Near-real-time monitoring of global CO2 emissions reveals the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Identifieur interne : 001520 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001519; suivant : 001521Near-real-time monitoring of global CO2 emissions reveals the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Auteurs : Zhu Liu [République populaire de Chine] ; Philippe Ciais [France] ; Zhu Deng [République populaire de Chine] ; Ruixue Lei [États-Unis] ; Steven J. Davis [États-Unis] ; Sha Feng [États-Unis] ; Bo Zheng [France] ; Duo Cui [République populaire de Chine] ; Xinyu Dou [République populaire de Chine] ; Biqing Zhu [République populaire de Chine] ; Rui Guo [République populaire de Chine] ; Piyu Ke [République populaire de Chine] ; Taochun Sun [République populaire de Chine] ; Chenxi Lu [République populaire de Chine] ; Pan He [République populaire de Chine] ; Yuan Wang [États-Unis] ; Xu Yue [République populaire de Chine] ; Yilong Wang [République populaire de Chine] ; Yadong Lei [République populaire de Chine] ; Hao Zhou [République populaire de Chine] ; Zhaonan Cai [République populaire de Chine] ; Yuhui Wu [République populaire de Chine] ; Runtao Guo [République populaire de Chine] ; Tingxuan Han [République populaire de Chine] ; Jinjun Xue [République populaire de Chine, Japon] ; Olivier Boucher [France] ; Eulalie Boucher [France] ; Frédéric Chevallier [France] ; Katsumasa Tanaka [France, Japon] ; Yiming Wei [République populaire de Chine] ; Haiwang Zhong [République populaire de Chine] ; Chongqing Kang [République populaire de Chine] ; Ning Zhang [République populaire de Chine] ; Bin Chen [République populaire de Chine] ; Fengming Xi [République populaire de Chine] ; Miaomiao Liu [République populaire de Chine] ; François-Marie Bréon [France] ; Yonglong Lu [République populaire de Chine] ; Qiang Zhang [République populaire de Chine] ; Dabo Guan [République populaire de Chine] ; Peng Gong [République populaire de Chine] ; Daniel M. Kammen [États-Unis] ; Kebin He [République populaire de Chine] ; Hans Joachim Schellnhuber [République populaire de Chine, Allemagne]Source :
- Nature communications [ 2041-1723 ] ; 2020.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Betacoronavirus (MeSH), Combustibles fossiles (analyse), Combustibles fossiles (économie), Dioxyde d'azote (analyse), Dioxyde d'azote (économie), Dioxyde de carbone (analyse), Dioxyde de carbone (économie), Humains (MeSH), Industrie (économie), Infections à coronavirus (prévention et contrôle), Infections à coronavirus (économie), Infections à coronavirus (épidémiologie), Pandémies (prévention et contrôle), Pandémies (économie), Pneumopathie virale (prévention et contrôle), Pneumopathie virale (économie), Pneumopathie virale (épidémiologie), Polluants atmosphériques (analyse), Polluants atmosphériques (économie), Surveillance de l'environnement (MeSH).
- MESH :
- analyse : Combustibles fossiles, Dioxyde d'azote, Dioxyde de carbone, Polluants atmosphériques.
- prévention et contrôle : Infections à coronavirus, Pandémies, Pneumopathie virale.
- économie : Combustibles fossiles, Dioxyde d'azote, Dioxyde de carbone, Industrie, Infections à coronavirus, Pandémies, Pneumopathie virale, Polluants atmosphériques.
- épidémiologie : Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale.
- Betacoronavirus, Humains, Surveillance de l'environnement.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Air Pollutants (analysis), Air Pollutants (economics), Betacoronavirus (MeSH), COVID-19 (MeSH), Carbon Dioxide (analysis), Carbon Dioxide (economics), Coronavirus Infections (economics), Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology), Coronavirus Infections (prevention & control), Environmental Monitoring (MeSH), Fossil Fuels (analysis), Fossil Fuels (economics), Humans (MeSH), Industry (economics), Nitrogen Dioxide (analysis), Nitrogen Dioxide (economics), Pandemics (economics), Pandemics (prevention & control), Pneumonia, Viral (economics), Pneumonia, Viral (epidemiology), Pneumonia, Viral (prevention & control), SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , analysis : Air Pollutants, Carbon Dioxide, Fossil Fuels, Nitrogen Dioxide.
