H2N2V1, PascalFrancis, Corpus, bibRecord, 000047

Avian influenza viruses and human health

Identifieur interne : 000047 ( PascalFrancis/Corpus ); précédent : 000046; suivant : 000048

Avian influenza viruses and human health

Auteurs : D. J. Alexander

Source :

Developments in biologicals [ 1424-6074 ] ; 2006.

RBID : Pascal:06-0150137

Descripteurs français

Pascal (Inist)
- Influenzavirus aviaire, Homme, Mammalia, Aves, Hémagglutinine, Exo-α-sialidase, Soustype, Souche, Gène, Infection mixte, Origine, Angleterre, Grippe A, Maladie émergente, Hong Kong, Pays Bas, Canada, Vietnam, Réassortiment génétique, Grippe aviaire.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Aves, Avian influenza, Avian influenzavirus, Canada, Emerging disease, England, Exo-α-sialidase, Gene, Genetic reassortment, Hemagglutinin, Hong Kong, Human, Influenza A, Mammalia, Mixed infection, Netherlands, Origin, Strain, Subtype, Vietnam.

Abstract

Influenza A viruses cause natural infections of humans, some other mammals and birds. Few of the 16 haemagglutinin and nine neuraminidase subtype combinations have been isolated from mammals, but all subtypes have been isolated from birds. In the 20^th century, there were four pandemics of influenza as a result of the emergence of antigenically different strains in humans: 1918(H1N1), 1957 (H2N2), 1968 (H3N2) and 1977 (H1N1). Influenza A viruses contain eight distinct RNA genes and reassortment of these can occur in mixed infections with different viruses. The 1957 and 1968 pandemic viruses differed from the preceding viruses in humans by the substitution of genes that came from avian viruses, suggesting they arose by genetic reassortment of viruses of human and avian origin. Up to 1995, there had been only three reports of avian influenza viruses infecting humans, in 1959, 1977 and 1981 (all H7N7), but, since 1996, there have been regular reports of natural infections of humans with avian influenza viruses: in England in 1996 (H7N7), Hong Kong 1997 (H5N1), 1999 (H9N2), and 2003 (H5N1), in The Netherlands 2003 (H7N7), Canada 2004 (H7N3), Vietnam 2004 (H5N1) and Thailand 2004 (H5N1). The H5N1 virus is alarming because 51 (64 %) of the 80 people confirmed as infected since 1997 have died.

Notice en format standard (ISO 2709)

Pour connaître la documentation sur le format Inist Standard.

