Shoulder Mobility, Muscular Strength, and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors with and without Tai Chi Qigong Training
Identifieur interne : 003E12 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 003E11; suivant : 003E13Shoulder Mobility, Muscular Strength, and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors with and without Tai Chi Qigong Training
Auteurs : Shirley S. M. Fong [Hong Kong] ; Shamay S. M. Ng [Hong Kong] ; W. S. Luk [Hong Kong] ; Joanne W. Y. Chung [Hong Kong] ; Louisa M. Y. Chung [Hong Kong] ; William W. N. Tsang [Hong Kong] ; Lina P. Y. Chow [Hong Kong]Source :
- Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM [ 1741-427X ] ; 2013.
Abstract
Url:
DOI: 10.1155/2013/787169
PubMed: 23710237
PubMed Central: 3655570
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Shoulder Mobility, Muscular Strength, and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors with and without Tai Chi Qigong Training</title><author><name sortKey="Fong, Shirley S M" sort="Fong, Shirley S M" uniqKey="Fong S" first="Shirley S. M." last="Fong">Shirley S. M. Fong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ng, Shamay S M" sort="Ng, Shamay S M" uniqKey="Ng S" first="Shamay S. M." last="Ng">Shamay S. M. Ng</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luk, W S" sort="Luk, W S" uniqKey="Luk W" first="W. S." last="Luk">W. S. Luk</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">The Association of Licentiates of Medical Council of Hong Kong, Hong Kong</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>The Association of Licentiates of Medical Council of Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chung, Joanne W Y" sort="Chung, Joanne W Y" uniqKey="Chung J" first="Joanne W. Y." last="Chung">Joanne W. Y. Chung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Department of Health and Physical Education, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health and Physical Education, The Hong Kong Institute of Education</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chung, Louisa M Y" sort="Chung, Louisa M Y" uniqKey="Chung L" first="Louisa M. Y." last="Chung">Louisa M. Y. Chung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Department of Health and Physical Education, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health and Physical Education, The Hong Kong Institute of Education</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsang, William W N" sort="Tsang, William W N" uniqKey="Tsang W" first="William W. N." last="Tsang">William W. N. Tsang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chow, Lina P Y" sort="Chow, Lina P Y" uniqKey="Chow L" first="Lina P. Y." last="Chow">Lina P. Y. Chow</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Department of Health and Physical Education, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health and Physical Education, The Hong Kong Institute of Education</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">23710237</idno><idno type="pmc">3655570</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3655570</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3655570</idno><idno type="doi">10.1155/2013/787169</idno><date when="2013">2013</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">003E13</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">003E13</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">003E12</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">003E12</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Shoulder Mobility, Muscular Strength, and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors with and without Tai Chi Qigong Training</title><author><name sortKey="Fong, Shirley S M" sort="Fong, Shirley S M" uniqKey="Fong S" first="Shirley S. M." last="Fong">Shirley S. M. Fong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ng, Shamay S M" sort="Ng, Shamay S M" uniqKey="Ng S" first="Shamay S. M." last="Ng">Shamay S. M. Ng</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luk, W S" sort="Luk, W S" uniqKey="Luk W" first="W. S." last="Luk">W. S. Luk</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">The Association of Licentiates of Medical Council of Hong Kong, Hong Kong</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>The Association of Licentiates of Medical Council of Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chung, Joanne W Y" sort="Chung, Joanne W Y" uniqKey="Chung J" first="Joanne W. Y." last="Chung">Joanne W. Y. Chung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Department of Health and Physical Education, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health and Physical Education, The Hong Kong Institute of Education</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chung, Louisa M Y" sort="Chung, Louisa M Y" uniqKey="Chung L" first="Louisa M. Y." last="Chung">Louisa M. Y. Chung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Department of Health and Physical Education, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health and Physical Education, The Hong Kong Institute of Education</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsang, William W N" sort="Tsang, William W N" uniqKey="Tsang W" first="William W. N." last="Tsang">William W. N. Tsang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chow, Lina P Y" sort="Chow, Lina P Y" uniqKey="Chow L" first="Lina P. Y." last="Chow">Lina P. Y. Chow</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Department of Health and Physical Education, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health and Physical Education, The Hong Kong Institute of Education</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM</title><idno type="ISSN">1741-427X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1741-4288</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Objectives</italic>. To compare the shoulder mobility, muscular strength, and quality of life (QOL) among breast cancer survivors with and without Tai Chi (TC) Qigong training to those of healthy individuals and to explore the associations between shoulder impairments and QOL in breast cancer survivors with regular TC Qigong training. <italic>Methods</italic>. Eleven breast cancer survivors with regular TC Qigong training, 12 sedentary breast cancer survivors, and 16 healthy participants completed the study. Shoulder mobility and rotator muscle strength were assessed by goniometry and isokinetic dynamometer, respectively. QOL was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) questionnaire. <italic>Results</italic>. Goniometric measurements of the active range of motion in the flexion, abduction, and hand-behind-the-back directions were similar among the three groups. The TC Qigong-trained breast cancer survivors had significantly higher isokinetic peak torques of the shoulder rotator muscles (at 180°/s) than untrained survivors, and their isokinetic shoulder muscular strength reached the level of healthy individuals. Greater shoulder muscular strength was significantly associated with better functional wellbeing in breast cancer survivors with TC Qigong training. However, no significant between-group difference was found in FACT-B total scores. <italic>Conclusions</italic>. TC Qigong training might improve shoulder muscular strength and functional wellbeing in breast cancer survivors.