Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Parkinson Disease Diagnosis and Progression
Identifieur interne : 000322 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000321; suivant : 000323Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Parkinson Disease Diagnosis and Progression
Auteurs : Min Shi [États-Unis] ; Joshua Bradner [États-Unis] ; Aneeka Hancock [États-Unis] ; Kathryn Chung [États-Unis] ; Joseph Quinn [États-Unis] ; Elaine Peskind [États-Unis] ; Douglas Galasko [États-Unis] ; Joseph Jankovic [États-Unis] ; Cyrus Zabetian [États-Unis] ; Hojoong Kim [États-Unis] ; James Leverenz [États-Unis] ; Thomas Montine [États-Unis] ; Carmen Ginghina [États-Unis] ; Un Kang [États-Unis] ; Kevin Cain [États-Unis] ; Yu Wang [États-Unis, République populaire de Chine] ; Jan Aasly [Norvège] ; David Goldstein [États-Unis] ; Jing Zhang [États-Unis]Source :
- Annals of neurology [ 0364-5134 ] ; 2011.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Alzheimer Disease (cerebrospinal fluid), Alzheimer Disease (diagnosis), Amyloid beta-Peptides (cerebrospinal fluid), Analysis of Variance, Biomarkers (cerebrospinal fluid), Chemokine CX3CL1 (cerebrospinal fluid), Diagnosis, Differential, Disease Progression, Humans, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins (cerebrospinal fluid), Multiple System Atrophy (cerebrospinal fluid), Multiple System Atrophy (diagnosis), Oncogene Proteins (cerebrospinal fluid), Parkinson Disease (cerebrospinal fluid), Parkinson Disease (diagnosis), Peptide Fragments (cerebrospinal fluid), Phosphorylation, ROC Curve, Sensitivity and Specificity, Severity of Illness Index, alpha-Synuclein (cerebrospinal fluid), fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 (cerebrospinal fluid), tau Proteins (cerebrospinal fluid).
- MESH :
- chemical , cerebrospinal fluid : Amyloid beta-Peptides, Biomarkers, Chemokine CX3CL1, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Oncogene Proteins, Peptide Fragments, alpha-Synuclein, fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3, tau Proteins.
- cerebrospinal fluid : Alzheimer Disease, Multiple System Atrophy, Parkinson Disease.
- diagnosis : Alzheimer Disease, Multiple System Atrophy, Parkinson Disease.
- Analysis of Variance, Diagnosis, Differential, Disease Progression, Humans, Phosphorylation, ROC Curve, Sensitivity and Specificity, Severity of Illness Index.
Abstract
There is a clear need to develop biomarkers for Parkinson disease (PD) diagnosis, differential diagnosis of parkinsonian disorders, and monitoring disease progression. We and others have demonstrated that a decrease in DJ-1 and/or α-synuclein in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a potential index for PD diagnosis, but not for PD severity.
Using highly sensitive and quantitative Luminex assays, we measured total tau, phosphorylated tau, amyloid beta peptide 1-42 (Aβ1-42), Flt3 ligand and fractalkine levels in CSF in a large cohort of PD patients at different stages as well as healthy and diseased controls. The utility of these five markers was evaluated for disease diagnosis and severity/progression correlation alone, as well as in combination with DJ-1 and α-synuclein. The major results were further validated in an independent cohort of cross-sectional PD patients as well as in PD cases with CSF samples collected longitudinally.
The results demonstrated that combinations of these biomarkers could differentiate PD patients not only from normal controls but also from patients with Alzheimer disease and multiple system atrophy. Particularly, with CSF Flt3 ligand, PD could be clearly differentiated from multiple system atrophy, a disease that overlaps with PD clinically, with excellent sensitivity (99%) and specificity (95%). In addition, we identified CSF fractalkine/Aβ1-42 that positively correlated with PD severity in cross-sectional samples as well as with PD progression in longitudinal samples.
