Avian influenza viruses and human health
Identifieur interne : 000047 ( PascalFrancis/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000046; suivant : 000048Avian influenza viruses and human health
Auteurs : D. J. Alexander [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Developments in biologicals [ 1424-6074 ] ; 2006.
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- Pascal (Inist)
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Abstract
Influenza A viruses cause natural infections of humans, some other mammals and birds. Few of the 16 haemagglutinin and nine neuraminidase subtype combinations have been isolated from mammals, but all subtypes have been isolated from birds. In the 20th century, there were four pandemics of influenza as a result of the emergence of antigenically different strains in humans: 1918(H1N1), 1957 (H2N2), 1968 (H3N2) and 1977 (H1N1). Influenza A viruses contain eight distinct RNA genes and reassortment of these can occur in mixed infections with different viruses. The 1957 and 1968 pandemic viruses differed from the preceding viruses in humans by the substitution of genes that came from avian viruses, suggesting they arose by genetic reassortment of viruses of human and avian origin. Up to 1995, there had been only three reports of avian influenza viruses infecting humans, in 1959, 1977 and 1981 (all H7N7), but, since 1996, there have been regular reports of natural infections of humans with avian influenza viruses: in England in 1996 (H7N7), Hong Kong 1997 (H5N1), 1999 (H9N2), and 2003 (H5N1), in The Netherlands 2003 (H7N7), Canada 2004 (H7N3), Vietnam 2004 (H5N1) and Thailand 2004 (H5N1). The H5N1 virus is alarming because 51 (64 %) of the 80 people confirmed as infected since 1997 have died.
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Avian influenza viruses and human health</title><author><name sortKey="Alexander, D J" sort="Alexander, D J" uniqKey="Alexander D" first="D. J." last="Alexander">D. J. Alexander</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Virology Department, Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge</s1><s2>Addlestone, Surrey</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Addlestone, Surrey</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="inist">06-0150137</idno><date when="2006">2006</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 06-0150137 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:06-0150137</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">000047</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">000027</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint">000047</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PascalFrancis" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000047</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Avian influenza viruses and human health</title><author><name sortKey="Alexander, D J" sort="Alexander, D J" uniqKey="Alexander D" first="D. J." last="Alexander">D. J. Alexander</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Virology Department, Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge</s1><s2>Addlestone, Surrey</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Addlestone, Surrey</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Developments in biologicals</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Dev. biol.</title><idno type="ISSN">1424-6074</idno><imprint><date when="2006">2006</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Developments in biologicals</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Dev. biol.</title><idno type="ISSN">1424-6074</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Aves</term><term>Avian influenza</term><term>Avian influenzavirus</term><term>Canada</term><term>Emerging disease</term><term>England</term><term>Exo-α-sialidase</term><term>Gene</term><term>Genetic reassortment</term><term>Hemagglutinin</term><term>Hong Kong</term><term>Human</term><term>Influenza A</term><term>Mammalia</term><term>Mixed infection</term><term>Netherlands</term><term>Origin</term><term>Strain</term><term>Subtype</term><term>Vietnam</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Influenzavirus aviaire</term><term>Homme</term><term>Mammalia</term><term>Aves</term><term>Hémagglutinine</term><term>Exo-α-sialidase</term><term>Soustype</term><term>Souche</term><term>Gène</term><term>Infection mixte</term><term>Origine</term><term>Angleterre</term><term>Grippe A</term><term>Maladie émergente</term><term>Hong Kong</term><term>Pays Bas</term><term>Canada</term><term>Vietnam</term><term>Réassortiment génétique</term><term>Grippe aviaire</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Hong Kong</term><term>Canada</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Homme</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Influenza A viruses cause natural infections of humans, some other mammals and birds. Few of the 16 haemagglutinin and