- chemical , economics : Air Pollutants, Carbon Dioxide, Fossil Fuels, Nitrogen Dioxide.
- economics : Coronavirus Infections, Industry, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral.
- epidemiology : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- prevention & control : Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral.
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, SARS-CoV-2.
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is impacting human activities, and in turn energy use and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Here we present daily estimates of country-level CO2 emissions for different sectors based on near-real-time activity data. The key result is an abrupt 8.8% decrease in global CO2 emissions (-1551 Mt CO2) in the first half of 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. The magnitude of this decrease is larger than during previous economic downturns or World War II. The timing of emissions decreases corresponds to lockdown measures in each country. By July 1st, the pandemic's effects on global emissions diminished as lockdown restrictions relaxed and some economic activities restarted, especially in China and several European countries, but substantial differences persist between countries, with continuing emission declines in the U.S. where coronavirus cases are still increasing substantially.
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18922-7
PubMed: 33057164
PubMed Central: PMC7560733
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, France, Japon, République populaire de Chine, États-Unis
- Brandebourg, Californie, Hubei, Pennsylvanie, Île-de-France
- Gif-sur-Yvette, Paris, Potsdam, Pékin, University Park (Pennsylvanie), Wuhan
- Université d'État de Pennsylvanie
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
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Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Han, Tingxuan" sort="Han, Tingxuan" uniqKey="Han T" first="Tingxuan" last="Han">Tingxuan Han</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Mathematical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Mathematical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xue, Jinjun" sort="Xue, Jinjun" uniqKey="Xue J" first="Jinjun" last="Xue">Jinjun Xue</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Center of Hubei Cooperative Innovation for Emissions Trading System, Wuhan, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of Hubei Cooperative Innovation for Emissions Trading System, Wuhan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Wuhan</settlement><region type="région">Hubei</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Management and Economics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 13, Kunming, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Management and Economics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 13, Kunming</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kunming</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Economic Research Centre of Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Economic Research Centre of Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nagoya</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boucher, Olivier" sort="Boucher, Olivier" uniqKey="Boucher O" first="Olivier" last="Boucher">Olivier Boucher</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Sorbonne Université / CNRS, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Sorbonne Université / CNRS, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boucher, Eulalie" sort="Boucher, Eulalie" uniqKey="Boucher E" first="Eulalie" last="Boucher">Eulalie Boucher</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Université Paris Dauphine, Place du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 75016, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université Paris Dauphine, Place du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 75016, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chevallier, Frederic" sort="Chevallier, Frederic" uniqKey="Chevallier F" first="Frédéric" last="Chevallier">Frédéric Chevallier</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement LSCE, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Centre d'Etudes Orme de Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement LSCE, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Centre d'Etudes Orme de Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Gif-sur-Yvette</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, Katsumasa" sort="Tanaka, Katsumasa" uniqKey="Tanaka K" first="Katsumasa" last="Tanaka">Katsumasa Tanaka</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement LSCE, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Centre d'Etudes Orme de Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement LSCE, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Centre d'Etudes Orme de Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Gif-sur-Yvette</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tsukuba</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wei, Yiming" sort="Wei, Yiming" uniqKey="Wei Y" first="Yiming" last="Wei">Yiming Wei</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhong, Haiwang" sort="Zhong, Haiwang" uniqKey="Zhong H" first="Haiwang" last="Zhong">Haiwang Zhong</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Electrical Engineering, the State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment, Institute for National Governance and Global Governance, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Electrical Engineering, the State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment, Institute for National Governance and Global Governance, Tsinghua University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kang, Chongqing" sort="Kang, Chongqing" uniqKey="Kang C" first="Chongqing" last="Kang">Chongqing Kang</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Electrical Engineering, the State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment, Institute for National Governance and Global Governance, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Electrical Engineering, the State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment, Institute for National Governance and Global Governance, Tsinghua University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Ning" sort="Zhang, Ning" uniqKey="Zhang N" first="Ning" last="Zhang">Ning Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Blue and Green Development Shandong University, Weihai, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Blue and Green Development Shandong University, Weihai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Weihai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Bin" sort="Chen, Bin" uniqKey="Chen