We have demonstrated that this panel of seven CSF proteins could aid in PD diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and correlation with disease severity and progression.
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/ana.22311
PubMed: 21400565
PubMed Central: 3117674
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PMC:3117674Le document en format XML
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<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Jing" sort="Zhang, Jing" uniqKey="Zhang J" first="Jing" last="Zhang">Jing Zhang</name>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Parkinson Disease Diagnosis and Progression</title>
<author><name sortKey="Shi, Min" sort="Shi, Min" uniqKey="Shi M" first="Min" last="Shi">Min Shi</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Bradner, Joshua" sort="Bradner, Joshua" uniqKey="Bradner J" first="Joshua" last="Bradner">Joshua Bradner</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Hancock, Aneeka M" sort="Hancock, Aneeka M" uniqKey="Hancock A" first="Aneeka" last="Hancock">Aneeka Hancock</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Peskind, Elaine R" sort="Peskind, Elaine R" uniqKey="Peskind E" first="Elaine" last="Peskind">Elaine Peskind</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Jankovic, Joseph" sort="Jankovic, Joseph" uniqKey="Jankovic J" first="Joseph" last="Jankovic">Joseph Jankovic</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Kim, Hojoong M" sort="Kim, Hojoong M" uniqKey="Kim H" first="Hojoong" last="Kim">Hojoong Kim</name>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leverenz, James B" sort="Leverenz, James B" uniqKey="Leverenz J" first="James" last="Leverenz">James Leverenz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A4">Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Montine, Thomas J" sort="Montine, Thomas J" uniqKey="Montine T" first="Thomas" last="Montine">Thomas Montine</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ginghina, Carmen" sort="Ginghina, Carmen" uniqKey="Ginghina C" first="Carmen" last="Ginghina">Carmen Ginghina</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kang, Un Jung" sort="Kang, Un Jung" uniqKey="Kang U" first="Un" last="Kang">Un Kang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A9">Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cain, Kevin C" sort="Cain, Kevin C" uniqKey="Cain K" first="Kevin" last="Cain">Kevin Cain</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Yu" sort="Wang, Yu" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yu" last="Wang">Yu Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Wuhan</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aasly, Jan" sort="Aasly, Jan" uniqKey="Aasly J" first="Jan" last="Aasly">Jan Aasly</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Neurology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Trondheim</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goldstein, David S" sort="Goldstein, David S" uniqKey="Goldstein D" first="David" last="Goldstein">David Goldstein</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A13">Clinical Neurocardiology Section, CNP, DIR, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Clinical Neurocardiology Section, CNP, DIR, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Jing" sort="Zhang, Jing" uniqKey="Zhang J" first="Jing" last="Zhang">Jing Zhang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Annals of neurology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0364-5134</idno>
<idno type="e-ISSN">1531-8249</idno>
<imprint><date when="2011">2011</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Alzheimer Disease (cerebrospinal fluid)</term>
<term>Alzheimer Disease (diagnosis)</term>
<term>Amyloid beta-Peptides (cerebrospinal fluid)</term>
<term>Analysis of Variance</term>
<term>Biomarkers (cerebrospinal fluid)</term>
<term>Chemokine CX3CL1 (cerebrospinal fluid)</term>
<term>Diagnosis, Differential</term>
<term>Disease Progression</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins (cerebrospinal fluid)</term>
<term>Multiple System Atrophy (cerebrospinal fluid)</term>
<term>Multiple System Atrophy (diagnosis)</term>
<term>Oncogene Proteins (cerebrospinal fluid)</term>
<term>Parkinson Disease (cerebrospinal fluid)</term>
<term>Parkinson Disease (diagnosis)</term>
<term>Peptide Fragments (cerebrospinal fluid)</term>
<term>Phosphorylation</term>
<term>ROC Curve</term>
<term>Sensitivity and Specificity</term>
<term>Severity of Illness Index</term>
<term>alpha-Synuclein (cerebrospinal fluid)</term>
<term>fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 (cerebrospinal fluid)</term>
<term>tau Proteins (cerebrospinal fluid)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="cerebrospinal fluid" xml:lang="en"><term>Amyloid beta-Peptides</term>
<term>Biomarkers</term>
