Cross-Reactivity of Filariais ICT Cards in Areas of Contrasting Endemicity of Loa loa and Mansonella perstans in Cameroon: Implications for Shrinking of the Lymphatic Filariasis Map in the Central African Region
Identifieur interne : 007B10 ( Ncbi/Checkpoint ); précédent : 007B09; suivant : 007B11Cross-Reactivity of Filariais ICT Cards in Areas of Contrasting Endemicity of Loa loa and Mansonella perstans in Cameroon: Implications for Shrinking of the Lymphatic Filariasis Map in the Central African Region
Auteurs : Samuel Wanji [Cameroun] ; Nathalie Amvongo-Adjia [Cameroun] ; Benjamin Koudou [Royaume-Uni] ; Abdel Jelil Njouendou [Cameroun] ; Patrick W. Chounna Ndongmo [Cameroun] ; Jonas A. Kengne-Ouafo [Cameroun] ; Fabrice R. Datchoua-Poutcheu [Cameroun] ; Bridget Adzemye Fovennso [Cameroun] ; Dizzle Bita Tayong [Cameroun] ; Fanny Fri Fombad [Cameroun] ; Peter U. Fischer [États-Unis] ; Peter I. Enyong [Cameroun] ; Moses Bockarie [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases [ 1935-2727 ] ; 2015.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adolescent, Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Animaux, Antigènes d'helminthe (sang), Cameroun (épidémiologie), Charge parasitaire, Enfant, Femelle, Filariose lymphatique (diagnostic), Filariose lymphatique (épidémiologie), Humains, Immunochromatographie (), Jeune adulte, Loa (isolement et purification), Loase (épidémiologie), Mansonellose (épidémiologie), Mâle, Population rurale, Réactions croisées, Sujet âgé, Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus, Wuchereria bancrofti (immunologie), Études transversales.
- MESH :
- diagnostic : Filariose lymphatique.
- immunologie : Wuchereria bancrofti.
- isolement et purification : Loa.
- sang : Antigènes d'helminthe.
- épidémiologie : Cameroun, Filariose lymphatique, Loase, Mansonellose.
- Adolescent, Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Animaux, Charge parasitaire, Enfant, Femelle, Humains, Immunochromatographie, Jeune adulte, Mâle, Population rurale, Réactions croisées, Sujet âgé, Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus, Études transversales.
- Wicri :
- geographic : Cameroun.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Animals, Antigens, Helminth (blood), Cameroon (epidemiology), Child, Cross Reactions, Cross-Sectional Studies, Elephantiasis, Filarial (diagnosis), Elephantiasis, Filarial (epidemiology), Female, Humans, Immunochromatography (methods), Loa (isolation & purification), Loiasis (epidemiology), Male, Mansonelliasis (epidemiology), Middle Aged, Parasite Load, Rural Population, Wuchereria bancrofti (immunology), Young Adult.
- MESH :
- chemical , blood : Antigens, Helminth.
- geographic , epidemiology : Cameroon.
- diagnosis : Elephantiasis, Filarial.
- epidemiology : Elephantiasis, Filarial, Loiasis, Mansonelliasis.
- immunology : Wuchereria bancrofti.
- isolation & purification : Loa.
- methods : Immunochromatography.
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Animals, Child, Cross Reactions, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Parasite Load, Rural Population, Young Adult.