B" first="Bin" last="Chen">Bin Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xi, Fengming" sort="Xi, Fengming" uniqKey="Xi F" first="Fengming" last="Xi">Fengming Xi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shenyang</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Miaomiao" sort="Liu, Miaomiao" uniqKey="Liu M" first="Miaomiao" last="Liu">Miaomiao Liu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nanjing</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Breon, Francois Marie" sort="Breon, Francois Marie" uniqKey="Breon F" first="François-Marie" last="Bréon">François-Marie Bréon</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement LSCE, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Centre d'Etudes Orme de Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement LSCE, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Centre d'Etudes Orme de Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Gif-sur-Yvette</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, Yonglong" sort="Lu, Yonglong" uniqKey="Lu Y" first="Yonglong" last="Lu">Yonglong Lu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology of Ministry of Education, College of Ecology and the Environment, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology of Ministry of Education, College of Ecology and the Environment, Xiamen University, Xiamen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Xiamen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Qiang" sort="Zhang, Qiang" uniqKey="Zhang Q" first="Qiang" last="Zhang">Qiang Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guan, Dabo" sort="Guan, Dabo" uniqKey="Guan D" first="Dabo" last="Guan">Dabo Guan</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gong, Peng" sort="Gong, Peng" uniqKey="Gong P" first="Peng" last="Gong">Peng Gong</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kammen, Daniel M" sort="Kammen, Daniel M" uniqKey="Kammen D" first="Daniel M" last="Kammen">Daniel M. Kammen</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Energy and Resources Group and Goldman School of Public Policy, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Energy and Resources Group and Goldman School of Public Policy, University of California, Berkeley, CA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="He, Kebin" sort="He, Kebin" uniqKey="He K" first="Kebin" last="He">Kebin He</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim" sort="Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim" uniqKey="Schellnhuber H" first="Hans Joachim" last="Schellnhuber">Hans Joachim Schellnhuber</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Brandebourg</region><settlement type="city">Potsdam</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:33057164</idno><idno type="pmid">33057164</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/s41467-020-18922-7</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7560733</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">001247</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001247</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">001247</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">001247</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">001247</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Near-real-time monitoring of global CO<sub>2</sub> emissions reveals the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.</title><author><name sortKey="Liu, Zhu" sort="Liu, Zhu" uniqKey="Liu Z" first="Zhu" last="Liu">Zhu Liu</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. zhuliu@tsinghua.edu.cn.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ciais, Philippe" sort="Ciais, Philippe" uniqKey="Ciais P" first="Philippe" last="Ciais">Philippe Ciais</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement LSCE, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Centre d'Etudes Orme de Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement LSCE, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Centre d'Etudes Orme de Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Gif-sur-Yvette</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deng, Zhu" sort="Deng, Zhu" uniqKey="Deng Z" first="Zhu" last="Deng">Zhu Deng</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lei, Ruixue" sort="Lei, Ruixue" uniqKey="Lei R" first="Ruixue" last="Lei">Ruixue Lei</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region><settlement type="city">University Park (Pennsylvanie)</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'État de Pennsylvanie</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davis, Steven J" sort="Davis, Steven J" uniqKey="Davis S" first="Steven J" last="Davis">Steven J. Davis</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, 3232, Croul Hall, Irvine, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, 3232, Croul Hall, Irvine, CA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feng, Sha" sort="Feng, Sha" uniqKey="Feng S" first="Sha" last="Feng">Sha Feng</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region><settlement type="city">University Park (Pennsylvanie)</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'État de Pennsylvanie</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zheng, Bo" sort="Zheng, Bo" uniqKey="Zheng B" first="Bo" last="Zheng">Bo Zheng</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement LSCE, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Centre d'Etudes Orme de Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement LSCE, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Centre d'Etudes Orme de Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Gif-sur-Yvette</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cui, Duo" sort="Cui, Duo" uniqKey="Cui D" first="Duo" last="Cui">Duo Cui</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dou, Xinyu" sort="Dou, Xinyu" uniqKey="Dou X" first="Xinyu" last="Dou">Xinyu Dou</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, Biqing" sort="Zhu, Biqing" uniqKey="Zhu B" first="Biqing" last="Zhu">Biqing Zhu</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guo, Rui" sort="Guo, Rui" uniqKey="Guo R" first="Rui" last="Guo">Rui Guo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ke, Piyu" sort="Ke, Piyu" uniqKey="Ke P" first="Piyu" last="Ke">Piyu Ke</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sun, Taochun" sort="Sun, Taochun" uniqKey="Sun T" first="Taochun" last="Sun">Taochun Sun</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, Chenxi" sort="Lu, Chenxi" uniqKey="Lu C" first="Chenxi" last="Lu">Chenxi Lu</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="He, Pan" sort="He, Pan" uniqKey="He P" first="Pan" last="He">Pan He</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Yuan" sort="Wang, Yuan" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yuan" last="Wang">Yuan Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yue, Xu" sort="Yue, Xu" uniqKey="Yue