First Nationwide Attitude Survey of Japanese Physicians on the Use of Traditional Japanese Medicine (Kampo) in Cancer Treatment
Identifieur interne : 003E11 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 003E10; suivant : 003E12First Nationwide Attitude Survey of Japanese Physicians on the Use of Traditional Japanese Medicine (Kampo) in Cancer Treatment
Auteurs : A. Ito [Japon] ; K. Munakata [Japon] ; Y. Imazu [Japon] ; K. Watanabe [Japon]Source :
- Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM [ 1741-427X ] ; 2012.
Abstract
The aim of this nationwide survey was to investigate the use of Kampo medicine by Japanese physicians who worked in the core cancer treatment hospitals which were designated by Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Among the 900 physicians surveyed, 92.4% reported having prescribed Kampo medications, of whom 73.5% reported having prescribed them for cancer patients. Despite this high percentage and the finding that only 9.7% of the physicians reported that they considered Kampo medications to be harmful, only 23.1% of the physicians expressed high expectations of the efficacy of Kampo medicine in tumor suppression and the exertion of immunostimulatory action. In contrast, many cancer patients have expressed the belief that Kampo medications can suppress tumor growth, and several studies have reported that they exert immunostimulatory action. To resolve this discrepancy in patient and physician expectations and to clarify the research findings, further research into the effectiveness and harmfulness of Kampo medicine in cancer treatment is warranted.
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DOI: 10.1155/2012/957082
PubMed: 23304230
PubMed Central: 3526010
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Munakata</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Imazu, Y" sort="Imazu, Y" uniqKey="Imazu Y" first="Y." last="Imazu">Y. Imazu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Pharmaceutical Education Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Pharmaceutical Education Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watanabe, K" sort="Watanabe, K" uniqKey="Watanabe K" first="K." last="Watanabe">K. Watanabe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">23304230</idno><idno type="pmc">3526010</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3526010</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3526010</idno><idno type="doi">10.1155/2012/957082</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">003E12</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">003E12</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">003E11</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">003E11</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">First Nationwide Attitude Survey of Japanese Physicians on the Use of Traditional Japanese Medicine (Kampo) in Cancer Treatment</title><author><name sortKey="Ito, A" sort="Ito, A" uniqKey="Ito A" first="A." last="Ito">A. Ito</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Aoyama Pharmacy, 2-10-9 Minami-Aoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0062, Japan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Aoyama Pharmacy, 2-10-9 Minami-Aoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0062</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Munakata, K" sort="Munakata, K" uniqKey="Munakata K" first="K." last="Munakata">K. Munakata</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Imazu, Y" sort="Imazu, Y" uniqKey="Imazu Y" first="Y." last="Imazu">Y. Imazu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Pharmaceutical Education Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Pharmaceutical Education Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watanabe, K" sort="Watanabe, K" uniqKey="Watanabe K" first="K." last="Watanabe">K. Watanabe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM</title><idno type="ISSN">1741-427X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1741-4288</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this nationwide survey was to investigate the use of Kampo medicine by Japanese physicians who worked in the core cancer treatment hospitals which were designated by Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Among the 900 physicians surveyed, 92.4% reported having prescribed Kampo medications, of whom 73.5% reported having prescribed them for cancer patients. Despite this high percentage and the finding that only 9.7% of the physicians reported that they considered Kampo medications to be harmful, only 23.1% of the physicians expressed high expectations of the efficacy of Kampo medicine in tumor suppression and the exertion of immunostimulatory action. In contrast, many cancer patients have expressed the belief that Kampo medications can suppress tumor growth, and several studies have reported that they exert immunostimulatory action. To resolve this discrepancy in patient and physician expectations and to clarify the research findings, further research into the effectiveness and harmfulness of Kampo medicine in cancer treatment is warranted.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Robinson, Mm" uniqKey="Robinson M">MM Robinson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, X" uniqKey="Zhang X">X Zhang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Richardson, Ma" uniqKey="Richardson M">MA Richardson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sanders, T" uniqKey="Sanders T">T Sanders</name></author><author><name sortKey="Palmer, Jl" uniqKey="Palmer J">JL Palmer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Greisinger, A" uniqKey="Greisinger A">A Greisinger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Singletary, Se" uniqKey="Singletary S">SE Singletary</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name 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sortKey="Kato, M" uniqKey="Kato M">M Kato</name></author><author><name sortKey="Takeda, K" uniqKey="Takeda K">K Takeda</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tsuchiya, M" uniqKey="Tsuchiya M">M Tsuchiya</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kono, H" uniqKey="Kono H">H Kono</name></author><author><name sortKey="Matsuda, M" uniqKey="Matsuda M">M Matsuda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fujii, H" uniqKey="Fujii H">H Fujii</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rusyn, I" uniqKey="Rusyn I">I Rusyn</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Watanabe, K" uniqKey="Watanabe K">K Watanabe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Matsuura, K" uniqKey="Matsuura K">K Matsuura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, P" uniqKey="Gao P">P Gao</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ikarashi, N" uniqKey="Ikarashi N">N Ikarashi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ito, 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Evid Based Complement Alternat Med</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Evid Based Complement Alternat Med</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ECAM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1741-427X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1741-4288</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23304230</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3526010</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2012/957082</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>First Nationwide Attitude Survey of Japanese Physicians on the Use of Traditional Japanese Medicine (Kampo) in Cancer Treatment</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ito</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Munakata</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Imazu</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Watanabe</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>Aoyama Pharmacy, 2-10-9 Minami-Aoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0062, Japan</aff><aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan</aff><aff id="I3"><sup>3</sup>Pharmaceutical Education Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*K. Watanabe: <email>watanabekenji@a6.keio.jp</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Thomas Ostermann</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>11</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>2012</volume><elocation-id>957082</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>29</day><month>4</month><year>2012</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>5</day><month>9</month><year>2012</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2012 A. Ito et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>The aim of this nationwide survey was to investigate the use of Kampo medicine by Japanese physicians who worked in the core cancer treatment hospitals which were designated by Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Among the 900 physicians surveyed, 92.4% reported having prescribed Kampo medications, of whom 73.5% reported having prescribed them for cancer patients. Despite this high percentage and the finding that only 9.7% of the physicians reported that they considered Kampo medications to be harmful, only 23.1% of the physicians expressed high expectations of the efficacy of Kampo medicine in tumor suppression and the exertion of immunostimulatory action. In contrast, many cancer patients have expressed the belief that Kampo medications can suppress tumor growth, and several studies have reported that they exert immunostimulatory action. To resolve this discrepancy in patient and physician expectations and to clarify the research findings, further research into the effectiveness and harmfulness of Kampo medicine in cancer treatment is warranted.