A01	`01`	`1`		`@0 1424-6074`
A03		`1`		`@0 Dev. biol.`
A05				`@2 124`
A08	`01`	`1`	`ENG`	`@1 Avian influenza viruses and human health`
A09	`01`	`1`	`ENG`	`@1 OIE/FAO International Scientific Conference on Avian Influenza`
A11	`01`	`1`		`@1 ALEXANDER (D. J.)`
A12	`01`	`1`		`@1 SCHUDEL (Alejandro) @9 ed.`
A12	`02`	`1`		`@1 LOMBARD (Michel) @9 ed.`
A14	`01`			`@1 Virology Department, Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge @2 Addlestone, Surrey @3 GBR @Z 1 aut.`
A15	`01`			`@1 World Organisation for Animal Health-OIE @2 Paris @3 FRA @Z 1 aut.`
A15	`02`			`@1 International Association for Biologicals (IABs) @2 Geneva @3 CHE @Z 2 aut.`
A18	`01`	`1`		`@1 World Organisation for Animal Health-OIE @3 FRA @9 patr.`
A20				`@1 77-84`
A21				`@1 2006`
A23	`01`			`@0 ENG`
A43	`01`			`@1 INIST @2 13557 @5 354000115130000080`
A44				`@0 0000 @1 © 2006 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.`
A45				`@0 22 ref.`
A47	`01`	`1`		`@0 06-0150137`
A60				`@1 P @2 C`
A61				`@0 A`
A64	`01`	`1`		`@0 Developments in biologicals`
A66	`01`			`@0 CHE`
C01	`01`		`ENG`	@0 Influenza A viruses cause natural infections of humans, some other mammals and birds. Few of the 16 haemagglutinin and nine neuraminidase subtype combinations have been isolated from mammals, but all subtypes have been isolated from birds. In the 20^th century, there were four pandemics of influenza as a result of the emergence of antigenically different strains in humans: 1918(H1N1), 1957 (H2N2), 1968 (H3N2) and 1977 (H1N1). Influenza A viruses contain eight distinct RNA genes and reassortment of these can occur in mixed infections with different viruses. The 1957 and 1968 pandemic viruses differed from the preceding viruses in humans by the substitution of genes that came from avian viruses, suggesting they arose by genetic reassortment of viruses of human and avian origin. Up to 1995, there had been only three reports of avian influenza viruses infecting humans, in 1959, 1977 and 1981 (all H7N7), but, since 1996, there have been regular reports of natural infections of humans with avian influenza viruses: in England in 1996 (H7N7), Hong Kong 1997 (H5N1), 1999 (H9N2), and 2003 (H5N1), in The Netherlands 2003 (H7N7), Canada 2004 (H7N3), Vietnam 2004 (H5N1) and Thailand 2004 (H5N1). The H5N1 virus is alarming because 51 (64 %) of the 80 people confirmed as infected since 1997 have died.
C02	`01`	`X`		`@0 002A01D`
C02	`02`	`X`		`@0 002A05C09`
C03	`01`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Influenzavirus aviaire @2 NW @5 01`
C03	`01`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Avian influenzavirus @2 NW @5 01`
C03	`01`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Avian influenzavirus @2 NW @5 01`
C03	`02`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Homme @5 02`
C03	`02`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Human @5 02`
C03	`02`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Hombre @5 02`
C03	`03`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Mammalia @2 NS @5 03`
C03	`03`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Mammalia @2 NS @5 03`
C03	`03`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Mammalia @2 NS @5 03`
C03	`04`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Aves @2 NS @5 04`
C03	`04`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Aves @2 NS @5 04`
C03	`04`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Aves @2 NS @5 04`
C03	`05`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Hémagglutinine @5 05`
C03	`05`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Hemagglutinin @5 05`
C03	`05`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Hemoaglutinina @5 05`
C03	`06`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Exo-α-sialidase @2 FE @5 06 @6 Exo-«α»-sialidase`
C03	`06`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Exo-α-sialidase @2 FE @5 06 @6 Exo-«α»-sialidase`
C03	`06`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Exo-α-sialidase @2 FE @5 06 @6 Exo-«α»-sialidase`
C03	`07`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Soustype @5 07`
C03	`07`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Subtype @5 07`
C03	`07`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Subtipo @5 07`
C03	`08`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Souche @5 08`
C03	`08`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Strain @5 08`
C03	`08`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Cepa @5 08`
C03	`09`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Gène @5 09`
C03	`09`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Gene @5 09`
C03	`09`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Gen @5 09`
C03	`10`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Infection mixte @5 10`
C03	`10`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Mixed infection @5 10`
C03	`10`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Infección mixta @5 10`
C03	`11`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Origine @5 11`
C03	`11`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Origin @5 11`
C03	`11`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Origen @5 11`
C03	`12`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Angleterre @2 NG @5 12`
C03	`12`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 England @2 NG @5 12`
C03	`12`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Inglaterra @2 NG @5 12`
C03	`13`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Grippe A @5 14`
C03	`13`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Influenza A @5 14`
C03	`13`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Gripe A @5 14`
C03	`14`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Maladie émergente @2 NM @5 15`