X" first="Xu" last="Yue">Xu Yue</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nanjing</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Yilong" sort="Wang, Yilong" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yilong" last="Wang">Yilong Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lei, Yadong" sort="Lei, Yadong" uniqKey="Lei Y" first="Yadong" last="Lei">Yadong Lei</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Climate Change Research Center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Climate Change Research Center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Hao" sort="Zhou, Hao" uniqKey="Zhou H" first="Hao" last="Zhou">Hao Zhou</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Climate Change Research Center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Climate Change Research Center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cai, Zhaonan" sort="Cai, Zhaonan" uniqKey="Cai Z" first="Zhaonan" last="Cai">Zhaonan Cai</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Yuhui" sort="Wu, Yuhui" uniqKey="Wu Y" first="Yuhui" last="Wu">Yuhui Wu</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guo, Runtao" sort="Guo, Runtao" uniqKey="Guo R" first="Runtao" last="Guo">Runtao Guo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>School of Mathematical School, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Mathematical School, Tsinghua University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Han, Tingxuan" sort="Han, Tingxuan" uniqKey="Han T" first="Tingxuan" last="Han">Tingxuan Han</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Mathematical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Mathematical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xue, Jinjun" sort="Xue, Jinjun" uniqKey="Xue J" first="Jinjun" last="Xue">Jinjun Xue</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Center of Hubei Cooperative Innovation for Emissions Trading System, Wuhan, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of Hubei Cooperative Innovation for Emissions Trading System, Wuhan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Wuhan</settlement><region type="région">Hubei</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Management and Economics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 13, Kunming, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Management and Economics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 13, Kunming</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kunming</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Economic Research Centre of Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Economic Research Centre of Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nagoya</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boucher, Olivier" sort="Boucher, Olivier" uniqKey="Boucher O" first="Olivier" last="Boucher">Olivier Boucher</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Sorbonne Université / CNRS, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Sorbonne Université / CNRS, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boucher, Eulalie" sort="Boucher, Eulalie" uniqKey="Boucher E" first="Eulalie" last="Boucher">Eulalie Boucher</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Université Paris Dauphine, Place du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 75016, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université Paris Dauphine, Place du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 75016, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chevallier, Frederic" sort="Chevallier, Frederic" uniqKey="Chevallier F" first="Frédéric" last="Chevallier">Frédéric Chevallier</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement LSCE, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Centre d'Etudes Orme de Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement LSCE, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Centre d'Etudes Orme de Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Gif-sur-Yvette</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, Katsumasa" sort="Tanaka, Katsumasa" uniqKey="Tanaka K" first="Katsumasa" last="Tanaka">Katsumasa Tanaka</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement LSCE, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Centre d'Etudes Orme de Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement LSCE, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Centre d'Etudes Orme de Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Gif-sur-Yvette</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tsukuba</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wei, Yiming" sort="Wei, Yiming" uniqKey="Wei Y" first="Yiming" last="Wei">Yiming Wei</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhong, Haiwang" sort="Zhong, Haiwang" uniqKey="Zhong H" first="Haiwang" last="Zhong">Haiwang Zhong</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Electrical Engineering, the State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment, Institute for National Governance and Global Governance, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Electrical Engineering, the State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment, Institute for National Governance and Global Governance, Tsinghua University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kang, Chongqing" sort="Kang, Chongqing" uniqKey="Kang C" first="Chongqing" last="Kang">Chongqing Kang</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Electrical Engineering, the State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment, Institute for National Governance and Global Governance, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Electrical Engineering, the State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment, Institute for National Governance and Global Governance, Tsinghua University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Ning" sort="Zhang, Ning" uniqKey="Zhang N" first="Ning" last="Zhang">Ning Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Blue and Green Development Shandong University, Weihai, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Blue and Green Development Shandong University, Weihai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Weihai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Bin" sort="Chen, Bin" uniqKey="Chen B" first="Bin" last="Chen">Bin Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xi, Fengming" sort="Xi, Fengming" uniqKey="Xi F" first="Fengming" last="Xi">Fengming Xi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shenyang</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Miaomiao" sort="Liu, Miaomiao" uniqKey="Liu