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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Minimal molecular constraints for respiratory droplet transmission of an avian–human H9N2 influenza A virus</title><author><name sortKey="Sorrell, Erin M" sort="Sorrell, Erin M" uniqKey="Sorrell E" first="Erin M." last="Sorrell">Erin M. Sorrell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, and Virginia–Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, 8075 Greenmead Drive, College Park, MD 20742</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wan, Hongquan" sort="Wan, Hongquan" uniqKey="Wan H" first="Hongquan" last="Wan">Hongquan Wan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, and Virginia–Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, 8075 Greenmead Drive, College Park, MD 20742</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Araya, Yonas" sort="Araya, Yonas" uniqKey="Araya Y" first="Yonas" last="Araya">Yonas Araya</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, and Virginia–Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, 8075 Greenmead Drive, College Park, MD 20742</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, Haichen" sort="Song, Haichen" uniqKey="Song H" first="Haichen" last="Song">Haichen Song</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, and Virginia–Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, 8075 Greenmead Drive, College Park, MD 20742</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perez, Daniel R" sort="Perez, Daniel R" uniqKey="Perez D" first="Daniel R." last="Perez">Daniel R. Perez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, and Virginia–Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, 8075 Greenmead Drive, College Park, MD 20742</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">19380727</idno><idno type="pmc">2670882</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2670882</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2670882</idno><idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.0900877106</idno><date when="2009">2009</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000745</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000745</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Minimal molecular constraints for respiratory droplet transmission of an avian–human H9N2 influenza A virus</title><author><name sortKey="Sorrell, Erin M" sort="Sorrell, Erin M" uniqKey="Sorrell E" first="Erin M." last="Sorrell">Erin M. Sorrell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, and Virginia–Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, 8075 Greenmead Drive, College Park, MD 20742</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wan, Hongquan" sort="Wan, Hongquan" uniqKey="Wan H" first="Hongquan" last="Wan">Hongquan Wan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, and Virginia–Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, 8075 Greenmead Drive, College Park, MD 20742</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Araya, Yonas" sort="Araya, Yonas" uniqKey="Araya Y" first="Yonas" last="Araya">Yonas Araya</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, and Virginia–Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, 8075 Greenmead Drive, College Park, MD 20742</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, Haichen" sort="Song, Haichen" uniqKey="Song H" first="Haichen" last="Song">Haichen Song</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, and Virginia–Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, 8075 Greenmead Drive, College Park, MD 20742</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perez, Daniel R" sort="Perez, Daniel R" uniqKey="Perez D" first="Daniel R." last="Perez">Daniel R. Perez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, and Virginia–Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, 8075 Greenmead Drive, College Park, MD 20742</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2009">2009</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Pandemic influenza requires interspecies transmission of an influenza virus with a novel hemagglutinin (HA) subtytpe that can adapt to its new host through either reassortment or point mutations and transmit by aerosolized respiratory droplets. Two previous pandemics of 1957 and 1968 resulted from the reassortment of low pathogenic avian viruses and human subtypes of that period; however, conditions leading to a pandemic virus are still poorly understood. Given the endemic situation of avian H9N2 influenza with human-like receptor specificity in Eurasia and its occasional transmission to humans and pigs, we wanted to determine whether an avian–human H9N2 reassortant could gain respiratory transmission in a mammalian animal model, the ferret. Here we show that following adaptation in the ferret, a reassortant virus carrying the surface proteins of an avian H9N2 in a human H3N2 backbone can transmit efficiently via respiratory droplets, creating a clinical infection similar to human influenza infections. Minimal changes at the protein level were found in this virus capable of respiratory droplet transmission. A reassortant virus expressing only the HA and neuraminidase (NA) of the ferret-adapted virus was able to account for the transmissibility, suggesting that currently circulating avian H9N2 viruses require little adaptation in mammals following acquisition of all human virus internal genes through reassortment. Hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) analysis showed changes in the antigenic profile of the virus, which carries profound implications for vaccine seed stock preparation against avian H9N2 influenza. This report illustrates that aerosolized respiratory transmission is not exclusive to current human H1, H2, and H3 influenza subtypes.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PNAS</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0027-8424</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1091-6490</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">19380727</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2670882</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">7781</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1073/pnas.0900877106</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Biological Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbiology</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Minimal molecular constraints for respiratory droplet transmission of an avian–human H9N2 influenza A virus</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sorrell</surname><given-names>Erin M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wan</surname><given-names>Hongquan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Araya</surname><given-names>Yonas</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Song</surname><given-names>Haichen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Perez</surname><given-names>Daniel R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><aff id="aff1">Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, and Virginia–Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, 8075 Greenmead Drive, College Park, MD 20742</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><sup>4</sup>To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: <email>dperez1@umd.edu</email></corresp><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Edited by Peter Palese, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, and approved March 17, 2009</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p>Author contributions: D.R.P. designed research; E.M.S., H.W., Y.A., and H.S. performed research; E.M.S., H.W., H.S., and D.R.P. analyzed data; and E.M.S., H.W., and D.R.P. wrote the paper.</p></fn><fn id="FN1" fn-type="equal"><p><sup>1</sup>E.M.S. and H.W. contributed equally to this work.</p></fn><fn id="FN2" fn-type="present-address"><p><sup>2</sup>Present address: Molecular, Virology, and Vaccines Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333.</p></fn><fn id="FN3" fn-type="present-address"><p><sup>3</sup>Present address: Synbiotics Corporation, 8075 Greenmead Drive, College Park, MD 20742.</p></fn><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>5</day><month>5</month><year>2009</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>4</month><year>2009</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>20</day><month>4</month><year>2009</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on the
epub date downloaded from Highwire. </pmc-comment>
<volume>106</volume><issue>18</issue><fpage>7565</fpage><lpage>7570</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>27</day><month>1</month><year>2009</year></date></history><permissions><license license-type="open-access"><license-p>Freely available online through the PNAS open access option.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zpq01809007565.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p>Pandemic influenza requires interspecies transmission of an influenza virus with a novel hemagglutinin (HA) subtytpe that can adapt to its new host through either reassortment or point mutations and transmit by aerosolized respiratory droplets. Two previous pandemics of 1957 and 1968 resulted from the reassortment of low pathogenic avian viruses and human subtypes of that period; however, conditions leading to a pandemic virus are still poorly understood. Given the endemic situation of avian H9N2 influenza with human-like receptor specificity in Eurasia and its occasional transmission to humans and pigs, we wanted to determine whether an avian–human H9N2 reassortant could gain respiratory transmission in a mammalian animal model, the ferret. Here we show that following adaptation in the ferret, a reassortant virus carrying the surface proteins of an avian H9N2 in a human H3N2 backbone can transmit efficiently via respiratory droplets, creating a clinical infection similar to human influenza infections. Minimal changes at the protein level were found in this virus capable of respiratory droplet transmission. A reassortant virus expressing only the HA and neuraminidase (NA) of the ferret-adapted virus was able to account for the transmissibility, suggesting that currently circulating avian H9N2 viruses require little adaptation in mammals following acquisition of all human virus internal genes through reassortment. Hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) analysis showed changes in the antigenic profile of the virus, which carries profound implications for vaccine seed stock preparation against avian H9N2 influenza. This report illustrates that aerosolized respiratory transmission is not exclusive to current human H1, H2, and H3 influenza subtypes.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>aerosol</kwd><kwd>ferrets</kwd><kwd>contact</kwd><kwd>pandemic</kwd><kwd>preparedness</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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