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Siegel, R" uniqKey="Siegel R">R Siegel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Naishadham, D" uniqKey="Naishadham D">D Naishadham</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jemal, A" uniqKey="Jemal A">A Jemal</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Box, Rc" uniqKey="Box R">RC Box</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reul Hirche, Hm" uniqKey="Reul Hirche H">HM Reul-Hirche</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bullock Saxton, Je" uniqKey="Bullock Saxton J">JE Bullock-Saxton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Furnival, Cm" uniqKey="Furnival C">CM Furnival</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Carpenter, Js" uniqKey="Carpenter J">JS 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Evid Based Complement Alternat Med</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Evid Based Complement Alternat Med</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ECAM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1741-427X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1741-4288</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23710237</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3655570</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2013/787169</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Shoulder Mobility, Muscular Strength, and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors with and without Tai Chi Qigong Training</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fong</surname><given-names>Shirley S. M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ng</surname><given-names>Shamay S. M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Luk</surname><given-names>W. S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chung</surname><given-names>Joanne W. Y.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chung</surname><given-names>Louisa M. Y.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tsang</surname><given-names>William W. N.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chow</surname><given-names>Lina P. Y.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong</aff><aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong</aff><aff id="I3"><sup>3</sup>The Association of Licentiates of Medical Council of Hong Kong, Hong Kong</aff><aff id="I4"><sup>4</sup>Department of Health and Physical Education, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Shirley S. M. Fong: <email>smfong@hku.hk</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Ching Lan</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>4</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>2013</volume><elocation-id>787169</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>21</day><month>2</month><year>2013</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>6</day><month>4</month><year>2013</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2013 Shirley S. M. Fong et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p><italic>Objectives</italic>. To compare the shoulder mobility, muscular strength, and quality of life (QOL) among breast cancer survivors with and without Tai Chi (TC) Qigong training to those of healthy individuals and to explore the associations between shoulder impairments and QOL in breast cancer survivors with regular TC Qigong training. <italic>Methods</italic>. Eleven breast cancer survivors with regular TC Qigong training, 12 sedentary breast cancer survivors, and 16 healthy participants completed the study. Shoulder mobility and rotator muscle strength were assessed by goniometry and isokinetic dynamometer, respectively. QOL was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) questionnaire. <italic>Results</italic>. Goniometric measurements of the active range of motion in the flexion, abduction, and hand-behind-the-back directions were similar among the three groups. The TC Qigong-trained breast cancer survivors had significantly higher isokinetic peak torques of the shoulder rotator muscles (at 180°/s) than untrained survivors, and their isokinetic shoulder muscular strength reached the level of healthy individuals. Greater shoulder muscular strength was significantly associated with better functional wellbeing in breast cancer survivors with TC Qigong training. However, no significant between-group difference was found in FACT-B total scores. <italic>Conclusions</italic>. TC Qigong training might improve shoulder muscular strength and functional wellbeing in breast cancer survivors.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><table-wrap id="tab1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Characteristics of participants (mean ± SD).</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TC Qigong CA group (<italic>n</italic> = 11)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CA-control group (<italic>n</italic> = 12)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Healthy-control group (<italic>n</italic> = 16)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age (year)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">58.3 ± 10.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53.8 ± 4.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56.8 ± 6.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.304</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Height (cm)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">155.5 ± 4.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">156.7 ± 6.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">156.5 ± 5.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.859</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Weight (kg)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50.4 ± 7.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55.6 ± 8.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">57.2 ± 5.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.063</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Body mass index (kg/m<sup>2</sup>)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.8 ± 3.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.6 ± 3.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.3 ± 1.