C03	`14`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Emerging disease @2 NM @5 15`
C03	`14`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Enfermedad emergente @2 NM @5 15`
C03	`15`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Hong Kong @2 NG @5 67`
C03	`15`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Hong Kong @2 NG @5 67`
C03	`15`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Hong Kong @2 NG @5 67`
C03	`16`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Pays Bas @2 NG @5 68`
C03	`16`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Netherlands @2 NG @5 68`
C03	`16`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Holanda @2 NG @5 68`
C03	`17`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Canada @2 NG @5 69`
C03	`17`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Canada @2 NG @5 69`
C03	`17`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Canadá @2 NG @5 69`
C03	`18`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Vietnam @2 NG @5 70`
C03	`18`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Vietnam @2 NG @5 70`
C03	`18`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Vietnam @2 NG @5 70`
C03	`19`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Réassortiment génétique @4 CD @5 96`
C03	`19`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Genetic reassortment @4 CD @5 96`
C03	`20`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Grippe aviaire @4 CD @5 97`
C03	`20`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Avian influenza @4 CD @5 97`
C03	`20`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Gripe aviar @4 CD @5 97`
C07	`01`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Influenzavirus A @2 NW`
C07	`01`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Influenzavirus A @2 NW`
C07	`01`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Influenzavirus A @2 NW`
C07	`02`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Orthomyxoviridae @2 NW`
C07	`02`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Orthomyxoviridae @2 NW`
C07	`02`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Orthomyxoviridae @2 NW`
C07	`03`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Virus @2 NW`
C07	`03`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Virus @2 NW`
C07	`03`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Virus @2 NW`
C07	`04`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Vertebrata @2 NS`
C07	`04`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Vertebrata @2 NS`
C07	`04`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Vertebrata @2 NS`
C07	`05`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 O-Glycosidases @2 FE @6 «O»-Glycosidases`
C07	`05`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 O-Glycosidases @2 FE @6 «O»-Glycosidases`
C07	`05`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 O-Glycosidases @2 FE @6 «O»-Glycosidases`
C07	`06`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Glycosidases @2 FE`
C07	`06`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Glycosidases @2 FE`
C07	`06`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Glycosidases @2 FE`
C07	`07`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Hydrolases @2 FE`
C07	`07`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Hydrolases @2 FE`
C07	`07`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Hydrolases @2 FE`
C07	`08`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Enzyme @2 FE`
C07	`08`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Enzyme @2 FE`
C07	`08`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Enzima @2 FE`
C07	`09`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Grande Bretagne @2 NG`
C07	`09`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Great Britain @2 NG`
C07	`09`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Gran Bretaña @2 NG`
C07	`10`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Royaume Uni @2 NG`
C07	`10`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 United Kingdom @2 NG`
C07	`10`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Reino Unido @2 NG`
C07	`11`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Europe @2 NG`
C07	`11`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Europe @2 NG`
C07	`11`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Europa @2 NG`
C07	`12`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Virose`
C07	`12`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Viral disease`
C07	`12`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Virosis`
C07	`13`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Infection`
C07	`13`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Infection`
C07	`13`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Infección`
C07	`14`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Chine @2 NG`
C07	`14`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 China @2 NG`
C07	`14`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 China @2 NG`
C07	`15`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Asie @2 NG`
C07	`15`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Asia @2 NG`
C07	`15`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Asia @2 NG`
C07	`16`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Amérique du Nord @2 NG`
C07	`16`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 North America @2 NG`
C07	`16`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 America del norte @2 NG`
C07	`17`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Amérique @2 NG`
C07	`17`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 America @2 NG`
C07	`17`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 America @2 NG`
N21				`@1 093`
N44	`01`			`@1 OTO`
N82				`@1 OTO`

