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<title xml:lang="en">T-cell-mediated cross-strain protective immunity elicited by prime–boost vaccination with a live attenuated influenza vaccine</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Li, Junwei" sort="Li, Junwei" uniqKey="Li J" first="Junwei" last="Li">Junwei Li</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Arevalo, Maria T" sort="Arevalo, Maria T" uniqKey="Arevalo M" first="Maria T." last="Arévalo">Maria T. Arévalo</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chen, Yanping" sort="Chen, Yanping" uniqKey="Chen Y" first="Yanping" last="Chen">Yanping Chen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chen, Shan" sort="Chen, Shan" uniqKey="Chen S" first="Shan" last="Chen">Shan Chen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zeng, Mingtao" sort="Zeng, Mingtao" uniqKey="Zeng M" first="Mingtao" last="Zeng">Mingtao Zeng</name>
</author>
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<idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">25172265</idno>
<idno type="pmc">4197066</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4197066</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:4197066</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1016/j.ijid.2014.05.016</idno>
<date when="2014">2014</date>
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<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">T-cell-mediated cross-strain protective immunity elicited by prime–boost vaccination with a live attenuated influenza vaccine</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Li, Junwei" sort="Li, Junwei" uniqKey="Li J" first="Junwei" last="Li">Junwei Li</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Arevalo, Maria T" sort="Arevalo, Maria T" uniqKey="Arevalo M" first="Maria T." last="Arévalo">Maria T. Arévalo</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chen, Yanping" sort="Chen, Yanping" uniqKey="Chen Y" first="Yanping" last="Chen">Yanping Chen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chen, Shan" sort="Chen, Shan" uniqKey="Chen S" first="Shan" last="Chen">Shan Chen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zeng, Mingtao" sort="Zeng, Mingtao" uniqKey="Zeng M" first="Mingtao" last="Zeng">Mingtao Zeng</name>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1201-9712</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1878-3511</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2014">2014</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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<textClass></textClass>
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<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<title>Summary</title>
<sec id="S1">
<title>Background</title>
<p id="P1">Antigenic drift and shift of influenza viruses require frequent reformulation of influenza vaccines. In addition, seasonal influenza vaccines are often mismatched to the epidemic influenza strains. This stresses the need for a universal influenza vaccine.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S2">
<title>Methods</title>
<p id="P2">BALB/c mice were vaccinated with the trivalent live attenuated (LAIV; FluMist) or inactivated (TIV; FluZone) influenza vaccines and challenged with PR8 (H1N1), FM/47 (H1N1), or HK/68 (H3N2) influenza virus. Cytokines and antibody responses were tested by ELISA. Furthermore, different LAIV dosages were applied in BALB/c mice. LAIV vaccinated mice were also depleted of T-cells and challenged with PR8 virus.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3">
<title>Results</title>
<p id="P3">LAIV induced significant protection against challenge with the non-vaccine strain PR8 influenza virus. Furthermore, protective immunity against PR8 was dose-dependent. Of note, interleukin 2 and interferon gamma cytokine secretion in the lung alveolar fluid were significantly elevated in mice vaccinated with LAIV. Moreover, T-cell depletion of LAIV vaccinated mice compromised protection, indicating that T-cell-mediated immunity is required. In contrast, passive transfer of sera from mice vaccinated with LAIV into naïve mice failed to protect against PR8 challenge. Neutralization assays in vitro confirmed that LAIV did not induce cross-strain neutralizing antibodies against PR8 virus. Finally, we showed that three doses of LAIV also provided protection against challenge with two additional heterologous viruses, FM/47 and HK/68.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4">
<title>Conclusions</title>
<p id="P4">These results support the potential use of the LAIV as a universal influenza vaccine under a prime–boost vaccination regimen.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article">
<pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">9610933</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">20844</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int J Infect Dis</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Int. J. Infect. Dis.</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1201-9712</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1878-3511</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25172265</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4197066</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ijid.2014.05.016</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS624515</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>T-cell-mediated cross-strain protective immunity elicited by prime–boost vaccination with a live attenuated influenza vaccine</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>Junwei</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Arévalo</surname>
<given-names>Maria T.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chen</surname>
<given-names>Yanping</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chen</surname>
<given-names>Shan</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zeng</surname>
<given-names>Mingtao</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="CR1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="A1">Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, TX 79905, USA</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="CR1">
<label>*</label>
Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 915 2154244.
<email>mt.zeng@ttuhsc.edu</email>
(M. Zeng).</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted">
<day>2</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>27</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<month>10</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release">
<day>01</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<fpage>37</fpage>
<lpage>43</lpage>
<pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.05.016</pmc-comment>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>© 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<title>Summary</title>
<sec id="S1">
<title>Background</title>
<p id="P1">Antigenic drift and shift of influenza viruses require frequent reformulation of influenza vaccines. In addition, seasonal influenza vaccines are often mismatched to the epidemic influenza strains. This stresses the need for a universal influenza vaccine.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S2">
<title>Methods</title>
<p id="P2">BALB/c mice were vaccinated with the trivalent live attenuated (LAIV; FluMist) or inactivated (TIV; FluZone) influenza vaccines and challenged with PR8 (H1N1), FM/47 (H1N1), or HK/68 (H3N2) influenza virus. Cytokines and antibody responses were tested by ELISA. Furthermore, different LAIV dosages were applied in BALB/c mice. LAIV vaccinated mice were also depleted of T-cells and challenged with PR8 virus.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3">
<title>Results</title>
<p id="P3">LAIV induced significant protection against challenge with the non-vaccine strain PR8 influenza virus. Furthermore, protective immunity against PR8 was dose-dependent. Of note, interleukin 2 and interferon gamma cytokine secretion in the lung alveolar fluid were significantly elevated in mice vaccinated with LAIV. Moreover, T-cell depletion of LAIV vaccinated mice compromised protection, indicating that T-cell-mediated immunity is required. In contrast, passive transfer of sera from mice vaccinated with LAIV into naïve mice failed to protect against PR8 challenge. Neutralization assays in vitro confirmed that LAIV did not induce cross-strain neutralizing antibodies against PR8 virus. Finally, we showed that three doses of LAIV also provided protection against challenge with two additional heterologous viruses, FM/47 and HK/68.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4">
<title>Conclusions</title>
<p id="P4">These results support the potential use of the LAIV as a universal influenza vaccine under a prime–boost vaccination regimen.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Live attenuated influenza vaccine</kwd>
<kwd>Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine</kwd>
<kwd>Heterologous influenza viruses</kwd>
<kwd>Cross-strain protective immunity</kwd>
<kwd>T-cell-mediated immunity</kwd>
<kwd>Prime–boost vaccination</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>

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