M" first="Miaomiao" last="Liu">Miaomiao Liu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nanjing</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Breon, Francois Marie" sort="Breon, Francois Marie" uniqKey="Breon F" first="François-Marie" last="Bréon">François-Marie Bréon</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement LSCE, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Centre d'Etudes Orme de Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement LSCE, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Centre d'Etudes Orme de Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Gif-sur-Yvette</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, Yonglong" sort="Lu, Yonglong" uniqKey="Lu Y" first="Yonglong" last="Lu">Yonglong Lu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology of Ministry of Education, College of Ecology and the Environment, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology of Ministry of Education, College of Ecology and the Environment, Xiamen University, Xiamen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Xiamen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Qiang" sort="Zhang, Qiang" uniqKey="Zhang Q" first="Qiang" last="Zhang">Qiang Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guan, Dabo" sort="Guan, Dabo" uniqKey="Guan D" first="Dabo" last="Guan">Dabo Guan</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gong, Peng" sort="Gong, Peng" uniqKey="Gong P" first="Peng" last="Gong">Peng Gong</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kammen, Daniel M" sort="Kammen, Daniel M" uniqKey="Kammen D" first="Daniel M" last="Kammen">Daniel M. Kammen</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Energy and Resources Group and Goldman School of Public Policy, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Energy and Resources Group and Goldman School of Public Policy, University of California, Berkeley, CA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="He, Kebin" sort="He, Kebin" uniqKey="He K" first="Kebin" last="He">Kebin He</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim" sort="Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim" uniqKey="Schellnhuber H" first="Hans Joachim" last="Schellnhuber">Hans Joachim Schellnhuber</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Brandebourg</region><settlement type="city">Potsdam</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature communications</title><idno type="eISSN">2041-1723</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Air Pollutants (analysis)</term><term>Air Pollutants (economics)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term><term>COVID-19 (MeSH)</term><term>Carbon Dioxide (analysis)</term><term>Carbon Dioxide (economics)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (economics)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (prevention & control)</term><term>Environmental Monitoring (MeSH)</term><term>Fossil Fuels (analysis)</term><term>Fossil Fuels (economics)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Industry (economics)</term><term>Nitrogen Dioxide (analysis)</term><term>Nitrogen Dioxide (economics)</term><term>Pandemics (economics)</term><term>Pandemics (prevention & control)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (economics)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (epidemiology)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (prevention & control)</term><term>SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term><term>Combustibles fossiles (analyse)</term><term>Combustibles fossiles (économie)</term><term>Dioxyde d'azote (analyse)</term><term>Dioxyde d'azote (économie)</term><term>Dioxyde de carbone (analyse)</term><term>Dioxyde de carbone (économie)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Industrie (économie)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (prévention et contrôle)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (économie)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (épidémiologie)</term><term>Pandémies (prévention et contrôle)</term><term>Pandémies (économie)</term><term>Pneumopathie virale (prévention et contrôle)</term><term>Pneumopathie virale (économie)</term><term>Pneumopathie virale (épidémiologie)</term><term>Polluants atmosphériques (analyse)</term><term>Polluants atmosphériques (économie)</term><term>Surveillance de l'environnement (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en"><term>Air Pollutants</term><term>Carbon Dioxide</term><term>Fossil Fuels</term><term>Nitrogen Dioxide</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="economics" xml:lang="en"><term>Air Pollutants</term><term>Carbon Dioxide</term><term>Fossil Fuels</term><term>Nitrogen Dioxide</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="analyse" xml:lang="fr"><term>Combustibles fossiles</term><term>Dioxyde d'azote</term><term>Dioxyde de carbone</term><term>Polluants atmosphériques</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="economics" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Industry</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prevention & control" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prévention et contrôle" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Pandémies</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="économie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Combustibles fossiles</term><term>Dioxyde d'azote</term><term>Dioxyde de carbone</term><term>Industrie</term><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Pandémies</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term><term>Polluants atmosphériques</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>COVID-19</term><term>Environmental Monitoring</term><term>Humans</term><term>SARS-CoV-2</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>Humains</term><term>Surveillance de l'environnement</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The COVID-19 pandemic is impacting human activities, and in turn energy use and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions. Here we present daily estimates of country-level CO<sub>2</sub> emissions for different sectors based on near-real-time activity data. The key result is an abrupt 8.8% decrease in global CO<sub>2</sub> emissions (-1551 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>) in the first half of 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. The magnitude of this decrease is larger than during previous economic downturns or World War II. The timing of emissions decreases corresponds to lockdown measures in each country. By July 1st, the pandemic's effects on global emissions diminished as lockdown restrictions relaxed and some economic activities restarted, especially in China and several European countries, but substantial differences persist between countries, with continuing emission declines in the U.S. where coronavirus cases are still increasing substantially.