimation methods that are used for measuring the global burden of injuries as described in related publications in this journal.</p></list-item><list-item><p>More detailed methods descriptions and model performance metrics from GBD 2017 are provided in this study than in related studies.</p></list-item><list-item><p>This study also includes suggested future directions for improving injury burden research.</p></list-item></list></boxed-text></sec></body><back><ack><p>Seyed Aljunid acknowledges the Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University and International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia for the approval and support to participate in this research project. Alaa Badawi acknowledges support by the Public Health Agency of Canada. Till Bärnighausen acknowledges support by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Traolach Brugha received support from NatCen Social Research (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://natcen.ac.uk/">http://natcen.ac.uk/</ext-link>) via NHS Digital and Department of Health and Social Care London, for the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (APMS) programme. Felix Carvalho received support from UID/MULTI/04378/2019 with funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds. Vera M Costa acknowledges support from grant (SFRH/BHD/110001/2015), received by Portuguese national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), IP, under the Norma Transitória DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006. Kebede Deribe is supported by a grant from the Wellcome Trust [grant number 201900] as part of his International Intermediate Fellowship. Tim Driscoll acknowledges that work on occupational risk factors was partially supported by funds from the World Health Organization. Eduarda Fernandes acknowledges support from UID/QUI/50006/2019 with funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds. Yuming Guo acknowledges support from Career Development Fellowships of the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (numbers APP1107107 and APP1163693). Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam is funded by a Fellowship from National Heart Foundation of Australia and Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University. Mihajlo Jakovljevic acknowledges support by the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia through the Grant number OI175014; publication of results was not contingent upon Ministry's censorship or approval. Sudha Jayaraman acknowledges support from: NIH R21: 1R21TW010439-01A1 (PI); Rotary Foundation Global Grant #GG1749568 (PI); NIH P20: 1P20CA210284-01A1 (Co-PI) and DOD grant W81XWH-16-2-0040 (Co-I), during the period of this study. Yun Jin Kim acknowledges support from a grant from the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia [grant number: XMUMRF/2018-C2/ITCM/0001]. Kewal Krishan is supported by UGC Centre of Advanced Study (CAS II) awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. Mansai Kumar acknowledges support from FIC/ NIH K43 1K43MH114320-01. Amanda Mason-Jones acknowledges support by the University of York. Mariam Molokhia is supported by the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at Guy’s and St Thomas’s National Health Service Foundation Trust and King’s College London. Ilais Moreno Velasquez is supported by the Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI, Senacyt, Panama). Mukhammad David Naimzada acknowledges support from Government of the Russian Federation (Agreement No – 075-02-2019-967). Duduzile Ndwandwe acknowledges support from Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council. Stanislav S. Otstavnov acknowledges the support from the Government of the Russian Federation (Agreement No – 075-02-2019-967). Ashish Pathak acknowledges support from Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India (Grant number 2013-1253). Michael R Phillips acknowledges support in part by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81761128031). Abdallah M. Samy received a fellowship from the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. Milena Santric Milicevic acknowledges the support from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia (Contract No. 175087). Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA. Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos was supported in part by the national grant PI17/00719 from ISCIII-FEDER. Sojib Bin Zaman acknowledges support from an "Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) Scholarship.”</p></ack><fn-group><fn fn-type="other"><p><bold>Funding:</bold> This study was funded by The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. SLJ conducts research for a grant on influenza and RSV which is funded in part by Sanofi Pasteur.</p></fn><fn fn-type="COI-statement"><p><bold>Competing interests:</bold> Dr. James reports grants from Sanofi Pasteur, outside the submitted work. Dr. Driscoll reports grants from World Health Organisation, during the conduct of the study. Dr Shariful Islam is funded by a Fellowship from National Heart Foundation of Australia and Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University. Dr. Ivers reports grants from National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, during the conduct of the study. Dr. Jozwiak reports personal fees from TEVA, personal fees from ALAB, personal fees from BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM, personal fees from SYNEXUS, non-financial support from SERVIER, non-financial support from MICROLIFE, non-financial support from MEDICOVER, outside the submitted work. Walter Mendoza is currently Program Analyst Population and Development at the Peru Country Office of the United Nations Population Fund-UNFPA, which does not necessarily endorses this study. Dr. Rakovac reports grants from World Health Organization, during the conduct of the study. Dr. Sheikh reports grants from Health Data Research UK, outside the submitted work. Dr. Singh reports personal fees from Crealta/Horizon, Medisys, Fidia, UBM LLC, Trio health, Medscape, WebMD, Clinical Care options, Clearview healthcare partners, Putnam associates, Spherix, Practice Point communications, the National Institutes of Health and the American College of Rheumatology, personal fees from Speaker’s bureau of Simply Speaking. Dr. Singh owns stock options in Amarin pharmaceuticals and Viking pharmaceuticals. Dr. Singh serves on the steering committee of OMERACT, an international organization that develops measures for clinical trials and receives arms-length funding from 12 pharmaceutical companies. Dr. Singh serves on the FDA Arthritis Advisory Committee. Dr. Singh is a member of the Veterans Affairs Rheumatology Field Advisory Committee. Dr. Singh is the editor and the Director of the UAB Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group Satellite Center on Network Meta-analysis, outside the submitted work. Dr. Stein reports personal fees from Lundbeck and Sun, outside the submitted work.</p></fn><fn fn-type="other"><p><bold>Patient consent for publication:</bold> Not required.</p></fn><fn fn-type="other"><p><bold>Provenance and peer review:</bold> Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.</p></fn><fn fn-type="other"><p><bold>Data availability statement:</bold> Availability of input data varies by source. Select data are available in a public, open-access repository. Select data are available on reasonable request. Select data may be obtained from a third party and are not publicly available. 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