Abstract
Immunochromatographic card test (ICT) is a tool to map the distribution of
A cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence and intensity of
This study has confirmed the strong association between the ICT positivity and
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004184
PubMed: 26544042
PubMed Central: 4636288
Affiliations:
- Cameroun, Royaume-Uni, États-Unis
- Missouri (État)
- Saint-Louis (Missouri)
- École de médecine (Université Washington de Saint-Louis)
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
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- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 000405
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 001374
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- to stream PubMed, to step Curation: 000B45
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Links to Exploration step
PMC:4636288Le document en format XML
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and <italic>Mansonella perstans</italic>
in Cameroon: Implications for Shrinking of the Lymphatic Filariasis Map in the Central African Region</title>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Cross-Reactivity of Filariais ICT Cards in Areas of Contrasting Endemicity of <italic>Loa loa</italic>
and <italic>Mansonella perstans</italic>
in Cameroon: Implications for Shrinking of the Lymphatic Filariasis Map in the Central African Region</title>
<author><name sortKey="Wanji, Samuel" sort="Wanji, Samuel" uniqKey="Wanji S" first="Samuel" last="Wanji">Samuel Wanji</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Amvongo Adjia, Nathalie" sort="Amvongo Adjia, Nathalie" uniqKey="Amvongo Adjia N" first="Nathalie" last="Amvongo-Adjia">Nathalie Amvongo-Adjia</name>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaounde, Cameroon</addr-line>
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<author><name sortKey="Koudou, Benjamin" sort="Koudou, Benjamin" uniqKey="Koudou B" first="Benjamin" last="Koudou">Benjamin Koudou</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Njouendou, Abdel Jelil" sort="Njouendou, Abdel Jelil" uniqKey="Njouendou A" first="Abdel Jelil" last="Njouendou">Abdel Jelil Njouendou</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Chounna Ndongmo, Patrick W" sort="Chounna Ndongmo, Patrick W" uniqKey="Chounna Ndongmo P" first="Patrick W." last="Chounna Ndongmo">Patrick W. Chounna Ndongmo</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Kengne Ouafo, Jonas A" sort="Kengne Ouafo, Jonas A" uniqKey="Kengne Ouafo J" first="Jonas A." last="Kengne-Ouafo">Jonas A. Kengne-Ouafo</name>
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<wicri:noRegion>Buea</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Buea</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Datchoua Poutcheu, Fabrice R" sort="Datchoua Poutcheu, Fabrice R" uniqKey="Datchoua Poutcheu F" first="Fabrice R." last="Datchoua-Poutcheu">Fabrice R. Datchoua-Poutcheu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Buea</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fovennso, Bridget Adzemye" sort="Fovennso, Bridget Adzemye" uniqKey="Fovennso B" first="Bridget Adzemye" last="Fovennso">Bridget Adzemye Fovennso</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Buea</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tayong, Dizzle Bita" sort="Tayong, Dizzle Bita" uniqKey="Tayong D" first="Dizzle Bita" last="Tayong">Dizzle Bita Tayong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Parasites and Vector Biology research unit (PAVBRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Parasites and Vector Biology research unit (PAVBRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Buea</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Buea</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fombad, Fanny Fri" sort="Fombad, Fanny Fri" uniqKey="Fombad F" first="Fanny Fri" last="Fombad">Fanny Fri Fombad</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Parasites and Vector Biology research unit (PAVBRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Parasites and Vector Biology research unit (PAVBRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Buea</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Buea</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fischer, Peter U" sort="Fischer, Peter U" uniqKey="Fischer P" first="Peter U." last="Fischer">Peter U. Fischer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Missouri (État)</region>
<settlement type="city">Saint-Louis (Missouri)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">École de médecine (Université Washington de Saint-Louis)</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Enyong, Peter I" sort="Enyong, Peter I" uniqKey="Enyong P" first="Peter I." last="Enyong">Peter I. Enyong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Parasites and Vector Biology research unit (PAVBRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Parasites and Vector Biology research unit (PAVBRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Buea</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Cameroun</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Buea</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bockarie, Moses" sort="Bockarie, Moses" uniqKey="Bockarie M" first="Moses" last="Bockarie">Moses Bockarie</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases (incorporating the Lymphatic Filariasis Support Centre), Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases (incorporating the Lymphatic Filariasis Support Centre), Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1935-2727</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1935-2735</idno>