A30	`01`	`1`	`ENG`	`@1 OIE/FAO International Scientific Conference on Avian Influenza @3 Paris FRA @4 2005-04-07`

Format Inist (serveur)

NO :	PASCAL 06-0150137 INIST
ET :	Avian influenza viruses and human health
AU :	ALEXANDER (D. J.); SCHUDEL (Alejandro); LOMBARD (Michel)
AF :	Virology Department, Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge/Addlestone, Surrey/Royaume-Uni (1 aut.); World Organisation for Animal Health-OIE/Paris/France (1 aut.); International Association for Biologicals (IABs)/Geneva/Suisse (2 aut.)
DT :	Publication en série; Congrès; Niveau analytique
SO :	Developments in biologicals; ISSN 1424-6074; Suisse; Da. 2006; Vol. 124; Pp. 77-84; Bibl. 22 ref.
LA :	Anglais
EA :	Influenza A viruses cause natural infections of humans, some other mammals and birds. Few of the 16 haemagglutinin and nine neuraminidase subtype combinations have been isolated from mammals, but all subtypes have been isolated from birds. In the 20^th century, there were four pandemics of influenza as a result of the emergence of antigenically different strains in humans: 1918(H1N1), 1957 (H2N2), 1968 (H3N2) and 1977 (H1N1). Influenza A viruses contain eight distinct RNA genes and reassortment of these can occur in mixed infections with different viruses. The 1957 and 1968 pandemic viruses differed from the preceding viruses in humans by the substitution of genes that came from avian viruses, suggesting they arose by genetic reassortment of viruses of human and avian origin. Up to 1995, there had been only three reports of avian influenza viruses infecting humans, in 1959, 1977 and 1981 (all H7N7), but, since 1996, there have been regular reports of natural infections of humans with avian influenza viruses: in England in 1996 (H7N7), Hong Kong 1997 (H5N1), 1999 (H9N2), and 2003 (H5N1), in The Netherlands 2003 (H7N7), Canada 2004 (H7N3), Vietnam 2004 (H5N1) and Thailand 2004 (H5N1). The H5N1 virus is alarming because 51 (64 %) of the 80 people confirmed as infected since 1997 have died.
CC :	002A01D; 002A05C09
FD :	Influenzavirus aviaire; Homme; Mammalia; Aves; Hémagglutinine; Exo-α-sialidase; Soustype; Souche; Gène; Infection mixte; Origine; Angleterre; Grippe A; Maladie émergente; Hong Kong; Pays Bas; Canada; Vietnam; Réassortiment génétique; Grippe aviaire
FG :	Influenzavirus A; Orthomyxoviridae; Virus; Vertebrata; O-Glycosidases; Glycosidases; Hydrolases; Enzyme; Grande Bretagne; Royaume Uni; Europe; Virose; Infection; Chine; Asie; Amérique du Nord; Amérique
ED :	Avian influenzavirus; Human; Mammalia; Aves; Hemagglutinin; Exo-α-sialidase; Subtype; Strain; Gene; Mixed infection; Origin; England; Influenza A; Emerging disease; Hong Kong; Netherlands; Canada; Vietnam; Genetic reassortment; Avian influenza
EG :	Influenzavirus A; Orthomyxoviridae; Virus; Vertebrata; O-Glycosidases; Glycosidases; Hydrolases; Enzyme; Great Britain; United Kingdom; Europe; Viral disease; Infection; China; Asia; North America; America
SD :	Avian influenzavirus; Hombre; Mammalia; Aves; Hemoaglutinina; Exo-α-sialidase; Subtipo; Cepa; Gen; Infección mixta; Origen; Inglaterra; Gripe A; Enfermedad emergente; Hong Kong; Holanda; Canadá; Vietnam; Gripe aviar
LO :	INIST-13557.354000115130000080
ID :	06-0150137

