Did the COVID-19 lockdown in Delhi and Kolkata improve the ambient air quality of the two cities?
Identifieur interne : 000384 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000383; suivant : 000385Did the COVID-19 lockdown in Delhi and Kolkata improve the ambient air quality of the two cities?
Auteurs : Arindam Datta ; Md Hafizur Rahman ; R. SureshSource :
- Journal of environmental quality [ 1537-2537 ] ; 2021.
Abstract
To control the spread of COVID-19, the government of India imposed a nationwide lockdown on all nonessential activities from 22 Mar. to 3 May 2020. Daily ambient particulate matter ≤10 μm in diameter (PM10 ), particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5 ), NO, NO2 , and O3 concentrations in Delhi and Kolkata from 1 March to 3 May in both 2019 and 2020 were collected from different monitoring stations along with meteorological data to study the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on ambient pollutant concentrations. In 2020, average ambient concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were significantly decreased (Delhi: 59 and 43%, respectively; Kolkata: 49 and 50%, respectively) during the lockdown period compared with the same period during 2019 in both cities. Average ambient O3 concentration in Delhi was significantly lower in 2020 (38.5 μg m-3 ) compared with 2019 (44.7 μg m-3 ) during the study period. However, average ambient O3 concentration was significantly higher during 2020 (46.9 μg m-3 ) compared with 2019 (31.4 μg m-3 ) in Kolkata. Effect size analysis of different predictive variables reveals that the lockdown period explains maximum variation in ambient concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 during 2020 in both cities. However, maximum variation in ambient O3 concentrations in both cities was explained primarily by spatial variation rather than by the lockdown period. This study suggests that major policy implementation related to the transport and industrial sectors that aims to address the ambient air pollution problem in India may reduce the ambient particulate matter concentrations, although it may not have a significant effect on other ambient air pollutants such as O3 in major Indian cities.
DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20192
PubMed: 33410509
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Did the COVID-19 lockdown in Delhi and Kolkata improve the ambient air quality of the two cities?</title><author><name sortKey="Datta, Arindam" sort="Datta, Arindam" uniqKey="Datta A" first="Arindam" last="Datta">Arindam Datta</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Environmental Studies, Earth Sciences and Climate Change Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rahman, Md Hafizur" sort="Rahman, Md Hafizur" uniqKey="Rahman M" first="Md Hafizur" last="Rahman">Md Hafizur Rahman</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Environmental Studies, Earth Sciences and Climate Change Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Suresh, R" sort="Suresh, R" uniqKey="Suresh R" first="R" last="Suresh">R. Suresh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Environmental Studies, Earth Sciences and Climate Change Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2021">2021</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:33410509</idno><idno type="pmid">33410509</idno><idno type="doi">10.1002/jeq2.20192</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000384</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000384</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Did the COVID-19 lockdown in Delhi and Kolkata improve the ambient air quality of the two cities?</title><author><name sortKey="Datta, Arindam" sort="Datta, Arindam" uniqKey="Datta A" first="Arindam" last="Datta">Arindam Datta</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Environmental Studies, Earth Sciences and Climate Change Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rahman, Md Hafizur" sort="Rahman, Md Hafizur" uniqKey="Rahman M" first="Md Hafizur" last="Rahman">Md Hafizur Rahman</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Environmental Studies, Earth Sciences and Climate Change Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Suresh, R" sort="Suresh, R" uniqKey="Suresh R" first="R" last="Suresh">R. Suresh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Environmental Studies, Earth Sciences and Climate Change Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of environmental quality</title><idno type="eISSN">1537-2537</idno><imprint><date when="2021" type="published">2021</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">To control the spread of COVID-19, the government of India imposed a nationwide lockdown on all nonessential activities from 22 Mar. to 3 May 2020. Daily ambient particulate matter ≤10 μm in diameter (PM<sub>10</sub> ), particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in diameter (PM<sub>2.5</sub> ), NO, NO<sub>2</sub> , and O<sub>3</sub> concentrations in Delhi and Kolkata from 1 March to 3 May in both 2019 and 2020 were collected from different monitoring stations along with meteorological data to study the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on ambient pollutant concentrations. In 2020, average ambient concentrations of PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> were significantly decreased (Delhi: 59 and 43%, respectively; Kolkata: 49 and 50%, respectively) during the lockdown period compared with the same period during 2019 in both cities. Average ambient O<sub>3</sub> concentration in Delhi was significantly lower in 2020 (38.5 μg m<sup>-3</sup> ) compared