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33057164</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>26</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>21</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2041-1723</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>11</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>14</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Nature communications</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Nat Commun</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Near-real-time monitoring of global CO<sub>2</sub> emissions reveals the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>5172</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1038/s41467-020-18922-7</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The COVID-19 pandemic is impacting human activities, and in turn energy use and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions. Here we present daily estimates of country-level CO<sub>2</sub> emissions for different sectors based on near-real-time activity data. The key result is an abrupt 8.8% decrease in global CO<sub>2</sub> emissions (-1551 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>) in the first half of 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. The magnitude of this decrease is larger than during previous economic downturns or World War II. The timing of emissions decreases corresponds to lockdown measures in each country. By July 1st, the pandemic's effects on global emissions diminished as lockdown restrictions relaxed and some economic activities restarted, especially in China and several European countries, but substantial differences persist between countries, with continuing emission declines in the U.S. where coronavirus cases are still increasing substantially.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>Zhu</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8968-7050</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. zhuliu@tsinghua.edu.cn.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ciais</LastName><ForeName>Philippe</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8560-4943</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement LSCE, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Centre d'Etudes Orme de Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Deng</LastName><ForeName>Zhu</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6409-9578</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lei</LastName><ForeName>Ruixue</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6226-7075</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Davis</LastName><ForeName>Steven J</ForeName><Initials>SJ</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9338-0844</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, 3232, Croul Hall, Irvine, CA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Feng</LastName><ForeName>Sha</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2376-0868</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zheng</LastName><ForeName>Bo</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8344-3445</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement LSCE, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Centre d'Etudes Orme de Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cui</LastName><ForeName>Duo</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dou</LastName><ForeName>Xinyu</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7783-6971</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhu</LastName><ForeName>Biqing</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9360-6797</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Guo</LastName><ForeName>Rui</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5536-0669</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ke</LastName><ForeName>Piyu</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0353-6313</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sun</LastName><ForeName>Taochun</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3640-6005</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lu</LastName><ForeName>Chenxi</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>He</LastName><ForeName>Pan</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Yuan</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yue</LastName><ForeName>Xu</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8861-8192</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Yilong</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lei</LastName><ForeName>Yadong</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Climate Change Research Center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhou</LastName><ForeName>Hao</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Climate Change Research Center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cai</LastName><ForeName>Zhaonan</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wu</LastName><ForeName>Yuhui</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Guo</LastName><ForeName>Runtao</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Mathematical School, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Han</LastName><ForeName>Tingxuan</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Mathematical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Xue</LastName><ForeName>Jinjun</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6794-1361</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center of Hubei Cooperative Innovation for Emissions Trading System, Wuhan, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculty of Management and Economics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 13, Kunming, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Economic Research Centre of Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Boucher</LastName><ForeName>Olivier</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Sorbonne Université / CNRS, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author 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d'Etudes Orme de Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wei</LastName><ForeName>Yiming</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8476-7334</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhong</LastName><ForeName>Haiwang</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Electrical Engineering, the State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment, Institute for National Governance and Global Governance, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kang</LastName><ForeName>Chongqing</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Electrical