Effects of Bothrops asper Snake Venom on Lymphatic Vessels: Insights into a Hidden Aspect of Envenomation
Identifieur interne : 003009 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 003008; suivant : 003010Effects of Bothrops asper Snake Venom on Lymphatic Vessels: Insights into a Hidden Aspect of Envenomation
Auteurs : Javier Mora [Costa Rica] ; Rodrigo Mora [Costa Rica] ; Bruno Lomonte [Costa Rica] ; José María Gutiérrez [Costa Rica]Source :
- PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases [ 1935-2727 ] ; 2008.
Abstract
Envenomations by the snake
Our observations indicate that
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000318
PubMed: 18923712
PubMed Central: 2563035
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 002950
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 002949
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 003990
Links to Exploration step
PMC:2563035Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Effects of <italic>Bothrops asper</italic>
Snake Venom on Lymphatic Vessels: Insights into a Hidden Aspect of Envenomation</title>
<author><name sortKey="Mora, Javier" sort="Mora, Javier" uniqKey="Mora J" first="Javier" last="Mora">Javier Mora</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Costa Rica</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>San José</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mora, Rodrigo" sort="Mora, Rodrigo" uniqKey="Mora R" first="Rodrigo" last="Mora">Rodrigo Mora</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Costa Rica</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>San José</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lomonte, Bruno" sort="Lomonte, Bruno" uniqKey="Lomonte B" first="Bruno" last="Lomonte">Bruno Lomonte</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Costa Rica</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>San José</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gutierrez, Jose Maria" sort="Gutierrez, Jose Maria" uniqKey="Gutierrez J" first="José María" last="Gutiérrez">José María Gutiérrez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Costa Rica</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>San José</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">18923712</idno>
<idno type="pmc">2563035</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2563035</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:2563035</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pntd.0000318</idno>
<date when="2008">2008</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002950</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002950</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002949</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002949</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">003990</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">003990</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">003009</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Effects of <italic>Bothrops asper</italic>
Snake Venom on Lymphatic Vessels: Insights into a Hidden Aspect of Envenomation</title>
<author><name sortKey="Mora, Javier" sort="Mora, Javier" uniqKey="Mora J" first="Javier" last="Mora">Javier Mora</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Costa Rica</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>San José</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mora, Rodrigo" sort="Mora, Rodrigo" uniqKey="Mora R" first="Rodrigo" last="Mora">Rodrigo Mora</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Costa Rica</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>San José</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lomonte, Bruno" sort="Lomonte, Bruno" uniqKey="Lomonte B" first="Bruno" last="Lomonte">Bruno Lomonte</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Costa Rica</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>San José</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gutierrez, Jose Maria" sort="Gutierrez, Jose Maria" uniqKey="Gutierrez J" first="José María" last="Gutiérrez">José María Gutiérrez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Costa Rica</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>San José</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1935-2727</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1935-2735</idno>
<imprint><date when="2008">2008</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>Envenomations by the snake <italic>Bothrops asper</italic>
represent a serious medical problem in Central America and parts of South America. These envenomations concur with drastic local tissue pathology, including a prominent edema. Since lymph flow plays a role in the maintenance of tissue fluid balance, the effect of <italic>B. asper</italic>
venom on collecting lymphatic vessels was studied.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methodology/Principal Findings</title>
<p><italic>B. asper</italic>
venom was applied to mouse mesentery, and the effects were studied using an intravital microscopy methodology coupled with an image analysis program. <italic>B. asper</italic>
venom induced a dose-dependent contraction of collecting lymphatic vessels, resulting in a reduction of their lumen and in a halting of lymph flow. The effect was reproduced by a myotoxic phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>
(PLA<sub>2</sub>
) homologue isolated from this venom, but not by a hemorrhagic metalloproteinase or a coagulant thrombin-like serine proteinase. In agreement with this, treatment of the venom with fucoidan, a myotoxin inhibitor, abrogated the effect, whereas no inhibition was observed after incubation with the peptidomimetic metalloproteinase inhibitor Batimastat. Moreover, fucoidan significantly reduced venom-induced footpad edema. The myotoxic PLA<sub>2</sub>
homologue, known to induce skeletal muscle necrosis, was able to induce cytotoxicity in smooth muscle cells in culture and to promote an increment in the permeability to propidium iodide in these cells.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions/Significance</title>
<p>Our observations indicate that <italic>B. asper</italic>
venom affects collecting lymphatic vessels through the action of myotoxic PLA<sub>2</sub>
s on the smooth muscle of these vessels, inducing cell contraction and irreversible cell damage. This activity may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the pronounced local edema characteristic of viperid snakebite envenomation, as well as in the systemic biodistribution of the venom, thus representing a potential therapeutical target in these envenomations.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article" xml:lang="EN"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS Negl Trop Dis</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosntds</journal-id>
<journal-title>PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases</journal-title>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1935-2727</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1935-2735</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>San Francisco, USA</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">18923712</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2563035</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">08-PNTD-RA-0187R2</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pntd.0000318</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline"><subject>Biochemistry/Protein Chemistry</subject>