Links to Exploration step

Pascal:06-0150137

Le document en format XML

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<author><name sortKey="Alexander, D J" sort="Alexander, D J" uniqKey="Alexander D" first="D. J." last="Alexander">D. J. Alexander</name>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Avian influenza viruses and human health</title>
<author><name sortKey="Alexander, D J" sort="Alexander, D J" uniqKey="Alexander D" first="D. J." last="Alexander">D. J. Alexander</name>
<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Virology Department, Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge</s1>
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<term>Avian influenza</term>
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<term>Canada</term>
<term>Emerging disease</term>
<term>England</term>
<term>Exo-α-sialidase</term>
<term>Gene</term>
<term>Genetic reassortment</term>
<term>Hemagglutinin</term>
<term>Hong Kong</term>
<term>Human</term>
<term>Influenza A</term>
<term>Mammalia</term>
<term>Mixed infection</term>
<term>Netherlands</term>
<term>Origin</term>
<term>Strain</term>
<term>Subtype</term>
<term>Vietnam</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Influenzavirus aviaire</term>
<term>Homme</term>
<term>Mammalia</term>
<term>Aves</term>
<term>Hémagglutinine</term>
<term>Exo-α-sialidase</term>
<term>Soustype</term>
<term>Souche</term>
<term>Gène</term>
<term>Infection mixte</term>
<term>Origine</term>
<term>Angleterre</term>
<term>Grippe A</term>
<term>Maladie émergente</term>
<term>Hong Kong</term>
<term>Pays Bas</term>
<term>Canada</term>
<term>Vietnam</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Influenza A viruses cause natural infections of humans, some other mammals and birds. Few of the 16 haemagglutinin and nine neuraminidase subtype combinations have been isolated from mammals, but all subtypes have been isolated from birds. In the 20<sup>th</sup>
 century, there were four pandemics of influenza as a result of the emergence of antigenically different strains in humans: 1918(H1N1), 1957 (H2N2), 1968 (H3N2) and 1977 (H1N1). Influenza A viruses contain eight distinct RNA genes and reassortment of these can occur in mixed infections with different viruses. The 1957 and 1968 pandemic viruses differed from the preceding viruses in humans by the substitution of genes that came from avian viruses, suggesting they arose by genetic reassortment of viruses of human and avian origin. Up to 1995, there had been only three reports of avian influenza viruses infecting humans, in 1959, 1977 and 1981 (all H7N7), but, since 1996, there have been regular reports of natural infections of humans with avian influenza viruses: in England in 1996 (H7N7), Hong Kong 1997 (H5N1), 1999 (H9N2), and 2003 (H5N1), in The Netherlands 2003 (H7N7), Canada 2004 (H7N3), Vietnam 2004 (H5N1) and Thailand 2004 (H5N1). The H5N1 virus is alarming because 51 (64 %) of the 80 people confirmed as infected since 1997 have died.</div>
</front>
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<inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>1424-6074</s0>
</fA01>
<fA03 i2="1"><s0>Dev. biol.</s0>
</fA03>
<fA05><s2>124</s2>
</fA05>
<fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Avian influenza viruses and human health</s1>
</fA08>
<fA09 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>OIE/FAO International Scientific Conference on Avian Influenza</s1>
</fA09>
<fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>ALEXANDER (D. J.)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA12 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>SCHUDEL (Alejandro)</s1>
<s9>ed.</s9>
</fA12>
<fA12 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>LOMBARD (Michel)</s1>
<s9>ed.</s9>
</fA12>
<fA14 i1="01"><s1>Virology Department, Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge</s1>
<s2>Addlestone, Surrey</s2>
<s3>GBR</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA15 i1="01"><s1>World Organisation for Animal Health-OIE</s1>
<s2>Paris</s2>
<s3>FRA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
</fA15>
<fA15 i1="02"><s1>International Association for Biologicals (IABs)</s1>
<s2>Geneva</s2>
<s3>CHE</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
</fA15>
<fA18 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>World Organisation for Animal Health-OIE</s1>
<s3>FRA</s3>
<s9>patr.</s9>
</fA18>
<fA20><s1>77-84</s1>
</fA20>
<fA21><s1>2006</s1>
</fA21>
<fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0>
</fA23>
<fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1>
<s2>13557</s2>
<s5>354000115130000080</s5>
</fA43>
<fA44><s0>0000</s0>
<s1>© 2006 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1>
</fA44>
<fA45><s0>22 ref.</s0>
</fA45>
<fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>06-0150137</s0>
</fA47>
<fA60><s1>P</s1>
<s2>C</s2>
</fA60>
<fA61><s0>A</s0>
</fA61>
<fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>Developments in biologicals</s0>
</fA64>
<fA66 i1="01"><s0>CHE</s0>
</fA66>
<fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>Influenza A viruses cause natural infections of humans, some other mammals and birds. Few of the 16 haemagglutinin and nine neuraminidase subtype combinations have been isolated from mammals, but all subtypes have been isolated from birds. In the 20<sup>th</sup>
 century, there were four pandemics of influenza as a result of the emergence of antigenically different strains in humans: 1918(H1N1), 1957 (H2N2), 1968 (H3N2) and 1977 (H1N1). Influenza A viruses contain eight distinct RNA genes and reassortment of these can occur in mixed infections with different viruses. The 1957 and 1968 pandemic viruses differed from the preceding viruses in humans by the substitution of genes that came from avian viruses, suggesting they arose by genetic reassortment of viruses of human and avian origin. Up to 1995, there had been only three reports of avian influenza viruses infecting humans, in 1959, 1977 and 1981 (all H7N7), but, since 1996, there have been regular reports of natural infections of humans with avian influenza viruses: in England in 1996 (H7N7), Hong Kong 1997 (H5N1), 1999 (H9N2), and 2003 (H5N1), in The Netherlands 2003 (H7N7), Canada 2004 (H7N3), Vietnam 2004 (H5N1) and Thailand 2004 (H5N1). The H5N1 virus is alarming because 51 (64 %) of the 80 people confirmed as infected since 1997 have died.</s0>
</fC01>
<fC02 i1="01" i2="X"><s0>002A01D</s0>
</fC02>
<fC02 i1="02" i2="X"><s0>002A05C09</s0>
</fC02>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Influenzavirus aviaire</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Avian influenzavirus</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Avian influenzavirus</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Homme</s0>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Human</s0>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Hombre</s0>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Mammalia</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Mammalia</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Mammalia</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Aves</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Aves</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Aves</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Hémagglutinine</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Hemagglutinin</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Hemoaglutinina</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Exo-α-sialidase</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