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="fig1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Prescription experience of physicians who provide cancer treatment (<italic>N</italic> = 900).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ECAM2012-957082.001"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Expectation of effectiveness of Kampo medicine among physicians who provide cancer treatment (<italic>N</italic> = 900).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ECAM2012-957082.002"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Expectation of harmfulness of Kampo medicine among physicians who provide cancer treatment (<italic>N</italic> = 900).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ECAM2012-957082.003"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Expectation of effectiveness of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy among physicians who provide cancer treatment (<italic>N</italic> = 900).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ECAM2012-957082.004"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="tab1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Physician background characteristics (<italic>N</italic> = 900).</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Characteristic</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No.</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Worksite</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Hospital</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">616<break></break></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">68.4<break></break></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> University affiliated hospital</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">239<break></break></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.6<break></break></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No response</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="3" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Age, years</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 20≦</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.9<break></break></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 30≦</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">225</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 40≦</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">321</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35.7</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 50≦</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">191</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 60≦</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.4</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 70≦</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Not responded</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="3" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Medical specialty*</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> General surgery</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">120</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Gastroenterology</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">103</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.4</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Abdominal surgery</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">99</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Respiratory medicine</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">74</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Hematology</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">68</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.6</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Obstetrics and gynecology</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Urology</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.7</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Thoracic surgery</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Medical oncology</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.7</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> General internal medicine</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Otorhinolaryngology </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Dermatology</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.6</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Neurosurgery</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Endocrine surgery</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Orthopedic surgery</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Psychosomatic medicine</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Pediatrics </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.4</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Other<sup>†</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">204</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.7</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>*The selection of more than one specialty was possible.</p></fn><fn><p><sup>†</sup>“Other” includes physicians who checked “other” or a specialty that is practiced by less than 1% of all physicians.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Experience with treatment of cancer patients (<italic>N</italic> = 900).</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No. </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Treats cancer patients</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Yes</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">846</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">94.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.7</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No response</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="3" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Treated with therapy<sup>∗†</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Chemotherapy</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">684</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80.9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Surgical therapy</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">458</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">54.1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Palliative care</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">340</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40.2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Endoscopic therapy</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">171</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Radiation therapy</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">166</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.6</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Adoptive immunotherapy</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Other</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No response</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>*The selection of more than one specialty was possible.</p></fn><fn><p><sup>†</sup>The rate (%) is based on the number of physicians who responded “yes.”</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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