Effects of Bothrops asper Snake Venom on Lymphatic Vessels: Insights into a Hidden Aspect of Envenomation
Identifieur interne : 006B38 ( Main/Curation ); précédent : 006B37; suivant : 006B39Effects of Bothrops asper Snake Venom on Lymphatic Vessels: Insights into a Hidden Aspect of Envenomation
Auteurs : Javier Mora [Costa Rica] ; Rodrigo Mora [Costa Rica] ; Bruno Lomonte [Costa Rica] ; José María Gutiérrez [Costa Rica]Source :
- PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases [ 1935-2727 ] ; 2008.
Abstract
Envenomations by the snake
Our observations indicate that
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000318
PubMed: 18923712
PubMed Central: 2563035
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PMC:2563035Le document en format XML
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Snake Venom on Lymphatic Vessels: Insights into a Hidden Aspect of Envenomation</title>
<author><name sortKey="Mora, Javier" sort="Mora, Javier" uniqKey="Mora J" first="Javier" last="Mora">Javier Mora</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Mora, Rodrigo" sort="Mora, Rodrigo" uniqKey="Mora R" first="Rodrigo" last="Mora">Rodrigo Mora</name>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Effects of <italic>Bothrops asper</italic>
Snake Venom on Lymphatic Vessels: Insights into a Hidden Aspect of Envenomation</title>
<author><name sortKey="Mora, Javier" sort="Mora, Javier" uniqKey="Mora J" first="Javier" last="Mora">Javier Mora</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Costa Rica</country>
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<wicri:noRegion>San José</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Mora, Rodrigo" sort="Mora, Rodrigo" uniqKey="Mora R" first="Rodrigo" last="Mora">Rodrigo Mora</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Costa Rica</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>San José</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Lomonte, Bruno" sort="Lomonte, Bruno" uniqKey="Lomonte B" first="Bruno" last="Lomonte">Bruno Lomonte</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica</addr-line>
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<author><name sortKey="Gutierrez, Jose Maria" sort="Gutierrez, Jose Maria" uniqKey="Gutierrez J" first="José María" last="Gutiérrez">José María Gutiérrez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Costa Rica</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>San José</wicri:noRegion>
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<series><title level="j">PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases</title>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>Envenomations by the snake <italic>Bothrops asper</italic>
represent a serious medical problem in Central America and parts of South America. These envenomations concur with drastic local tissue pathology, including a prominent edema. Since lymph flow plays a role in the maintenance of tissue fluid balance, the effect of <italic>B. asper</italic>
venom on collecting lymphatic vessels was studied.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methodology/Principal Findings</title>
<p><italic>B. asper</italic>
venom was applied to mouse mesentery, and the effects were studied using an intravital microscopy methodology coupled with an image analysis program. <italic>B. asper</italic>
venom induced a dose-dependent contraction of collecting lymphatic vessels, resulting in a reduction of their lumen and in a halting of lymph flow. The effect was reproduced by a myotoxic phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>
(PLA<sub>2</sub>
) homologue isolated from this venom, but not by a hemorrhagic metalloproteinase or a coagulant thrombin-like serine proteinase. In agreement with this, treatment of the venom with fucoidan, a myotoxin inhibitor, abrogated the effect, whereas no inhibition was observed after incubation with the peptidomimetic metalloproteinase inhibitor Batimastat. Moreover, fucoidan significantly reduced venom-induced footpad edema. The myotoxic PLA<sub>2</sub>
homologue, known to induce skeletal muscle necrosis, was able to induce cytotoxicity in smooth muscle cells in culture and to promote an increment in the permeability to propidium iodide in these cells.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions/Significance</title>
<p>Our observations indicate that <italic>B. asper</italic>
venom affects collecting lymphatic vessels through the action of myotoxic PLA<sub>2</sub>
s on the smooth muscle of these vessels, inducing cell contraction and irreversible cell damage. This activity may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the pronounced local edema characteristic of viperid snakebite envenomation, as well as in the systemic biodistribution of the venom, thus representing a potential therapeutical target in these envenomations.</p>
</sec>
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