<s5>06</s5>
<s6>Exo-«α»-sialidase</s6>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Exo-α-sialidase</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
<s5>06</s5>
<s6>Exo-«α»-sialidase</s6>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Exo-α-sialidase</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
<s5>06</s5>
<s6>Exo-«α»-sialidase</s6>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Soustype</s0>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Subtype</s0>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Subtipo</s0>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Souche</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Strain</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Cepa</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Gène</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Gene</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Gen</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Infection mixte</s0>
<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Mixed infection</s0>
<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Infección mixta</s0>
<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Origine</s0>
<s5>11</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Origin</s0>
<s5>11</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Origen</s0>
<s5>11</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Angleterre</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>12</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>England</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>12</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Inglaterra</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>12</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Grippe A</s0>
<s5>14</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Influenza A</s0>
<s5>14</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Gripe A</s0>
<s5>14</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="14" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Maladie émergente</s0>
<s2>NM</s2>
<s5>15</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="14" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Emerging disease</s0>
<s2>NM</s2>
<s5>15</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="14" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Enfermedad emergente</s0>
<s2>NM</s2>
<s5>15</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="15" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Hong Kong</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>67</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="15" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Hong Kong</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>67</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="15" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Hong Kong</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>67</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="16" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Pays Bas</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>68</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="16" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Netherlands</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>68</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="16" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Holanda</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>68</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="17" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Canada</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>69</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="17" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Canada</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>69</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="17" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Canadá</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>69</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="18" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Vietnam</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>70</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="18" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Vietnam</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>70</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="18" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Vietnam</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>70</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="19" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Réassortiment génétique</s0>
<s4>CD</s4>
<s5>96</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="19" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Genetic reassortment</s0>
<s4>CD</s4>
<s5>96</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="20" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Grippe aviaire</s0>
<s4>CD</s4>
<s5>97</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="20" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Avian influenza</s0>
<s4>CD</s4>
<s5>97</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="20" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Gripe aviar</s0>
<s4>CD</s4>
<s5>97</s5>
</fC03>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Influenzavirus A</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Influenzavirus A</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Influenzavirus A</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Orthomyxoviridae</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Orthomyxoviridae</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Orthomyxoviridae</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Virus</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Virus</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Virus</s0>
<s2>NW</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Vertebrata</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Vertebrata</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Vertebrata</s0>
<s2>NS</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>O-Glycosidases</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
<s6>«O»-Glycosidases</s6>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>O-Glycosidases</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
<s6>«O»-Glycosidases</s6>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>O-Glycosidases</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
<s6>«O»-Glycosidases</s6>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Glycosidases</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Glycosidases</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Glycosidases</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Hydrolases</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Hydrolases</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Hydrolases</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="08" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Enzyme</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="08" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Enzyme</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="08" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Enzima</s0>