<term>Chemokine CX3CL1</term>
<term>Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins</term>
<term>Oncogene Proteins</term>
<term>Peptide Fragments</term>
<term>alpha-Synuclein</term>
<term>fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3</term>
<term>tau Proteins</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="cerebrospinal fluid" xml:lang="en"><term>Alzheimer Disease</term>
<term>Multiple System Atrophy</term>
<term>Parkinson Disease</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>Alzheimer Disease</term>
<term>Multiple System Atrophy</term>
<term>Parkinson Disease</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Analysis of Variance</term>
<term>Diagnosis, Differential</term>
<term>Disease Progression</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Phosphorylation</term>
<term>ROC Curve</term>
<term>Sensitivity and Specificity</term>
<term>Severity of Illness Index</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="S1"><title>Background</title>
<p id="P1">There is a clear need to develop biomarkers for Parkinson disease (PD) diagnosis, differential diagnosis of parkinsonian disorders, and monitoring disease progression. We and others have demonstrated that a decrease in DJ-1 and/or α-synuclein in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a potential index for PD diagnosis, but not for PD severity.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="methods" id="S2"><title>Methods</title>
<p id="P2">Using highly sensitive and quantitative Luminex assays, we measured total tau, phosphorylated tau, amyloid beta peptide 1-42 (Aβ<sub>1-42</sub>
), Flt3 ligand and fractalkine levels in CSF in a large cohort of PD patients at different stages as well as healthy and diseased controls. The utility of these five markers was evaluated for disease diagnosis and severity/progression correlation alone, as well as in combination with DJ-1 and α-synuclein. The major results were further validated in an independent cohort of cross-sectional PD patients as well as in PD cases with CSF samples collected longitudinally.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3"><title>Findings</title>
<p id="P3">The results demonstrated that combinations of these biomarkers could differentiate PD patients not only from normal controls but also from patients with Alzheimer disease and multiple system atrophy. Particularly, with CSF Flt3 ligand, PD could be clearly differentiated from multiple system atrophy, a disease that overlaps with PD clinically, with excellent sensitivity (99%) and specificity (95%). In addition, we identified CSF fractalkine/Aβ<sub>1-42</sub>
that positively correlated with PD severity in cross-sectional samples as well as with PD progression in longitudinal samples.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4"><title>Interpretation</title>
<p id="P4">We have demonstrated that this panel of seven CSF proteins could aid in PD diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and correlation with disease severity and progression.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<double pmid="21400565"><pmc><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Parkinson Disease Diagnosis and Progression</title>
<author><name sortKey="Shi, Min" sort="Shi, Min" uniqKey="Shi M" first="Min" last="Shi">Min Shi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bradner, Joshua" sort="Bradner, Joshua" uniqKey="Bradner J" first="Joshua" last="Bradner">Joshua Bradner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hancock, Aneeka M" sort="Hancock, Aneeka M" uniqKey="Hancock A" first="Aneeka" last="Hancock">Aneeka Hancock</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chung, Kathryn A" sort="Chung, Kathryn A" uniqKey="Chung K" first="Kathryn" last="Chung">Kathryn Chung</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Oregon</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Quinn, Joseph F" sort="Quinn, Joseph F" uniqKey="Quinn J" first="Joseph" last="Quinn">Joseph Quinn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Oregon</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peskind, Elaine R" sort="Peskind, Elaine R" uniqKey="Peskind E" first="Elaine" last="Peskind">Elaine Peskind</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A4">Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Galasko, Douglas" sort="Galasko, Douglas" uniqKey="Galasko D" first="Douglas" last="Galasko">Douglas Galasko</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jankovic, Joseph" sort="Jankovic, Joseph" uniqKey="Jankovic J" first="Joseph" last="Jankovic">Joseph Jankovic</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A6">Parkinson’s Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Parkinson’s Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Texas</region>
</placeName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Houston</settlement>