<imprint><date when="2015">2015</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Adult</term>
<term>Aged</term>
<term>Aged, 80 and over</term>
<term>Animals</term>
<term>Antigens, Helminth (blood)</term>
<term>Cameroon (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Child</term>
<term>Cross Reactions</term>
<term>Cross-Sectional Studies</term>
<term>Elephantiasis, Filarial (diagnosis)</term>
<term>Elephantiasis, Filarial (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Immunochromatography (methods)</term>
<term>Loa (isolation & purification)</term>
<term>Loiasis (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Mansonelliasis (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Parasite Load</term>
<term>Rural Population</term>
<term>Wuchereria bancrofti (immunology)</term>
<term>Young Adult</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Adulte</term>
<term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term>
<term>Animaux</term>
<term>Antigènes d'helminthe (sang)</term>
<term>Cameroun (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Charge parasitaire</term>
<term>Enfant</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Filariose lymphatique (diagnostic)</term>
<term>Filariose lymphatique (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Immunochromatographie ()</term>
<term>Jeune adulte</term>
<term>Loa (isolement et purification)</term>
<term>Loase (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Mansonellose (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Population rurale</term>
<term>Réactions croisées</term>
<term>Sujet âgé</term>
<term>Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus</term>
<term>Wuchereria bancrofti (immunologie)</term>
<term>Études transversales</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Antigens, Helminth</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Cameroon</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnostic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Filariose lymphatique</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial</term>
<term>Loiasis</term>
<term>Mansonelliasis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Wuchereria bancrofti</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Wuchereria bancrofti</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Loa</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolement et purification" xml:lang="fr"><term>Loa</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Immunochromatography</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="sang" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antigènes d'helminthe</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Cameroun</term>
<term>Filariose lymphatique</term>
<term>Loase</term>
<term>Mansonellose</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Adult</term>
<term>Aged</term>
<term>Aged, 80 and over</term>
<term>Animals</term>
<term>Child</term>
<term>Cross Reactions</term>
<term>Cross-Sectional Studies</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Parasite Load</term>
<term>Rural Population</term>
<term>Young Adult</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Adulte</term>
<term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term>
<term>Animaux</term>
<term>Charge parasitaire</term>
<term>Enfant</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Immunochromatographie</term>
<term>Jeune adulte</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Population rurale</term>
<term>Réactions croisées</term>
<term>Sujet âgé</term>
<term>Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus</term>
<term>Études transversales</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Cameroun</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="sec001"><title>Background</title>
<p>Immunochromatographic card test (ICT) is a tool to map the distribution of <italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic>
. In areas highly endemic for loaisis in DRC and Cameroon, a relationship has been envisaged between high <italic>L</italic>
. <italic>loa</italic>
microfilaria (Mf) loads and ICT positivity. However, similar associations have not been demonstrated from other areas with contrasting levels of <italic>L</italic>
. <italic>loa</italic>
endemicity. This study investigated the cross-reactivity of ICT when mapping lymphatic filariasis (LF) in areas with contrasting endemicity levels of loiasis and mansonellosis in Cameroon.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec002"><title>Methodology/Principal Findings</title>
<p>A cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence and intensity of <italic>W</italic>
. <italic>bancrofti</italic>
, <italic>L</italic>
. <italic>loa</italic>
and <italic>M</italic>
. <italic>perstans</italic>