<s2>FE</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="09" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Grande Bretagne</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="09" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Great Britain</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="09" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Gran Bretaña</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="10" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Royaume Uni</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="10" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>United Kingdom</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="10" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Reino Unido</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="11" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Europe</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="11" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Europe</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="11" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Europa</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="12" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Virose</s0>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="12" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Viral disease</s0>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="12" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Virosis</s0>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="13" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Infection</s0>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="13" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Infection</s0>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="13" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Infección</s0>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="14" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Chine</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="14" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>China</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="14" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>China</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="15" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Asie</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="15" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Asia</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="15" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Asia</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="16" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Amérique du Nord</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="16" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>North America</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="16" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>America del norte</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="17" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Amérique</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="17" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>America</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="17" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>America</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fN21><s1>093</s1>
</fN21>
<fN44 i1="01"><s1>OTO</s1>
</fN44>
<fN82><s1>OTO</s1>
</fN82>
</pA>
<pR><fA30 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>OIE/FAO International Scientific Conference on Avian Influenza</s1>
<s3>Paris FRA</s3>
<s4>2005-04-07</s4>
</fA30>
</pR>
</standard>
<server><NO>PASCAL 06-0150137 INIST</NO>
<ET>Avian influenza viruses and human health</ET>
<AU>ALEXANDER (D. J.); SCHUDEL (Alejandro); LOMBARD (Michel)</AU>
<AF>Virology Department, Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge/Addlestone, Surrey/Royaume-Uni (1 aut.); World Organisation for Animal Health-OIE/Paris/France (1 aut.); International Association for Biologicals (IABs)/Geneva/Suisse (2 aut.)</AF>
<DT>Publication en série; Congrès; Niveau analytique</DT>
<SO>Developments in biologicals; ISSN 1424-6074; Suisse; Da. 2006; Vol. 124; Pp. 77-84; Bibl. 22 ref.</SO>
<LA>Anglais</LA>
<EA>Influenza A viruses cause natural infections of humans, some other mammals and birds. Few of the 16 haemagglutinin and nine neuraminidase subtype combinations have been isolated from mammals, but all subtypes have been isolated from birds. In the 20<sup>th</sup>
 century, there were four pandemics of influenza as a result of the emergence of antigenically different strains in humans: 1918(H1N1), 1957 (H2N2), 1968 (H3N2) and 1977 (H1N1). Influenza A viruses contain eight distinct RNA genes and reassortment of these can occur in mixed infections with different viruses. The 1957 and 1968 pandemic viruses differed from the preceding viruses in humans by the substitution of genes that came from avian viruses, suggesting they arose by genetic reassortment of viruses of human and avian origin. Up to 1995, there had been only three reports of avian influenza viruses infecting humans, in 1959, 1977 and 1981 (all H7N7), but, since 1996, there have been regular reports of natural infections of humans with avian influenza viruses: in England in 1996 (H7N7), Hong Kong 1997 (H5N1), 1999 (H9N2), and 2003 (H5N1), in The Netherlands 2003 (H7N7), Canada 2004 (H7N3), Vietnam 2004 (H5N1) and Thailand 2004 (H5N1). The H5N1 virus is alarming because 51 (64 %) of the 80 people confirmed as infected since 1997 have died.</EA>
<CC>002A01D; 002A05C09</CC>
<FD>Influenzavirus aviaire; Homme; Mammalia; Aves; Hémagglutinine; Exo-α-sialidase; Soustype; Souche; Gène; Infection mixte; Origine; Angleterre; Grippe A; Maladie émergente; Hong Kong; Pays Bas; Canada; Vietnam; Réassortiment génétique; Grippe aviaire</FD>
<FG>Influenzavirus A; Orthomyxoviridae; Virus; Vertebrata; O-Glycosidases; Glycosidases; Hydrolases; Enzyme; Grande Bretagne; Royaume Uni; Europe; Virose; Infection; Chine; Asie; Amérique du Nord; Amérique</FG>
<ED>Avian influenzavirus; Human; Mammalia; Aves; Hemagglutinin; Exo-α-sialidase; Subtype; Strain; Gene; Mixed infection; Origin; England; Influenza A; Emerging disease; Hong Kong; Netherlands; Canada; Vietnam; Genetic reassortment; Avian influenza</ED>
<EG>Influenzavirus A; Orthomyxoviridae; Virus; Vertebrata; O-Glycosidases; Glycosidases; Hydrolases; Enzyme; Great Britain; United Kingdom; Europe; Viral disease; Infection; China; Asia; North America; America</EG>
<SD>Avian influenzavirus; Hombre; Mammalia; Aves; Hemoaglutinina; Exo-α-sialidase; Subtipo; Cepa; Gen; Infección mixta; Origen; Inglaterra; Gripe A; Enfermedad emergente; Hong Kong; Holanda; Canadá; Vietnam; Gripe aviar</SD>
<LO>INIST-13557.354000115130000080</LO>
<ID>06-0150137</ID>
</server>
</inist>
</record>

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Avian influenza viruses and human health

Avian influenza viruses and human health

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