<region type="state">Texas</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university" n="3">Baylor College of Medicine</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zabetian, Cyrus P" sort="Zabetian, Cyrus P" uniqKey="Zabetian C" first="Cyrus" last="Zabetian">Cyrus Zabetian</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A7">Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Hojoong M" sort="Kim, Hojoong M" uniqKey="Kim H" first="Hojoong" last="Kim">Hojoong Kim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A7">Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leverenz, James B" sort="Leverenz, James B" uniqKey="Leverenz J" first="James" last="Leverenz">James Leverenz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A4">Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Montine, Thomas J" sort="Montine, Thomas J" uniqKey="Montine T" first="Thomas" last="Montine">Thomas Montine</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ginghina, Carmen" sort="Ginghina, Carmen" uniqKey="Ginghina C" first="Carmen" last="Ginghina">Carmen Ginghina</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kang, Un Jung" sort="Kang, Un Jung" uniqKey="Kang U" first="Un" last="Kang">Un Kang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A9">Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cain, Kevin C" sort="Cain, Kevin C" uniqKey="Cain K" first="Kevin" last="Cain">Kevin Cain</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Yu" sort="Wang, Yu" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yu" last="Wang">Yu Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Wuhan</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aasly, Jan" sort="Aasly, Jan" uniqKey="Aasly J" first="Jan" last="Aasly">Jan Aasly</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Neurology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Trondheim</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goldstein, David S" sort="Goldstein, David S" uniqKey="Goldstein D" first="David" last="Goldstein">David Goldstein</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A13">Clinical Neurocardiology Section, CNP, DIR, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Clinical Neurocardiology Section, CNP, DIR, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Jing" sort="Zhang, Jing" uniqKey="Zhang J" first="Jing" last="Zhang">Jing Zhang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">21400565</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3117674</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3117674</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3117674</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1002/ana.22311</idno>
<date when="2011">2011</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000215</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000215</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000138</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Parkinson Disease Diagnosis and Progression</title>
<author><name sortKey="Shi, Min" sort="Shi, Min" uniqKey="Shi M" first="Min" last="Shi">Min Shi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bradner, Joshua" sort="Bradner, Joshua" uniqKey="Bradner J" first="Joshua" last="Bradner">Joshua Bradner</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hancock, Aneeka M" sort="Hancock, Aneeka M" uniqKey="Hancock A" first="Aneeka" last="Hancock">Aneeka Hancock</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chung, Kathryn A" sort="Chung, Kathryn A" uniqKey="Chung K" first="Kathryn" last="Chung">Kathryn Chung</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Oregon</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Quinn, Joseph F" sort="Quinn, Joseph F" uniqKey="Quinn J" first="Joseph" last="Quinn">Joseph Quinn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Oregon</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peskind, Elaine R" sort="Peskind, Elaine R" uniqKey="Peskind E" first="Elaine" last="Peskind">Elaine Peskind</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A4">Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Galasko, Douglas" sort="Galasko, Douglas" uniqKey="Galasko D" first="Douglas" last="Galasko">Douglas Galasko</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jankovic, Joseph" sort="Jankovic, Joseph" uniqKey="Jankovic J" first="Joseph" last="Jankovic">Joseph Jankovic</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A6">Parkinson’s Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Parkinson’s Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Texas</region>
</placeName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Houston</settlement>