Engineering, the State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment, Institute for National Governance and Global Governance, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Ning</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Blue and Green Development Shandong University, Weihai, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chen</LastName><ForeName>Bin</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Xi</LastName><ForeName>Fengming</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Applied Ecology, 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Ministry of Education, College of Ecology and the Environment, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Qiang</ForeName><Initials>Q</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8376-131X</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Guan</LastName><ForeName>Dabo</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gong</LastName><ForeName>Peng</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1513-3765</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kammen</LastName><ForeName>Daniel M</ForeName><Initials>DM</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2984-7777</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Energy and Resources Group and Goldman School of Public Policy, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>He</LastName><ForeName>Kebin</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schellnhuber</LastName><ForeName>Hans Joachim</ForeName><Initials>HJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>14</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Nat Commun</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101528555</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2041-1723</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000393">Air Pollutants</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D005579">Fossil Fuels</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>142M471B3J</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D002245">Carbon Dioxide</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>S7G510RUBH</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D009585">Nitrogen Dioxide</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="ErratumIn"><RefSource>Nat Commun. 2020 Dec 2;11(1):6292</RefSource><PMID Version="1">33268773</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Nature. 2021 Jan;589(7842):343</RefSource><PMID Version="1">33452515</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000393" MajorTopicYN="N">Air Pollutants</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="Y">analysis</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000191" MajorTopicYN="N">economics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000073640" MajorTopicYN="N">Betacoronavirus</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086382" MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002245" MajorTopicYN="N">Carbon Dioxide</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="Y">analysis</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000191" MajorTopicYN="N">economics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000191" MajorTopicYN="N">economics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="Y">epidemiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000517" MajorTopicYN="N">prevention & control</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004784" MajorTopicYN="N">Environmental Monitoring</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005579" MajorTopicYN="N">Fossil Fuels</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="N">analysis</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000191" MajorTopicYN="N">economics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007221" MajorTopicYN="N">Industry</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000191" MajorTopicYN="N">economics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009585" MajorTopicYN="N">Nitrogen Dioxide</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="N">analysis</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000191" MajorTopicYN="N">economics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058873" MajorTopicYN="N">Pandemics</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000191" MajorTopicYN="N">economics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000517" MajorTopicYN="N">prevention & control</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011024" MajorTopicYN="N">Pneumonia, Viral</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000191" MajorTopicYN="N">economics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="Y">epidemiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000517" MajorTopicYN="N">prevention & control</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086402" MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV-2</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>09</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>17</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>15</Day><Hour>17</Hour><Minute>30</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>16</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>27</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">33057164</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1038/s41467-020-18922-7</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">10.1038/s41467-020-18922-7</ArticleId><ArticleId 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name="États-Unis"><region name="Pennsylvanie"><name sortKey="Lei, Ruixue" sort="Lei, Ruixue" uniqKey="Lei R" first="Ruixue" last="Lei">Ruixue Lei</name></region><name sortKey="Davis, Steven J" sort="Davis, Steven J" uniqKey="Davis S" first="Steven J" last="Davis">Steven J. 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Kammen</name><name sortKey="Wang, Yuan" sort="Wang, Yuan" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yuan" last="Wang">Yuan Wang</name><name sortKey="Wang, Yuan" sort="Wang, Yuan" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yuan" last="Wang">Yuan Wang</name></country><country name="Japon"><noRegion><name sortKey="Xue, Jinjun" sort="Xue, Jinjun" uniqKey="Xue J" first="Jinjun" last="Xue">Jinjun Xue</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Tanaka, Katsumasa" sort="Tanaka, Katsumasa" uniqKey="Tanaka K" first="Katsumasa" last="Tanaka">Katsumasa Tanaka</name></country><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Brandebourg"><name sortKey="Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim" sort="Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim" uniqKey="Schellnhuber H" first="Hans Joachim" last="Schellnhuber">Hans Joachim Schellnhuber</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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