was carried out in 42 villages across three regions (East, North-west and South-west) of the Cameroon rainforest domain. Diurnal blood was collected from participants for the detection of circulating filarial antigen (CFA) by ICT and assessment of Mf using a thick blood smear. Clinical manifestations of LF were also assessed. ICT positives and patients clinically diagnosed with lymphoedema were further subjected to night blood collection for the detection of <italic>W</italic>
. <italic>bancrofti</italic>
Mf. Overall, 2190 individuals took part in the study. Overall, 24 individuals residing in 14 communities were tested positive by ICT, with prevalence rates ranging from 0% in the South-west to 2.1% in the North-west. Lymphoedema were diagnosed in 20 individuals with the majority of cases found in the North-west (11/20), and none of them were tested positive by ICT. No Mf of <italic>W</italic>
. <italic>bancrofti</italic>
were found in the night blood of any individual with a positive ICT result or clinical lymphoedema. Positive ICT results were strongly associated with high <italic>L</italic>
. <italic>loa</italic>
Mf intensity with 21 subjects having more than 8,000 <italic>L</italic>
. <italic>loa</italic>
Mf ml/blood (Odds ratio = 15.4; 95%CI: 6.1–39.0; p < 0.001). Similarly, a strong positive association (Spearman’s rho = 0.900; p = 0.037) was observed between the prevalence of <italic>L</italic>
. <italic>loa</italic>
and ICT positivity by area: a rate of 1% or more of positive ICT results was found only in areas with an <italic>L</italic>
. <italic>loa</italic>
Mf prevalence above 15%. In contrast, there was no association between ICT positivity and <italic>M</italic>
. <italic>perstans</italic>
prevalence (Spearman’s rho = - 0.200; p = 0.747) and Mf density (Odds ratio = 1.8; 95%CI: 0.8–4.2; p = 0.192).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec003"><title>Conclusions/Significance</title>
<p>This study has confirmed the strong association between the ICT positivity and <italic>L</italic>
. <italic>loa</italic>
intensity (Mf/ml of blood) at the individual level. Furthermore, the study has demonstrated that ICT positivity is strongly associated with high <italic>L</italic>
. <italic>loa</italic>
prevalence. These results suggest that the main confounding factor for positive ICT test card results are high levels of <italic>L</italic>
. <italic>loa</italic>
. The findings may indicate that <italic>W</italic>
. <italic>bancrofti</italic>
is much less prevalent in the Central African region where <italic>L</italic>
. <italic>loa</italic>
is highly endemic than previously assumed and accurate re-mapping of the region would be very useful for shrinking of the map of LF distribution.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
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</TEI>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Cameroun</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Missouri (État)</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Saint-Louis (Missouri)</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>École de médecine (Université Washington de Saint-Louis)</li>
</orgName>
</list>
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<name sortKey="Amvongo Adjia, Nathalie" sort="Amvongo Adjia, Nathalie" uniqKey="Amvongo Adjia N" first="Nathalie" last="Amvongo-Adjia">Nathalie Amvongo-Adjia</name>
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<name sortKey="Datchoua Poutcheu, Fabrice R" sort="Datchoua Poutcheu, Fabrice R" uniqKey="Datchoua Poutcheu F" first="Fabrice R." last="Datchoua-Poutcheu">Fabrice R. Datchoua-Poutcheu</name>
<name sortKey="Enyong, Peter I" sort="Enyong, Peter I" uniqKey="Enyong P" first="Peter I." last="Enyong">Peter I. Enyong</name>
<name sortKey="Enyong, Peter I" sort="Enyong, Peter I" uniqKey="Enyong P" first="Peter I." last="Enyong">Peter I. Enyong</name>
<name sortKey="Fombad, Fanny Fri" sort="Fombad, Fanny Fri" uniqKey="Fombad F" first="Fanny Fri" last="Fombad">Fanny Fri Fombad</name>
<name sortKey="Fombad, Fanny Fri" sort="Fombad, Fanny Fri" uniqKey="Fombad F" first="Fanny Fri" last="Fombad">Fanny Fri Fombad</name>
<name sortKey="Fovennso, Bridget Adzemye" sort="Fovennso, Bridget Adzemye" uniqKey="Fovennso B" first="Bridget Adzemye" last="Fovennso">Bridget Adzemye Fovennso</name>
<name sortKey="Kengne Ouafo, Jonas A" sort="Kengne Ouafo, Jonas A" uniqKey="Kengne Ouafo J" first="Jonas A." last="Kengne-Ouafo">Jonas A. Kengne-Ouafo</name>
<name sortKey="Kengne Ouafo, Jonas A" sort="Kengne Ouafo, Jonas A" uniqKey="Kengne Ouafo J" first="Jonas A." last="Kengne-Ouafo">Jonas A. Kengne-Ouafo</name>
<name sortKey="Njouendou, Abdel Jelil" sort="Njouendou, Abdel Jelil" uniqKey="Njouendou A" first="Abdel Jelil" last="Njouendou">Abdel Jelil Njouendou</name>
<name sortKey="Njouendou, Abdel Jelil" sort="Njouendou, Abdel Jelil" uniqKey="Njouendou A" first="Abdel Jelil" last="Njouendou">Abdel Jelil Njouendou</name>
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<name sortKey="Tayong, Dizzle Bita" sort="Tayong, Dizzle Bita" uniqKey="Tayong D" first="Dizzle Bita" last="Tayong">Dizzle Bita Tayong</name>
<name sortKey="Wanji, Samuel" sort="Wanji, Samuel" uniqKey="Wanji S" first="Samuel" last="Wanji">Samuel Wanji</name>
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<country name="États-Unis"><region name="Missouri (État)"><name sortKey="Fischer, Peter U" sort="Fischer, Peter U" uniqKey="Fischer P" first="Peter U." last="Fischer">Peter U. Fischer</name>
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