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.054</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Breast CA affected/surgical side (<italic>n</italic>)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Left = 6; <break></break>Right = 4; <break></break>Bilateral = 1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Left = 10; <break></break>Right = 2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N/A</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mastectomy (<italic>n</italic>)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Postmastectomy duration (year)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.8 ± 4.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.2 ± 4.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N/A</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.843</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Radiotherapy (<italic>n</italic>)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chemotherapy (<italic>n</italic>)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Qigong experience (year)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9 ± 0.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Comparison of outcome measures between groups (mean ± SD).</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TC Qigong CA group (<italic>n</italic> = 11)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CA-control group (<italic>n</italic> = 12)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Healthy-control group (<italic>n</italic> = 16)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Effect size</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="6" align="center" rowspan="1">Shoulder active ROM (affected side/dominant side)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="6" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Flexion (degree)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">178.2 ± 4.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">176.8 ± 6.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">178.8 ± 3.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.028</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.598</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Abduction (degree)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">179.1 ± 3.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">179.1 ± 2.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">179.3 ± 2.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.002</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.964</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hand behind back (cm)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.7 ± 6.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.0 ± 4.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.1 ± 5.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.042</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.464</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="6" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" align="center" rowspan="1">Body-weight-adjusted isokinetic peak torque at 180°/s (affected side/dominant side)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="6" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Shoulder internal rotators (Nm)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.7 ± 5.4<sup>†</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.9 ± 7.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.5 ± 6.6<sup>†</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.198</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.019**</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Shoulder external rotators (Nm)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.8 ± 5.3<sup>†</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.7 ± 6.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.7 ± 5.2<sup>†</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.210</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.014**</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="6" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" align="center" rowspan="1">FACT-B</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="6" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Physical wellbeing </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.6 ± 5.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.5 ± 6.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N/A</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.033</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.406</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Social/family wellbeing</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.5 ± 2.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.8 ± 5.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N/A</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.153</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.065</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Emotional wellbeing</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.6 ± 2.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.2 ± 4.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N/A</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.089</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.167</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Functional wellbeing</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.6 ± 2.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.2 ± 4.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N/A</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.264</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.012*</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Breast CA-specific concerns</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.7 ± 5.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.3 ± 4.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N/A</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.193</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.036*</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total score</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">114.9 ± 10.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">107.0 ± 16.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N/A</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.587</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.179</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>* Denotes a significant difference at <italic>P</italic> < 0.05.</p></fn><fn><p>** Denotes a significant difference at <italic>P</italic> < 0.025.</p></fn><fn><p><sup>†</sup> Denotes a significant difference at <italic>P</italic> < 0.05 when compared with the CA-control group.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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