<region type="state">Texas</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university" n="3">Baylor College of Medicine</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zabetian, Cyrus P" sort="Zabetian, Cyrus P" uniqKey="Zabetian C" first="Cyrus" last="Zabetian">Cyrus Zabetian</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A7">Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Hojoong M" sort="Kim, Hojoong M" uniqKey="Kim H" first="Hojoong" last="Kim">Hojoong Kim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A7">Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leverenz, James B" sort="Leverenz, James B" uniqKey="Leverenz J" first="James" last="Leverenz">James Leverenz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A4">Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Montine, Thomas J" sort="Montine, Thomas J" uniqKey="Montine T" first="Thomas" last="Montine">Thomas Montine</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ginghina, Carmen" sort="Ginghina, Carmen" uniqKey="Ginghina C" first="Carmen" last="Ginghina">Carmen Ginghina</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kang, Un Jung" sort="Kang, Un Jung" uniqKey="Kang U" first="Un" last="Kang">Un Kang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A9">Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cain, Kevin C" sort="Cain, Kevin C" uniqKey="Cain K" first="Kevin" last="Cain">Kevin Cain</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Yu" sort="Wang, Yu" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yu" last="Wang">Yu Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Wuhan</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aasly, Jan" sort="Aasly, Jan" uniqKey="Aasly J" first="Jan" last="Aasly">Jan Aasly</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Neurology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Trondheim</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goldstein, David S" sort="Goldstein, David S" uniqKey="Goldstein D" first="David" last="Goldstein">David Goldstein</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A13">Clinical Neurocardiology Section, CNP, DIR, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Clinical Neurocardiology Section, CNP, DIR, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Jing" sort="Zhang, Jing" uniqKey="Zhang J" first="Jing" last="Zhang">Jing Zhang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Annals of neurology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0364-5134</idno>
<idno type="e-ISSN">1531-8249</idno>
<imprint><date when="2011">2011</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="S1"><title>Background</title>
<p id="P1">There is a clear need to develop biomarkers for Parkinson disease (PD) diagnosis, differential diagnosis of parkinsonian disorders, and monitoring disease progression. We and others have demonstrated that a decrease in DJ-1 and/or α-synuclein in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a potential index for PD diagnosis, but not for PD severity.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="methods" id="S2"><title>Methods</title>
<p id="P2">Using highly sensitive and quantitative Luminex assays, we measured total tau, phosphorylated tau, amyloid beta peptide 1-42 (Aβ<sub>1-42</sub>
), Flt3 ligand and fractalkine levels in CSF in a large cohort of PD patients at different stages as well as healthy and diseased controls. The utility of these five markers was evaluated for disease diagnosis and severity/progression correlation alone, as well as in combination with DJ-1 and α-synuclein. The major results were further validated in an independent cohort of cross-sectional PD patients as well as in PD cases with CSF samples collected longitudinally.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3"><title>Findings</title>
<p id="P3">The results demonstrated that combinations of these biomarkers could differentiate PD patients not only from normal controls but also from patients with Alzheimer disease and multiple system atrophy. Particularly, with CSF Flt3 ligand, PD could be clearly differentiated from multiple system atrophy, a disease that overlaps with PD clinically, with excellent sensitivity (99%) and specificity (95%). In addition, we identified CSF fractalkine/Aβ<sub>1-42</sub>
that positively correlated with PD severity in cross-sectional samples as well as with PD progression in longitudinal samples.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4"><title>Interpretation</title>
<p id="P4">We have demonstrated that this panel of seven CSF proteins could aid in PD diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and correlation with disease severity and progression.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
</pmc>
