Anatomical variations of the axilla
Identifieur interne : 002D55 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 002D54; suivant : 002D56Anatomical variations of the axilla
Auteurs : Emerson Wander Silva Soares [Brésil]Source :
- SpringerPlus [ 2193-1801 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
The present study aimed to measure the thickness of the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) at the site of the surgical incision for axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and to record potential anatomical variations in the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm (MCNA), the intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN), the lateral thoracic vein (LTV), the lateral thoracic artery (LTA) and the pectoral muscle pedicle (PMP), considering that some details of the anatomy of these structures within the axilla are still unclear.
A prospective study was conducted in 100 consecutive patients with breast cancer who underwent ALND as part of surgical treatment. The anatomy of the dissected axilla was video recorded.
The SAT thickness ranged from 8 mm to 60 mm, with an average thickness of 25.9 mm. A positive correlation was observed between the SAT thickness and the body mass index (BMI) of the evaluated patients (r = 0.68;
The present study demonstrated wide variation in thickness of the SAT overlying the axilla and identified the existence of broad normative anatomical variation of the axilla.
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2193-1801-3-306) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-306
PubMed: 25045608
PubMed Central: 4093907
Affiliations:
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Le document en format XML
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Surgical Oncology, Study and Treatment Cancer Center of Western Paraná, (União Oeste Paranaense de Estudos e Combate ao Câncer, UOPECCAN), Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil</nlm:aff>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Anatomical variations of the axilla</title>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Surgical Oncology, Study and Treatment Cancer Center of Western Paraná, (União Oeste Paranaense de Estudos e Combate ao Câncer, UOPECCAN), Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil</nlm:aff>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title>
<p>The present study aimed to measure the thickness of the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) at the site of the surgical incision for axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and to record potential anatomical variations in the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm (MCNA), the intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN), the lateral thoracic vein (LTV), the lateral thoracic artery (LTA) and the pectoral muscle pedicle (PMP), considering that some details of the anatomy of these structures within the axilla are still unclear.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>A prospective study was conducted in 100 consecutive patients with breast cancer who underwent ALND as part of surgical treatment. The anatomy of the dissected axilla was video recorded.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>The SAT thickness ranged from 8 mm to 60 mm, with an average thickness of 25.9 mm. A positive correlation was observed between the SAT thickness and the body mass index (BMI) of the evaluated patients (r = 0.68; <italic>p</italic>
< 0.0001). The MCNA was the anatomical structure that was least commonly observed in the axilla (22% of cases), while the PMP was the most constant element, identified in 100% of cases. All of the studied anatomical structures observed within the axilla showed variation in at least one of the aspects analyzed, i.e., the point of entry and exit, path, number and location of divisions or branches.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>The present study demonstrated wide variation in thickness of the SAT overlying the axilla and identified the existence of broad normative anatomical variation of the axilla.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title>
<p>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2193-1801-3-306) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p>
</sec>
</div>
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<author><name sortKey="Prosnitz, Lr" uniqKey="Prosnitz L">LR Prosnitz</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Chu, L" uniqKey="Chu L">L Chu</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Broadwater, G" uniqKey="Broadwater G">G Broadwater</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Pl" uniqKey="Zhang P">PL Zhang</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Yang, Jz" uniqKey="Yang J">JZ Yang</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Wang, J" uniqKey="Wang J">J Wang</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Qin, Y" uniqKey="Qin Y">Y Qin</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Gl" uniqKey="Zhang G">GL Zhang</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Ren, Dq" uniqKey="Ren D">DQ Ren</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Cui, Cl" uniqKey="Cui C">CL Cui</name>
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