Analysis of influenza transmission in the households of primary and junior high school students during the 2012–13 influenza season in Odate, Japan
Identifieur interne : 000162 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000161; suivant : 000163Analysis of influenza transmission in the households of primary and junior high school students during the 2012–13 influenza season in Odate, Japan
Auteurs : Taro Kamigaki [Japon] ; Satoshi Mimura [Japon] ; Yoshihiro Takahashi [Japon] ; Hitoshi Oshitani [Japon]Source :
- BMC Infectious Diseases [ 1471-2334 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Households are one of the major settings of influenza transmission in the community and transmission is frequently initiated by school-aged children. We surveyed households with primary school (PS) and/ or junior high school (JH) children for the 2012–13 influenza season in Odate, Japan then characterized the epidemiology of influenza household transmission as well as estimated the serial intervals.
We delivered a self-reported questionnaire survey to households with PS and/or JH school children in Odate City, Japan. Influenza A (H3N2) virus predominantly circulated during the 2012–13 influenza season. We investigated the epidemiological characteristics of within-household transmission and calculated the serial intervals (SI). SIs were drew by a non-parametric model and compared with parametric models by the Akaike Information Criterion. The covariable contributions were investigated by the accelerated failure model.
Household influenza transmission was identified in 255 out of 363 household respondents. Primary school (PS) children accounted for 45.1 % of primary cases, and disease transmission was most commonly observed between PS children and parents, followed by transmission from PS children to siblings. In primary cases of PS or JH children, younger age and longer absence from school were significantly associated with household transmission events. The mean SI was estimated as 2.8 days (95 % confidence interval 2.6-3.0 days) in the lognormal model. The estimated acceleration factors revealed that while secondary school age and the absence duration > 7 days were associated with shorter and longer SIs, respectively, antiviral prescriptions for primary cases made no contribution.
High frequencies of household transmission from primary school with shorter SI were found. These findings contribute to the development of future mitigation strategies against influenza transmission in Japan.
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1007-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-1007-8
PubMed: 26201316
PubMed Central: 4512025
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<author><name sortKey="Kamigaki, Taro" sort="Kamigaki, Taro" uniqKey="Kamigaki T" first="Taro" last="Kamigaki">Taro Kamigaki</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Mimura, Satoshi" sort="Mimura, Satoshi" uniqKey="Mimura S" first="Satoshi" last="Mimura">Satoshi Mimura</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Oshitani, Hitoshi" sort="Oshitani, Hitoshi" uniqKey="Oshitani H" first="Hitoshi" last="Oshitani">Hitoshi Oshitani</name>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Analysis of influenza transmission in the households of primary and junior high school students during the 2012–13 influenza season in Odate, Japan</title>
<author><name sortKey="Kamigaki, Taro" sort="Kamigaki, Taro" uniqKey="Kamigaki T" first="Taro" last="Kamigaki">Taro Kamigaki</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Mimura, Satoshi" sort="Mimura, Satoshi" uniqKey="Mimura S" first="Satoshi" last="Mimura">Satoshi Mimura</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Takahashi, Yoshihiro" sort="Takahashi, Yoshihiro" uniqKey="Takahashi Y" first="Yoshihiro" last="Takahashi">Yoshihiro Takahashi</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Oshitani, Hitoshi" sort="Oshitani, Hitoshi" uniqKey="Oshitani H" first="Hitoshi" last="Oshitani">Hitoshi Oshitani</name>
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<series><title level="j">BMC Infectious Diseases</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1471-2334</idno>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>Households are one of the major settings of influenza transmission in the community and transmission is frequently initiated by school-aged children. We surveyed households with primary school (PS) and/ or junior high school (JH) children for the 2012–13 influenza season in Odate, Japan then characterized the epidemiology of influenza household transmission as well as estimated the serial intervals.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>We delivered a self-reported questionnaire survey to households with PS and/or JH school children in Odate City, Japan. Influenza A (H3N2) virus predominantly circulated during the 2012–13 influenza season. We investigated the epidemiological characteristics of within-household transmission and calculated the serial intervals (SI). SIs were drew by a non-parametric model and compared with parametric models by the Akaike Information Criterion. The covariable contributions were investigated by the accelerated failure model.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>Household influenza transmission was identified in 255 out of 363 household respondents. Primary school (PS) children accounted for 45.1 % of primary cases, and disease transmission was most commonly observed between PS children and parents, followed by transmission from PS children to siblings. In primary cases of PS or JH children, younger age and longer absence from school were significantly associated with household transmission events. The mean SI was estimated as 2.8 days (95 % confidence interval 2.6-3.0 days) in the lognormal model. The estimated acceleration factors revealed that while secondary school age and the absence duration > 7 days were associated with shorter and longer SIs, respectively, antiviral prescriptions for primary cases made no contribution.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>High frequencies of household transmission from primary school with shorter SI were found. These findings contribute to the development of future mitigation strategies against influenza transmission in Japan.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title>
<p>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1007-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">BMC Infect Dis</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">BMC Infect. Dis</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>BMC Infectious Diseases</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1471-2334</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>BioMed Central</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26201316</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4512025</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1007</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/s12879-015-1007-8</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Analysis of influenza transmission in the households of primary and junior high school students during the 2012–13 influenza season in Odate, Japan</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Kamigaki</surname>
<given-names>Taro</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>kamigakit@med.tohoku.ac.j</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mimura</surname>
<given-names>Satoshi</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>mimuras@med.tohoku.ac.jp</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Takahashi</surname>
<given-names>Yoshihiro</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>tyoshihi@odate-hp.odate.akita.jp</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Oshitani</surname>
<given-names>Hitoshi</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>oshitanih@med.tohoku.ac.jp</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="Aff1"><label></label>
Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan</aff>
<aff id="Aff2"><label></label>
Division of Pediatrics, Odate Municipal Hospital, Odate, Japan</aff>
</contrib-group>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>23</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<elocation-id>282</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>20</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>2</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© Kamigaki et al. 2015</copyright-statement>
<license license-type="open-access"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ext-link>
), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</ext-link>
) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract id="Abs1"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>Households are one of the major settings of influenza transmission in the community and transmission is frequently initiated by school-aged children. We surveyed households with primary school (PS) and/ or junior high school (JH) children for the 2012–13 influenza season in Odate, Japan then characterized the epidemiology of influenza household transmission as well as estimated the serial intervals.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>We delivered a self-reported questionnaire survey to households with PS and/or JH school children in Odate City, Japan. Influenza A (H3N2) virus predominantly circulated during the 2012–13 influenza season. We investigated the epidemiological characteristics of within-household transmission and calculated the serial intervals (SI). SIs were drew by a non-parametric model and compared with parametric models by the Akaike Information Criterion. The covariable contributions were investigated by the accelerated failure model.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>Household influenza transmission was identified in 255 out of 363 household respondents. Primary school (PS) children accounted for 45.1 % of primary cases, and disease transmission was most commonly observed between PS children and parents, followed by transmission from PS children to siblings. In primary cases of PS or JH children, younger age and longer absence from school were significantly associated with household transmission events. The mean SI was estimated as 2.8 days (95 % confidence interval 2.6-3.0 days) in the lognormal model. The estimated acceleration factors revealed that while secondary school age and the absence duration > 7 days were associated with shorter and longer SIs, respectively, antiviral prescriptions for primary cases made no contribution.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>High frequencies of household transmission from primary school with shorter SI were found. These findings contribute to the development of future mitigation strategies against influenza transmission in Japan.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title>
<p>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1007-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name>
<meta-value>© The Author(s) 2015</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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