<pubmed><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Parkinson disease diagnosis and progression.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Shi, Min" sort="Shi, Min" uniqKey="Shi M" first="Min" last="Shi">Min Shi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, 98104, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, 98104</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>98104</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bradner, Joshua" sort="Bradner, Joshua" uniqKey="Bradner J" first="Joshua" last="Bradner">Joshua Bradner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hancock, Aneeka M" sort="Hancock, Aneeka M" uniqKey="Hancock A" first="Aneeka" last="Hancock">Aneeka. Hancock</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chung, Kathryn A" sort="Chung, Kathryn A" uniqKey="Chung K" first="Kathryn" last="Chung">Kathryn. Chung</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Quinn, Joseph F" sort="Quinn, Joseph F" uniqKey="Quinn J" first="Joseph" last="Quinn">Joseph. Quinn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peskind, Elaine R" sort="Peskind, Elaine R" uniqKey="Peskind E" first="Elaine" last="Peskind">Elaine. Peskind</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Galasko, Douglas" sort="Galasko, Douglas" uniqKey="Galasko D" first="Douglas" last="Galasko">Douglas Galasko</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jankovic, Joseph" sort="Jankovic, Joseph" uniqKey="Jankovic J" first="Joseph" last="Jankovic">Joseph Jankovic</name>
<affiliation><country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Houston</settlement>
<region type="state">Texas</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university" n="3">Baylor College of Medicine</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zabetian, Cyrus P" sort="Zabetian, Cyrus P" uniqKey="Zabetian C" first="Cyrus" last="Zabetian">Cyrus. Zabetian</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Hojoong M" sort="Kim, Hojoong M" uniqKey="Kim H" first="Hojoong" last="Kim">Hojoong. Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leverenz, James B" sort="Leverenz, James B" uniqKey="Leverenz J" first="James" last="Leverenz">James. Leverenz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Montine, Thomas J" sort="Montine, Thomas J" uniqKey="Montine T" first="Thomas" last="Montine">Thomas. Montine</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ginghina, Carmen" sort="Ginghina, Carmen" uniqKey="Ginghina C" first="Carmen" last="Ginghina">Carmen Ginghina</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kang, Un Jung" sort="Kang, Un Jung" uniqKey="Kang U" first="Un" last="Kang">Un Kang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cain, Kevin C" sort="Cain, Kevin C" uniqKey="Cain K" first="Kevin" last="Cain">Kevin. Cain</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Yu" sort="Wang, Yu" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yu" last="Wang">Yu Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aasly, Jan" sort="Aasly, Jan" uniqKey="Aasly J" first="Jan" last="Aasly">Jan Aasly</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goldstein, David" sort="Goldstein, David" uniqKey="Goldstein D" first="David" last="Goldstein">David Goldstein</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Jing" sort="Zhang, Jing" uniqKey="Zhang J" first="Jing" last="Zhang">Jing Zhang</name>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<date when="2011">2011</date>
<idno type="doi">10.1002/ana.22311</idno>
<idno type="RBID">pubmed:21400565</idno>
<idno type="pmid">21400565</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000077</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000077</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000082</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Parkinson disease diagnosis and progression.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Shi, Min" sort="Shi, Min" uniqKey="Shi M" first="Min" last="Shi">Min Shi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, 98104, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, 98104</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>98104</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bradner, Joshua" sort="Bradner, Joshua" uniqKey="Bradner J" first="Joshua" last="Bradner">Joshua Bradner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hancock, Aneeka M" sort="Hancock, Aneeka M" uniqKey="Hancock A" first="Aneeka" last="Hancock">Aneeka. Hancock</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chung, Kathryn A" sort="Chung, Kathryn A" uniqKey="Chung K" first="Kathryn" last="Chung">Kathryn. Chung</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Quinn, Joseph F" sort="Quinn, Joseph F" uniqKey="Quinn J" first="Joseph" last="Quinn">Joseph. Quinn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peskind, Elaine R" sort="Peskind, Elaine R" uniqKey="Peskind E" first="Elaine" last="Peskind">Elaine. Peskind</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Galasko, Douglas" sort="Galasko, Douglas" uniqKey="Galasko D" first="Douglas" last="Galasko">Douglas Galasko</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jankovic, Joseph" sort="Jankovic, Joseph" uniqKey="Jankovic J" first="Joseph" last="Jankovic">Joseph Jankovic</name>