<subject>Pathology/Cellular Pathology</subject>
<subject>Pathology/Histopathology</subject>
<subject>Pathology/Pathophysiology</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Effects of <italic>Bothrops asper</italic>
Snake Venom on Lymphatic Vessels: Insights into a Hidden Aspect of Envenomation</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Effect of Snake Venom on Lymphatics</alt-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mora</surname>
<given-names>Javier</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mora</surname>
<given-names>Rodrigo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lomonte</surname>
<given-names>Bruno</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gutiérrez</surname>
<given-names>José María</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>
<addr-line>Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>
<addr-line>Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>
<addr-line>Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica</addr-line>
</aff>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Harrison</surname>
<given-names>Robert</given-names>
</name>
<role>Editor</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="edit1">Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail: <email>jgutierr@icp.ucr.ac.cr</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="con"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: JM RM BL JMG. Performed the experiments: JM BL JMG. Analyzed the data: JM RM BL JMG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JM RM BL JMG. Wrote the paper: JM RM BL JMG.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>10</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2</volume>
<issue>10</issue>
<elocation-id>e318</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>6</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2008</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>16</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2008</year>
</date>
</history>
<copyright-statement>Mora et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2008</copyright-year>
<abstract><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>Envenomations by the snake <italic>Bothrops asper</italic>
represent a serious medical problem in Central America and parts of South America. These envenomations concur with drastic local tissue pathology, including a prominent edema. Since lymph flow plays a role in the maintenance of tissue fluid balance, the effect of <italic>B. asper</italic>
venom on collecting lymphatic vessels was studied.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methodology/Principal Findings</title>
<p><italic>B. asper</italic>
venom was applied to mouse mesentery, and the effects were studied using an intravital microscopy methodology coupled with an image analysis program. <italic>B. asper</italic>
venom induced a dose-dependent contraction of collecting lymphatic vessels, resulting in a reduction of their lumen and in a halting of lymph flow. The effect was reproduced by a myotoxic phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>
(PLA<sub>2</sub>
) homologue isolated from this venom, but not by a hemorrhagic metalloproteinase or a coagulant thrombin-like serine proteinase. In agreement with this, treatment of the venom with fucoidan, a myotoxin inhibitor, abrogated the effect, whereas no inhibition was observed after incubation with the peptidomimetic metalloproteinase inhibitor Batimastat. Moreover, fucoidan significantly reduced venom-induced footpad edema. The myotoxic PLA<sub>2</sub>
homologue, known to induce skeletal muscle necrosis, was able to induce cytotoxicity in smooth muscle cells in culture and to promote an increment in the permeability to propidium iodide in these cells.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions/Significance</title>
<p>Our observations indicate that <italic>B. asper</italic>
venom affects collecting lymphatic vessels through the action of myotoxic PLA<sub>2</sub>
s on the smooth muscle of these vessels, inducing cell contraction and irreversible cell damage. This activity may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the pronounced local edema characteristic of viperid snakebite envenomation, as well as in the systemic biodistribution of the venom, thus representing a potential therapeutical target in these envenomations.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="summary"><title>Author Summary</title>
<p>Envenomations by snakes of the family Viperidae (pit vipers) induce severe pathological alterations at the site of venom injection, such as edema, necrosis, hemorrhage, and blistering, which may lead to permanent tissue damage and disability. Edema is a prominent and common manifestation in these envenomations. The effect of viperid snake venoms in lymphatic vessels has not been previously investigated. This study analyzed the effect of the venom of <italic>Bothrops asper</italic>
, the most important venomous snake in Central America, on the collecting lymphatic vessels of the mouse mesentery. The venom induced a rapid reduction in the lumen of these lymphatics, associated with a halting in the flow of lymph. These effects were reproduced by a myotoxic phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>
homologue isolated from this venom, but not by a hemorrhagic metalloproteinase nor by a coagulant serine proteinase. <italic>B. asper</italic>
venom, and the purified myotoxin, were cytotoxic for smooth muscle cells in culture, thus suggesting that the alterations observed in lymphatics are due to the effect on smooth muscle cells of the lymphatic vessel wall. These results demonstrate a direct effect of <italic>B. asper</italic>
venom on lymphatics, which is likely to contribute to the prominent edema characteristic of these envenomations.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="10"></page-count>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Costa Rica</li>
</country>
</list>
<tree><country name="Costa Rica"><noRegion><name sortKey="Mora, Javier" sort="Mora, Javier" uniqKey="Mora J" first="Javier" last="Mora">Javier Mora</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Gutierrez, Jose Maria" sort="Gutierrez, Jose Maria" uniqKey="Gutierrez J" first="José María" last="Gutiérrez">José María Gutiérrez</name>
<name sortKey="Lomonte, Bruno" sort="Lomonte, Bruno" uniqKey="Lomonte B" first="Bruno" last="Lomonte">Bruno Lomonte</name>
<name sortKey="Mora, Rodrigo" sort="Mora, Rodrigo" uniqKey="Mora R" first="Rodrigo" last="Mora">Rodrigo Mora</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/LymphedemaV1/Data/Ncbi/Merge
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 003009 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/biblio.hfd -nk 003009 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Wicri/Sante |area= LymphedemaV1 |flux= Ncbi |étape= Merge |type= RBID |clé= PMC:2563035 |texte= Effects of Bothrops asper Snake Venom on Lymphatic Vessels: Insights into a Hidden Aspect of Envenomation }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:18923712" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a LymphedemaV1
This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.31. |