with 2019 (44.7 μg m<sup>-3</sup> ) during the study period. However, average ambient O<sub>3</sub> concentration was significantly higher during 2020 (46.9 μg m<sup>-3</sup> ) compared with 2019 (31.4 μg m<sup>-3</sup> ) in Kolkata. Effect size analysis of different predictive variables reveals that the lockdown period explains maximum variation in ambient concentrations of PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> during 2020 in both cities. However, maximum variation in ambient O<sub>3</sub> concentrations in both cities was explained primarily by spatial variation rather than by the lockdown period. This study suggests that major policy implementation related to the transport and industrial sectors that aims to address the ambient air pollution problem in India may reduce the ambient particulate matter concentrations, although it may not have a significant effect on other ambient air pollutants such as O<sub>3</sub> in major Indian cities.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33410509</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>25</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1537-2537</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>Jan</Month><Day>07</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of environmental quality</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Environ Qual</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Did the COVID-19 lockdown in Delhi and Kolkata improve the ambient air quality of the two cities?</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1002/jeq2.20192</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>To control the spread of COVID-19, the government of India imposed a nationwide lockdown on all nonessential activities from 22 Mar. to 3 May 2020. Daily ambient particulate matter ≤10 μm in diameter (PM<sub>10</sub> ), particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in diameter (PM<sub>2.5</sub> ), NO, NO<sub>2</sub> , and O<sub>3</sub> concentrations in Delhi and Kolkata from 1 March to 3 May in both 2019 and 2020 were collected from different monitoring stations along with meteorological data to study the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on ambient pollutant concentrations. In 2020, average ambient concentrations of PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> were significantly decreased (Delhi: 59 and 43%, respectively; Kolkata: 49 and 50%, respectively) during the lockdown period compared with the same period during 2019 in both cities. Average ambient O<sub>3</sub> concentration in Delhi was significantly lower in 2020 (38.5 μg m<sup>-3</sup> ) compared with 2019 (44.7 μg m<sup>-3</sup> ) during the study period. However, average ambient O<sub>3</sub> concentration was significantly higher during 2020 (46.9 μg m<sup>-3</sup> ) compared with 2019 (31.4 μg m<sup>-3</sup> ) in Kolkata. Effect size analysis of different predictive variables reveals that the lockdown period explains maximum variation in ambient concentrations of PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> during 2020 in both cities. However, maximum variation in ambient O<sub>3</sub> concentrations in both cities was explained primarily by spatial variation rather than by the lockdown period. This study suggests that major policy implementation related to the transport and industrial sectors that aims to address the ambient air pollution problem in India may reduce the ambient particulate matter concentrations, although it may not have a significant effect on other ambient air pollutants such as O<sub>3</sub> in major Indian cities.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2021 The Authors. Journal of Environmental Quality © 2021 American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Datta</LastName><ForeName>Arindam</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3834-3722</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Environmental Studies, Earth Sciences and Climate Change Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rahman</LastName><ForeName>Md Hafizur</ForeName><Initials>MH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Environmental Studies, Earth Sciences and Climate Change Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Suresh</LastName><ForeName>R</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Environmental Studies, Earth Sciences and Climate Change Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2021</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>07</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>J Environ Qual</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0330666</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0047-2425</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>14</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>22</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>22</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2021</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>8</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2021</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>8</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2021</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>8</Hour><Minute>39</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>aheadofprint</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">33410509</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1002/jeq2.20192</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Title>REFERENCES</Title><Reference><Citation>APnA (Air Pollution Knowledge Assessment City Program). 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