<affiliation><country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Houston</settlement>
<region type="state">Texas</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university" n="3">Baylor College of Medicine</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zabetian, Cyrus P" sort="Zabetian, Cyrus P" uniqKey="Zabetian C" first="Cyrus" last="Zabetian">Cyrus. Zabetian</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Hojoong M" sort="Kim, Hojoong M" uniqKey="Kim H" first="Hojoong" last="Kim">Hojoong. Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leverenz, James B" sort="Leverenz, James B" uniqKey="Leverenz J" first="James" last="Leverenz">James. Leverenz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Montine, Thomas J" sort="Montine, Thomas J" uniqKey="Montine T" first="Thomas" last="Montine">Thomas. Montine</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ginghina, Carmen" sort="Ginghina, Carmen" uniqKey="Ginghina C" first="Carmen" last="Ginghina">Carmen Ginghina</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kang, Un Jung" sort="Kang, Un Jung" uniqKey="Kang U" first="Un" last="Kang">Un Kang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cain, Kevin C" sort="Cain, Kevin C" uniqKey="Cain K" first="Kevin" last="Cain">Kevin. Cain</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Yu" sort="Wang, Yu" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yu" last="Wang">Yu Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aasly, Jan" sort="Aasly, Jan" uniqKey="Aasly J" first="Jan" last="Aasly">Jan Aasly</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goldstein, David" sort="Goldstein, David" uniqKey="Goldstein D" first="David" last="Goldstein">David Goldstein</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Jing" sort="Zhang, Jing" uniqKey="Zhang J" first="Jing" last="Zhang">Jing Zhang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Annals of neurology</title>
<idno type="e-ISSN">1531-8249</idno>
<imprint><date when="2011" type="published">2011</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Alzheimer Disease (cerebrospinal fluid)</term>
<term>Alzheimer Disease (diagnosis)</term>
<term>Amyloid beta-Peptides (cerebrospinal fluid)</term>
<term>Analysis of Variance</term>
<term>Biomarkers (cerebrospinal fluid)</term>
<term>Chemokine CX3CL1 (cerebrospinal fluid)</term>
<term>Diagnosis, Differential</term>
<term>Disease Progression</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins (cerebrospinal fluid)</term>
<term>Multiple System Atrophy (cerebrospinal fluid)</term>
<term>Multiple System Atrophy (diagnosis)</term>
<term>Oncogene Proteins (cerebrospinal fluid)</term>
<term>Parkinson Disease (cerebrospinal fluid)</term>
<term>Parkinson Disease (diagnosis)</term>
<term>Peptide Fragments (cerebrospinal fluid)</term>
<term>Phosphorylation</term>
<term>ROC Curve</term>
<term>Sensitivity and Specificity</term>
<term>Severity of Illness Index</term>
<term>alpha-Synuclein (cerebrospinal fluid)</term>
<term>fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 (cerebrospinal fluid)</term>
<term>tau Proteins (cerebrospinal fluid)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="cerebrospinal fluid" xml:lang="en"><term>Amyloid beta-Peptides</term>
<term>Biomarkers</term>
<term>Chemokine CX3CL1</term>
<term>Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins</term>
<term>Oncogene Proteins</term>
<term>Peptide Fragments</term>
<term>alpha-Synuclein</term>
<term>fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3</term>
<term>tau Proteins</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="cerebrospinal fluid" xml:lang="en"><term>Alzheimer Disease</term>
<term>Multiple System Atrophy</term>
<term>Parkinson Disease</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>Alzheimer Disease</term>
<term>Multiple System Atrophy</term>
<term>Parkinson Disease</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Analysis of Variance</term>
<term>Diagnosis, Differential</term>
<term>Disease Progression</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Phosphorylation</term>
<term>ROC Curve</term>
<term>Sensitivity and Specificity</term>
<term>Severity of Illness Index</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">There is a clear need to develop biomarkers for Parkinson disease (PD) diagnosis, differential diagnosis of Parkinsonian disorders, and monitoring disease progression. We and others have demonstrated that a decrease in DJ-1 and/or α-synuclein in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a potential index for Parkinson disease diagnosis, but not for PD severity.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
</pubmed>
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