nine neuraminidase subtype combinations have been isolated from mammals, but all subtypes have been isolated from birds. In the 20<sup>th</sup> century, there were four pandemics of influenza as a result of the emergence of antigenically different strains in humans: 1918(H1N1), 1957 (H2N2), 1968 (H3N2) and 1977 (H1N1). Influenza A viruses contain eight distinct RNA genes and reassortment of these can occur in mixed infections with different viruses. The 1957 and 1968 pandemic viruses differed from the preceding viruses in humans by the substitution of genes that came from avian viruses, suggesting they arose by genetic reassortment of viruses of human and avian origin. Up to 1995, there had been only three reports of avian influenza viruses infecting humans, in 1959, 1977 and 1981 (all H7N7), but, since 1996, there have been regular reports of natural infections of humans with avian influenza viruses: in England in 1996 (H7N7), Hong Kong 1997 (H5N1), 1999 (H9N2), and 2003 (H5N1), in The Netherlands 2003 (H7N7), Canada 2004 (H7N3), Vietnam 2004 (H5N1) and Thailand 2004 (H5N1). The H5N1 virus is alarming because 51 (64 %) of the 80 people confirmed as infected since 1997 have died.</div></front></TEI><inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>1424-6074</s0></fA01><fA03 i2="1"><s0>Dev. biol.</s0></fA03><fA05><s2>124</s2></fA05><fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Avian influenza viruses and human health</s1></fA08><fA09 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>OIE/FAO International Scientific Conference on Avian Influenza</s1></fA09><fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>ALEXANDER (D. J.)</s1></fA11><fA12 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>SCHUDEL (Alejandro)</s1><s9>ed.</s9></fA12><fA12 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>LOMBARD (Michel)</s1><s9>ed.</s9></fA12><fA14 i1="01"><s1>Virology Department, Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge</s1><s2>Addlestone, Surrey</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA15 i1="01"><s1>World Organisation for Animal Health-OIE</s1><s2>Paris</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></fA15><fA15 i1="02"><s1>International Association for Biologicals (IABs)</s1><s2>Geneva</s2><s3>CHE</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></fA15><fA18 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>World Organisation for Animal Health-OIE</s1><s3>FRA</s3><s9>patr.</s9></fA18><fA20><s1>77-84</s1></fA20><fA21><s1>2006</s1></fA21><fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0></fA23><fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1><s2>13557</s2><s5>354000115130000080</s5></fA43><fA44><s0>0000</s0><s1>© 2006 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1></fA44><fA45><s0>22 ref.</s0></fA45><fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>06-0150137</s0></fA47><fA60><s1>P</s1><s2>C</s2></fA60><fA61><s0>A</s0></fA61><fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>Developments in biologicals</s0></fA64><fA66 i1="01"><s0>CHE</s0></fA66><fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>Influenza A viruses cause natural infections of humans, some other mammals and birds. Few of the 16 haemagglutinin and nine neuraminidase subtype combinations have been isolated from mammals, but all subtypes have been isolated from birds. In the 20<sup>th</sup> century, there were four pandemics of influenza as a result of the emergence of antigenically different strains in humans: 1918(H1N1), 1957 (H2N2), 1968 (H3N2) and 1977 (H1N1). Influenza A viruses contain eight distinct RNA genes and reassortment of these can occur in mixed infections with different viruses. The 1957 and 1968 pandemic viruses differed from the preceding viruses in humans by the substitution of genes that came from avian viruses, suggesting they arose by genetic reassortment of viruses of human and avian origin. Up to 1995, there had been only three reports of avian influenza viruses infecting humans, in 1959, 1977 and 1981 (all H7N7), but, since 1996, there have been regular reports of natural infections of humans with avian influenza viruses: in England in 1996 (H7N7), Hong Kong 1997 (H5N1), 1999 (H9N2), and 2003 (H5N1), in The Netherlands 2003 (H7N7), Canada 2004 (H7N3), Vietnam 2004 (H5N1) and Thailand 2004 (H5N1). 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l="SPA"><s0>America</s0><s2>NG</s2></fC07><fN21><s1>093</s1></fN21><fN44 i1="01"><s1>OTO</s1></fN44><fN82><s1>OTO</s1></fN82></pA><pR><fA30 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>OIE/FAO International Scientific Conference on Avian Influenza</s1><s3>Paris FRA</s3><s4>2005-04-07</s4></fA30></pR></standard></inist><affiliations><list><country><li>Royaume-Uni</li></country></list><tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Alexander, D J" sort="Alexander, D J" uniqKey="Alexander D" first="D. 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